Rape (English Wikipedia)

Mallios C, Meisner T. Educating juries in sexual assault cases: Using voir dire to eliminate jury bias. Strategies: The Prosecutors' Newsletter on Violence Against Women, 2010; 2. http://www.aequitasresource.org/EducatingJuriesInSexualAssaultCasesPart1.pdf Archived 2016-04-21 at the Wayback Machine

amnesty.dk

"Case Closed: Rape and Human Rights in Nordic countries" (PDF). Amnesty International. 8 March 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-20.

amnesty.ie

"A damning indictment of Ireland's attitude to women | Amnesty International". Amnesty INternational. Archived from the original on 2013-03-08. Retrieved 2013-02-03.

amnesty.org

Rape and sexual violence: Human rights law and standards in the International Criminal Court Archived 2019-03-07 at the Wayback Machine. Amnesty International 2011

archive.org

Smith, Merril D., ed. (2004). Encyclopedia of rape (1st ed.). Westport, Conn. [u.a.]: Greenwood Press. pp. 169–170. ISBN 978-0-313-32687-5.

archive.today

"holocaust studies". Archived from the original on 2013-12-02.

aware.org.sg

"Rape & Sexual Assault | AWARE Singapore". Aware.org.sg. 2011-03-14. Retrieved 2014-02-12.

bbc.co.uk

Harter, Pascale (2011-06-14). "BBC News – Libya rape victims 'face honour killings'". BBC News. Retrieved 2013-02-03.
Tom de Castella; Jon Kelly (August 22, 2012). "Assange case: How is rape defined?". BBC News. Retrieved December 12, 2013.
"'I was raped at 14, and the video ended up on a porn site'". BBC News. 10 February 2020.
"BBC News — Morocco protest after raped Amina Filali kills herself". BBC News. 2012-03-15. Retrieved 2013-02-03.

news.bbc.co.uk

"Asia-Pacific | Thailand passes marital rape bill". BBC News. 2007-06-21. Retrieved 2014-02-12.

bbc.com

Mohan, Megha (May 8, 2020). "Call for credit card freeze on porn sites". BBC News.

books.google.com

Petrak, Jenny; Hedge, Barbara, eds. (2003). The Trauma of Sexual Assault Treatment, Prevention and Practice. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-470-85138-8.
Robert W. Dumond, "Ignominious Victims: Effective Treatment of Male Sexual Assault in Prison," August 15, 1995, p. 2; states that "evidence suggests that [male-male sexual assault in prison] may be a staggering problem". Quoted in Mariner, Joanne; (Organization), Human Rights Watch (2001-04-17). No escape: male rape in U.S. prisons. Human Rights Watch. p. 370. ISBN 978-1-56432-258-6. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
Adolf Berger, Encyclopedic Dictionary on Roman Law, pp. 667 (raptus) and 768 (vis) [2]
Kalbfleisch, Pamela J.; Cody, Michael J. (2012). Gender Power and Communication in Human Relationships. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-48050-8. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
Ken Plummer (2002). Modern Homosexualities: Fragments of Lesbian and Gay Experiences. Routledge. pp. 187–191. ISBN 978-1-134-92242-0. Retrieved August 24, 2013.
Jenny, Carole (2010). Child Abuse and Neglect: Diagnosis, Treatment and Evidence — Expert Consult. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 187. ISBN 978-1-4377-3621-2.
Klot, Jennifer; Monica Kathina Juma (2011). HIV/AIDS, Gender, Human Security and Violence in Southern Africa. Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-7983-0253-1.
Joan Z. Spade; Catherine G. Valentine (10 December 2007). The kaleidoscope of gender: prisms, patterns, and possibilities. Pine Forge Press. ISBN 978-1-4129-5146-3. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
Dalton, Maureen (2014-10-09). Forensic Gynaecology. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107064294.
Finley, Laura (2018). "Acquaintance rape". In Smith, Merril D. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Rape and Sexual Violence, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-44-084489-8.
Smith, Merril D., ed. (2018). "Stranger rape". Encyclopedia of Rape and Sexual Violence, Volume 2. ABC-CLIO. p. 430. ISBN 978-1-44-084489-8.
Development of Global Prohibition Regimes: Pillage and Rape in War – Tuba Inal. Retrieved 2013-06-15.
The Routledge History of Sex and the Body: 1500 to the Present. 2013-03-14. Retrieved 2013-06-15.
Teela Sanders (2012). Sex Offenses and Sex Offenders. Oxford University Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-0190213633. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
Kersti Yllö; M. Gabriela Torres (2016). Marital Rape: Consent, Marriage, and Social Change in Global Context. Oxford University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0190238377. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
Winnie Tomm (2010). Bodied Mindfulness: Women's Spirits, Bodies and Places. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. p. 140. ISBN 978-1554588022. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
Elisabeth Meier Tetlow (2010). Women, Crime and Punishment in Ancient Law and Society: Volume 1: The Ancient Near East. A&C Black. p. 131. ISBN 978-0826416285. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
Carline, Anna; Easteal, Patricia (2014). Shades of Grey – Domestic and Sexual Violence Against Women: Law Reform and Society. Routledge. p. 209. ISBN 978-1317815242. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
James Fitzjames Stephen, A History of the Criminal Law of England, p. 17 [3]
George Mousourakis, The Historical and Institutional Context of Roman Law p. 30 [4]
Nowell, Irene (1997). Women in the Old Testament. Liturgical Press. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-8146-2411-1.
Weatherford, Jack (March 1, 2011). The Secret History of the Mongol Queens. Broadway Books. p. 90. ISBN 978-0307407160.
Richard Bessel; Dirk Schumann (2003). Life after death: approaches to a cultural and social history of Europe during the 1940s and 1950s. Cambridge University Press. pp. 143–. ISBN 978-0-521-00922-5. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
Ungvary, Krisztian; Ladislaus Lob; John Lukacs (April 11, 2005). The siege of Budapest: One Hundred Days in World War II. Yale University Press. p. 512. ISBN 978-0-300-10468-4.
Bessel, Richard; Dirk Schumann (May 5, 2003). Life after Death: Approaches to a Cultural and Social History of Europe. Cambridge University Press. p. 376. ISBN 978-0-521-00922-5.

broken-rainbow.org.uk

"Domestic violence, sexual assault and stalking: Findings from the British Crime Survey" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 12, 2011. Retrieved 2010-12-31.

buffalo.edu

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"Italian women win cash for wartime rapes". Listserv.acsu.buffalo.edu. Archived from the original on 2013-07-15. Retrieved 2010-12-31.

cambridge.org

Johnson, David T. (2024). "Is rape a crime in Japan?". International Journal of Asian Studies: 1–16. doi:10.1017/S1479591423000554.

carleton.edu

apps.carleton.edu

Foubert J.D. (2000). "The Longitudinal Effects of a Rape-prevention Program on Fraternity Men's Attitudes, Behavioral Intent, and Behavior" (PDF). Journal of American College Health. 48 (4): 158–63. doi:10.1080/07448480009595691. PMID 10650733. S2CID 38521575.

cbc.ca

Raycraft, Richard (2022-07-29). "Supreme Court rules not wearing condom against partner's wishes could lead to sexual assault conviction". CBC News.

ccel.org

Basil of Caesarea, Letters Archived 2007-02-12 at the Wayback Machine circa 374 AD

cdc.gov

Basile, KC; Smith, SG; Breiding, MJ; Black, MC; Mahendra, RR (2014). "Sexual Violence Surveillance: Uniform Definitions and Recommended Data Elements, Version 2.0" (PDF). National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
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chanrobles.com

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8353 Archived 2020-09-20 at the Wayback Machine. Philippine Law. Approved: September 30, 1997

civicresearchinstitute.com

Lisak, David (March–April 2011). "Understanding the predatory nature of sexual violence". Sexual Assault Report. 14 (4): 49–64. Retrieved 10 June 2014. Pdf. Archived 2018-09-18 at the Wayback Machine

cnn.com

edition.cnn.com

"Police officer found guilty of condom 'stealthing' in landmark trial". CNN. 20 December 2018.

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hudoc.echr.coe.int

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ECHR 4 december 2003, no. 39272/98, paragraph 146, M.C. v Bulgaria.

cogprints.org

Bracha, H. Stefan (September 2004). "Freeze, Flight, Fight, Fright, Faint: Adaptationist Perspectives on the Acute Stress Response Spectrum" (PDF). CNS Spectrums. 9 (9): 679–685. doi:10.1017/S1092852900001954. ISSN 2165-6509. PMID 15337864. S2CID 8430710.

colorado.edu

scholar.law.colorado.edu

Gruber, Aya (December 2016). "Consent Confusion". Cardozo Law Review. 38 (2): 415–458. Archived from the original on March 21, 2017. Retrieved March 20, 2017.

constitution.org

Justinian, Institutiones [1] Archived 2018-06-12 at the Wayback Machine
Justinian Institutiones Archived 2018-06-12 at the Wayback Machine

coventry.ac.uk

pure.coventry.ac.uk

Grubb, Amy; Turner, Emily (2012-09-01). "Attribution of blame in rape cases: A review of the impact of rape myth acceptance, gender role conformity and substance use on victim blaming" (PDF). Aggression and Violent Behavior. 17 (5): 443–452. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2012.06.002.

cps.gov.uk

"Charging perverting the course of justice and wasting police time in cases involving allegedly false rape and domestic violence allegations" Archived from: http://www.cps.gov.uk/publications/research/perverting_course_of_justice_march_2013.pdf

dailytelegraph.com.au

"First paedophile in NSW charged with cybersex trafficking". the Daily Telegraph. March 27, 2017.

davidlisak.com

Lisak, David (March–April 2011). "Understanding the predatory nature of sexual violence". Sexual Assault Report. 14 (4): 49–64. Retrieved 10 June 2014. Pdf. Archived 2018-09-18 at the Wayback Machine

doi.org

Struckman-Johnson, Cindy; David Struckman-Johnson (2006). "A Comparison of Sexual Coercion Experiences Reported by Men and Women in Prison". Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 21 (12): 1591–1615. doi:10.1177/0886260506294240. ISSN 0886-2605. PMID 17065656. S2CID 27639359.; reports that "Greater percentages of men (70%) than women (29%) reported that their incident resulted in oral, vaginal, or anal sex. More men (54%) than women (28%) reported an incident that was classified as rape."
Maier, S. L. (2008). ""I Have Heard Horrible Stories...": Rape Victim Advocates' Perceptions of the Revictimization of Rape Victims by the Police and Medical System". Violence Against Women. 14 (7): 786–808. doi:10.1177/1077801208320245. ISSN 1077-8012. PMID 18559867. S2CID 12906072.
Tchen, C.M. (1983). "Rape Reform and a Statutory Consent Defense". Journal of Law and Criminology. 74 (4): 1518–1555. doi:10.2307/1143064. ISSN 0091-4169. JSTOR 1143064.
Koon-Magnin, Sarah; Ruback, R. Barry (September 2013). "The perceived legitimacy of statutory rape laws: the effects of victim age, perpetrator age, and age span: The perceived legitimacy of statutory rape laws". Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 43 (9): 1918–1930. doi:10.1111/jasp.12131.
Kulick, Don (2003). "No". Language & Communication. 23 (2): 139–151. doi:10.1016/S0271-5309(02)00043-5. ISSN 0271-5309.
Lisak, David; Miller, Paul M. (February 2002). "Repeat rape and multiple offending among undetected rapists". Violence & Victims. 17 (1): 73–84. doi:10.1891/vivi.17.1.73.33638. PMID 11991158. S2CID 8401679. Pdf. Archived 2014-10-19 at the Wayback Machine
Petty GM, Dawson B (1989). "Sexual aggression in normal men: incidence, beliefs and personality characteristics". Personality and Individual Differences. 10 (3): 355–362. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(89)90109-8.
Ouimette PC, Riggs D (1998). "Testing a mediational model of sexually aggressive behavior in nonincarcerated perpetrators". Violence and Victims. 13 (2): 117–130. doi:10.1891/0886-6708.13.2.117. PMID 9809392. S2CID 33967482.
Borowsky IW, Hogan M, Ireland M (1997). "Adolescent sexual aggression: risk and protective factors". Pediatrics. 100 (6): E7. doi:10.1542/peds.100.6.e7. PMID 9382908. S2CID 20826647.
Mason, F; Lodrick, Z (February 2013). "Psychological consequences of sexual assault". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 27 (1): 27–37. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.08.015. PMID 23182852.
Bracha, H. Stefan (September 2004). "Freeze, Flight, Fight, Fright, Faint: Adaptationist Perspectives on the Acute Stress Response Spectrum" (PDF). CNS Spectrums. 9 (9): 679–685. doi:10.1017/S1092852900001954. ISSN 2165-6509. PMID 15337864. S2CID 8430710.
McLean, IA (February 2013). "The male victim of sexual assault". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 27 (1): 39–46. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.08.006. PMID 22951768.
Chivers, ML; Seto, MC; Lalumière, ML; Laan, E; Grimbos, T (February 2010). "Agreement of self-reported and genital measures of sexual arousal in men and women: a meta-analysis". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 39 (1): 5–56. doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9556-9. PMC 2811244. PMID 20049519.
Levin, RJ; van Berlo, W (April 2004). "Sexual arousal and orgasm in subjects who experience forced or non-consensual sexual stimulation – a review". Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine. 11 (2): 82–8. doi:10.1016/j.jcfm.2003.10.008. PMID 15261004.
Jina, R; Thomas, LS (February 2013). "Health consequences of sexual violence against women". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 27 (1): 15–26. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.08.012. PMID 22975432.
Walker, G (August 2015). "The (in)significance of genital injury in rape and sexual assault". Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 34: 173–8. doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2015.06.007. PMID 26165680.
Kennedy, K. M. (2012). "The Relationship of Victim Injury to the Progression of Sexual Crimes through the Criminal Justice System". Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 19 (6): 309–311. doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2012.04.033. hdl:10147/266322. PMID 22847045.
Epstein H, Jewkes R (2009-10-24). "The myth of the virgin rape myth". The Lancet. 374 (9699): 1419, author reply 1419–20. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61858-4. PMID 19854367. S2CID 33671635. "In the current South African case, this claim is predicated on racist assumptions about the amorality of African men..."
Grubb, Amy; Turner, Emily (2012-09-01). "Attribution of blame in rape cases: A review of the impact of rape myth acceptance, gender role conformity and substance use on victim blaming" (PDF). Aggression and Violent Behavior. 17 (5): 443–452. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2012.06.002.
Abrahms D.; Viky G.; Masser B.; Gerd B. (2003). "Perceptions of stranger and acquaintance rape: The role of benevolent and hostile sexism in victim blame and rape proclivity". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 84 (1): 111–125. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.111. PMID 12518974.
Amy M. Buddie; Arthur G. Miller (2001). "Beyond Rape Myths: A more complex view of perceptions of rape victims". Sex Roles. 45 (3/4): 139–160. doi:10.1023/A:1013575209803. S2CID 142661015. Archived from the original on 2013-05-09. PDF copy Archived 2012-01-18 at the Wayback Machine
Cybulska, Beata (2013). "Immediate medical care after sexual assault". Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 27 (1): 141–149. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.08.013. ISSN 1521-6934. PMID 23200638.^{[subscription required]}
Kennedy, K. M. (2013). "Heterogeneity of Existing Research Relating to Sexual Violence, Sexual Assault and Rape Precludes Meta-analysis of Injury Data". Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 20 (5): 447–459. doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2013.02.002. hdl:10147/296808. PMID 23756514.
Hockett, Jericho M.; Saucier, Donald A. (2015). "A systematic literature review of "rape victims" versus "rape survivors": Implications for theory, research, and practice". Aggression and Violent Behavior. 25: 1–14. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2015.07.003. ISSN 1359-1789.
Amin, Avni; MacMillan, Harriet; Garcia-Moreno, Claudia (2018-04-03). "Responding to children and adolescents who have been sexually abused: WHO recommendations". Paediatrics and International Child Health. 38 (2): 85–86. doi:10.1080/20469047.2018.1427179. ISSN 2046-9047. PMID 29493421. S2CID 3631696.
Chen, Melissa J.; Creinin, Mitchell D. (July 2015). "Mifepristone With Buccal Misoprostol for Medical Abortion: A Systematic Review". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 126 (1): 12–21. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000000897. ISSN 1873-233X. PMID 26241251. S2CID 20800109.
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Foubert J.D. (2000). "The Longitudinal Effects of a Rape-prevention Program on Fraternity Men's Attitudes, Behavioral Intent, and Behavior" (PDF). Journal of American College Health. 48 (4): 158–63. doi:10.1080/07448480009595691. PMID 10650733. S2CID 38521575.
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Johnson, David T. (2024). "Is rape a crime in Japan?". International Journal of Asian Studies: 1–16. doi:10.1017/S1479591423000554.
Lisak, David; Gardinier, Lori; Nicksa, Sarah C.; Cote, Ashley M. (2010-12-01). "False Allegations of Sexual Assault: An Analysis of Ten Years of Reported Cases". Violence Against Women. 16 (12): 1318–1334. doi:10.1177/1077801210387747. ISSN 1077-8012. PMID 21164210. S2CID 15377916.
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James, Mark (2005-10-20). "Remembering Rape: Divided Social Memory and the Red Army in Hungary 1944–1945". Past & Present (August 2005): 133–161. doi:10.1093/pastj/gti020. ISSN 1477-464X. S2CID 162539651.

economist.com

"Nobel committee shines a spotlight on rape in conflict". The Economist Magazine. Retrieved 27 May 2019.

equalitynow.org

"Zambia: End Sexual Violence in Schools". Equality Now.

escholarship.org

Chen, Melissa J.; Creinin, Mitchell D. (July 2015). "Mifepristone With Buccal Misoprostol for Medical Abortion: A Systematic Review". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 126 (1): 12–21. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000000897. ISSN 1873-233X. PMID 26241251. S2CID 20800109.

fbi.gov

Human Rights Watch No Escape: Male Rape In U.S. Prisons. Part VII. Anomaly or Epidemic: The Incidence of Prisoner-on-Prisoner Rape. Archived 2014-09-03 at the Wayback Machine; estimates that 100,000–140,000 violent male-male rapes occur in U.S. prisons annually; compare with FBI statistics Archived 2008-09-16 at the Wayback Machine that estimate 90,000 violent male-female rapes occur annually.
"Rape Definition Changed". FBI.

france24.com

"Access Asia – Japan: New legislation redefines rape, raises age of consent". 16 June 2023.

gegenwind.info

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ghostarchive.org

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glapn.org

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globalforumhealth.org

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greennetwork.asia

"New Bills Redefine Rape and Raise Japan's Age of Consent Green Network Asia". 5 July 2023.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Kennedy, K. M. (2012). "The Relationship of Victim Injury to the Progression of Sexual Crimes through the Criminal Justice System". Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 19 (6): 309–311. doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2012.04.033. hdl:10147/266322. PMID 22847045.
Kennedy, K. M. (2013). "Heterogeneity of Existing Research Relating to Sexual Violence, Sexual Assault and Rape Precludes Meta-analysis of Injury Data". Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 20 (5): 447–459. doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2013.02.002. hdl:10147/296808. PMID 23756514.

harvard.edu

innovations.harvard.edu

Lisak, David; Miller, Paul M. (February 2002). "Repeat rape and multiple offending among undetected rapists". Violence & Victims. 17 (1): 73–84. doi:10.1891/vivi.17.1.73.33638. PMID 11991158. S2CID 8401679. Pdf. Archived 2014-10-19 at the Wayback Machine

highbeam.com

business.highbeam.com

Amy M. Buddie; Arthur G. Miller (2001). "Beyond Rape Myths: A more complex view of perceptions of rape victims". Sex Roles. 45 (3/4): 139–160. doi:10.1023/A:1013575209803. S2CID 142661015. Archived from the original on 2013-05-09. PDF copy Archived 2012-01-18 at the Wayback Machine

hivguidelines.org

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homeoffice.gov.uk

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hrw.org

Human Rights Watch No Escape: Male Rape In U.S. Prisons. Part VII. Anomaly or Epidemic: The Incidence of Prisoner-on-Prisoner Rape. Archived 2014-09-03 at the Wayback Machine; estimates that 100,000–140,000 violent male-male rapes occur in U.S. prisons annually; compare with FBI statistics Archived 2008-09-16 at the Wayback Machine that estimate 90,000 violent male-female rapes occur annually.
"Japan's Not-So-Secret Shame | Human Rights Watch". 29 July 2018.

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independent.co.uk

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James, Mark (2005-10-20). "Remembering Rape: Divided Social Memory and the Red Army in Hungary 1944–1945". Past & Present (August 2005): 133–161. doi:10.1093/pastj/gti020. ISSN 1477-464X. S2CID 162539651.

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zoelodrick.co.uk

Note: One of the authors of the "Psychological consequences of sexual assault" article describes what she means by "friend" and "flop" in an article: Lodrick, Zoe (2007). "Psychological trauma – what every trauma worker should know". The British Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 4 (2). Friend: "Friend is the earliest defensive strategy available to us..... Throughout life when fearful most humans will activate their social engagement system (Porges, 1995). ... The social engagement system, or friend response to threat, is evident in the child who smiles or even laughs when being chastised." Flop: "Flop occurs if, and when, the freeze mechanism fails.... The survival purpose of the flop state is evident: if 'impact' is going to occur the likelihood of surviving it will be increased if the body yields, and psychologically, in the short-term at least, the situation will be more bearable if the higher brain functions are 'offline'."