Red dwarf (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Red dwarf" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

40harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

34doi.org

2^nd place

24arxiv.org

69^th place

59^th place

14semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

8worldcat.org

5^th place

2nih.gov

4^th place

2web.archive.org

1^st place

1kencroswell.com

low place

1bbc.co.uk

8^th place

10^th place

1rit.edu

8,676^th place

6,229^th place

1unam.mx

769^th place

1,834^th place

1archive.org

6^th place

1rochester.edu

2,691^st place

1,948^th place

1astrobites.org

low place

1utoronto.ca

1,601^st place

1,117^th place

1caltech.edu

887^th place

714^th place

1spaceref.com

8,446^th place

6,634^th place

1space.com

936^th place

713^th place

1physorg.com

6,156^th place

5,640^th place

1nasa.gov

75^th place

83^rd place

1nautil.us

low place

9,564^th place

1scientificamerican.com

896^th place

674^th place

1gizmodo.com

474^th place

329^th place

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Koupelis, Theo (2007). In Quest of the Universe. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7637-4387-1.

arxiv.org (Global: 69^th place; English: 59^th place)

Reiners, Ansgar; Basri, Gibor (March 2009). "On the magnetic topology of partially and fully convective stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 496 (3): 787–790. arXiv:0901.1659. Bibcode:2009A&A...496..787R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200811450. S2CID 15159121.
Engle, S. G.; Guinan, E. F. (2011). "Red Dwarf Stars: Ages, Rotation, Magnetic Dynamo Activity and the Habitability of Hosted Planets". 9th Pacific Rim Conference on Stellar Astrophysics. Proceedings of a Conference Held at Lijiang. 451: 285. arXiv:1111.2872. Bibcode:2011ASPC..451..285E.
Farihi, J.; Hoard, D. W.; Wachter, S. (2006). "White Dwarf-Red Dwarf Systems Resolved with the Hubble Space Telescope. I. First Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 646 (1): 480–492. arXiv:astro-ph/0603747. Bibcode:2006ApJ...646..480F. doi:10.1086/504683. S2CID 16750158.
Dieterich, Sergio B.; Henry, Todd J.; Jao, Wei-Chun; Winters, Jennifer G.; Hosey, Altonio D.; Riedel, Adric R.; Subasavage, John P. (2014). "The Solar Neighborhood. XXXII. The Hydrogen Burning Limit". The Astronomical Journal. 147 (5): 94. arXiv:1312.1736. Bibcode:2014AJ....147...94D. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/147/5/94. S2CID 21036959.
Fred C. Adams & Gregory Laughlin (1997). "A Dying Universe: The Long Term Fate and Evolution of Astrophysical Objects". Reviews of Modern Physics. 69 (2): 337–372. arXiv:astro-ph/9701131. Bibcode:1997RvMP...69..337A. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.69.337. S2CID 12173790.
Pecaut, Mark J.; Mamajek, Eric E. (1 September 2013). "Intrinsic Colors, Temperatures, and Bolometric Corrections of Pre-main-sequence Stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 208 (1): 9. arXiv:1307.2657. Bibcode:2013ApJS..208....9P. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/208/1/9. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 119308564.
Cifuentes, C.; Caballero, J.A.; Cortés-Contreras, M.; Montes, D.; Abellán, F.J.; Dorda, R.; Holgado, G. (2020). "CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs. V. Luminosities, colours, and spectral energy distributions". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 642 (October 2020): 32. arXiv:2007.15077. Bibcode:2020A&A...642A.115C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038295.
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, William B.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Liebert, James (2001). "The theory of brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets". Reviews of Modern Physics. 73 (3): 719–765. arXiv:astro-ph/0103383. Bibcode:2001RvMP...73..719B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.73.719. S2CID 204927572.
Henry, Todd J .; Walkowicz, Lucianne M.; Barto, Todd C.; Golimowski, David A. (2002). "The Solar neighborhood. VI. New southern nearby stars identified by optical spectroscopy". The Astronomical Journal. 123 (4): 2002. arXiv:astro-ph/0112496. Bibcode:2002AJ....123.2002H. doi:10.1086/339315. S2CID 17735847.
Silverberg, Steven M.; Wisniewski, John P.; Kuchner, Marc J.; Lawson, Kellen D.; Bans, Alissa S.; Debes, John H.; Biggs, Joseph R.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Doll, Katharina; Luca, Hugo A. Durantini; Enachioaie, Alexandru; Hamilton, Joshua; Holden, Jonathan; Hyogo, Michiharu; the Disk Detective Collaboration (2020-01-14). "Peter Pan Disks: Long-lived Accretion Disks Around Young M Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 890 (2): 106. arXiv:2001.05030. Bibcode:2020ApJ...890..106S. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab68e6. S2CID 210718358.
Gaidos, Eric; Mann, Andrew W.; Rojas-Ayala, Bárbara; Feiden, Gregory A.; Wood, Mackenna L.; Narayanan, Suchitra; Ansdell, Megan; Jacobs, Tom; LaCourse, Daryll (2022-07-01). "Planetesimals around stars with TESS (PAST) - II. An M dwarf 'dipper' star with a long-lived disc in the TESS continuous viewing zone". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 514 (1): 1386–1402. arXiv:2204.14163. Bibcode:2022MNRAS.514.1386G. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1433. ISSN 0035-8711.
Pfalzner, Susanne; Dincer, Furkan (2024-03-01). "Low-mass Stars: Their Protoplanetary Disk Lifetime Distribution". The Astrophysical Journal. 963 (2): 122. arXiv:2401.03775. Bibcode:2024ApJ...963..122P. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad1bef. ISSN 0004-637X.
Pascucci, Ilaria; Beck, Tracy L.; Cabrit, Sylvie; Bajaj, Naman S.; Edwards, Suzan; Louvet, Fabien; Najita, Joan R.; Skinner, Bennett N.; Gorti, Uma; Salyk, Colette; Brittain, Sean D.; Krijt, Sebastiaan; Muzerolle Page, James; Ruaud, Maxime; Schwarz, Kamber (2024-10-01). "The nested morphology of disk winds from young stars revealed by JWST/NIRSpec observations". Nature Astronomy. 9: 81–89. arXiv:2410.18033. Bibcode:2025NatAs...9...81P. doi:10.1038/s41550-024-02385-7. ISSN 2397-3366.
Duchêne, Gaspard; Ménard, François; Stapelfeldt, Karl R.; Villenave, Marion; Wolff, Schuyler G.; Perrin, Marshall D.; Pinte, Christophe; Tazaki, Ryo; Padgett, Deborah L. (2024-02-01). "JWST Imaging of Edge-on Protoplanetary Disks. I. Fully Vertically Mixed 10 μm Grains in the Outer Regions of a 1000 au Disk". The Astronomical Journal. 167 (2): 77. arXiv:2309.07040. Bibcode:2024AJ....167...77D. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acf9a7. ISSN 0004-6256.
Tabone, B.; Bettoni, G.; van Dishoeck, E. F.; Arabhavi, A. M.; Grant, S.; Gasman, D.; Henning, Th; Kamp, I.; Güdel, M.; Lagage, P. O.; Ray, T.; Vandenbussche, B.; Abergel, A.; Absil, O.; Argyriou, I. (July 2023). "A rich hydrocarbon chemistry and high C to O ratio in the inner disk around a very low-mass star". Nature Astronomy. 7 (7): 805–814. arXiv:2304.05954. Bibcode:2023NatAs...7..805T. doi:10.1038/s41550-023-01965-3. ISSN 2397-3366.
Arabhavi, A. M.; Kamp, I.; Henning, Th.; van Dishoeck, E. F.; Christiaens, V.; Gasman, D.; Perrin, A.; Güdel, M.; Tabone, B.; Kanwar, J.; Waters, L. B. F. M.; Pascucci, I.; Samland, M.; Perotti, G.; Bettoni, G. (2024-06-07). "Abundant hydrocarbons in the disk around a very-low-mass star". Science. 384 (6700): 1086–1090. arXiv:2406.14293. Bibcode:2024Sci...384.1086A. doi:10.1126/science.adi8147. PMID 38843318.
Long 龙, Feng 凤.; Pascucci, Ilaria; Houge, Adrien; Banzatti, Andrea; Pontoppidan, Klaus M.; Najita, Joan; Krijt, Sebastiaan; Xie, Chengyan; Williams, Joe; Herczeg 沈, Gregory J. 雷歌; Andrews, Sean M.; Bergin, Edwin; Blake, Geoffrey A.; Colmenares, María José; Harsono, Daniel; Romero-Mirza, Carlos E.; Li 李, Rixin 日新; Lu, Cicero X.; Pinilla, Paola; Wilner, David J.; Vioque, Miguel; Zhang, Ke; JDISCS Collaboration (2025). "The First JWST View of a 30-Myr-old Protoplanetary Disk Reveals a Late-stage Carbon-rich Phase". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 978 (2): L30. arXiv:2412.05535. Bibcode:2025ApJ...978L..30L. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad99d2.
Xie, Chengyan; Pascucci, Ilaria; Long, Feng; Pontoppidan, Klaus M.; Banzatti, Andrea; Kalyaan, Anusha; Salyk, Colette; Liu, Yao; Najita, Joan R.; Pinilla, Paola; Arulanantham, Nicole; Herczeg, Gregory J.; Carr, John; Bergin, Edwin A.; Ballering, Nicholas P. (2023-12-01). "Water-rich Disks around Late M Stars Unveiled: Exploring the Remarkable Case of Sz 114". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 959 (2): L25. arXiv:2310.13205. Bibcode:2023ApJ...959L..25X. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad0ed9. ISSN 2041-8205.
Arabhavi, A. M.; Kamp, I.; Henning, Th.; van Dishoeck, E. F.; Jang, H.; Waters, L. B. F. M.; Christiaens, V.; Gasman, D.; Pascucci, I.; Perotti, G.; Grant, S. L.; Güdel, M.; Lagage, P. -O.; Barrado, D.; Caratti o Garatti, A.; Lahuis, F.; Kaeufer, T.; Kanwar, J.; Morales-Calderón, M.; Schwarz, K.; Sellek, A. D.; Tabone, B.; Temmink, M.; Vlasblom, M.; Patapis, P. (2025). "MINDS: The very low-mass star and brown dwarf sample. Detections and trends in the inner disk gas". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 699: A194. arXiv:2506.02748. Bibcode:2025A&A...699A.194A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554109.
Mah, Jingyi; Bitsch, Bertram; Pascucci, Ilaria; Henning, Thomas (2023-09-01). "Close-in ice lines and the super-stellar C/O ratio in discs around very low-mass stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 677: L7. arXiv:2308.15128. Bibcode:2023A&A...677L...7M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347169. ISSN 0004-6361.
Flagg, Laura; Scholz, Aleks; Almendros-Abad, V.; Jayawardhana, Ray; Damian, Belinda; Muzic, Koraljka; Natta, Antonella; Pinilla, Paola; Testi, Leonardo (2025). "Detection of Hydrocarbons in the Disk around an Actively-Accreting Planetary-Mass Object". The Astrophysical Journal. 986 (2): 200. arXiv:2505.13714. Bibcode:2025ApJ...986..200F. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/add71d.
Alibert, Yann (2017). "Formation and composition of planets around very low mass stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 539 (12 October 2016): 8. arXiv:1610.03460. Bibcode:2017A&A...598L...5A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629671. S2CID 54002704.
Tuomi, Mikko (2011). "Bayesian re-analysis of the radial velocities of Gliese 581. Evidence in favour of only four planetary companions". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 528: L5. arXiv:1102.3314. Bibcode:2011A&A...528L...5T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015995. S2CID 11439465.
Vida, K.; Kővári, Zs.; Pál, A.; Oláh, K.; Kriskovics, L.; et al. (2017). "Frequent Flaring in the TRAPPIST-1 System - Unsuited for Life?". The Astrophysical Journal. 841 (2): 2. arXiv:1703.10130. Bibcode:2017ApJ...841..124V. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa6f05. S2CID 118827117.

astrobites.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Elisabeth Newton (Feb 15, 2012). "And now there's a problem with M dwarfs, too". Astrobites. Retrieved 2019-07-10.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

Jason Palmer (6 February 2013). "Exoplanets near red dwarfs suggest another Earth nearer". BBC. Retrieved 2019-07-10.

caltech.edu (Global: 887^th place; English: 714^th place)

authors.library.caltech.edu

Mawet, Dimitri; Jovanovic, Nemanja; Delorme, Jacques-Robert; et al. (2018-07-10). "Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC): status update" (PDF). In Schmidt, Dirk; Schreiber, Laura; Close, Laird M. (eds.). Adaptive Optics Systems VI. SPIE. p. 6. doi:10.1117/12.2314037. ISBN 9781510619593. Close separations (< 1 AU) have been extensively probed by Doppler and transit surveys with the following results: the frequency of close-in giant planets (1−10 $M$ _Jup) is only 2.5 ± 0.9%, consistent with core accretion plus migration models.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Reiners, Ansgar; Basri, Gibor (March 2009). "On the magnetic topology of partially and fully convective stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 496 (3): 787–790. arXiv:0901.1659. Bibcode:2009A&A...496..787R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200811450. S2CID 15159121.
Edgeworth, K. E. (1946). "Red Dwarf Stars". Nature. 157 (3989): 481. Bibcode:1946Natur.157..481E. doi:10.1038/157481d0. S2CID 4106298.
Dyer, Edward R. (1956). "An analysis of the space motions of red dwarf stars". Astronomical Journal. 61: 228. Bibcode:1956AJ.....61..228D. doi:10.1086/107332.
Mumford, George S. (1956). "The motions and distribution of dwarf M stars". Astronomical Journal. 61: 224. Bibcode:1956AJ.....61..224M. doi:10.1086/107331.
Vyssotsky, A. N. (1956). "Dwarf M stars found spectrophotometrically". Astronomical Journal. 61: 201. Bibcode:1956AJ.....61..201V. doi:10.1086/107328.
Heath, Martin J.; Doyle, Laurance R.; Joshi, Manoj M.; Haberle, Robert M. (1999). "Habitability of planets around red dwarf stars". Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere. 29 (4): 405–24. Bibcode:1999OLEB...29..405H. doi:10.1023/A:1006596718708. PMID 10472629. S2CID 12329736.
Farihi, J.; Hoard, D. W.; Wachter, S. (2006). "White Dwarf-Red Dwarf Systems Resolved with the Hubble Space Telescope. I. First Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 646 (1): 480–492. arXiv:astro-ph/0603747. Bibcode:2006ApJ...646..480F. doi:10.1086/504683. S2CID 16750158.
Alekseev, I. Yu.; Kozlova, O. V. (2002). "Starspots and active regions on the emission red dwarf star LQ Hydrae". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 396: 203–211. Bibcode:2002A&A...396..203A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021424.
Dieterich, Sergio B.; Henry, Todd J.; Jao, Wei-Chun; Winters, Jennifer G.; Hosey, Altonio D.; Riedel, Adric R.; Subasavage, John P. (2014). "The Solar Neighborhood. XXXII. The Hydrogen Burning Limit". The Astronomical Journal. 147 (5): 94. arXiv:1312.1736. Bibcode:2014AJ....147...94D. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/147/5/94. S2CID 21036959.
Chabrier, G.; Baraffe, I.; Plez, B. (1996). "Mass-Luminosity Relationship and Lithium Depletion for Very Low Mass Stars". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 459 (2): L91 – L94. Bibcode:1996ApJ...459L..91C. doi:10.1086/309951.
Fred C. Adams & Gregory Laughlin (1997). "A Dying Universe: The Long Term Fate and Evolution of Astrophysical Objects". Reviews of Modern Physics. 69 (2): 337–372. arXiv:astro-ph/9701131. Bibcode:1997RvMP...69..337A. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.69.337. S2CID 12173790.
Pecaut, Mark J.; Mamajek, Eric E. (1 September 2013). "Intrinsic Colors, Temperatures, and Bolometric Corrections of Pre-main-sequence Stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 208 (1): 9. arXiv:1307.2657. Bibcode:2013ApJS..208....9P. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/208/1/9. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 119308564.
Cifuentes, C.; Caballero, J.A.; Cortés-Contreras, M.; Montes, D.; Abellán, F.J.; Dorda, R.; Holgado, G. (2020). "CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs. V. Luminosities, colours, and spectral energy distributions". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 642 (October 2020): 32. arXiv:2007.15077. Bibcode:2020A&A...642A.115C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038295.
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, William B.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Liebert, James (2001). "The theory of brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets". Reviews of Modern Physics. 73 (3): 719–765. arXiv:astro-ph/0103383. Bibcode:2001RvMP...73..719B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.73.719. S2CID 204927572.
Johnson, H.L.; Morgan, W.W. (1953). "Fundamental stellar photometry for standards of spectral type on the revised system of the Yerkes spectral atlas". Astrophysical Journal. 117: 313. Bibcode:1953ApJ...117..313J. doi:10.1086/145697.
Keenan, Philip C.; McNeil, Raymond C. (1989). "The Perkins catalog of revised MK types for the cooler stars". Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 71: 245. Bibcode:1989ApJS...71..245K. doi:10.1086/191373. S2CID 123149047.
Kirkpatrick, J.D.; Henry, Todd J.; McCarthy, Donald W. (1991). "A standard stellar spectral sequence in the red / near-infrared - Classes K5 to M9". Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 77: 417. Bibcode:1991ApJS...77..417K. doi:10.1086/191611.
Henry, Todd J .; Walkowicz, Lucianne M.; Barto, Todd C.; Golimowski, David A. (2002). "The Solar neighborhood. VI. New southern nearby stars identified by optical spectroscopy". The Astronomical Journal. 123 (4): 2002. arXiv:astro-ph/0112496. Bibcode:2002AJ....123.2002H. doi:10.1086/339315. S2CID 17735847.
Silverberg, Steven M.; Wisniewski, John P.; Kuchner, Marc J.; Lawson, Kellen D.; Bans, Alissa S.; Debes, John H.; Biggs, Joseph R.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Doll, Katharina; Luca, Hugo A. Durantini; Enachioaie, Alexandru; Hamilton, Joshua; Holden, Jonathan; Hyogo, Michiharu; the Disk Detective Collaboration (2020-01-14). "Peter Pan Disks: Long-lived Accretion Disks Around Young M Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 890 (2): 106. arXiv:2001.05030. Bibcode:2020ApJ...890..106S. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab68e6. S2CID 210718358.
Gaidos, Eric; Mann, Andrew W.; Rojas-Ayala, Bárbara; Feiden, Gregory A.; Wood, Mackenna L.; Narayanan, Suchitra; Ansdell, Megan; Jacobs, Tom; LaCourse, Daryll (2022-07-01). "Planetesimals around stars with TESS (PAST) - II. An M dwarf 'dipper' star with a long-lived disc in the TESS continuous viewing zone". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 514 (1): 1386–1402. arXiv:2204.14163. Bibcode:2022MNRAS.514.1386G. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1433. ISSN 0035-8711.
Pfalzner, Susanne; Dincer, Furkan (2024-03-01). "Low-mass Stars: Their Protoplanetary Disk Lifetime Distribution". The Astrophysical Journal. 963 (2): 122. arXiv:2401.03775. Bibcode:2024ApJ...963..122P. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad1bef. ISSN 0004-637X.
Pascucci, Ilaria; Beck, Tracy L.; Cabrit, Sylvie; Bajaj, Naman S.; Edwards, Suzan; Louvet, Fabien; Najita, Joan R.; Skinner, Bennett N.; Gorti, Uma; Salyk, Colette; Brittain, Sean D.; Krijt, Sebastiaan; Muzerolle Page, James; Ruaud, Maxime; Schwarz, Kamber (2024-10-01). "The nested morphology of disk winds from young stars revealed by JWST/NIRSpec observations". Nature Astronomy. 9: 81–89. arXiv:2410.18033. Bibcode:2025NatAs...9...81P. doi:10.1038/s41550-024-02385-7. ISSN 2397-3366.
Duchêne, Gaspard; Ménard, François; Stapelfeldt, Karl R.; Villenave, Marion; Wolff, Schuyler G.; Perrin, Marshall D.; Pinte, Christophe; Tazaki, Ryo; Padgett, Deborah L. (2024-02-01). "JWST Imaging of Edge-on Protoplanetary Disks. I. Fully Vertically Mixed 10 μm Grains in the Outer Regions of a 1000 au Disk". The Astronomical Journal. 167 (2): 77. arXiv:2309.07040. Bibcode:2024AJ....167...77D. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acf9a7. ISSN 0004-6256.
Tabone, B.; Bettoni, G.; van Dishoeck, E. F.; Arabhavi, A. M.; Grant, S.; Gasman, D.; Henning, Th; Kamp, I.; Güdel, M.; Lagage, P. O.; Ray, T.; Vandenbussche, B.; Abergel, A.; Absil, O.; Argyriou, I. (July 2023). "A rich hydrocarbon chemistry and high C to O ratio in the inner disk around a very low-mass star". Nature Astronomy. 7 (7): 805–814. arXiv:2304.05954. Bibcode:2023NatAs...7..805T. doi:10.1038/s41550-023-01965-3. ISSN 2397-3366.
Arabhavi, A. M.; Kamp, I.; Henning, Th.; van Dishoeck, E. F.; Christiaens, V.; Gasman, D.; Perrin, A.; Güdel, M.; Tabone, B.; Kanwar, J.; Waters, L. B. F. M.; Pascucci, I.; Samland, M.; Perotti, G.; Bettoni, G. (2024-06-07). "Abundant hydrocarbons in the disk around a very-low-mass star". Science. 384 (6700): 1086–1090. arXiv:2406.14293. Bibcode:2024Sci...384.1086A. doi:10.1126/science.adi8147. PMID 38843318.
Long 龙, Feng 凤.; Pascucci, Ilaria; Houge, Adrien; Banzatti, Andrea; Pontoppidan, Klaus M.; Najita, Joan; Krijt, Sebastiaan; Xie, Chengyan; Williams, Joe; Herczeg 沈, Gregory J. 雷歌; Andrews, Sean M.; Bergin, Edwin; Blake, Geoffrey A.; Colmenares, María José; Harsono, Daniel; Romero-Mirza, Carlos E.; Li 李, Rixin 日新; Lu, Cicero X.; Pinilla, Paola; Wilner, David J.; Vioque, Miguel; Zhang, Ke; JDISCS Collaboration (2025). "The First JWST View of a 30-Myr-old Protoplanetary Disk Reveals a Late-stage Carbon-rich Phase". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 978 (2): L30. arXiv:2412.05535. Bibcode:2025ApJ...978L..30L. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad99d2.
Xie, Chengyan; Pascucci, Ilaria; Long, Feng; Pontoppidan, Klaus M.; Banzatti, Andrea; Kalyaan, Anusha; Salyk, Colette; Liu, Yao; Najita, Joan R.; Pinilla, Paola; Arulanantham, Nicole; Herczeg, Gregory J.; Carr, John; Bergin, Edwin A.; Ballering, Nicholas P. (2023-12-01). "Water-rich Disks around Late M Stars Unveiled: Exploring the Remarkable Case of Sz 114". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 959 (2): L25. arXiv:2310.13205. Bibcode:2023ApJ...959L..25X. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad0ed9. ISSN 2041-8205.
Arabhavi, A. M.; Kamp, I.; Henning, Th.; van Dishoeck, E. F.; Jang, H.; Waters, L. B. F. M.; Christiaens, V.; Gasman, D.; Pascucci, I.; Perotti, G.; Grant, S. L.; Güdel, M.; Lagage, P. -O.; Barrado, D.; Caratti o Garatti, A.; Lahuis, F.; Kaeufer, T.; Kanwar, J.; Morales-Calderón, M.; Schwarz, K.; Sellek, A. D.; Tabone, B.; Temmink, M.; Vlasblom, M.; Patapis, P. (2025). "MINDS: The very low-mass star and brown dwarf sample. Detections and trends in the inner disk gas". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 699: A194. arXiv:2506.02748. Bibcode:2025A&A...699A.194A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554109.
Mah, Jingyi; Bitsch, Bertram; Pascucci, Ilaria; Henning, Thomas (2023-09-01). "Close-in ice lines and the super-stellar C/O ratio in discs around very low-mass stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 677: L7. arXiv:2308.15128. Bibcode:2023A&A...677L...7M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347169. ISSN 0004-6361.
Flagg, Laura; Scholz, Aleks; Almendros-Abad, V.; Jayawardhana, Ray; Damian, Belinda; Muzic, Koraljka; Natta, Antonella; Pinilla, Paola; Testi, Leonardo (2025). "Detection of Hydrocarbons in the Disk around an Actively-Accreting Planetary-Mass Object". The Astrophysical Journal. 986 (2): 200. arXiv:2505.13714. Bibcode:2025ApJ...986..200F. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/add71d.
Mawet, Dimitri; Jovanovic, Nemanja; Delorme, Jacques-Robert; et al. (2018-07-10). "Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC): status update" (PDF). In Schmidt, Dirk; Schreiber, Laura; Close, Laird M. (eds.). Adaptive Optics Systems VI. SPIE. p. 6. doi:10.1117/12.2314037. ISBN 9781510619593. Close separations (< 1 AU) have been extensively probed by Doppler and transit surveys with the following results: the frequency of close-in giant planets (1−10 $M$ _Jup) is only 2.5 ± 0.9%, consistent with core accretion plus migration models.
Alibert, Yann (2017). "Formation and composition of planets around very low mass stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 539 (12 October 2016): 8. arXiv:1610.03460. Bibcode:2017A&A...598L...5A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629671. S2CID 54002704.
Tuomi, Mikko (2011). "Bayesian re-analysis of the radial velocities of Gliese 581. Evidence in favour of only four planetary companions". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 528: L5. arXiv:1102.3314. Bibcode:2011A&A...528L...5T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015995. S2CID 11439465.
Vida, K.; Kővári, Zs.; Pál, A.; Oláh, K.; Kriskovics, L.; et al. (2017). "Frequent Flaring in the TRAPPIST-1 System - Unsuited for Life?". The Astrophysical Journal. 841 (2): 2. arXiv:1703.10130. Bibcode:2017ApJ...841..124V. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa6f05. S2CID 118827117.

gizmodo.com (Global: 474^th place; English: 329^th place)

George Dvorsky (2015-11-19). "This Stormy Star Means Alien Life May Be Rarer Than We Thought". Gizmodo. Retrieved 2019-07-10.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Reiners, Ansgar; Basri, Gibor (March 2009). "On the magnetic topology of partially and fully convective stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 496 (3): 787–790. arXiv:0901.1659. Bibcode:2009A&A...496..787R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200811450. S2CID 15159121.
Lindemann, F. A. (1915). "The age of the Earth". The Observatory. 38: 299. Bibcode:1915Obs....38..299L.
Edgeworth, K. E. (1946). "Red Dwarf Stars". Nature. 157 (3989): 481. Bibcode:1946Natur.157..481E. doi:10.1038/157481d0. S2CID 4106298.
Dyer, Edward R. (1956). "An analysis of the space motions of red dwarf stars". Astronomical Journal. 61: 228. Bibcode:1956AJ.....61..228D. doi:10.1086/107332.
Mumford, George S. (1956). "The motions and distribution of dwarf M stars". Astronomical Journal. 61: 224. Bibcode:1956AJ.....61..224M. doi:10.1086/107331.
Vyssotsky, A. N. (1956). "Dwarf M stars found spectrophotometrically". Astronomical Journal. 61: 201. Bibcode:1956AJ.....61..201V. doi:10.1086/107328.
Engle, S. G.; Guinan, E. F. (2011). "Red Dwarf Stars: Ages, Rotation, Magnetic Dynamo Activity and the Habitability of Hosted Planets". 9th Pacific Rim Conference on Stellar Astrophysics. Proceedings of a Conference Held at Lijiang. 451: 285. arXiv:1111.2872. Bibcode:2011ASPC..451..285E.
Heath, Martin J.; Doyle, Laurance R.; Joshi, Manoj M.; Haberle, Robert M. (1999). "Habitability of planets around red dwarf stars". Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere. 29 (4): 405–24. Bibcode:1999OLEB...29..405H. doi:10.1023/A:1006596718708. PMID 10472629. S2CID 12329736.
Farihi, J.; Hoard, D. W.; Wachter, S. (2006). "White Dwarf-Red Dwarf Systems Resolved with the Hubble Space Telescope. I. First Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 646 (1): 480–492. arXiv:astro-ph/0603747. Bibcode:2006ApJ...646..480F. doi:10.1086/504683. S2CID 16750158.
Pettersen, B. R.; Hawley, S. L. (1989). "A spectroscopic survey of red dwarf flare stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 217: 187. Bibcode:1989A&A...217..187P.
Alekseev, I. Yu.; Kozlova, O. V. (2002). "Starspots and active regions on the emission red dwarf star LQ Hydrae". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 396: 203–211. Bibcode:2002A&A...396..203A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021424.
Dieterich, Sergio B.; Henry, Todd J.; Jao, Wei-Chun; Winters, Jennifer G.; Hosey, Altonio D.; Riedel, Adric R.; Subasavage, John P. (2014). "The Solar Neighborhood. XXXII. The Hydrogen Burning Limit". The Astronomical Journal. 147 (5): 94. arXiv:1312.1736. Bibcode:2014AJ....147...94D. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/147/5/94. S2CID 21036959.
Chabrier, G.; Baraffe, I.; Plez, B. (1996). "Mass-Luminosity Relationship and Lithium Depletion for Very Low Mass Stars". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 459 (2): L91 – L94. Bibcode:1996ApJ...459L..91C. doi:10.1086/309951.
Adams, Fred C.; Laughlin, Gregory; Graves, Genevieve J. M. (2004). "Red Dwarfs and the End of the Main Sequence" (PDF). Gravitational Collapse: From Massive Stars to Planets. Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica. pp. 46–49. Bibcode:2004RMxAC..22...46A.
Fred C. Adams & Gregory Laughlin (1997). "A Dying Universe: The Long Term Fate and Evolution of Astrophysical Objects". Reviews of Modern Physics. 69 (2): 337–372. arXiv:astro-ph/9701131. Bibcode:1997RvMP...69..337A. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.69.337. S2CID 12173790.
Pecaut, Mark J.; Mamajek, Eric E. (1 September 2013). "Intrinsic Colors, Temperatures, and Bolometric Corrections of Pre-main-sequence Stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 208 (1): 9. arXiv:1307.2657. Bibcode:2013ApJS..208....9P. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/208/1/9. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 119308564.
Cifuentes, C.; Caballero, J.A.; Cortés-Contreras, M.; Montes, D.; Abellán, F.J.; Dorda, R.; Holgado, G. (2020). "CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs. V. Luminosities, colours, and spectral energy distributions". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 642 (October 2020): 32. arXiv:2007.15077. Bibcode:2020A&A...642A.115C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038295.
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, William B.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Liebert, James (2001). "The theory of brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets". Reviews of Modern Physics. 73 (3): 719–765. arXiv:astro-ph/0103383. Bibcode:2001RvMP...73..719B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.73.719. S2CID 204927572.
Johnson, H.L.; Morgan, W.W. (1953). "Fundamental stellar photometry for standards of spectral type on the revised system of the Yerkes spectral atlas". Astrophysical Journal. 117: 313. Bibcode:1953ApJ...117..313J. doi:10.1086/145697.
Keenan, Philip C.; McNeil, Raymond C. (1989). "The Perkins catalog of revised MK types for the cooler stars". Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 71: 245. Bibcode:1989ApJS...71..245K. doi:10.1086/191373. S2CID 123149047.
Kirkpatrick, J.D.; Henry, Todd J.; McCarthy, Donald W. (1991). "A standard stellar spectral sequence in the red / near-infrared - Classes K5 to M9". Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 77: 417. Bibcode:1991ApJS...77..417K. doi:10.1086/191611.
Keenan, Philip Childs; McNeil, Raymond C. (1976). An atlas of spectra of the cooler stars: Types G, K, M, S, and C. Part 1: Introduction and tables. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press. Bibcode:1976aasc.book.....K.
Boeshaar, P.C. (1976). The spectral classification of M dwarf stars (Ph.D. thesis). Columbus, OH: Ohio State University. Bibcode:1976PhDT........14B.
Henry, Todd J .; Walkowicz, Lucianne M.; Barto, Todd C.; Golimowski, David A. (2002). "The Solar neighborhood. VI. New southern nearby stars identified by optical spectroscopy". The Astronomical Journal. 123 (4): 2002. arXiv:astro-ph/0112496. Bibcode:2002AJ....123.2002H. doi:10.1086/339315. S2CID 17735847.
Gray, Richard O.; Corbally, Christopher (2009). Stellar Spectral Classification. Princeton University Press. Bibcode:2009ssc..book.....G.
Silverberg, Steven M.; Wisniewski, John P.; Kuchner, Marc J.; Lawson, Kellen D.; Bans, Alissa S.; Debes, John H.; Biggs, Joseph R.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Doll, Katharina; Luca, Hugo A. Durantini; Enachioaie, Alexandru; Hamilton, Joshua; Holden, Jonathan; Hyogo, Michiharu; the Disk Detective Collaboration (2020-01-14). "Peter Pan Disks: Long-lived Accretion Disks Around Young M Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 890 (2): 106. arXiv:2001.05030. Bibcode:2020ApJ...890..106S. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab68e6. S2CID 210718358.
Gaidos, Eric; Mann, Andrew W.; Rojas-Ayala, Bárbara; Feiden, Gregory A.; Wood, Mackenna L.; Narayanan, Suchitra; Ansdell, Megan; Jacobs, Tom; LaCourse, Daryll (2022-07-01). "Planetesimals around stars with TESS (PAST) - II. An M dwarf 'dipper' star with a long-lived disc in the TESS continuous viewing zone". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 514 (1): 1386–1402. arXiv:2204.14163. Bibcode:2022MNRAS.514.1386G. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1433. ISSN 0035-8711.
Pfalzner, Susanne; Dincer, Furkan (2024-03-01). "Low-mass Stars: Their Protoplanetary Disk Lifetime Distribution". The Astrophysical Journal. 963 (2): 122. arXiv:2401.03775. Bibcode:2024ApJ...963..122P. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad1bef. ISSN 0004-637X.
Pascucci, Ilaria; Beck, Tracy L.; Cabrit, Sylvie; Bajaj, Naman S.; Edwards, Suzan; Louvet, Fabien; Najita, Joan R.; Skinner, Bennett N.; Gorti, Uma; Salyk, Colette; Brittain, Sean D.; Krijt, Sebastiaan; Muzerolle Page, James; Ruaud, Maxime; Schwarz, Kamber (2024-10-01). "The nested morphology of disk winds from young stars revealed by JWST/NIRSpec observations". Nature Astronomy. 9: 81–89. arXiv:2410.18033. Bibcode:2025NatAs...9...81P. doi:10.1038/s41550-024-02385-7. ISSN 2397-3366.
Duchêne, Gaspard; Ménard, François; Stapelfeldt, Karl R.; Villenave, Marion; Wolff, Schuyler G.; Perrin, Marshall D.; Pinte, Christophe; Tazaki, Ryo; Padgett, Deborah L. (2024-02-01). "JWST Imaging of Edge-on Protoplanetary Disks. I. Fully Vertically Mixed 10 μm Grains in the Outer Regions of a 1000 au Disk". The Astronomical Journal. 167 (2): 77. arXiv:2309.07040. Bibcode:2024AJ....167...77D. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acf9a7. ISSN 0004-6256.
Tabone, B.; Bettoni, G.; van Dishoeck, E. F.; Arabhavi, A. M.; Grant, S.; Gasman, D.; Henning, Th; Kamp, I.; Güdel, M.; Lagage, P. O.; Ray, T.; Vandenbussche, B.; Abergel, A.; Absil, O.; Argyriou, I. (July 2023). "A rich hydrocarbon chemistry and high C to O ratio in the inner disk around a very low-mass star". Nature Astronomy. 7 (7): 805–814. arXiv:2304.05954. Bibcode:2023NatAs...7..805T. doi:10.1038/s41550-023-01965-3. ISSN 2397-3366.
Arabhavi, A. M.; Kamp, I.; Henning, Th.; van Dishoeck, E. F.; Christiaens, V.; Gasman, D.; Perrin, A.; Güdel, M.; Tabone, B.; Kanwar, J.; Waters, L. B. F. M.; Pascucci, I.; Samland, M.; Perotti, G.; Bettoni, G. (2024-06-07). "Abundant hydrocarbons in the disk around a very-low-mass star". Science. 384 (6700): 1086–1090. arXiv:2406.14293. Bibcode:2024Sci...384.1086A. doi:10.1126/science.adi8147. PMID 38843318.
Long 龙, Feng 凤.; Pascucci, Ilaria; Houge, Adrien; Banzatti, Andrea; Pontoppidan, Klaus M.; Najita, Joan; Krijt, Sebastiaan; Xie, Chengyan; Williams, Joe; Herczeg 沈, Gregory J. 雷歌; Andrews, Sean M.; Bergin, Edwin; Blake, Geoffrey A.; Colmenares, María José; Harsono, Daniel; Romero-Mirza, Carlos E.; Li 李, Rixin 日新; Lu, Cicero X.; Pinilla, Paola; Wilner, David J.; Vioque, Miguel; Zhang, Ke; JDISCS Collaboration (2025). "The First JWST View of a 30-Myr-old Protoplanetary Disk Reveals a Late-stage Carbon-rich Phase". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 978 (2): L30. arXiv:2412.05535. Bibcode:2025ApJ...978L..30L. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad99d2.
Xie, Chengyan; Pascucci, Ilaria; Long, Feng; Pontoppidan, Klaus M.; Banzatti, Andrea; Kalyaan, Anusha; Salyk, Colette; Liu, Yao; Najita, Joan R.; Pinilla, Paola; Arulanantham, Nicole; Herczeg, Gregory J.; Carr, John; Bergin, Edwin A.; Ballering, Nicholas P. (2023-12-01). "Water-rich Disks around Late M Stars Unveiled: Exploring the Remarkable Case of Sz 114". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 959 (2): L25. arXiv:2310.13205. Bibcode:2023ApJ...959L..25X. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad0ed9. ISSN 2041-8205.
Arabhavi, A. M.; Kamp, I.; Henning, Th.; van Dishoeck, E. F.; Jang, H.; Waters, L. B. F. M.; Christiaens, V.; Gasman, D.; Pascucci, I.; Perotti, G.; Grant, S. L.; Güdel, M.; Lagage, P. -O.; Barrado, D.; Caratti o Garatti, A.; Lahuis, F.; Kaeufer, T.; Kanwar, J.; Morales-Calderón, M.; Schwarz, K.; Sellek, A. D.; Tabone, B.; Temmink, M.; Vlasblom, M.; Patapis, P. (2025). "MINDS: The very low-mass star and brown dwarf sample. Detections and trends in the inner disk gas". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 699: A194. arXiv:2506.02748. Bibcode:2025A&A...699A.194A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554109.
Mah, Jingyi; Bitsch, Bertram; Pascucci, Ilaria; Henning, Thomas (2023-09-01). "Close-in ice lines and the super-stellar C/O ratio in discs around very low-mass stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 677: L7. arXiv:2308.15128. Bibcode:2023A&A...677L...7M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347169. ISSN 0004-6361.
Flagg, Laura; Scholz, Aleks; Almendros-Abad, V.; Jayawardhana, Ray; Damian, Belinda; Muzic, Koraljka; Natta, Antonella; Pinilla, Paola; Testi, Leonardo (2025). "Detection of Hydrocarbons in the Disk around an Actively-Accreting Planetary-Mass Object". The Astrophysical Journal. 986 (2): 200. arXiv:2505.13714. Bibcode:2025ApJ...986..200F. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/add71d.
Alibert, Yann (2017). "Formation and composition of planets around very low mass stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 539 (12 October 2016): 8. arXiv:1610.03460. Bibcode:2017A&A...598L...5A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629671. S2CID 54002704.
Tuomi, Mikko (2011). "Bayesian re-analysis of the radial velocities of Gliese 581. Evidence in favour of only four planetary companions". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 528: L5. arXiv:1102.3314. Bibcode:2011A&A...528L...5T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015995. S2CID 11439465.
Vida, K.; Kővári, Zs.; Pál, A.; Oláh, K.; Kriskovics, L.; et al. (2017). "Frequent Flaring in the TRAPPIST-1 System - Unsuited for Life?". The Astrophysical Journal. 841 (2): 2. arXiv:1703.10130. Bibcode:2017ApJ...841..124V. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa6f05. S2CID 118827117.

kencroswell.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Ken Croswell. "The Brightest Red Dwarf". Retrieved 2019-07-10.

nasa.gov (Global: 75^th place; English: 83^rd place)

"NASA telescope reveals record-breaking exoplanet discovery". www.nasa.gov. 22 February 2017.

nautil.us (Global: low place; English: 9,564^th place)

Raymond, Sean (2015-02-20). "Forget "Earth-Like" Worlds". Nautilus. Retrieved 2025-01-26.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Heath, Martin J.; Doyle, Laurance R.; Joshi, Manoj M.; Haberle, Robert M. (1999). "Habitability of planets around red dwarf stars". Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere. 29 (4): 405–24. Bibcode:1999OLEB...29..405H. doi:10.1023/A:1006596718708. PMID 10472629. S2CID 12329736.
Arabhavi, A. M.; Kamp, I.; Henning, Th.; van Dishoeck, E. F.; Christiaens, V.; Gasman, D.; Perrin, A.; Güdel, M.; Tabone, B.; Kanwar, J.; Waters, L. B. F. M.; Pascucci, I.; Samland, M.; Perotti, G.; Bettoni, G. (2024-06-07). "Abundant hydrocarbons in the disk around a very-low-mass star". Science. 384 (6700): 1086–1090. arXiv:2406.14293. Bibcode:2024Sci...384.1086A. doi:10.1126/science.adi8147. PMID 38843318.

physorg.com (Global: 6,156^th place; English: 5,640^th place)

"Scientists find potentially habitable planet near Earth". Physorg.com. Retrieved 2013-03-26.

rit.edu (Global: 8,676^th place; English: 6,229^th place)

spiff.rit.edu

Richmond, Michael (November 10, 2004). "Late stages of evolution for low-mass stars". Rochester Institute of Technology. Retrieved 2019-07-10.

rochester.edu (Global: 2,691^st place; English: 1,948^th place)

pas.rochester.edu

Mamajek, Eric (2 March 2021). "A Modern Mean Dwarf Stellar Color and Effective Temperature Sequence". University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy. Retrieved 5 July 2021.

scientificamerican.com (Global: 896^th place; English: 674^th place)

Alpert, Mark (1 November 2005). "Red Star Rising". Scientific American.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Reiners, Ansgar; Basri, Gibor (March 2009). "On the magnetic topology of partially and fully convective stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 496 (3): 787–790. arXiv:0901.1659. Bibcode:2009A&A...496..787R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200811450. S2CID 15159121.
Edgeworth, K. E. (1946). "Red Dwarf Stars". Nature. 157 (3989): 481. Bibcode:1946Natur.157..481E. doi:10.1038/157481d0. S2CID 4106298.
Heath, Martin J.; Doyle, Laurance R.; Joshi, Manoj M.; Haberle, Robert M. (1999). "Habitability of planets around red dwarf stars". Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere. 29 (4): 405–24. Bibcode:1999OLEB...29..405H. doi:10.1023/A:1006596718708. PMID 10472629. S2CID 12329736.
Farihi, J.; Hoard, D. W.; Wachter, S. (2006). "White Dwarf-Red Dwarf Systems Resolved with the Hubble Space Telescope. I. First Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 646 (1): 480–492. arXiv:astro-ph/0603747. Bibcode:2006ApJ...646..480F. doi:10.1086/504683. S2CID 16750158.
Dieterich, Sergio B.; Henry, Todd J.; Jao, Wei-Chun; Winters, Jennifer G.; Hosey, Altonio D.; Riedel, Adric R.; Subasavage, John P. (2014). "The Solar Neighborhood. XXXII. The Hydrogen Burning Limit". The Astronomical Journal. 147 (5): 94. arXiv:1312.1736. Bibcode:2014AJ....147...94D. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/147/5/94. S2CID 21036959.
Fred C. Adams & Gregory Laughlin (1997). "A Dying Universe: The Long Term Fate and Evolution of Astrophysical Objects". Reviews of Modern Physics. 69 (2): 337–372. arXiv:astro-ph/9701131. Bibcode:1997RvMP...69..337A. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.69.337. S2CID 12173790.
Pecaut, Mark J.; Mamajek, Eric E. (1 September 2013). "Intrinsic Colors, Temperatures, and Bolometric Corrections of Pre-main-sequence Stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 208 (1): 9. arXiv:1307.2657. Bibcode:2013ApJS..208....9P. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/208/1/9. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 119308564.
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, William B.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Liebert, James (2001). "The theory of brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets". Reviews of Modern Physics. 73 (3): 719–765. arXiv:astro-ph/0103383. Bibcode:2001RvMP...73..719B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.73.719. S2CID 204927572.
Keenan, Philip C.; McNeil, Raymond C. (1989). "The Perkins catalog of revised MK types for the cooler stars". Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 71: 245. Bibcode:1989ApJS...71..245K. doi:10.1086/191373. S2CID 123149047.
Henry, Todd J .; Walkowicz, Lucianne M.; Barto, Todd C.; Golimowski, David A. (2002). "The Solar neighborhood. VI. New southern nearby stars identified by optical spectroscopy". The Astronomical Journal. 123 (4): 2002. arXiv:astro-ph/0112496. Bibcode:2002AJ....123.2002H. doi:10.1086/339315. S2CID 17735847.
Silverberg, Steven M.; Wisniewski, John P.; Kuchner, Marc J.; Lawson, Kellen D.; Bans, Alissa S.; Debes, John H.; Biggs, Joseph R.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Doll, Katharina; Luca, Hugo A. Durantini; Enachioaie, Alexandru; Hamilton, Joshua; Holden, Jonathan; Hyogo, Michiharu; the Disk Detective Collaboration (2020-01-14). "Peter Pan Disks: Long-lived Accretion Disks Around Young M Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 890 (2): 106. arXiv:2001.05030. Bibcode:2020ApJ...890..106S. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab68e6. S2CID 210718358.
Alibert, Yann (2017). "Formation and composition of planets around very low mass stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 539 (12 October 2016): 8. arXiv:1610.03460. Bibcode:2017A&A...598L...5A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629671. S2CID 54002704.
Tuomi, Mikko (2011). "Bayesian re-analysis of the radial velocities of Gliese 581. Evidence in favour of only four planetary companions". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 528: L5. arXiv:1102.3314. Bibcode:2011A&A...528L...5T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015995. S2CID 11439465.
Vida, K.; Kővári, Zs.; Pál, A.; Oláh, K.; Kriskovics, L.; et al. (2017). "Frequent Flaring in the TRAPPIST-1 System - Unsuited for Life?". The Astrophysical Journal. 841 (2): 2. arXiv:1703.10130. Bibcode:2017ApJ...841..124V. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa6f05. S2CID 118827117.

space.com (Global: 936^th place; English: 713^th place)

Than, Ker (24 April 2007). "Major discovery: New planet could harbor water and life". SPACE.com. Retrieved 2019-07-10.

spaceref.com (Global: 8,446^th place; English: 6,634^th place)

"Billions of rocky planets in habitable zones around red dwarfs". European Southern Observatory. 28 March 2012. Retrieved 10 July 2019.^{[permanent dead link]}

unam.mx (Global: 769^th place; English: 1,834^th place)

astroscu.unam.mx

Adams, Fred C.; Laughlin, Gregory; Graves, Genevieve J. M. (2004). "Red Dwarfs and the End of the Main Sequence" (PDF). Gravitational Collapse: From Massive Stars to Planets. Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica. pp. 46–49. Bibcode:2004RMxAC..22...46A.

utoronto.ca (Global: 1,601^st place; English: 1,117^th place)

astro.utoronto.ca

Garrison, Robert F. "MK anchor-point standards table". Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics. astro.utoronto.ca. University of Toronto. Archived from the original on 2019-06-25. Retrieved 2011-12-18.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Garrison, Robert F. "MK anchor-point standards table". Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics. astro.utoronto.ca. University of Toronto. Archived from the original on 2019-06-25. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
Charles Q. Choi (9 February 2015). "Planets Orbiting Red Dwarfs May Stay Wet Enough for Life". Astrobiology. Archived from the original on 2015-09-21. Retrieved 15 January 2017.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Pecaut, Mark J.; Mamajek, Eric E. (1 September 2013). "Intrinsic Colors, Temperatures, and Bolometric Corrections of Pre-main-sequence Stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 208 (1): 9. arXiv:1307.2657. Bibcode:2013ApJS..208....9P. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/208/1/9. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 119308564.
Gaidos, Eric; Mann, Andrew W.; Rojas-Ayala, Bárbara; Feiden, Gregory A.; Wood, Mackenna L.; Narayanan, Suchitra; Ansdell, Megan; Jacobs, Tom; LaCourse, Daryll (2022-07-01). "Planetesimals around stars with TESS (PAST) - II. An M dwarf 'dipper' star with a long-lived disc in the TESS continuous viewing zone". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 514 (1): 1386–1402. arXiv:2204.14163. Bibcode:2022MNRAS.514.1386G. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1433. ISSN 0035-8711.
Pfalzner, Susanne; Dincer, Furkan (2024-03-01). "Low-mass Stars: Their Protoplanetary Disk Lifetime Distribution". The Astrophysical Journal. 963 (2): 122. arXiv:2401.03775. Bibcode:2024ApJ...963..122P. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad1bef. ISSN 0004-637X.
Pascucci, Ilaria; Beck, Tracy L.; Cabrit, Sylvie; Bajaj, Naman S.; Edwards, Suzan; Louvet, Fabien; Najita, Joan R.; Skinner, Bennett N.; Gorti, Uma; Salyk, Colette; Brittain, Sean D.; Krijt, Sebastiaan; Muzerolle Page, James; Ruaud, Maxime; Schwarz, Kamber (2024-10-01). "The nested morphology of disk winds from young stars revealed by JWST/NIRSpec observations". Nature Astronomy. 9: 81–89. arXiv:2410.18033. Bibcode:2025NatAs...9...81P. doi:10.1038/s41550-024-02385-7. ISSN 2397-3366.
Duchêne, Gaspard; Ménard, François; Stapelfeldt, Karl R.; Villenave, Marion; Wolff, Schuyler G.; Perrin, Marshall D.; Pinte, Christophe; Tazaki, Ryo; Padgett, Deborah L. (2024-02-01). "JWST Imaging of Edge-on Protoplanetary Disks. I. Fully Vertically Mixed 10 μm Grains in the Outer Regions of a 1000 au Disk". The Astronomical Journal. 167 (2): 77. arXiv:2309.07040. Bibcode:2024AJ....167...77D. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acf9a7. ISSN 0004-6256.
Tabone, B.; Bettoni, G.; van Dishoeck, E. F.; Arabhavi, A. M.; Grant, S.; Gasman, D.; Henning, Th; Kamp, I.; Güdel, M.; Lagage, P. O.; Ray, T.; Vandenbussche, B.; Abergel, A.; Absil, O.; Argyriou, I. (July 2023). "A rich hydrocarbon chemistry and high C to O ratio in the inner disk around a very low-mass star". Nature Astronomy. 7 (7): 805–814. arXiv:2304.05954. Bibcode:2023NatAs...7..805T. doi:10.1038/s41550-023-01965-3. ISSN 2397-3366.
Xie, Chengyan; Pascucci, Ilaria; Long, Feng; Pontoppidan, Klaus M.; Banzatti, Andrea; Kalyaan, Anusha; Salyk, Colette; Liu, Yao; Najita, Joan R.; Pinilla, Paola; Arulanantham, Nicole; Herczeg, Gregory J.; Carr, John; Bergin, Edwin A.; Ballering, Nicholas P. (2023-12-01). "Water-rich Disks around Late M Stars Unveiled: Exploring the Remarkable Case of Sz 114". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 959 (2): L25. arXiv:2310.13205. Bibcode:2023ApJ...959L..25X. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad0ed9. ISSN 2041-8205.
Mah, Jingyi; Bitsch, Bertram; Pascucci, Ilaria; Henning, Thomas (2023-09-01). "Close-in ice lines and the super-stellar C/O ratio in discs around very low-mass stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 677: L7. arXiv:2308.15128. Bibcode:2023A&A...677L...7M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347169. ISSN 0004-6361.

Red dwarf (English Wikipedia)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

arxiv.org (Global: 69th place; English: 59th place)

astrobites.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8th place; English: 10th place)

caltech.edu (Global: 887th place; English: 714th place)

authors.library.caltech.edu

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

gizmodo.com (Global: 474th place; English: 329th place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18th place; English: 17th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

kencroswell.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

nasa.gov (Global: 75th place; English: 83rd place)

nautil.us (Global: low place; English: 9,564th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

physorg.com (Global: 6,156th place; English: 5,640th place)

rit.edu (Global: 8,676th place; English: 6,229th place)

spiff.rit.edu

rochester.edu (Global: 2,691st place; English: 1,948th place)

pas.rochester.edu

scientificamerican.com (Global: 896th place; English: 674th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

space.com (Global: 936th place; English: 713th place)

spaceref.com (Global: 8,446th place; English: 6,634th place)

unam.mx (Global: 769th place; English: 1,834th place)

astroscu.unam.mx

utoronto.ca (Global: 1,601st place; English: 1,117th place)

astro.utoronto.ca

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

search.worldcat.org

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

arxiv.org (Global: 69^th place; English: 59^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

caltech.edu (Global: 887^th place; English: 714^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

gizmodo.com (Global: 474^th place; English: 329^th place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

nasa.gov (Global: 75^th place; English: 83^rd place)

nautil.us (Global: low place; English: 9,564^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

physorg.com (Global: 6,156^th place; English: 5,640^th place)

rit.edu (Global: 8,676^th place; English: 6,229^th place)

rochester.edu (Global: 2,691^st place; English: 1,948^th place)

scientificamerican.com (Global: 896^th place; English: 674^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

space.com (Global: 936^th place; English: 713^th place)

spaceref.com (Global: 8,446^th place; English: 6,634^th place)

unam.mx (Global: 769^th place; English: 1,834^th place)

utoronto.ca (Global: 1,601^st place; English: 1,117^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)