Red deer (English Wikipedia)

Pitra, Christian; Fickel, Joerns; Meijaard, Erik; Groves, Colin (2004). "Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33 (3): 880–95. Bibcode:2004MolPE..33..880P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.013. PMID 15522810. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 June 2007.

archive.org

Macdonald, D.W.; Barrett, P. (1993). Mammals of Europe. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-09160-9.

archives-ouvertes.fr

hal.archives-ouvertes.fr

Croitor, Roman (2018). Plio-Pleistocene deer of Western Palearctic : taxonomy, systematics, phylogeny. Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova. ISBN 978-9975-66-609-1. OCLC 1057238213.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Cross-breeding 'threat' to deer. BBC News. 22 January 2009

bds.org.uk

Deer Distribution. Red Deer 2000—2007 Archived 23 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine. The British Deer Society

berkeley.edu

ucmp.berkeley.edu

"The Ecology of Red Deer". Deer-UK. Archived from the original on 23 June 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2006.

books.google.com

Geist, Valerius (1998). Deer of the world: their evolution, behaviour, and ecology. Stackpole Books. p. 202. ISBN 0-8117-0496-3.
Hall, Brian K. (2005). "Antlers". Bones and Cartilage: Developmental and Evolutionary Skeletal Biology. Academic Press. pp. 103–114. ISBN 0-12-319060-6. Retrieved 8 November 2010.
Whitehead, George Kenneth (1964). The deer of Great Britain and Ireland: an account of their history, status and distribution. Routledge & K. Paul.
George Kenneth Whitehead (1993). The Whitehead encyclopedia of deer. Swan Hill Press. ISBN 978-1-85310-362-9.
Logan, Peter Charles; Harris, Lynn Herbert (1967). Introduction and establishment of red deer in New Zealand. N.Z. Forest Service.

daf.qld.gov.au

"Feral Red Deer" (PDF). The State of Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries. 2022.

docs.google.com

Walker, M. D. (2016). "Headhunting: The distribution of wild deer in Britain". British Naturalist (Spring/Summer): 5–15.

doi.org

Lovari, S.; Lorenzini, R.; Masseti, M.; Pereladova, O.; Carden, R.F.; Brook, S.M. & Mattioli, S. (2019) [errata version of 2018 assessment]. "Cervus elaphus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T55997072A142404453. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T55997072A142404453.en. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
Moore, G.H.; Littlejohn, R.P. (1989). "Hybridisation of farmed wapiti (Cervus elaphus manitobensis) and red deer (Cervus elaphus)". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 16 (2): 191–198. doi:10.1080/03014223.1989.10422568.
Perez-Espona, S.; Hall, R. J.; Perez-Barberia, F. J.; Glass, B. C.; Ward, J. F.; Pemberton, J. M. (2012). "The Impact of Past Introductions on an Iconic and Economically Important Species, the Red Deer of Scotland". Journal of Heredity. 104 (1): 14–22. doi:10.1093/jhered/ess085. PMID 23091222.
Moore, G.H.; Littlejohn, R.P. (1989). "Hybridisation of farmed wapiti (Cervus elaphus manitobensis) and red deer (Cervus elaphus)". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 16 (2): 191–198. doi:10.1080/03014223.1989.10422568.
Shackell, G. H.; Drew, K. R.; Pearse, A. J. T.; Amer, P. R. (2003). "A cost-benefit analysis of the value of investment in a wapiti hybridisation research programme and the returns to New Zealand venison producers". New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 46 (2): 133–140. Bibcode:2003NZJAR..46..133S. doi:10.1080/00288233.2003.9513539. S2CID 85029825.
Perez-Espona, S.; Hall, R. J.; Perez-Barberia, F. J.; Glass, B. C.; Ward, J. F.; Pemberton, J. M. (2012). "The Impact of Past Introductions on an Iconic and Economically Important Species, the Red Deer of Scotland". Journal of Heredity. 104 (1): 14–22. doi:10.1093/jhered/ess085. PMID 23091222.
Ludt, Christian J.; Wolf Schroeder; Oswald Rottmann; Ralph Kuehn (2004). "Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of red deer (Cervus elaphus)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 31 (3). Elsevier: 1064–1083. Bibcode:2004MolPE..31.1064L. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.10.003. PMID 15120401. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2004. Retrieved 6 October 2006.
Randi, E.; Mucci, N.; Claro-Hergueta, F. O.; Bonnet, A. L.; Douzery, E. J. P. (2001). "A mitochondrial DNA control region phylogeny of the Cervinae: Speciation in Cervus and implications for conservation". Animal Conservation. 4 (1): 1–11. Bibcode:2001AnCon...4....1R. doi:10.1017/S1367943001001019. S2CID 86572236.
Pitra, Christian; Fickel, Joerns; Meijaard, Erik; Groves, Colin (2004). "Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33 (3): 880–895. Bibcode:2004MolPE..33..880P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.013. PMID 15522810.
Pitra, Christian; Fickel, Joerns; Meijaard, Erik; Groves, Colin (2004). "Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33 (3): 880–95. Bibcode:2004MolPE..33..880P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.013. PMID 15522810. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 June 2007.
Olivieri, C.; Marota, I.; et al. (2014). "Positioning the red deer (Cervus elaphus) hunted by the Tyrolean Iceman into a mitochondrial DNA phylogeny". PLOS ONE. 9 (7): e100136. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j0136O. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100136. PMC 4079593. PMID 24988290.
Ceacero, F.; Landete-Castillejos, T. S.; García, A. S. J.; Estévez, J. A.; Gallego, L. (2009). "Can Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) discriminate among essential minerals in their diet?". British Journal of Nutrition. 103 (4): 617–626. doi:10.1017/S0007114509992091. hdl:10261/144105. PMID 19860987.
Kidjo, Nicolas; Feracci, Gérard; Bideau, Eric; Gonzalez, Georges; Mattéi, César; Marchand, Bernard; Aulagnier, Stéphane (2007). "Extirpation and reintroduction of the Corsican red deer Cervus elaphus corsicanus in Corsica". Oryx. 41 (4). Cambridge University Press: 488–494. doi:10.1017/S0030605307012069.
Hmwe, S.S.; Zachos, F.E.; Eckert, I.; Lorenzini, R.; Fico, R.; Hartl, G.B (2006). "Conservation genetics of the endangered red deer from Sardinia and Mesola with further remarks on the phylogeography of Cervus elaphus corsicanus". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 88 (4): 691–701. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00653.x.
Lincoln, G. A. (1971). "The seasonal reproductive changes in the red deer stag (Cervus elaphus)". Journal of Zoology. 163 (1): 105–123. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1971.tb04527.x.
Clutton-Brock, T. H.; Coulson, T. (2002). "Comparative ungulate dynamics: The devil is in the detail". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 357 (1425): 1285–1298. doi:10.1098/rstb.2002.1128. PMC 1693035. PMID 12396519.

farmerparrs.com

"Deer". farmerparrs.com. 2010. Archived from the original on 19 May 2010. Retrieved 2 December 2011.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Ceacero, F.; Landete-Castillejos, T. S.; García, A. S. J.; Estévez, J. A.; Gallego, L. (2009). "Can Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) discriminate among essential minerals in their diet?". British Journal of Nutrition. 103 (4): 617–626. doi:10.1017/S0007114509992091. hdl:10261/144105. PMID 19860987.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Shackell, G. H.; Drew, K. R.; Pearse, A. J. T.; Amer, P. R. (2003). "A cost-benefit analysis of the value of investment in a wapiti hybridisation research programme and the returns to New Zealand venison producers". New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 46 (2): 133–140. Bibcode:2003NZJAR..46..133S. doi:10.1080/00288233.2003.9513539. S2CID 85029825.
Ludt, Christian J.; Wolf Schroeder; Oswald Rottmann; Ralph Kuehn (2004). "Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of red deer (Cervus elaphus)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 31 (3). Elsevier: 1064–1083. Bibcode:2004MolPE..31.1064L. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.10.003. PMID 15120401. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2004. Retrieved 6 October 2006.
Randi, E.; Mucci, N.; Claro-Hergueta, F. O.; Bonnet, A. L.; Douzery, E. J. P. (2001). "A mitochondrial DNA control region phylogeny of the Cervinae: Speciation in Cervus and implications for conservation". Animal Conservation. 4 (1): 1–11. Bibcode:2001AnCon...4....1R. doi:10.1017/S1367943001001019. S2CID 86572236.
Pitra, Christian; Fickel, Joerns; Meijaard, Erik; Groves, Colin (2004). "Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33 (3): 880–895. Bibcode:2004MolPE..33..880P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.013. PMID 15522810.
Pitra, Christian; Fickel, Joerns; Meijaard, Erik; Groves, Colin (2004). "Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33 (3): 880–95. Bibcode:2004MolPE..33..880P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.013. PMID 15522810. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 June 2007.
Olivieri, C.; Marota, I.; et al. (2014). "Positioning the red deer (Cervus elaphus) hunted by the Tyrolean Iceman into a mitochondrial DNA phylogeny". PLOS ONE. 9 (7): e100136. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j0136O. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100136. PMC 4079593. PMID 24988290.

issg.org

Flueck, Werner. "Cervus elaphus (mammal)". Global Invasive Species Database. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 14 October 2006.

iucnredlist.org

Lovari, S.; Lorenzini, R.; Masseti, M.; Pereladova, O.; Carden, R.F.; Brook, S.M. & Mattioli, S. (2019) [errata version of 2018 assessment]. "Cervus elaphus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T55997072A142404453. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T55997072A142404453.en. Retrieved 22 May 2020.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Perez-Espona, S.; Hall, R. J.; Perez-Barberia, F. J.; Glass, B. C.; Ward, J. F.; Pemberton, J. M. (2012). "The Impact of Past Introductions on an Iconic and Economically Important Species, the Red Deer of Scotland". Journal of Heredity. 104 (1): 14–22. doi:10.1093/jhered/ess085. PMID 23091222.
Perez-Espona, S.; Hall, R. J.; Perez-Barberia, F. J.; Glass, B. C.; Ward, J. F.; Pemberton, J. M. (2012). "The Impact of Past Introductions on an Iconic and Economically Important Species, the Red Deer of Scotland". Journal of Heredity. 104 (1): 14–22. doi:10.1093/jhered/ess085. PMID 23091222.
Ludt, Christian J.; Wolf Schroeder; Oswald Rottmann; Ralph Kuehn (2004). "Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of red deer (Cervus elaphus)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 31 (3). Elsevier: 1064–1083. Bibcode:2004MolPE..31.1064L. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.10.003. PMID 15120401. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2004. Retrieved 6 October 2006.
Pitra, Christian; Fickel, Joerns; Meijaard, Erik; Groves, Colin (2004). "Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33 (3): 880–895. Bibcode:2004MolPE..33..880P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.013. PMID 15522810.
Pitra, Christian; Fickel, Joerns; Meijaard, Erik; Groves, Colin (2004). "Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33 (3): 880–95. Bibcode:2004MolPE..33..880P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.013. PMID 15522810. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 June 2007.
Olivieri, C.; Marota, I.; et al. (2014). "Positioning the red deer (Cervus elaphus) hunted by the Tyrolean Iceman into a mitochondrial DNA phylogeny". PLOS ONE. 9 (7): e100136. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j0136O. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100136. PMC 4079593. PMID 24988290.
Ceacero, F.; Landete-Castillejos, T. S.; García, A. S. J.; Estévez, J. A.; Gallego, L. (2009). "Can Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) discriminate among essential minerals in their diet?". British Journal of Nutrition. 103 (4): 617–626. doi:10.1017/S0007114509992091. hdl:10261/144105. PMID 19860987.
Clutton-Brock, T. H.; Coulson, T. (2002). "Comparative ungulate dynamics: The devil is in the detail". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 357 (1425): 1285–1298. doi:10.1098/rstb.2002.1128. PMC 1693035. PMID 12396519.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Olivieri, C.; Marota, I.; et al. (2014). "Positioning the red deer (Cervus elaphus) hunted by the Tyrolean Iceman into a mitochondrial DNA phylogeny". PLOS ONE. 9 (7): e100136. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j0136O. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100136. PMC 4079593. PMID 24988290.
Clutton-Brock, T. H.; Coulson, T. (2002). "Comparative ungulate dynamics: The devil is in the detail". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 357 (1425): 1285–1298. doi:10.1098/rstb.2002.1128. PMC 1693035. PMID 12396519.

northern.edu

"Elk (Cervus elaphus)". South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. Archived from the original on 5 September 2006. Retrieved 3 October 2006.

nps.gov

Pisarowicz, Jim. "American Elk – Cervus elephus". National Park Service. Archived from the original on 3 October 2006. Retrieved 10 October 2006.

priroda.net

Zaika, Alexander. "Cave art in Siberia". PRIRODA Association. Archived from the original on 10 February 2006.

publico.pt

For the situation in Portugal in 2017, see Público, 2017, January 13

scirecordbook.org

Red Deer – South America | Online Record Book Preview. scirecordbook.org

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Shackell, G. H.; Drew, K. R.; Pearse, A. J. T.; Amer, P. R. (2003). "A cost-benefit analysis of the value of investment in a wapiti hybridisation research programme and the returns to New Zealand venison producers". New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 46 (2): 133–140. Bibcode:2003NZJAR..46..133S. doi:10.1080/00288233.2003.9513539. S2CID 85029825.
Randi, E.; Mucci, N.; Claro-Hergueta, F. O.; Bonnet, A. L.; Douzery, E. J. P. (2001). "A mitochondrial DNA control region phylogeny of the Cervinae: Speciation in Cervus and implications for conservation". Animal Conservation. 4 (1): 1–11. Bibcode:2001AnCon...4....1R. doi:10.1017/S1367943001001019. S2CID 86572236.

tallgrass.org

"Friends of the Prairie Learning Center". U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Archived from the original on 31 August 2011. Retrieved 6 October 2006.

tum.de

wzw.tum.de

Ludt, Christian J.; Wolf Schroeder; Oswald Rottmann; Ralph Kuehn (2004). "Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of red deer (Cervus elaphus)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 31 (3). Elsevier: 1064–1083. Bibcode:2004MolPE..31.1064L. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.10.003. PMID 15120401. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2004. Retrieved 6 October 2006.

umich.edu

animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu

"Cervus elaphus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology. Retrieved 4 October 2006.

visitouriran.com

[1]. Caspian red deer

wapiti.net

"Elk Meat Nutritional Information". Wapiti.net. Archived from the original on 15 December 2010. Retrieved 10 October 2006.

web.archive.org

"Deer". farmerparrs.com. 2010. Archived from the original on 19 May 2010. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
"Friends of the Prairie Learning Center". U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Archived from the original on 31 August 2011. Retrieved 6 October 2006.
Pisarowicz, Jim. "American Elk – Cervus elephus". National Park Service. Archived from the original on 3 October 2006. Retrieved 10 October 2006.
"The Ecology of Red Deer". Deer-UK. Archived from the original on 23 June 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2006.
Walker, Mark. "The Red Deer Cervus elaphus". World Deer Website. Archived from the original on 12 February 2008.
Deer Distribution. Red Deer 2000—2007 Archived 23 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine. The British Deer Society
Flueck, Werner. "Cervus elaphus (mammal)". Global Invasive Species Database. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 14 October 2006.
Ludt, Christian J.; Wolf Schroeder; Oswald Rottmann; Ralph Kuehn (2004). "Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of red deer (Cervus elaphus)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 31 (3). Elsevier: 1064–1083. Bibcode:2004MolPE..31.1064L. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.10.003. PMID 15120401. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2004. Retrieved 6 October 2006.
Pitra, Christian; Fickel, Joerns; Meijaard, Erik; Groves, Colin (2004). "Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33 (3): 880–95. Bibcode:2004MolPE..33..880P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.013. PMID 15522810. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 June 2007.
"Elk (Cervus elaphus)". South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. Archived from the original on 5 September 2006. Retrieved 3 October 2006.
Zaika, Alexander. "Cave art in Siberia". PRIRODA Association. Archived from the original on 10 February 2006.
"Elk Meat Nutritional Information". Wapiti.net. Archived from the original on 15 December 2010. Retrieved 10 October 2006.
From Stone Age to Space Age. deerfarmer.co.nz

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Croitor, Roman (2018). Plio-Pleistocene deer of Western Palearctic : taxonomy, systematics, phylogeny. Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova. ISBN 978-9975-66-609-1. OCLC 1057238213.

worlddeer.org

Walker, Mark. "The Red Deer Cervus elaphus". World Deer Website. Archived from the original on 12 February 2008.