Red giant (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Red giant" in English language version.

Last modified: 02:47:00, 23 August 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank English rank

3126adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

9^th place

2623doi.org

2^nd place

2019arxiv.org

49^th place

31^st place

1515semanticscholar.org

15^th place

8^th place

54worldcat.org

4^th place

21youtube.com

13^th place

14^th place

11nih.gov

5^th place

11nasa.gov

12^th place

73^rd place

11books.google.com

3^rd place

11web.archive.org

1^st place

11astrophysicsspectator.com

low place

11rit.edu

8,952^nd place

5,919^th place

11caltech.edu

240^th place

473^rd place

11space.com

862^nd place

703^rd place

11forbes.com

71^st place

54^th place

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Bedding, T. R.; Mosser, B.; Huber, D.; Montalbán, J.; Beck, P.; Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.; Elsworth, Y.; García, R. A.; Miglio, A.; Stello, D. (2011). "Gravity modes as a way to distinguish between hydrogen- and helium-burning red giant stars". Nature. 471 (7340): 608–611. arXiv:1103.5805. Bibcode:2011Natur.471..608B. doi:10.1038/nature09935. PMID 21455175.
Spruit, H. C. (2015). "The growth of helium-burning cores". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 582: L2. arXiv:1509.00659. Bibcode:2015A&A...582L...2S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527171.
Herwig, F. (2005). "Evolution of Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 43 (1): 435–479. Bibcode:2005ARA&A..43..435H. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.43.072103.150600.
Boothroyd, A. I.; Sackmann, I. -J. (1999). "The CNO Isotopes: Deep Circulation in Red Giants and First and Second Dredge-up". The Astrophysical Journal. 510 (1): 232–250. arXiv:astro-ph/9512121. Bibcode:1999ApJ...510..232B. doi:10.1086/306546. S2CID 561413.
Suzuki, Takeru K. (2007). "Structured Red Giant Winds with Magnetized Hot Bubbles and the Corona/Cool Wind Dividing Line". The Astrophysical Journal. 659 (2): 1592–1610. arXiv:astro-ph/0608195. Bibcode:2007ApJ...659.1592S. doi:10.1086/512600. S2CID 13957448.
Habing, Harm J.; Olofsson, Hans (2003). "Asymptotic giant branch stars". Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars. Bibcode:2003agbs.conf.....H.
Deutsch, A. J. (1970). "Chromospheric Activity in Red Giants, and Related Phenomena". Ultraviolet Stellar Spectra and Related Ground-Based Observations. Vol. 36. pp. 199–208. Bibcode:1970IAUS...36..199D. doi:10.1007/978-94-010-3293-3_33. ISBN 978-94-010-3295-7.
Vlemmings, Wouter; Khouri, Theo; O'Gorman, Eamon; De Beck, Elvire; Humphreys, Elizabeth; Lankhaar, Boy; Maercker, Matthias; Olofsson, Hans; Ramstedt, Sofia; Tafoya, Daniel; Takigawa, Aki (December 2017). "The shock-heated atmosphere of an asymptotic giant branch star resolved by ALMA". Nature Astronomy. 1 (12): 848–853. arXiv:1711.01153. Bibcode:2017NatAs...1..848V. doi:10.1038/s41550-017-0288-9. ISSN 2397-3366. S2CID 119393687.
O'Gorman, E.; Harper, G. M.; Ohnaka, K.; Feeney-Johansson, A.; Wilkeneit-Braun, K.; Brown, A.; Guinan, E. F.; Lim, J.; Richards, A. M. S.; Ryde, N.; Vlemmings, W. H. T. (June 2020). "ALMA and VLA reveal the lukewarm chromospheres of the nearby red supergiants Antares and Betelgeuse". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 638: A65. arXiv:2006.08023. Bibcode:2020A&A...638A..65O. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037756. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 219484950.
Wedemeyer, Sven; Kučinskas, Arūnas; Klevas, Jonas; Ludwig, Hans-Günter (1 October 2017). "Three-dimensional hydrodynamical CO5BOLD model atmospheres of red giant stars - VI. First chromosphere model of a late-type giant". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 606: A26. arXiv:1705.09641. Bibcode:2017A&A...606A..26W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201730405. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 119510487.
Schwarzschild, Martin (1975). "On the scale of photospheric convection in red giants and supergiants". Astrophysical Journal. 195: 137–144. Bibcode:1975ApJ...195..137S. doi:10.1086/153313.
Laughlin, G.; Bodenheimer, P.; Adams, F. C. (1997). "The End of the Main Sequence". The Astrophysical Journal. 482 (1): 420–432. Bibcode:1997ApJ...482..420L. doi:10.1086/304125.
Fagotto, F.; Bressan, A.; Bertelli, G.; Chiosi, C. (1994). "Evolutionary sequences of stellar models with new radiative opacities. IV. Z=0.004 and Z=0.008". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 105: 29. Bibcode:1994A&AS..105...29F.
Alves, David R.; Sarajedini, Ata (1999). "The Age-dependent Luminosities of the Red Giant Branch Bump, Asymptotic Giant Branch Bump, and Horizontal Branch Red Clump". The Astrophysical Journal. 511 (1): 225–234. arXiv:astro-ph/9808253. Bibcode:1999ApJ...511..225A. doi:10.1086/306655. S2CID 18834541.
Sackmann, I. -J.; Boothroyd, A. I.; Kraemer, K. E. (1993). "Our Sun. III. Present and Future". The Astrophysical Journal. 418: 457. Bibcode:1993ApJ...418..457S. doi:10.1086/173407.
Reiners, Ansgar; Basri, Gibor (2009). "On the magnetic topology of partially and fully convective stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 496 (3): 787. arXiv:0901.1659. Bibcode:2009A&A...496..787R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200811450. S2CID 15159121.
Crowther, P. A. (2007). "Physical Properties of Wolf-Rayet Stars". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 45 (1): 177–219. arXiv:astro-ph/0610356. Bibcode:2007ARA&A..45..177C. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.45.051806.110615. S2CID 1076292.
Georges Meynet; Cyril Georgy; Raphael Hirschi; Andre Maeder; et al. (12–16 July 2010). G. Rauw; M. De Becker; Y. Nazé; J.-M. Vreux; et al. (eds.). "Red Supergiants, Luminous Blue Variables and Wolf-Rayet stars: The single massive star perspective". Société Royale des Sciences de Liège, Bulletin (Proceedings of the 39th Liège Astrophysical Colloquium). v1. 80 (39). Liège: 266–278. arXiv:1101.5873. Bibcode:2011BSRSL..80..266M.
Lopez, Bruno; Schneider, Jean; Danchi, William C. (2005). "Can Life Develop in the Expanded Habitable Zones around Red Giant Stars?". The Astrophysical Journal. 627 (2): 974–985. arXiv:astro-ph/0503520. Bibcode:2005ApJ...627..974L. doi:10.1086/430416. S2CID 17075384.
Ramirez, Ramses M.; Kaltenegger, Lisa (2016). "Habitable Zones of Post-Main Sequence Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 823 (1): 6. arXiv:1605.04924. Bibcode:2016ApJ...823....6R. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/823/1/6. S2CID 119225201.
Jones, M. I.; Jenkins, J. S.; Bluhm, P.; Rojo, P.; Melo, C. H. F. (2014). "The properties of planets around giant stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 566: A113. arXiv:1406.0884. Bibcode:2014A&A...566A.113J. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201323345. S2CID 118396750.
Ireland, M. J.; et al. (May 2004). "Multiwavelength diameters of nearby Miras and semiregular variables". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 350 (1): 365–374. arXiv:astro-ph/0402326. Bibcode:2004MNRAS.350..365I. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07651.x. S2CID 15830460.
Abia, C.; Palmerini, S.; Busso, M.; Cristallo, S. (2012). "Carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios in Arcturus and Aldebaran. Constraining the parameters for non-convective mixing on the red giant branch". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 548: A55. arXiv:1210.1160. Bibcode:2012A&A...548A..55A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220148. S2CID 56386673.
Howes, Louise M.; Lindegren, Lennart; Feltzing, Sofia; Church, Ross P.; Bensby, Thomas (February 2019). "Estimating stellar ages and metallicities from parallaxes and broadband photometry: successes and shortcomings". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 622: A27. arXiv:1804.08321. Bibcode:2019A&A...622A..27H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833280. ISSN 0004-6361.
Alves, David R. (2000). "K-Band Calibration of the Red Clump Luminosity". The Astrophysical Journal. 539 (2): 732–741. arXiv:astro-ph/0003329. Bibcode:2000ApJ...539..732A. doi:10.1086/309278. S2CID 16673121.
Schröder, K.-P.; Connon Smith, R. (2008). "Distant future of the Sun and Earth revisited". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 386 (1): 155–163. arXiv:0801.4031. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.386..155S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13022.x. S2CID 10073988.

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

Bedding, T. R.; Mosser, B.; Huber, D.; Montalbán, J.; Beck, P.; Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.; Elsworth, Y.; García, R. A.; Miglio, A.; Stello, D. (2011). "Gravity modes as a way to distinguish between hydrogen- and helium-burning red giant stars". Nature. 471 (7340): 608–611. arXiv:1103.5805. Bibcode:2011Natur.471..608B. doi:10.1038/nature09935. PMID 21455175.
Spruit, H. C. (2015). "The growth of helium-burning cores". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 582: L2. arXiv:1509.00659. Bibcode:2015A&A...582L...2S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527171.
Boothroyd, A. I.; Sackmann, I. -J. (1999). "The CNO Isotopes: Deep Circulation in Red Giants and First and Second Dredge-up". The Astrophysical Journal. 510 (1): 232–250. arXiv:astro-ph/9512121. Bibcode:1999ApJ...510..232B. doi:10.1086/306546. S2CID 561413.
Suzuki, Takeru K. (2007). "Structured Red Giant Winds with Magnetized Hot Bubbles and the Corona/Cool Wind Dividing Line". The Astrophysical Journal. 659 (2): 1592–1610. arXiv:astro-ph/0608195. Bibcode:2007ApJ...659.1592S. doi:10.1086/512600. S2CID 13957448.
Vlemmings, Wouter; Khouri, Theo; O'Gorman, Eamon; De Beck, Elvire; Humphreys, Elizabeth; Lankhaar, Boy; Maercker, Matthias; Olofsson, Hans; Ramstedt, Sofia; Tafoya, Daniel; Takigawa, Aki (December 2017). "The shock-heated atmosphere of an asymptotic giant branch star resolved by ALMA". Nature Astronomy. 1 (12): 848–853. arXiv:1711.01153. Bibcode:2017NatAs...1..848V. doi:10.1038/s41550-017-0288-9. ISSN 2397-3366. S2CID 119393687.
O'Gorman, E.; Harper, G. M.; Ohnaka, K.; Feeney-Johansson, A.; Wilkeneit-Braun, K.; Brown, A.; Guinan, E. F.; Lim, J.; Richards, A. M. S.; Ryde, N.; Vlemmings, W. H. T. (June 2020). "ALMA and VLA reveal the lukewarm chromospheres of the nearby red supergiants Antares and Betelgeuse". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 638: A65. arXiv:2006.08023. Bibcode:2020A&A...638A..65O. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037756. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 219484950.
Wedemeyer, Sven; Kučinskas, Arūnas; Klevas, Jonas; Ludwig, Hans-Günter (1 October 2017). "Three-dimensional hydrodynamical CO5BOLD model atmospheres of red giant stars - VI. First chromosphere model of a late-type giant". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 606: A26. arXiv:1705.09641. Bibcode:2017A&A...606A..26W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201730405. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 119510487.
Alves, David R.; Sarajedini, Ata (1999). "The Age-dependent Luminosities of the Red Giant Branch Bump, Asymptotic Giant Branch Bump, and Horizontal Branch Red Clump". The Astrophysical Journal. 511 (1): 225–234. arXiv:astro-ph/9808253. Bibcode:1999ApJ...511..225A. doi:10.1086/306655. S2CID 18834541.
Reiners, Ansgar; Basri, Gibor (2009). "On the magnetic topology of partially and fully convective stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 496 (3): 787. arXiv:0901.1659. Bibcode:2009A&A...496..787R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200811450. S2CID 15159121.
Crowther, P. A. (2007). "Physical Properties of Wolf-Rayet Stars". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 45 (1): 177–219. arXiv:astro-ph/0610356. Bibcode:2007ARA&A..45..177C. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.45.051806.110615. S2CID 1076292.
Georges Meynet; Cyril Georgy; Raphael Hirschi; Andre Maeder; et al. (12–16 July 2010). G. Rauw; M. De Becker; Y. Nazé; J.-M. Vreux; et al. (eds.). "Red Supergiants, Luminous Blue Variables and Wolf-Rayet stars: The single massive star perspective". Société Royale des Sciences de Liège, Bulletin (Proceedings of the 39th Liège Astrophysical Colloquium). v1. 80 (39). Liège: 266–278. arXiv:1101.5873. Bibcode:2011BSRSL..80..266M.
Lopez, Bruno; Schneider, Jean; Danchi, William C. (2005). "Can Life Develop in the Expanded Habitable Zones around Red Giant Stars?". The Astrophysical Journal. 627 (2): 974–985. arXiv:astro-ph/0503520. Bibcode:2005ApJ...627..974L. doi:10.1086/430416. S2CID 17075384.
Ramirez, Ramses M.; Kaltenegger, Lisa (2016). "Habitable Zones of Post-Main Sequence Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 823 (1): 6. arXiv:1605.04924. Bibcode:2016ApJ...823....6R. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/823/1/6. S2CID 119225201.
Jones, M. I.; Jenkins, J. S.; Bluhm, P.; Rojo, P.; Melo, C. H. F. (2014). "The properties of planets around giant stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 566: A113. arXiv:1406.0884. Bibcode:2014A&A...566A.113J. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201323345. S2CID 118396750.
Ireland, M. J.; et al. (May 2004). "Multiwavelength diameters of nearby Miras and semiregular variables". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 350 (1): 365–374. arXiv:astro-ph/0402326. Bibcode:2004MNRAS.350..365I. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07651.x. S2CID 15830460.
Abia, C.; Palmerini, S.; Busso, M.; Cristallo, S. (2012). "Carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios in Arcturus and Aldebaran. Constraining the parameters for non-convective mixing on the red giant branch". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 548: A55. arXiv:1210.1160. Bibcode:2012A&A...548A..55A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220148. S2CID 56386673.
Howes, Louise M.; Lindegren, Lennart; Feltzing, Sofia; Church, Ross P.; Bensby, Thomas (February 2019). "Estimating stellar ages and metallicities from parallaxes and broadband photometry: successes and shortcomings". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 622: A27. arXiv:1804.08321. Bibcode:2019A&A...622A..27H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833280. ISSN 0004-6361.
Alves, David R. (2000). "K-Band Calibration of the Red Clump Luminosity". The Astrophysical Journal. 539 (2): 732–741. arXiv:astro-ph/0003329. Bibcode:2000ApJ...539..732A. doi:10.1086/309278. S2CID 16673121.
Schröder, K.-P.; Connon Smith, R. (2008). "Distant future of the Sun and Earth revisited". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 386 (1): 155–163. arXiv:0801.4031. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.386..155S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13022.x. S2CID 10073988.

astrophysicsspectator.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Brainerd, Jerome James (16 February 2005). "Main-Sequence Stars". Stars. The Astrophysics Spectator. Archived from the original on 6 December 2006. Retrieved 29 December 2006.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Tiago L. Campante; Nuno C. Santos; Mário J. P. F. G. Monteiro (3 November 2017). Asteroseismology and Exoplanets: Listening to the Stars and Searching for New Worlds: IVth Azores International Advanced School in Space Sciences. Springer. pp. 99–. ISBN 978-3-319-59315-9.

caltech.edu (Global: 240^th place; English: 473^rd place)

exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu

"Planetary Systems". exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 10 August 2023.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Bedding, T. R.; Mosser, B.; Huber, D.; Montalbán, J.; Beck, P.; Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.; Elsworth, Y.; García, R. A.; Miglio, A.; Stello, D. (2011). "Gravity modes as a way to distinguish between hydrogen- and helium-burning red giant stars". Nature. 471 (7340): 608–611. arXiv:1103.5805. Bibcode:2011Natur.471..608B. doi:10.1038/nature09935. PMID 21455175.
Spruit, H. C. (2015). "The growth of helium-burning cores". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 582: L2. arXiv:1509.00659. Bibcode:2015A&A...582L...2S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527171.
Herwig, F. (2005). "Evolution of Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 43 (1): 435–479. Bibcode:2005ARA&A..43..435H. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.43.072103.150600.
Boothroyd, A. I.; Sackmann, I. -J. (1999). "The CNO Isotopes: Deep Circulation in Red Giants and First and Second Dredge-up". The Astrophysical Journal. 510 (1): 232–250. arXiv:astro-ph/9512121. Bibcode:1999ApJ...510..232B. doi:10.1086/306546. S2CID 561413.
Suzuki, Takeru K. (2007). "Structured Red Giant Winds with Magnetized Hot Bubbles and the Corona/Cool Wind Dividing Line". The Astrophysical Journal. 659 (2): 1592–1610. arXiv:astro-ph/0608195. Bibcode:2007ApJ...659.1592S. doi:10.1086/512600. S2CID 13957448.
Deutsch, A. J. (1970). "Chromospheric Activity in Red Giants, and Related Phenomena". Ultraviolet Stellar Spectra and Related Ground-Based Observations. Vol. 36. pp. 199–208. Bibcode:1970IAUS...36..199D. doi:10.1007/978-94-010-3293-3_33. ISBN 978-94-010-3295-7.
Vlemmings, Wouter; Khouri, Theo; O'Gorman, Eamon; De Beck, Elvire; Humphreys, Elizabeth; Lankhaar, Boy; Maercker, Matthias; Olofsson, Hans; Ramstedt, Sofia; Tafoya, Daniel; Takigawa, Aki (December 2017). "The shock-heated atmosphere of an asymptotic giant branch star resolved by ALMA". Nature Astronomy. 1 (12): 848–853. arXiv:1711.01153. Bibcode:2017NatAs...1..848V. doi:10.1038/s41550-017-0288-9. ISSN 2397-3366. S2CID 119393687.
O'Gorman, E.; Harper, G. M.; Ohnaka, K.; Feeney-Johansson, A.; Wilkeneit-Braun, K.; Brown, A.; Guinan, E. F.; Lim, J.; Richards, A. M. S.; Ryde, N.; Vlemmings, W. H. T. (June 2020). "ALMA and VLA reveal the lukewarm chromospheres of the nearby red supergiants Antares and Betelgeuse". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 638: A65. arXiv:2006.08023. Bibcode:2020A&A...638A..65O. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037756. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 219484950.
Wedemeyer, Sven; Kučinskas, Arūnas; Klevas, Jonas; Ludwig, Hans-Günter (1 October 2017). "Three-dimensional hydrodynamical CO5BOLD model atmospheres of red giant stars - VI. First chromosphere model of a late-type giant". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 606: A26. arXiv:1705.09641. Bibcode:2017A&A...606A..26W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201730405. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 119510487.
Schwarzschild, Martin (1975). "On the scale of photospheric convection in red giants and supergiants". Astrophysical Journal. 195: 137–144. Bibcode:1975ApJ...195..137S. doi:10.1086/153313.
Laughlin, G.; Bodenheimer, P.; Adams, F. C. (1997). "The End of the Main Sequence". The Astrophysical Journal. 482 (1): 420–432. Bibcode:1997ApJ...482..420L. doi:10.1086/304125.
Alves, David R.; Sarajedini, Ata (1999). "The Age-dependent Luminosities of the Red Giant Branch Bump, Asymptotic Giant Branch Bump, and Horizontal Branch Red Clump". The Astrophysical Journal. 511 (1): 225–234. arXiv:astro-ph/9808253. Bibcode:1999ApJ...511..225A. doi:10.1086/306655. S2CID 18834541.
Sackmann, I. -J.; Boothroyd, A. I.; Kraemer, K. E. (1993). "Our Sun. III. Present and Future". The Astrophysical Journal. 418: 457. Bibcode:1993ApJ...418..457S. doi:10.1086/173407.
Reiners, Ansgar; Basri, Gibor (2009). "On the magnetic topology of partially and fully convective stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 496 (3): 787. arXiv:0901.1659. Bibcode:2009A&A...496..787R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200811450. S2CID 15159121.
Crowther, P. A. (2007). "Physical Properties of Wolf-Rayet Stars". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 45 (1): 177–219. arXiv:astro-ph/0610356. Bibcode:2007ARA&A..45..177C. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.45.051806.110615. S2CID 1076292.
Lopez, Bruno; Schneider, Jean; Danchi, William C. (2005). "Can Life Develop in the Expanded Habitable Zones around Red Giant Stars?". The Astrophysical Journal. 627 (2): 974–985. arXiv:astro-ph/0503520. Bibcode:2005ApJ...627..974L. doi:10.1086/430416. S2CID 17075384.
Ramirez, Ramses M.; Kaltenegger, Lisa (2016). "Habitable Zones of Post-Main Sequence Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 823 (1): 6. arXiv:1605.04924. Bibcode:2016ApJ...823....6R. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/823/1/6. S2CID 119225201.
Jones, M. I.; Jenkins, J. S.; Bluhm, P.; Rojo, P.; Melo, C. H. F. (2014). "The properties of planets around giant stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 566: A113. arXiv:1406.0884. Bibcode:2014A&A...566A.113J. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201323345. S2CID 118396750.
Ireland, M. J.; et al. (May 2004). "Multiwavelength diameters of nearby Miras and semiregular variables". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 350 (1): 365–374. arXiv:astro-ph/0402326. Bibcode:2004MNRAS.350..365I. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07651.x. S2CID 15830460.
Abia, C.; Palmerini, S.; Busso, M.; Cristallo, S. (2012). "Carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios in Arcturus and Aldebaran. Constraining the parameters for non-convective mixing on the red giant branch". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 548: A55. arXiv:1210.1160. Bibcode:2012A&A...548A..55A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220148. S2CID 56386673.
Howes, Louise M.; Lindegren, Lennart; Feltzing, Sofia; Church, Ross P.; Bensby, Thomas (February 2019). "Estimating stellar ages and metallicities from parallaxes and broadband photometry: successes and shortcomings". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 622: A27. arXiv:1804.08321. Bibcode:2019A&A...622A..27H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833280. ISSN 0004-6361.
Alves, David R. (2000). "K-Band Calibration of the Red Clump Luminosity". The Astrophysical Journal. 539 (2): 732–741. arXiv:astro-ph/0003329. Bibcode:2000ApJ...539..732A. doi:10.1086/309278. S2CID 16673121.
Schröder, K.-P.; Connon Smith, R. (2008). "Distant future of the Sun and Earth revisited". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 386 (1): 155–163. arXiv:0801.4031. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.386..155S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13022.x. S2CID 10073988.

forbes.com (Global: 71^st place; English: 54^th place)

Siegel, Ethan (8 February 2020). "Ask Ethan: Will The Earth Eventually Be Swallowed By The Sun?". Forbes. Retrieved 12 March 2021.

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; English: 73^rd place)

science.nasa.gov

"Stars". NASA Science Mission Directorate. 16 March 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2023.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bedding, T. R.; Mosser, B.; Huber, D.; Montalbán, J.; Beck, P.; Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.; Elsworth, Y.; García, R. A.; Miglio, A.; Stello, D. (2011). "Gravity modes as a way to distinguish between hydrogen- and helium-burning red giant stars". Nature. 471 (7340): 608–611. arXiv:1103.5805. Bibcode:2011Natur.471..608B. doi:10.1038/nature09935. PMID 21455175.

rit.edu (Global: 8,952^nd place; English: 5,919^th place)

spiff.rit.edu

Richmond, Michael. "Late stages of evolution for low-mass stars". Retrieved 29 December 2006.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Boothroyd, A. I.; Sackmann, I. -J. (1999). "The CNO Isotopes: Deep Circulation in Red Giants and First and Second Dredge-up". The Astrophysical Journal. 510 (1): 232–250. arXiv:astro-ph/9512121. Bibcode:1999ApJ...510..232B. doi:10.1086/306546. S2CID 561413.
Suzuki, Takeru K. (2007). "Structured Red Giant Winds with Magnetized Hot Bubbles and the Corona/Cool Wind Dividing Line". The Astrophysical Journal. 659 (2): 1592–1610. arXiv:astro-ph/0608195. Bibcode:2007ApJ...659.1592S. doi:10.1086/512600. S2CID 13957448.
Vlemmings, Wouter; Khouri, Theo; O'Gorman, Eamon; De Beck, Elvire; Humphreys, Elizabeth; Lankhaar, Boy; Maercker, Matthias; Olofsson, Hans; Ramstedt, Sofia; Tafoya, Daniel; Takigawa, Aki (December 2017). "The shock-heated atmosphere of an asymptotic giant branch star resolved by ALMA". Nature Astronomy. 1 (12): 848–853. arXiv:1711.01153. Bibcode:2017NatAs...1..848V. doi:10.1038/s41550-017-0288-9. ISSN 2397-3366. S2CID 119393687.
O'Gorman, E.; Harper, G. M.; Ohnaka, K.; Feeney-Johansson, A.; Wilkeneit-Braun, K.; Brown, A.; Guinan, E. F.; Lim, J.; Richards, A. M. S.; Ryde, N.; Vlemmings, W. H. T. (June 2020). "ALMA and VLA reveal the lukewarm chromospheres of the nearby red supergiants Antares and Betelgeuse". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 638: A65. arXiv:2006.08023. Bibcode:2020A&A...638A..65O. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037756. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 219484950.
Wedemeyer, Sven; Kučinskas, Arūnas; Klevas, Jonas; Ludwig, Hans-Günter (1 October 2017). "Three-dimensional hydrodynamical CO5BOLD model atmospheres of red giant stars - VI. First chromosphere model of a late-type giant". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 606: A26. arXiv:1705.09641. Bibcode:2017A&A...606A..26W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201730405. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 119510487.
Alves, David R.; Sarajedini, Ata (1999). "The Age-dependent Luminosities of the Red Giant Branch Bump, Asymptotic Giant Branch Bump, and Horizontal Branch Red Clump". The Astrophysical Journal. 511 (1): 225–234. arXiv:astro-ph/9808253. Bibcode:1999ApJ...511..225A. doi:10.1086/306655. S2CID 18834541.
Reiners, Ansgar; Basri, Gibor (2009). "On the magnetic topology of partially and fully convective stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 496 (3): 787. arXiv:0901.1659. Bibcode:2009A&A...496..787R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200811450. S2CID 15159121.
Crowther, P. A. (2007). "Physical Properties of Wolf-Rayet Stars". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 45 (1): 177–219. arXiv:astro-ph/0610356. Bibcode:2007ARA&A..45..177C. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.45.051806.110615. S2CID 1076292.
Lopez, Bruno; Schneider, Jean; Danchi, William C. (2005). "Can Life Develop in the Expanded Habitable Zones around Red Giant Stars?". The Astrophysical Journal. 627 (2): 974–985. arXiv:astro-ph/0503520. Bibcode:2005ApJ...627..974L. doi:10.1086/430416. S2CID 17075384.
Ramirez, Ramses M.; Kaltenegger, Lisa (2016). "Habitable Zones of Post-Main Sequence Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 823 (1): 6. arXiv:1605.04924. Bibcode:2016ApJ...823....6R. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/823/1/6. S2CID 119225201.
Jones, M. I.; Jenkins, J. S.; Bluhm, P.; Rojo, P.; Melo, C. H. F. (2014). "The properties of planets around giant stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 566: A113. arXiv:1406.0884. Bibcode:2014A&A...566A.113J. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201323345. S2CID 118396750.
Ireland, M. J.; et al. (May 2004). "Multiwavelength diameters of nearby Miras and semiregular variables". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 350 (1): 365–374. arXiv:astro-ph/0402326. Bibcode:2004MNRAS.350..365I. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07651.x. S2CID 15830460.
Abia, C.; Palmerini, S.; Busso, M.; Cristallo, S. (2012). "Carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios in Arcturus and Aldebaran. Constraining the parameters for non-convective mixing on the red giant branch". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 548: A55. arXiv:1210.1160. Bibcode:2012A&A...548A..55A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220148. S2CID 56386673.
Alves, David R. (2000). "K-Band Calibration of the Red Clump Luminosity". The Astrophysical Journal. 539 (2): 732–741. arXiv:astro-ph/0003329. Bibcode:2000ApJ...539..732A. doi:10.1086/309278. S2CID 16673121.
Schröder, K.-P.; Connon Smith, R. (2008). "Distant future of the Sun and Earth revisited". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 386 (1): 155–163. arXiv:0801.4031. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.386..155S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13022.x. S2CID 10073988.

space.com (Global: 862^nd place; English: 703^rd place)

Nola Taylor Redd. "Red Giant Stars: Facts, Definition & the Future of the Sun". space.com. Retrieved 20 February 2016.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Brainerd, Jerome James (16 February 2005). "Main-Sequence Stars". Stars. The Astrophysics Spectator. Archived from the original on 6 December 2006. Retrieved 29 December 2006.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Vlemmings, Wouter; Khouri, Theo; O'Gorman, Eamon; De Beck, Elvire; Humphreys, Elizabeth; Lankhaar, Boy; Maercker, Matthias; Olofsson, Hans; Ramstedt, Sofia; Tafoya, Daniel; Takigawa, Aki (December 2017). "The shock-heated atmosphere of an asymptotic giant branch star resolved by ALMA". Nature Astronomy. 1 (12): 848–853. arXiv:1711.01153. Bibcode:2017NatAs...1..848V. doi:10.1038/s41550-017-0288-9. ISSN 2397-3366. S2CID 119393687.
O'Gorman, E.; Harper, G. M.; Ohnaka, K.; Feeney-Johansson, A.; Wilkeneit-Braun, K.; Brown, A.; Guinan, E. F.; Lim, J.; Richards, A. M. S.; Ryde, N.; Vlemmings, W. H. T. (June 2020). "ALMA and VLA reveal the lukewarm chromospheres of the nearby red supergiants Antares and Betelgeuse". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 638: A65. arXiv:2006.08023. Bibcode:2020A&A...638A..65O. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037756. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 219484950.
Wedemeyer, Sven; Kučinskas, Arūnas; Klevas, Jonas; Ludwig, Hans-Günter (1 October 2017). "Three-dimensional hydrodynamical CO5BOLD model atmospheres of red giant stars - VI. First chromosphere model of a late-type giant". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 606: A26. arXiv:1705.09641. Bibcode:2017A&A...606A..26W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201730405. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 119510487.
Howes, Louise M.; Lindegren, Lennart; Feltzing, Sofia; Church, Ross P.; Bensby, Thomas (February 2019). "Estimating stellar ages and metallicities from parallaxes and broadband photometry: successes and shortcomings". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 622: A27. arXiv:1804.08321. Bibcode:2019A&A...622A..27H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833280. ISSN 0004-6361.

youtube.com (Global: 13^th place; English: 14^th place)

The Red Giant Sun Seen From Every Planet in the Solar System. Universe Dimensions. 17 July 2026. Retrieved 20 July 2026 – via YouTube.

Red giant (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

arxiv.org (Global: 49th place; English: 31st place)

astrophysicsspectator.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

caltech.edu (Global: 240th place; English: 473rd place)

exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

forbes.com (Global: 71st place; English: 54th place)

nasa.gov (Global: 12th place; English: 73rd place)