Reconstruction era (English Wikipedia)

Foner, Eric (Winter 2009). "If Lincoln hadn't died ..." American Heritage Magazine. 58 (6). Archived from the original on June 16, 2012. Retrieved July 26, 2010.

americanyawp.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Locke, Joseph L.; Wright, Ben (2022). The American Yawp: A Massively Collaborative Open U.S. History Textbook. Stanford University Press. Archived from the original on August 21, 2022. Retrieved August 21, 2022.

andrewjohnson.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"President Johnson's Amnesty Proclamation". www.andrewjohnson.com. Retrieved March 7, 2025.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Foner (1988), p. xxv. Foner, Eric (1988). Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-015851-4. Pulitzer-prize winning history, and most detailed synthesis of original and previous scholarship.
Foner 1988, p. 582. Foner, Eric (1988). Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-015851-4. Pulitzer-prize winning history, and most detailed synthesis of original and previous scholarship.
Hunter (1997), pp. 21–73. Hunter, Tera W. (1997). To 'Joy My Freedom: Southern Black Women's Lives and Labors after the Civil War. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Blight, David W. (2001). Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674022096.
Hesseltine, William B. (1936). A History of the South, 1607–1936. New York: Prentice-Hall. pp. 573–574. OCLC 477679 – via Archive.org.
Foner (1988), pp. 273–276. Foner, Eric (1988). Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-015851-4. Pulitzer-prize winning history, and most detailed synthesis of original and previous scholarship.
Foner 1988, p. 223. Foner, Eric (1988). Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-015851-4. Pulitzer-prize winning history, and most detailed synthesis of original and previous scholarship.
Ayers, Edward L. (2007). The Promise of the New South: Life After Reconstruction (15th anniversary ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 418. ISBN 9780199724550 – via Archive.org.
Foner 1988, pp. 447–448. Foner, Eric (1988). Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-015851-4. Pulitzer-prize winning history, and most detailed synthesis of original and previous scholarship.
Guelzo (1999), pp. 290–291. Guelzo, Allen C. (1999). Abraham Lincoln: Redeemer President. W. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0802838728. 2nd ed. (2022).
Guelzo (1999), pp. 333–335. Guelzo, Allen C. (1999). Abraham Lincoln: Redeemer President. W. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0802838728. 2nd ed. (2022).
Guelzo (1999), p. 390. Guelzo, Allen C. (1999). Abraham Lincoln: Redeemer President. W. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0802838728. 2nd ed. (2022).
Hall, Clifton R. (1916). Andrew Johnson: military governor of Tennessee. Princeton University Press. p. 19. OCLC 259055353. Retrieved July 24, 2010 – via Archive.org.
Warner, Ezra J. (1992) [1964]. Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. p. 368. ISBN 978-0-8071-0822-2.
Hunter (1997), p. 34. Hunter, Tera W. (1997). To 'Joy My Freedom: Southern Black Women's Lives and Labors after the Civil War. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
McFeely (2002), pp. 198–207. McFeely, William S. (2002) [1981]. Grant: A Biography. New York City: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-01372-6. OCLC 6889578.
McKitrick, Eric L. (1988). Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 172. ISBN 9780195057072 – via Archive.org.
Hunter (1997), p. 67. Hunter, Tera W. (1997). To 'Joy My Freedom: Southern Black Women's Lives and Labors after the Civil War. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Hunter (1997). Hunter, Tera W. (1997). To 'Joy My Freedom: Southern Black Women's Lives and Labors after the Civil War. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Schouler, James (1913). History of the United States of America under the Constitution. Vol. 7: The Reconstruction Period (Revised ed.). New York: Kraus Reprints. pp. 43–57. OCLC 1540160. Retrieved July 3, 2010 – via Archive.org.
Rhodes (1920), v. 6: pp. 65–66. Rhodes, James F. (1920). History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 to the McKinley–Bryan Campaign of 1896. Highly detailed narrative by Pulitzer Prize winner; argues was a political disaster because it violated the rights of White Southerners.
- Volume: 6: 1865–72 (via Google Books)
- Rhodes (1920), v. 6: p. 68. Rhodes, James F. (1920). History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 to the McKinley–Bryan Campaign of 1896. Highly detailed narrative by Pulitzer Prize winner; argues was a political disaster because it violated the rights of White Southerners.
  - Volume: 6: 1865–72 (via Google Books)
  - Foner (1988), p. 278 Foner, Eric (1988). Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-015851-4. Pulitzer-prize winning history, and most detailed synthesis of original and previous scholarship.
  - Foner (1988), ch. 6. Foner, Eric (1988). Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-015851-4. Pulitzer-prize winning history, and most detailed synthesis of original and previous scholarship.
  - Foner (1988), ch. 6–7. Foner, Eric (1988). Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-015851-4. Pulitzer-prize winning history, and most detailed synthesis of original and previous scholarship.
  - Foner (1988), pp. 274–275. Foner, Eric (1988). Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-015851-4. Pulitzer-prize winning history, and most detailed synthesis of original and previous scholarship.
  - Rhodes (1920), v. 6: p. 199. Rhodes, James F. (1920). History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 to the McKinley–Bryan Campaign of 1896. Highly detailed narrative by Pulitzer Prize winner; argues was a political disaster because it violated the rights of White Southerners.
    - Volume: 6: 1865–72 (via Google Books)
    - Foner (1988), pp. 316–333. Foner, Eric (1988). Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-015851-4. Pulitzer-prize winning history, and most detailed synthesis of original and previous scholarship.
    - Foner (1988), pp. 323–325. Foner, Eric (1988). Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-015851-4. Pulitzer-prize winning history, and most detailed synthesis of original and previous scholarship.
    - Foner (1988), p. 324. Foner, Eric (1988). Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-015851-4. Pulitzer-prize winning history, and most detailed synthesis of original and previous scholarship.
    - Smith (2001), pp. 455–457. Smith, Jean Edward (2001). Grant. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-84927-5.
    - Smith (2001), pp. 437–453, 458–460. Smith, Jean Edward (2001). Grant. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-84927-5.
    - Smith (2001), p. 461. Smith, Jean Edward (2001). Grant. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-84927-5.
    - McFeely (2002), p. 284. McFeely, William S. (2002) [1981]. Grant: A Biography. New York City: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-01372-6. OCLC 6889578.
    - Smith (2001), pp. 543–545. Smith, Jean Edward (2001). Grant. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-84927-5.
    - Smith (2001), pp. 545–546; White (2016), p. 521. Smith, Jean Edward (2001). Grant. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-84927-5. White, Ronald C. (2016). American Ulysses: A Life of Ulysses S. Grant. Random House Publishing. ISBN 978-1-58836-992-5.
    - Smith (2001), p. 547. Smith, Jean Edward (2001). Grant. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-84927-5.
    - Smith (2001), pp. 547–548. Smith, Jean Edward (2001). Grant. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-84927-5.
    - Foner (1988), ch. 7. Foner, Eric (1988). Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-015851-4. Pulitzer-prize winning history, and most detailed synthesis of original and previous scholarship.
    - Foner (1988), pp. 354–355. Foner, Eric (1988). Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-015851-4. Pulitzer-prize winning history, and most detailed synthesis of original and previous scholarship.
    - Foner (1988), p. 93. Foner, Eric (1988). Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-015851-4. Pulitzer-prize winning history, and most detailed synthesis of original and previous scholarship.
    - Norwood, Fredrick A., ed. (1982). Sourcebook of American Methodism. Nashville: Abingdon. p. 323. ISBN 9780687391400 – via Archive.org.
    - Fallin, Wilson Jr. (2007). Uplifting the People: Three Centuries of Black Baptists in Alabama. Religion and American culture. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. pp. 52–53. ISBN 9780817380304 – via Archive.org.
    - Anderson (1988), p. 4. Anderson, James D. (1988). The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860–1935. University of North Carolina Press.
    - Foner (1988), pp. 365–368. Foner, Eric (1988). Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-015851-4. Pulitzer-prize winning history, and most detailed synthesis of original and previous scholarship.
    - Foner (1988), p. 387. Foner, Eric (1988). Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-015851-4. Pulitzer-prize winning history, and most detailed synthesis of original and previous scholarship.
    - Hasia R. Diner, A time for gathering : the second migration, 1820-1880 (1992) pp.60-85. online
    - The best source is Thomas C. Clark, Pills Petticoats and Plows: The Southern Country Store (1944) online
    - Foner (1988), p. 375. Foner, Eric (1988). Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-015851-4. Pulitzer-prize winning history, and most detailed synthesis of original and previous scholarship.
    - Foner (1988), p. 376. Foner, Eric (1988). Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-015851-4. Pulitzer-prize winning history, and most detailed synthesis of original and previous scholarship.
    - Foner (1988), pp. 415–416. Foner, Eric (1988). Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-015851-4. Pulitzer-prize winning history, and most detailed synthesis of original and previous scholarship.
    - Myers, Margaret G. (1970). A financial history of the United States. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 174–196. ISBN 9780231024426 – via Archive.org.
    - Studenski, Paul; Kroos, Herman E. (1963). Financial History of the United States (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. OCLC 492589832 – via Archive.org.
    - Unger, Irwin (1964). The Greenback Era: A Social and Political History of American Finance 1865–1879. Princeton University Press. OCLC 859833035 – via Archive.org.
    - Sharkey, Robert P. (1967). Money, Class, and Party: An Economic Study of Civil War and Reconstruction. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. OCLC 1458620 – via Archive.org.
    - Beale, Howard K. (1958). The Critical Year; A study of Andrew Johnson and reconstruction. New York: F. Ungar. p. 147. OCLC 458675179 – via Archive.org.
    - Beard, Charles A. & Beard, Mary R. (1927). The Rise of American Civilization. Vol. 2. New York: Macmillan. p. 54 – via Archive.org.
    - Hesseltine, William B. (1936). A History Of The South 1607 1936. pp. 578, 640.
    - Foner 1983, pp. 39–40. Foner, Eric (1983). Nothing But Freedom: Emancipation and its Legacy (pdf) (1st ed.). Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. pp. 39–40. ISBN 978-0-8071-1118-5. LCCN 83007906. OCLC 422767493. Retrieved February 14, 2025.
    - Du Bois, W. E. B. (1935). Black Reconstruction in America, 1860–1880. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company – via Archive.org.
    - Foner (1988), p. xxii. Foner, Eric (1988). Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-015851-4. Pulitzer-prize winning history, and most detailed synthesis of original and previous scholarship.
    - McFeely (2002), pp. 372–373, 424, 425. McFeely, William S. (2002) [1981]. Grant: A Biography. New York City: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-01372-6. OCLC 6889578.

archives.gov (Global: 319^th place; English: 166^th place)

"Transcript of the Proclamation". National Archives. October 6, 2015.
"19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Women's Right to Vote (1920)". National Archives. September 21, 2021. Retrieved February 18, 2025.

blueandgraytrail.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Abraham Lincoln". Blue and Gray Trail. Archived from the original on July 19, 2010. Retrieved July 21, 2010.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Rodrigue, John C. (2001). Reconstruction in the Cane Fields: From Slavery to Free Labor in Louisiana's Sugar Parishes, 1862–1880. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-8071-5263-8.
Guelzo (2018), pp. 11–12; Foner (2019), p. 198. Guelzo, Allen C. (2018). Reconstruction: A Concise History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0190865696. Archived from the original on April 7, 2023. Retrieved March 19, 2023. Foner, Eric (2019). The Second Founding: How the Civil War and Reconstruction Remade the Constitution. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-35852-0.
Downs (2012), p. 41. Downs, Jim (2012). Sick from Freedom: African-American Illness and Suffering during the Civil War and Reconstruction. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199758722 – via Google Books.
Alexander, Leslie M.; Rucker, Walter C. (2010). Encyclopedia of African American History. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 699. ISBN 978-1-85109-774-6.
Valelly, Richard M. (2004). The Two Reconstructions: The Struggle for Black Enfranchisement. University of Chicago Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-226-84530-2 – via Google Books.
Donald, David Herbert (1970). Charles Sumner and the Rights of Man. New York: Knopf. p. 201. ISBN 9780394418995 – via Google Books.
Randall & Donald (2016), p. 581. Randall, J. G.; Donald, David (2016). The Civil War and Reconstruction [Second Edition]. Pickle Partners Publishing. ISBN 978-1787200272.
Cimbala, Paul A.; Miller, Randall M. (2002). An uncommon time: the Civil War and the northern home front. North's Civil War (1st ed.). New York: Fordham University Press. pp. 285, 305. ISBN 9780823221950 – via Google Books.
Wagner, Gallagher & Finkelman (2002), pp. 735–736. Wagner, Margaret E.; Gallagher, Gary W.; Finkelman, Paul (2002). The Library of Congress Civil War Desk Reference. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4391-4884-6.
Guelzo (2004), p. 1. Guelzo, Allen C. (2004). Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4165-4795-2.
Downs (2012), p. 47. Downs, Jim (2012). Sick from Freedom: African-American Illness and Suffering during the Civil War and Reconstruction. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199758722 – via Google Books.
Smith, John David (2013). A Just and Lasting Peace: A Documentary History of Reconstruction. Penguin. p. 17. ISBN 9781101617465.
Billington, Ray Allen; Ridge, Martin (1981). American History After 1865. Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 3. ISBN 9780822600275.
Lincove, David A. (2000). Reconstruction in the United States: An Annotated Bibliography. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood. p. 80. ISBN 9780313291999. citing Randall, J. G.; Current, Richard N. (1955). Lincoln the President: Last Full Measure. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company. OCLC 5852442.
Teed, Paul E.; Ladd Teed, Melissa (2015). Reconstruction: A Reference Guide. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. pp. 51, 174 ff. ISBN 978-1-61069-533-6.. Foner (1988) entitles his sixth chapter "The Making of Radical Reconstruction". Benedict argues the Radical Republicans were conservative on many other issues, in: Benedict, Michael Les (1974). "Preserving the Constitution: The Conservative Basis of Radical Reconstruction". Journal of American History. 61 (1): 65–90. doi:10.2307/1918254. JSTOR 1918254.
Journal of the Senate of the State of West Virginia for the Sixth Session, Commencing January 21, 1868, Wheeling: John Frew, 1868, p. 10 – via Google Books
Cooper, William J. Jr.; Terrill, Thomas E. (2009). The American South: A History (4th ed.). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 436. ISBN 978-0-7425-6450-3.
Summers (2014), pp. 160–161. Summers, Mark Wahlgren (2014). The Ordeal of the Reunion: A New History of Reconstruction. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-1757-2. text search Archived March 20, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
Calhoun (2017), pp. 41–42. Calhoun, Charles W. (2017). The Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-2484-3. scholarly review and response by Calhoun at doi:10.14296/RiH/2014/2270
Montgomery, David (1967). Beyond Equality: Labor and the Radical Republicans, 1862–1872. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 130–133. ISBN 9780252008696. Retrieved October 9, 2020 – via Google Books.
Calhoun (2017), p. 55. Calhoun, Charles W. (2017). The Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-2484-3. scholarly review and response by Calhoun at doi:10.14296/RiH/2014/2270
Foner (2014a), pp. 243–244. Foner, Eric (2014a). "Introduction to the 2014 Anniversary Edition". Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–18 (Updated ed.). Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0062383235.
White (2016), p. 471. White, Ronald C. (2016). American Ulysses: A Life of Ulysses S. Grant. Random House Publishing. ISBN 978-1-58836-992-5.
Kahan (2018), p. 61. Kahan, Paul (2018). The Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant: Preserving the Civil War's Legacy. Westholme Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59416-273-2.
Chernow (2017), p. 629. Chernow, Ron (2017). Grant. New York: Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1-59420-487-6.
Chernow (2017), p. 628. Chernow, Ron (2017). Grant. New York: Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1-59420-487-6.
Brands (2012), pp. 435, 465; Chernow (2017), pp. 686–687; Simon (2002), p. 247. Brands, H. W. (2012). The Man Who Saved the Union: Ulysses S. Grant in War and Peace. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-53241-9. Chernow, Ron (2017). Grant. New York: Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1-59420-487-6. Simon, John Y. (2002). "Ulysses S. Grant". In Graff, Henry (ed.). The Presidents: A Reference History (7th ed.). Macmillan Library Reference USA. pp. 245–260. ISBN 0-684-80551-0.
Brands (2012), p. 465. Brands, H. W. (2012). The Man Who Saved the Union: Ulysses S. Grant in War and Peace. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-53241-9.
Brands (2012), p. 474. Brands, H. W. (2012). The Man Who Saved the Union: Ulysses S. Grant in War and Peace. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-53241-9.
Kahan (2018), pp. 64–65; Calhoun (2017), pp. 317–319. Kahan, Paul (2018). The Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant: Preserving the Civil War's Legacy. Westholme Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59416-273-2. Calhoun, Charles W. (2017). The Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-2484-3. scholarly review and response by Calhoun at doi:10.14296/RiH/2014/2270
Smith (2001), pp. 545–546; White (2016), p. 521. Smith, Jean Edward (2001). Grant. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-84927-5. White, Ronald C. (2016). American Ulysses: A Life of Ulysses S. Grant. Random House Publishing. ISBN 978-1-58836-992-5.
Kahan (2018), p. 66. Kahan, Paul (2018). The Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant: Preserving the Civil War's Legacy. Westholme Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59416-273-2.
Calhoun (2017), p. 324. Calhoun, Charles W. (2017). The Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-2484-3. scholarly review and response by Calhoun at doi:10.14296/RiH/2014/2270
Kahan (2018), p. 122. Kahan, Paul (2018). The Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant: Preserving the Civil War's Legacy. Westholme Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59416-273-2.
Wang (1997), p. 102; Kaczorowski (1995), p. 182. Wang, Xi (1997). The Trial of Democracy: Black Suffrage and Northern Republicans, 1860–1910. Athens: University of Georgia Press. ISBN 978-0-8203-4206-1. Kaczorowski, Robert J. (1995). "Federal Enforcement of Civil Rights During the First Reconstruction". Fordham Urban Law Journal. 23 (1): 155–186. ISSN 2163-5978. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
Chernow (2017), p. 746. Chernow, Ron (2017). Grant. New York: Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1-59420-487-6.
Kahan (2018), pp. 67–68; Chernow (2017), pp. 746. Kahan, Paul (2018). The Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant: Preserving the Civil War's Legacy. Westholme Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59416-273-2. Chernow, Ron (2017). Grant. New York: Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1-59420-487-6.
Chernow (2017), p. 795. Chernow, Ron (2017). Grant. New York: Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1-59420-487-6.
Calhoun (2017), p. 479. Calhoun, Charles W. (2017). The Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-2484-3. scholarly review and response by Calhoun at doi:10.14296/RiH/2014/2270
Stowell (1998), pp. 83–84. Stowell, Daniel W. (1998). Rebuilding Zion: The Religious Reconstruction of the South, 1863–1877. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-802621-1.
Grant, Donald Lee (1993). The Way It Was in the South: The Black Experience in Georgia. University of Georgia Press. p. 264. ISBN 978-0-8203-2329-9.
Stowell (1998), pp. 30–31. Stowell, Daniel W. (1998). Rebuilding Zion: The Religious Reconstruction of the South, 1863–1877. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-802621-1.
Tulloch, Hugh (1999). The Debate on the American Civil War Era. Manchester University Press. p. 226. ISBN 978-0-7190-4938-5.
Hofstadter, Richard (2012) [1968]. Progressive Historians. Knopf Doubleday. p. 303. ISBN 978-0-307-80960-5.
Summers (2014), p. 4. Summers, Mark Wahlgren (2014). The Ordeal of the Reunion: A New History of Reconstruction. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-1757-2. text search Archived March 20, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
Gardner, Sarah E. (2006). Blood and Irony: Southern White Women's Narratives of the Civil War, 1861–1937. University of North Carolina Press. pp. 128–130. ISBN 9780807857670.

cairn.info (Global: 574^th place; English: 2,035^th place)

Parfait (2009), pp. 440–441, 441n1. Parfait, Claire (2009). "Reconstruction Reconsidered: A Historiography of Reconstruction, from the Late Nineteenth Century to the 1960s". Études anglaises. 62 (4): 440–454. doi:10.3917/etan.624.0440. Archived from the original on January 18, 2022. Retrieved January 18, 2022 – via Cairn Info.

census.gov (Global: 18^th place; English: 18^th place)

www2.census.gov

"Table I. Population of the United States (by States and Territories) in the Aggregate and as White, Colored, Free Colored, Slave, Chinese, and Indian, at Each Census" (PDF). Population by States and Territories – 1790–1870. United States Census Bureau. 1872. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved October 20, 2007. The complete 1870 census documents are available from Census.gov Archived October 19, 2020, at the Wayback Machine.

census.gov

"Table I. Population of the United States (by States and Territories) in the Aggregate and as White, Colored, Free Colored, Slave, Chinese, and Indian, at Each Census" (PDF). Population by States and Territories – 1790–1870. United States Census Bureau. 1872. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved October 20, 2007. The complete 1870 census documents are available from Census.gov Archived October 19, 2020, at the Wayback Machine.

constitutioncenter.org (Global: 8,495^th place; English: 5,470^th place)

"Civil Rights Act of 1866, "An Act to protect all Persons in the United States in their Civil Rights, and furnish the Means of their Vindication" | Constitution Center". National Constitution Center – constitutioncenter.org. Retrieved September 11, 2025.

dash.harvard.edu (Global: 9,286^th place; English: 5,687^th place)

Goldin, Claudia D.; Lewis, Frank D. (June 1975). "The economic cost of the American Civil War: Estimates and implications" (PDF). The Journal of Economic History. 35 (2). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press: 299–326. doi:10.1017/S0022050700075070. JSTOR 2119410. S2CID 18760067. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 12, 2019.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Parfait (2009), pp. 440–441, 441n1. Parfait, Claire (2009). "Reconstruction Reconsidered: A Historiography of Reconstruction, from the Late Nineteenth Century to the 1960s". Études anglaises. 62 (4): 440–454. doi:10.3917/etan.624.0440. Archived from the original on January 18, 2022. Retrieved January 18, 2022 – via Cairn Info.
Stazak, Luke; Masur, Kate; Williams, Heather Andrea; Downs, Gregory P.; Glymph, Thavolia; Hahn, Steven; Foner, Eric (January 2015). "Eric Foner's 'Reconstruction' at Twenty-five". The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era. 14 (1). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press: 13–27. doi:10.1017/S1537781414000516. JSTOR 43903055. S2CID 162391933. Archived from the original on January 18, 2022. Retrieved January 18, 2022. Reconstruction is almost literally a landmark. It defines the territory.
Harlow, Luke E. (March 2017). "The Future of Reconstruction Studies". Journal of the Civil War Era. 7 (1). Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press: 3–6. doi:10.1353/cwe.2017.0001. ISSN 2159-9807. JSTOR 26070478. S2CID 164628161. Archived from the original on January 18, 2022. Retrieved January 18, 2022.
Brundage, Fitzhugh (March 2017). "Reconstruction in the South". Journal of the Civil War Era. 7 (1). Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. doi:10.1353/cwe.2017.0002. S2CID 159753820. Archived from the original on January 18, 2022. Retrieved January 18, 2022.
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Kolchin, Peter (1967). "The Business Press and Reconstruction, 1865–1868". Journal of Southern History. 33 (2): 183–196. doi:10.2307/2204965. JSTOR 2204965.
Tyack, David; Lowe, Robert (1986). "The constitutional moment: Reconstruction and Black education in the South". American Journal of Education. 94 (2): 236–256. doi:10.1086/443844. JSTOR 1084950. S2CID 143849662.
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Williams (1946), p. 473. Williams, T. Harry (November 1946). "An Analysis of Some Reconstruction Attitudes". Journal of Southern History. 12 (4): 469–486. doi:10.2307/2197687. JSTOR 2197687.
Williams (1946). Williams, T. Harry (November 1946). "An Analysis of Some Reconstruction Attitudes". Journal of Southern History. 12 (4): 469–486. doi:10.2307/2197687. JSTOR 2197687.
Hesseltine, William B. (1935). "Economic Factors in the Abandonment of Reconstruction". Mississippi Valley Historical Review. 22 (2): 191–210. doi:10.2307/1898466. JSTOR 1898466.
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Tyack, David; Lowe, Robert (1986). "The constitutional moment: Reconstruction and Black education in the South". American Journal of Education. 94 (2): 236–256. doi:10.1086/443844. JSTOR 1084950. S2CID 143849662.
Knight, Matthew (2017). "The Irish Republic: Reconstructing Liberty, Right Principles, and the Fenian Brotherhood". Éire-Ireland. 52 (3 & 4). Irish-American Cultural Institute: 252–271. doi:10.1353/eir.2017.0029. S2CID 159525524. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
Quigley, David (January 2008). "Constitutional Revision and the City: The Enforcement Acts and Urban America, 1870–1894". Journal of Policy History. 20 (1): 64–75. doi:10.1353/jph.0.0001. S2CID 153347617.
Blair (2005), p. 400. Blair, William (2005). "The use of military force to protect the gains of reconstruction". Civil War History. 51 (4): 388–402. doi:10.1353/cwh.2005.0055. S2CID 144025738.
Taylor, A. A. (January 1938). "Historians of the Reconstruction". The Journal of Negro History. 23 (1): 16–34. doi:10.2307/2714704. JSTOR 2714704. S2CID 150066533.
Pressly, Thomas J. (1961). "Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction (review)". Civil War History. 7: 91–92. doi:10.1353/cwh.1961.0063. S2CID 144355361.
Whaples, Robert (March 1995). "Where Is There Consensus Among American Economic Historians? The Results of a Survey on Forty Propositions". The Journal of Economic History. 55 (1): 139–154. doi:10.1017/S0022050700040602. JSTOR 2123771. S2CID 145691938.
Etcheson, Nicole (June 2009). "Reconstruction and the Making of a Free-Labor South". Reviews in American History. 37 (2): 236–242. doi:10.1353/rah.0.0101. S2CID 146573684.

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tennessee.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,219th place)

trace.tennessee.edu

tennesseeencyclopedia.net (Global: 5,977th place; English: 3,257th place)

theatlantic.com (Global: 322nd place; English: 198th place)

thenation.com (Global: 1,926th place; English: 1,038th place)

time.com (Global: 84th place; English: 63rd place)

ucf.edu (Global: 6,874th place; English: 3,742nd place)

stars.library.ucf.edu

uchicago.edu (Global: 226th place; English: 199th place)

journals.uchicago.edu

press.uchicago.edu

ucsb.edu (Global: 1,099th place; English: 630th place)

presidency.ucsb.edu

uh.edu (Global: 4,344th place; English: 2,634th place)

digitalhistory.uh.edu

uky.edu (Global: 3,287th place; English: 1,839th place)

uknowledge.uky.edu

umich.edu (Global: 429th place; English: 307th place)

quod.lib.umich.edu

name.umdl.umich.edu

unl.edu (Global: 1,697th place; English: 926th place)

digitalcommons.unl.edu

usg.edu (Global: 6,162nd place; English: 3,046th place)

georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu

aeaweb.org (Global: 6,755^th place; English: 4,653^rd place)

amazon.com (Global: 159^th place; English: 105^th place)

americanheritage.com (Global: 3,518^th place; English: 2,215^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

archives.gov (Global: 319^th place; English: 166^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

cairn.info (Global: 574^th place; English: 2,035^th place)

census.gov (Global: 18^th place; English: 18^th place)

constitutioncenter.org (Global: 8,495^th place; English: 5,470^th place)

dash.harvard.edu (Global: 9,286^th place; English: 5,687^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

fordham.edu (Global: 2,122^nd place; English: 1,444^th place)

georgiaencyclopedia.org (Global: 3,711^th place; English: 2,175^th place)

go.com (Global: 97^th place; English: 79^th place)

gutenberg.org (Global: 629^th place; English: 427^th place)

history.com (Global: 852^nd place; English: 715^th place)

house.gov (Global: 501^st place; English: 234^th place)

jhu.edu (Global: 560^th place; English: 313^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

loc.gov (Global: 63^rd place; English: 47^th place)

nps.gov (Global: 79^th place; English: 40^th place)

npshistory.com (Global: 6,860^th place; English: 3,400^th place)

okhistory.org (Global: 3,096^th place; English: 1,527^th place)

okstate.edu (Global: 2,678^th place; English: 1,507^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

senate.gov (Global: 707^th place; English: 398^th place)

si.edu (Global: 256^th place; English: 197^th place)

slate.com (Global: 409^th place; English: 260^th place)

snopes.com (Global: 1,669^th place; English: 1,125^th place)

ssrn.com (Global: 907^th place; English: 529^th place)

tennessee.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,219^th place)

tennesseeencyclopedia.net (Global: 5,977^th place; English: 3,257^th place)

theatlantic.com (Global: 322^nd place; English: 198^th place)

thenation.com (Global: 1,926^th place; English: 1,038^th place)

time.com (Global: 84^th place; English: 63^rd place)

ucf.edu (Global: 6,874^th place; English: 3,742^nd place)

uchicago.edu (Global: 226^th place; English: 199^th place)

ucsb.edu (Global: 1,099^th place; English: 630^th place)

uh.edu (Global: 4,344^th place; English: 2,634^th place)

uky.edu (Global: 3,287^th place; English: 1,839^th place)

umich.edu (Global: 429^th place; English: 307^th place)

unl.edu (Global: 1,697^th place; English: 926^th place)

usg.edu (Global: 6,162^nd place; English: 3,046^th place)

virginia.edu (Global: 1,203^rd place; English: 734^th place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35^th place; English: 24^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)