Red-winged blackbird (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Red-winged blackbird" in English language version.

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allaboutbirds.org

"Red-winged Blackbird Identification". All About Birds. Cornell Lab of Ornithology.

animaldiversity.org

Rosenthal, Anthony. "Agelaius phoeniceus (red-winged blackbird)". Animal Diversity Web.

archive.org

Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 36, 303. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Sibley, David Allen (2000). "Red-winged blackbird". The Sibley Guide to Birds. Alfred Knopf. p. 513. ISBN 0-679-45122-6.
Terres, J. K. (1980). The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of North American Birds. New York, NY: Knopf. p. 938. ISBN 0-394-46651-9.

assateague.com

"Red-winged Blackbird". Assateague.com. May 25, 2005. Retrieved November 13, 2012.

avianweb.com

"Red-winged Blackbirds". Avianweb. Archived from the original on December 1, 2011.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"Chicago locals beware the birds". BBC News. June 24, 2008.

biodiversitylibrary.org

Linnaeus, C (1766). "phoeniceus". Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio duodecima, reformata (in Latin). Vol. v. 1, pt. 1. Holmiae. (Laurentii Salvii). p. 161.
Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1968). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 14. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 171.

bnf.fr

gallica.bnf.fr

Vieillot, Louis-Pierre (1816). "Troupiale, Agelaius Oriolus". Analyse D'Une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire [A New Analysis of Elementary Ornithology] (in French). p. 33.

books.google.com

Peterson, Roger Tory (1999). "Red-winged blackbird". A Field Guide to the Birds: Eastern and Central North America. HMCo Field Guides. p. 230. ISBN 0-395-96371-0.

cornell.edu

bna.birds.cornell.edu

Yasukawa, Ken; Searcy, William A. (1995). A. Poole (ed.). "Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus)". Birds of North America Online. Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved November 13, 2012.

birds.cornell.edu

"Downloadable Checklist". Clements Checklist.

doi.org

BirdLife International (2018). "Agelaius phoeniceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22724191A132027891. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22724191A132027891.en. Retrieved November 11, 2021.
Holm, Celia Haigh (1973). "Breeding sex ratios, territoriality, and reproductive success in the red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus)". Ecology. 54 (2): 356–65. Bibcode:1973Ecol...54..356H. doi:10.2307/1934343. JSTOR 1934343.
Howell, Arthur H.; Rossem, A.J. Van (1928). "A study of the red-winged blackbirds of Southeastern United States" (PDF). Auk. 45 (2 (April–June)): 155–163 [157]. doi:10.2307/4074758. JSTOR 4074758.
Powell, A.F.L.A.; Barker, F.K.; Lanyon, S.M.; Burns, K.J.; Klicka, J.; Lovette, I.J. (2014). "A comprehensive species-level molecular phylogeny of the New World blackbirds (Icteridae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 71: 94–112. Bibcode:2014MolPE..71...94P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.009. PMID 24291659.
Remsen, J.V. Jr.; Powell, A.F.L.A.; Schodde, R.; Barker, F.K.; Lanyon, S.M. (2016). "A revised classification of the Icteridae (Aves) based on DNA sequence data". Zootaxa. 4093 (2): 285–292. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4093.2.9. PMID 27394496.
Yasukawa, K.; Searcy, W.A. (2020). Rodewald, P.G. (ed.). "Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), version 1.0". Birds of the World. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.rewbla.01. S2CID 216403807. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
Banks, Richard C.; Fitzpatrick, John W.; Howell, Thomas R.; Johnson, Ned K.; Monroe, Burt L.; Ouellet, Henri; Remsen, J. V.; Storer, Robert W. (1997). "Forty-First Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North American Birds". The Auk. 114 (3): 542–552. doi:10.2307/4089270. JSTOR 4089270.
Searcy, William A. (1979). "Morphological Correlates of Dominance in Captive Male Red-Winged Blackbirds". The Condor. 81 (4): 417–20. doi:10.2307/1366971. JSTOR 1366971.
Blank, J. L.; Nolan, V. (1983). "Offspring sex ratio in red-winged blackbirds is dependent on maternal age". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 80 (19): 6141–6145. Bibcode:1983PNAS...80.6141B. doi:10.1073/pnas.80.19.6141. PMC 534377. PMID 16593379.
Johnsen, Torgeir S.; Blank, James L.; Yasukawa, Ken; Nolan, Val (April 1996). "Epaulet Brightness and Condition in Female Red-Winged Blackbirds". The Auk. 113 (2): 356–62. doi:10.2307/4088902. JSTOR 4088902.
Wright, Philip L.; Wright, Margaret H. (1944). "The Reproductive Cycle of the Male Red-Winged Blackbird". The Condor. 46 (2): 46–59. doi:10.2307/1364305. JSTOR 1364305.
Beletsky, Les D.; Orians, Gordon H. (1989). "Red Bands and Red-Winged Blackbirds". The Condor. 91 (4): 993–5. doi:10.2307/1368088. JSTOR 1368088.
Irwin, Rebecca E. (1994). "The Evolution of Plumage Dichromatism in the New World Blackbirds: Social Selection on Female Brightness". The American Naturalist. 144 (6): 890–907. doi:10.1086/285717. JSTOR 2463134. S2CID 83970114.
Searcy, William A. (1979). "Sexual Selection and Body Size in Male Red-Winged Blackbirds". Evolution. 33 (2): 649–61. doi:10.2307/2407788. JSTOR 2407788. PMID 28563937.
McGraw, Kevin J.; Wakamatsu, Kazumasa; Clark, Anne B.; Yasukawa, Ken (November 2004). "Red-winged blackbirds Agelaius phoeniceus use carotenoid and melanin pigments to color their epaulets". Journal of Avian Biology. 35 (6): 543–50. doi:10.1111/j.0908-8857.2004.03345.x. JSTOR 3677559.
Johnson, K. P. (September 1, 2000). "Evolutionary changes in color patches of blackbirds are associated with marsh nesting". Behavioral Ecology. 11 (5): 515–9. doi:10.1093/beheco/11.5.515.
Shutler, Dave; Weatherhead, PatrickJ. (April 1991). "Owner and floater red-winged blackbirds: determinants of status". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 28 (4). doi:10.1007/BF00175095. S2CID 20974389.
Røskaft, Eivin; Rohwer, Sievert (August 1987). "An experimental study of the function of the red epaulettes and the black body colour of male red-winged blackbirds". Animal Behaviour. 35 (4): 1070–7. doi:10.1016/S0003-3472(87)80164-1. S2CID 53155617.
Eckert, Christopher G.; Weatherhead, Patrick J. (January 1987). "Ideal dominance distributions: a test using red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus)". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 20 (1): 43–52. doi:10.1007/BF00292165. S2CID 24437017.
Smith, Douglas G. (1972). "The Role of the Epaulets in the Red-Winged Blackbird, (Agelaius phoeniceus) Social System". Behaviour. 41 (3/4): 251–68. doi:10.1163/156853972X00040. JSTOR 4533440.
Meanley, Brooke; Bond, Gorman M. (1970). "Molts and Plumages of the Red-Winged Blackbird with Particular Reference to Fall Migration". Bird-Banding. 41 (1): 22–7. doi:10.2307/4511620. JSTOR 4511620.
Westneat, David F.; Hasselquist, Dennis; Wingfield, John C. (February 15, 2003). "Tests of association between the humoral immune response of red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and male plumage, testosterone, or reproductive success". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 53 (5): 315–23. doi:10.1007/s00265-003-0579-2. S2CID 25197617.
Wiens, John A.; Dyer, Melvin I. (1975). "Simulation Modelling of Red-Winged Blackbird Impact on Grain Crops". Journal of Applied Ecology. 12 (1): 63–82. Bibcode:1975JApEc..12...63W. doi:10.2307/2401718. JSTOR 2401718.
Weatherhead, Patrick J (November 7, 2005). "Long-term decline in a red-winged blackbird population: ecological causes and sexual selection consequences". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 272 (1578): 2313–7. doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3211. PMC 1560188. PMID 16191645.
Pribil, Stanislav (December 1, 1998). "Reproductive success is a misleading indicator of nest-site preferences in the Red-winged Blackbird". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 76 (12): 2227–34. doi:10.1139/z98-180.
Turner, Andrew M.; McCarty, John P. (December 5, 1997). "Resource availability, breeding site selection, and reproductive success of red-winged blackbirds". Oecologia. 113 (1): 140–6. Bibcode:1997Oecol.113..140T. doi:10.1007/s004420050362. PMID 28307289. S2CID 19761820.
Brenowitz, Eliot A. (February 1982). "Long-range communication of species identity by song in the Red-winged Blackbird". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 10 (1): 29–38. doi:10.1007/BF00296393. S2CID 11848646.
Srygley, Robert B.; Kingsolver, Joel G. (May 1998). "Red-wing blackbird reproductive behaviour and the palatability, flight performance, and morphology of temperate pierid butterflies (Colias, Pieris, and Pontia)". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 64 (1): 41–55. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1998.tb01532.x.
Weatherhead, Patrick J. (April 15, 2005). "Effects of climate variation on timing of nesting, reproductive success, and offspring sex ratios of red-winged blackbirds". Oecologia. 144 (1): 168–75. Bibcode:2005Oecol.144..168W. doi:10.1007/s00442-005-0009-4. PMID 15891814. S2CID 29990793.
Beletsky, Les D.; Orians, Gordon H. (1991). "Effects of Breeding Experience and Familiarity on Site Fidelity in Female Red-Winged Blackbirds". Ecology. 72 (3): 787–96. Bibcode:1991Ecol...72..787B. doi:10.2307/1940581. JSTOR 1940581.
Cristol, Daniel A. (1995). "Early arrival, initiation of nesting, and social status: an experimental study of breeding female red-winged blackbirds". Behavioral Ecology. 6 (1): 87–93. doi:10.1093/beheco/6.1.87.
Dyer, M. I. (September 1, 1967). "An Analysis of Blackbird Flock Feeding Behavior". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 45 (5): 765–72. doi:10.1139/z67-087.
Knight, Richard L.; Kim, Sooil; Temple, Stanley A. (May 1985). "Predation of Red-Winged Blackbird Nests by Mink". The Condor. 87 (2): 304. doi:10.2307/1366906. JSTOR 1366906.
Pribil, S.; Picman, Jaroslav (March 26, 1996). "Polygyny in the red-winged blackbird: do females prefer monogamy or polygamy?". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 38 (3): 183–90. doi:10.1007/s002650050231. S2CID 6869438.
Knight, Richard L.; Temple, Stanley A. (1988). "Nest-Defense Behavior in the Red-Winged Blackbird". The Condor. 90 (1): 193–200. doi:10.2307/1368448. JSTOR 1368448.
Kroodsma, Donald E.; Verner, Jared (2020). "Marsh Wren (Cistothorus palustris)". In Poole, Alan F (ed.). Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.marwre.01. S2CID 216232817.
Weatherhead, Patrick J.; Sommerer, Sophie J. (June 2001). "Breeding synchrony and nest predation in red-winged blackbirds". Ecology. 82 (6): 1632–41. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[1632:BSANPI]2.0.CO;2.
Beletsky, L. D. (August 1, 1991). "Alert calls of male Red-winged Blackbirds: call rate and function". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 69 (8): 2116–20. doi:10.1139/z91-295.
Picman, Jaroslav (August 1, 1983). "Aggression by red-winged blackbirds towards marsh wrens". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 61 (8): 1896–9. doi:10.1139/z83-246.
Weatherhead, Patrick J. (April 1995). "Effects on female reproductive success of familiarity and experience among male red-winged blackbirds". Animal Behaviour. 49 (4): 967–76. doi:10.1006/anbe.1995.0126. S2CID 53148169.
Dufour, Kevin W.; Weatherhead, Patrick J. (1998). "Bilateral symmetry as an indicator of male quality in red-winged blackbirds: associations with measures of health, viability, and parental effort". Behavioral Ecology. 9 (3): 220–31. doi:10.1093/beheco/9.3.220.
Weatherhead, Patrick J.; Metz, Karen J.; Bennett, Gordon F.; Irwin, Rebecca E. (July 1993). "Parasite faunas, testosterone and secondary sexual traits in male red-winged blackbirds". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 33 (1): 13–23. doi:10.1007/BF00164342. S2CID 25867476.
Beletsky, Les D.; Orians, Gordon H. (1987). "Territoriality among Male Red-Winged Blackbirds: I. Site Fidelity and Movement Patterns". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 20 (1): 21–34. doi:10.1007/BF00292163. JSTOR 4599988. S2CID 35365861.
Wasser, D. E.; Sherman, P. W. (February 2010). "Avian longevities and their interpretation under evolutionary theories of senescence". Journal of Zoology. 280 (2): 103–55. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.459.5698. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00671.x.
McNicol, Donald K.; Robertson, Raleigh J.; Weatherhead, Patrick J. (December 1, 1982). "Seasonal, habitat, and sex-specific food habits of red-winged blackbirds: implications for agriculture". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 60 (12): 3282–9. doi:10.1139/z82-415.
Mott, Donald F.; West, Richard R.; De Grazio, John W.; Guarino, Joseph L. (1972). "Foods of the Red-Winged Blackbird in Brown County, South Dakota". The Journal of Wildlife Management. 36 (3): 983–7. doi:10.2307/3799465. JSTOR 3799465.
Bendell, Barry E.; Weatherhead, Patrick J.; Stewart, Robin K. (August 1, 1981). "The impact of predation by red-winged blackbirds on European corn borer populations". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 59 (8): 1535–8. doi:10.1139/z81-208.
Clark, Robert G.; Weatherhead, Patrick J.; Greenwood, Hamilton; Titman, Rodger D. (September 1, 1986). "Numerical responses of red-winged blackbird populations to changes in regional land-use patterns". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 64 (9): 1944–50. doi:10.1139/z86-292.
Homan, H. J.; Linz, G. M.; Engeman, R. M.; Penry, L. B. (April 1, 2004). "Spring Dispersal Patterns of Red-winged Blackbirds, Agelaius phoeniceus, Staging in Eastern South Dakota". The Canadian Field-Naturalist. 118 (2): 201. doi:10.22621/cfn.v118i2.914.
Dolbeer, R. A. (April 3, 2008). "Ornithology and integrated pest management: Red-winged Blackbirds Agelaius phoeniceus and corn". Ibis. 132 (2): 309–22. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1990.tb01048.x.
De Grazio, John W.; Besser, Jerome F.; DeCino, Thomas J.; Guarino, Joseph L.; Starr, Robert I. (1971). "Use of 4-Aminopyridine to Protect Ripening Corn from Blackbirds". The Journal of Wildlife Management. 35 (3): 565–9. doi:10.2307/3799716. JSTOR 3799716.
Dolbeer, Richard A.; Ingram, Charles R.; Seubert, John L.; Stickley, Allen R.; Mitchell, Robert T. (1976). "4-Aminopyridine Effectiveness in Sweet Corn Related to Blackbird Population Density". The Journal of Wildlife Management. 40 (3): 564–70. doi:10.2307/3799961. JSTOR 3799961.
De Grazio, John W.; Besser, Jerome F.; DeCino, Thomas J.; Guarino, Joseph L.; Schafer, Edward W. (1972). "Protecting Ripening Corn from Blackbirds by Broadcasting 4-Aminopyridine Baits". The Journal of Wildlife Management. 36 (4): 1316–20. doi:10.2307/3799274. JSTOR 3799274.
Holcomb, Larry C. (1970). "Prolonged Incubation Behaviour of Red-Winged Blackbird Incubating Several Egg Sizes". Behaviour. 36 (1/2): 74–83. doi:10.1163/156853970X00051. JSTOR 4533320.
Stone, Ward B.; Overmann, Stephen R.; Okoniewski, Joseph C. (August 1984). "Intentional Poisoning of Birds with Parathion". The Condor. 86 (3): 333. doi:10.2307/1367004. JSTOR 1367004.

dtic.mil

apps.dtic.mil

Besser, Jerome F.; Brady, Daniel J. (1986). Bird Damage to Ripening Field Corn Increases in the United States from 1971 to 1981. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service.

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Weshki-ayaad, Lippert & Gambill. "Freelang Ojibwe Dictionary". Retrieved July 9, 2008.

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"Info" (PDF). www.fs.fed.us. Retrieved May 19, 2020.

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hdl.handle.net

Miskimen, Mildred (September 1980). "Red-Winged Blackbirds: II. Pigmentation in Epaulets of Females". The Ohio Journal of Science. 80 (5): 236–9. hdl:1811/22726.
Carpenter, Michael L.; Fall, Michael W. (September 1967). "The Barn Owl as a Red-Winged-Blackbird Predator in Northwestern Ohio". The Ohio Journal of Science. 67 (5): 317–8. hdl:1811/5338.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Holm, Celia Haigh (1973). "Breeding sex ratios, territoriality, and reproductive success in the red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus)". Ecology. 54 (2): 356–65. Bibcode:1973Ecol...54..356H. doi:10.2307/1934343. JSTOR 1934343.
Powell, A.F.L.A.; Barker, F.K.; Lanyon, S.M.; Burns, K.J.; Klicka, J.; Lovette, I.J. (2014). "A comprehensive species-level molecular phylogeny of the New World blackbirds (Icteridae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 71: 94–112. Bibcode:2014MolPE..71...94P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.009. PMID 24291659.
Blank, J. L.; Nolan, V. (1983). "Offspring sex ratio in red-winged blackbirds is dependent on maternal age". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 80 (19): 6141–6145. Bibcode:1983PNAS...80.6141B. doi:10.1073/pnas.80.19.6141. PMC 534377. PMID 16593379.
Wiens, John A.; Dyer, Melvin I. (1975). "Simulation Modelling of Red-Winged Blackbird Impact on Grain Crops". Journal of Applied Ecology. 12 (1): 63–82. Bibcode:1975JApEc..12...63W. doi:10.2307/2401718. JSTOR 2401718.
Turner, Andrew M.; McCarty, John P. (December 5, 1997). "Resource availability, breeding site selection, and reproductive success of red-winged blackbirds". Oecologia. 113 (1): 140–6. Bibcode:1997Oecol.113..140T. doi:10.1007/s004420050362. PMID 28307289. S2CID 19761820.
Weatherhead, Patrick J. (April 15, 2005). "Effects of climate variation on timing of nesting, reproductive success, and offspring sex ratios of red-winged blackbirds". Oecologia. 144 (1): 168–75. Bibcode:2005Oecol.144..168W. doi:10.1007/s00442-005-0009-4. PMID 15891814. S2CID 29990793.
Beletsky, Les D.; Orians, Gordon H. (1991). "Effects of Breeding Experience and Familiarity on Site Fidelity in Female Red-Winged Blackbirds". Ecology. 72 (3): 787–96. Bibcode:1991Ecol...72..787B. doi:10.2307/1940581. JSTOR 1940581.

huffingtonpost.com

Rosenberg, Martha (January 8, 2012). "Who Would Kill Blackbirds Intentionally?". Huffington Post. Retrieved April 15, 2013.

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Richard Dolbeer (2008). "Blackbirds and their Biology". Internet Center for Wildlife Damage Management. Archived from the original on July 3, 2014. Retrieved April 16, 2013.

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Peterson, Sarah; Parkin, Christopher; Wiley, LaRae (2013). n̓səl̓xcin 2: An Intermediate Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish (PDF). Salish School of Spokane. p. 270.

itis.gov

"Agelaius phoeniceus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved June 30, 2008.

iucnredlist.org

BirdLife International (2018). "Agelaius phoeniceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22724191A132027891. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22724191A132027891.en. Retrieved November 11, 2021.

jstor.org

Holm, Celia Haigh (1973). "Breeding sex ratios, territoriality, and reproductive success in the red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus)". Ecology. 54 (2): 356–65. Bibcode:1973Ecol...54..356H. doi:10.2307/1934343. JSTOR 1934343.
Howell, Arthur H.; Rossem, A.J. Van (1928). "A study of the red-winged blackbirds of Southeastern United States" (PDF). Auk. 45 (2 (April–June)): 155–163 [157]. doi:10.2307/4074758. JSTOR 4074758.
Garrido, Orlando; Kirkconnell, Arturo (1996). "Taxonomic Status of the Cuban Form of the Red-Winged Blackbird". The Wilson Bulletin. 108 (2): 372–4. JSTOR 4163690.
Banks, Richard C.; Fitzpatrick, John W.; Howell, Thomas R.; Johnson, Ned K.; Monroe, Burt L.; Ouellet, Henri; Remsen, J. V.; Storer, Robert W. (1997). "Forty-First Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North American Birds". The Auk. 114 (3): 542–552. doi:10.2307/4089270. JSTOR 4089270.
Searcy, William A. (1979). "Morphological Correlates of Dominance in Captive Male Red-Winged Blackbirds". The Condor. 81 (4): 417–20. doi:10.2307/1366971. JSTOR 1366971.
Crawford, Richard D. (1977). "Breeding Biology of Year-Old and Older Female Red-Winged and Yellow-Headed Blackbirds". The Wilson Bulletin. 89 (1): 73–80. JSTOR 4160871.
Johnsen, Torgeir S.; Blank, James L.; Yasukawa, Ken; Nolan, Val (April 1996). "Epaulet Brightness and Condition in Female Red-Winged Blackbirds". The Auk. 113 (2): 356–62. doi:10.2307/4088902. JSTOR 4088902.
Wright, Philip L.; Wright, Margaret H. (1944). "The Reproductive Cycle of the Male Red-Winged Blackbird". The Condor. 46 (2): 46–59. doi:10.2307/1364305. JSTOR 1364305.
Beletsky, Les D.; Orians, Gordon H. (1989). "Red Bands and Red-Winged Blackbirds". The Condor. 91 (4): 993–5. doi:10.2307/1368088. JSTOR 1368088.
Irwin, Rebecca E. (1994). "The Evolution of Plumage Dichromatism in the New World Blackbirds: Social Selection on Female Brightness". The American Naturalist. 144 (6): 890–907. doi:10.1086/285717. JSTOR 2463134. S2CID 83970114.
Searcy, William A.; Yasukawa, Ken (1983). "Sexual Selection and Red-winged Blackbirds: Variation among individuals in mating success has played an important role in the evolution of sexual dimorphism". American Scientist. 71 (2): 166–74. JSTOR 27851900.
Searcy, William A. (1979). "Sexual Selection and Body Size in Male Red-Winged Blackbirds". Evolution. 33 (2): 649–61. doi:10.2307/2407788. JSTOR 2407788. PMID 28563937.
McGraw, Kevin J.; Wakamatsu, Kazumasa; Clark, Anne B.; Yasukawa, Ken (November 2004). "Red-winged blackbirds Agelaius phoeniceus use carotenoid and melanin pigments to color their epaulets". Journal of Avian Biology. 35 (6): 543–50. doi:10.1111/j.0908-8857.2004.03345.x. JSTOR 3677559.
Smith, Douglas G. (1972). "The Role of the Epaulets in the Red-Winged Blackbird, (Agelaius phoeniceus) Social System". Behaviour. 41 (3/4): 251–68. doi:10.1163/156853972X00040. JSTOR 4533440.
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