Redlining (English Wikipedia)

Hanks, Angela; Solomon, Danyelle; Weller, Christian E. (February 21, 2018). "Systematic Inequality". Center for American Progress. Retrieved December 17, 2018.

apha.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Housing and Homelessness as a Public Health Issue". APHA. November 7, 2017. Policy Brief 20178. Retrieved June 28, 2023.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Gelfand, Mark I. (1975). A Nation of Cities: The Federal Government and Urban America, 1933–1965. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-19-501941-4.
Howard, Philip (2005). New Media Campaigns and the Managed Citizen. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-521-61227-2.

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; English: 14^th place)

"Part II, Section 9, Rating of Location". Underwriting Manual: Underwriting and Valuation Procedure Under Title II of the National Housing Act With Revisions to February 1938. Washington, D.C.: Federal Housing Administration. Archived from the original on December 20, 2012. Retrieved May 30, 2014. Recommended restrictions should include provision for the following: Prohibition of the occupancy of properties except by the race for which they are intended [...] Schools should be appropriate to the needs of the new community and they should not be attended in large numbers by inharmonious racial groups
Thomsen, Mark (October 1, 2001). "ShoreBank Surpasses $1 Billion in Community Development Investment". Social Funds. Archived from the original on September 10, 2012. Retrieved January 8, 2007.

archives.gov (Global: 446^th place; English: 308^th place)

archives.gov

The HOLC maps are part of the records of the FHLBB (RG195) at the "National Archives". U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.

obamawhitehouse.archives.gov

Podesta, John; Pritzker, Penny; Moniz, Earnest J.; Holdren, John; Zients, Jeffery (May 2014). "Big Data: Seizing Opportunities, Preserving Values" (PDF). Whitehouse.gov. p. 46. Retrieved March 30, 2019.

benjaminjameswaddell.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Wilson, William J. (1996). When work disappears: the world of the new urban poor (PDF) (1st ed.). New York: Knopf. p. 50 (PDF page 10). ISBN 978-0-679-72417-9.

berkeleydaily.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Angela Rowen. "Minority Communities Need More Parks, Report Says". The Berkeley Daily Planet. Archived from the original on February 20, 2008. Retrieved November 14, 2007.

buffalonews.com (Global: 1,545^th place; English: 809^th place)

Glynn, Matt (September 2, 2014). "Evans Bancorp isn't only lender at risk of redlining lawsuit". The Buffalo News. Archived from the original on March 8, 2017. Retrieved March 8, 2017.

ca.gov (Global: 421^st place; English: 263^rd place)

sonomacounty.ca.gov

"Restrictive Covenant Modification". sonomacounty.ca.gov.

chicagofed.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Aaronson, Daniel; Hartley, Daniel; Mazumder, Bhashkar (2021). "The Effects of the 1930s HOLC 'Redlining' Maps" (PDF). American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. 13 (4): 355–392. doi:10.1257/pol.20190414. hdl:10419/200568. S2CID 204505153.

colostate.edu (Global: 3,616^th place; English: 2,556^th place)

lamar.colostate.edu

Hallahan, Kirk (1992). "The mortgage redlining controversy, 1972-75" (PDF). Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (75th, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, August 5–8, 1992). OCLC 31165884. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 9, 2013.

commonsense.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Gilliard, Chris (May 24, 2016). "Digital Redlining, Access, and Privacy". Common Sense Education. Archived from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved March 31, 2019.

consumerfinance.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)

"§ 1002.1 Authority, scope and purpose". Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.

democracyeducationjournal.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Martin, Lori; Varner, Kenneth (May 1, 2017). "Race, Residential Segregation, and the Death of Democracy: Education and Myth of Postracialism". Democracy and Education. 25 (1). doi:10.65214/2164-7992.1265.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Locke, Dexter H.; Hall, Billy; Grove, J. Morgan; Pickett, Steward T. A.; Ogden, Laura A.; Aoki, Carissa; Boone, Christopher G.; O'Neil-Dunne, Jarlath P. M. (March 25, 2021). "Residential housing segregation and urban tree canopy in 37 US Cities". npj Urban Sustainability. 1 (1): 15. Bibcode:2021npjUS...1...15L. doi:10.1038/s42949-021-00022-0. S2CID 232342980.
Hightower, Cameron; Fraser, James C. (March 2020). "The Raced–Space of Gentrification: 'Reverse Blockbusting,' Home Selling, and Neighborhood Remake in North Nashville". City & Community. 19 (1): 223–244. doi:10.1111/cico.12444. S2CID 210384415.
Gabriel, Stuart A.; Rosenthal, Stuart S. (May 1991). "Credit rationing, race, and the mortgage market". Journal of Urban Economics. 29 (3): 371–379. doi:10.1016/0094-1190(91)90007-T.
Martin, Lori; Varner, Kenneth (May 1, 2017). "Race, Residential Segregation, and the Death of Democracy: Education and Myth of Postracialism". Democracy and Education. 25 (1). doi:10.65214/2164-7992.1265.
Winling, LaDale C; Michney, Todd M (June 1, 2021). "The Roots of Redlining: Academic, Governmental, and Professional Networks in the Making of the New Deal Lending Regime". Journal of American History. 108 (1): 42–69. doi:10.1093/jahist/jaab066.
Markley, Scott (July 7, 2023). "Federal 'redlining' maps: A critical reappraisal". Urban Studies. 61 (2): 195–213. doi:10.1177/00420980231182336. S2CID 259557704.
Ansfield, Bench (March 1, 2021). "The Crisis of Insurance and the Insuring of the Crisis: Riot Reinsurance and Redlining in the Aftermath of the 1960s Uprisings". Journal of American History. 107 (4): 899–921. doi:10.1093/jahist/jaaa533.
Bloch, Stefano; Phillips, Susan A. (2022). "Mapping and making gangland: A legacy of redlining and enjoining gang neighbourhoods in Los Angeles". Urban Studies. 59 (4): 750–770. Bibcode:2022UrbSt..59..750B. doi:10.1177/00420980211010426. S2CID 236550571.
Chetty, Raj; Hendren, Nathaniel; Jones, Maggie R.; Porter, Sonya R. (2018). Race and Economic Opportunity in the United States: An Intergenerational Perspective (Report). doi:10.3386/w24441. NBER Working Paper No. w24441. Later published as: Chetty, Raj; Hendren, Nathaniel; Jones, Maggie R.; Porter, Sonya R. (2019). "Race and Economic Opportunity in the United States: An Intergenerational Perspective". The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 135 (2): 711–783. doi:10.1093/qje/qjz042.
Aaronson, Daniel; Hartley, Daniel; Mazumder, Bhashkar (2021). "The Effects of the 1930s HOLC 'Redlining' Maps" (PDF). American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. 13 (4): 355–392. doi:10.1257/pol.20190414. hdl:10419/200568. S2CID 204505153.
Cohen-Cole, Ethan (2011). "Credit Card Redlining". Review of Economics and Statistics. 93 (2): 700–713. doi:10.1162/REST_a_00052. S2CID 18480342. SSRN 1098403.
Bullard, Robert D. (2001). "Environmental Justice in the 21st Century: Race Still Matters" (PDF). Phylon. 49 (3/4): 151–171. doi:10.2307/3132626. JSTOR 3132626.
Ross, Stephen L.; Tootell, Geoffrey M.B. (2004). "Redlining, the Community Reinvestment Act, and private mortgage insurance". Journal of Urban Economics. 55 (2): 278–297. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.194.5280. doi:10.1016/S0094-1190(02)00508-9.
Squires, Gregory D (2016). "Racial Profiling, Insurance Style: Insurance Redlining and the Uneven Development of Metropolitan Areas". Journal of Urban Affairs. 25 (4): 391–410. doi:10.1111/1467-9906.t01-1-00168. S2CID 10070258.
Squires, Gregory D; Chadwick, Jan (2016). "Linguistic Profiling". Urban Affairs Review. 41 (3): 400–15. doi:10.1177/1078087405281064. S2CID 154136739.
Holloway, Steven R. (1998). "Exploring the Neighborhood Contingency of Race Discrimination in Mortgage Lending in Columbus, Ohio". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 88 (2): 252–276. Bibcode:1998AAAG...88..252H. doi:10.1111/1467-8306.00093. JSTOR 2564210.
Immergluck, Dan (2002). "Redlining Redux: Black Neighborhoods, Black-Owned Firms, and the Regulatory Cold Shoulder". Urban Affairs Review. 38 (1): 22–41. doi:10.1177/107808702401097781. S2CID 153818729.
Quillian, Lincoln; Lee, John J.; Honoré, Brandon (March 2020). "Racial Discrimination in the U.S. Housing and Mortgage Lending Markets: A Quantitative Review of Trends, 1976–2016". Race and Social Problems. 12 (1): 13–28. doi:10.1007/s12552-019-09276-x. ISSN 1867-1748.
Lane, Haley M.; Morello-Frosch, Rachel; Marshall, Julian D.; Apte, Joshua S. (March 9, 2022). "Historical Redlining Is Associated with Present-Day Air Pollution Disparities in U.S. Cities". Environmental Science & Technology Letters. 9 (4): 345–350. Bibcode:2022EnSTL...9..345L. doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.1c01012. PMC 9009174. PMID 35434171.
Hwa Jung, Kyung; Pitkowsky, Zachary; Argenio, Kira; Quinn, James W.; Bruzzese, Jean-Marie; Miller, Rachel L.; Chillrud, Steven N.; Perzanowski, Matthew; Stingone, Jeanette A.; Lovinsky-Desir, Stephanie (November 1, 2022). "The effects of the historical practice of residential redlining in the United States on recent temporal trends of air pollution near New York City schools". Environment International. 169 107551. Bibcode:2022EnInt.16907551H. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107551. ISSN 0160-4120. PMC 9616211. PMID 36183489.
Kingsley, Samantha L.; Eliot, Melissa N.; Carlson, Lynn; Finn, Jennifer; MacIntosh, David L.; Suh, Helen H.; Wellenius, Gregory A. (May 2014). "Proximity of US schools to major roadways: a nationwide assessment". Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology. 24 (3): 253–259. Bibcode:2014JESEE..24..253K. doi:10.1038/jes.2014.5. ISSN 1559-064X. PMC 4179205. PMID 24496217.
Tessum, Christopher W.; Paolella, David A.; Chambliss, Sarah E.; Apte, Joshua S.; Hill, Jason D.; Marshall, Julian D. (April 30, 2021). "PM 2.5 polluters disproportionately and systemically affect people of color in the United States". Science Advances. 7 (18) eabf4491. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.4491T. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abf4491. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 11426197. PMID 33910895.
Wallace, R. (1990). "Urban desertification, public health and public order: 'planned shrinkage', violent death, substance abuse and AIDS in the Bronx". Social Science & Medicine. 31 (7): 801–13. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(90)90175-r. PMID 2244222.
Pulido, Laura; De Lara, Juan (March 2018). "Reimagining 'justice' in environmental justice: Radical ecologies, decolonial thought, and the Black Radical Tradition". Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space. 1 (1–2): 76–98. Bibcode:2018EnPlE...1...76P. doi:10.1177/2514848618770363. S2CID 149765978.
Pellow, David; Vazin, Jasmine (January 2019). "The Intersection of Race, Immigration Status, and Environmental Justice". Sustainability. 11 (14): 3942. Bibcode:2019Sust...11.3942P. doi:10.3390/su11143942.
Pulido, Laura (August 2017). "Geographies of race and ethnicity II: Environmental racism, racial capitalism and state-sanctioned violence". Progress in Human Geography. 41 (4): 524–533. doi:10.1177/0309132516646495. S2CID 147792869.
Egede, Leonard E.; Walker, Rebekah J.; Campbell, Jennifer A.; Linde, Sebastian; Hawks, Laura C.; Burgess, Kaylin M. (May 1, 2023). "Modern Day Consequences of Historic Redlining: Finding a Path Forward". Journal of General Internal Medicine. 38 (6): 1534–1537. doi:10.1007/s11606-023-08051-4. ISSN 1525-1497. PMC 9901820. PMID 36746831.
Kraus, N. T., Connor, S., Shoda, K., Moore, S. E., & Irani, E. (2024). Historic Redlining and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Public Health Nursing, 41, 287–296. https://doi.org/10.1111/phn.13276
Link, Bruce G.; Phelan, Jo (1995). "Social Conditions As Fundamental Causes of Disease". Journal of Health and Social Behavior. Spec No (Extra Issue): 80–94. doi:10.2307/2626958. hdl:1903/24678. JSTOR 2626958. PMID 7560851. ProQuest 201654321.
Bailey, Zinzi D; Krieger, Nancy; Agénor, Madina; Graves, Jasmine; Linos, Natalia; Bassett, Mary T (April 2017). "Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: evidence and interventions". The Lancet. 389 (10077): 1453–1463. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30569-X. PMID 28402827. S2CID 4669313.
Plascak, Jesse J.; Beyer, Kirsten; Xu, Xinyi; Stroup, Antoinette M.; Jacob, Gabrielle; Llanos, Adana A. M. (July 8, 2022). "Association Between Residence in Historically Redlined Districts Indicative of Structural Racism and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Breast Cancer Outcomes". JAMA Network Open. 5 (7): e2220908. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.20908. ISSN 2574-3805. PMC 9270695. PMID 35802373.
Moazzam, Zorays; Woldesenbet, Selamawit; Endo, Yutaka; Alaimo, Laura; Lima, Henrique A.; Cloyd, Jordan; Dillhoff, Mary; Ejaz, Aslam; Pawlik, Timothy M. (September 1, 2023). "Association of Historical Redlining and Present-Day Social Vulnerability with Cancer Screening". Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 237 (3): 454–464. doi:10.1097/XCS.0000000000000779. ISSN 1879-1190. PMID 37318132.
Cross, Rebekah Israel; Huỳnh, James; Bradford, Natalie J.; Francis, Brittney (2023). "Racialized Housing Discrimination and Population Health: a Scoping Review and Research Agenda". Journal of Urban Health. 100 (2): 355–388. doi:10.1007/s11524-023-00725-y. ISSN 1099-3460. PMC 10103672. PMID 37058240.
Graetz, Nick; Esposito, Michael (July 14, 2023). "Historical Redlining and Contemporary Racial Disparities in Neighborhood Life Expectancy". Social Forces. 102 (1): 1–22. doi:10.1093/sf/soac114. ISSN 0037-7732.
Huang, Shuo Jim; Sehgal, Neil Jay (January 19, 2022). "Association of historic redlining and present-day health in Baltimore". PLOS ONE. 17 (1) e0261028. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1761028H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261028. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 8769359. PMID 35045092.
Myers, JoAnne (2020). The good citizen: the markers of privilege in America. doi:10.4324/9781351006705. ISBN 978-1-351-00669-9. OCLC 1111653987. S2CID 211349002.^{[page needed]}
Danaei, Goodarz; Rimm, Eric B.; Oza, Shefali; Kulkarni, Sandeep C.; Murray, Christopher J. L.; Ezzati, Majid (2010). "The Promise of Prevention: The Effects of Four Preventable Risk Factors on National Life Expectancy and Life Expectancy Disparities by Race and County in the United States". PLOS Medicine. 7 (3) e1000248. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000248. PMC 2843596. PMID 20351772.

ecfr.gov (Global: 5,608^th place; English: 3,261^st place)

"Federal Register :: Request Access". unblock.federalregister.gov.
"Federal Register :: Request Access". unblock.federalregister.gov.

educause.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

er.educause.edu

Gilliard, Chris (July 3, 2017). "Pedagogy and the Logic of Platforms". EDUCAUSE Review. Retrieved April 4, 2019.

fairhousing.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The History of Insurance Redlining". National Fair Housing Advocate Online. Archived from the original on March 17, 2017. Retrieved March 16, 2017.

feasta.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Douthwaite, Richard. "HOW A BANK CAN TRANSFORM A NEIGHBOURHOOD". Short Circuit. Retrieved January 8, 2007.

finaid.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"FinAid | Loans | Anti-Discrimination Rules for Education Lenders". www.finaid.org. Archived from the original on February 18, 2020. Retrieved February 18, 2020.

gvsu.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

scholarworks.gvsu.edu

Immergluck, Dan (2002). "Redlining Redux: Black Neighborhoods, Black-Owned Firms, and the Regulatory Cold Shoulder". Urban Affairs Review. 38 (1): 22–41. doi:10.1177/107808702401097781. S2CID 153818729.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Aaronson, Daniel; Hartley, Daniel; Mazumder, Bhashkar (2021). "The Effects of the 1930s HOLC 'Redlining' Maps" (PDF). American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. 13 (4): 355–392. doi:10.1257/pol.20190414. hdl:10419/200568. S2CID 204505153.
Link, Bruce G.; Phelan, Jo (1995). "Social Conditions As Fundamental Causes of Disease". Journal of Health and Social Behavior. Spec No (Extra Issue): 80–94. doi:10.2307/2626958. hdl:1903/24678. JSTOR 2626958. PMID 7560851. ProQuest 201654321.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Locke, Dexter H.; Hall, Billy; Grove, J. Morgan; Pickett, Steward T. A.; Ogden, Laura A.; Aoki, Carissa; Boone, Christopher G.; O'Neil-Dunne, Jarlath P. M. (March 25, 2021). "Residential housing segregation and urban tree canopy in 37 US Cities". npj Urban Sustainability. 1 (1): 15. Bibcode:2021npjUS...1...15L. doi:10.1038/s42949-021-00022-0. S2CID 232342980.
Bloch, Stefano; Phillips, Susan A. (2022). "Mapping and making gangland: A legacy of redlining and enjoining gang neighbourhoods in Los Angeles". Urban Studies. 59 (4): 750–770. Bibcode:2022UrbSt..59..750B. doi:10.1177/00420980211010426. S2CID 236550571.
Holloway, Steven R. (1998). "Exploring the Neighborhood Contingency of Race Discrimination in Mortgage Lending in Columbus, Ohio". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 88 (2): 252–276. Bibcode:1998AAAG...88..252H. doi:10.1111/1467-8306.00093. JSTOR 2564210.
Lane, Haley M.; Morello-Frosch, Rachel; Marshall, Julian D.; Apte, Joshua S. (March 9, 2022). "Historical Redlining Is Associated with Present-Day Air Pollution Disparities in U.S. Cities". Environmental Science & Technology Letters. 9 (4): 345–350. Bibcode:2022EnSTL...9..345L. doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.1c01012. PMC 9009174. PMID 35434171.
Hwa Jung, Kyung; Pitkowsky, Zachary; Argenio, Kira; Quinn, James W.; Bruzzese, Jean-Marie; Miller, Rachel L.; Chillrud, Steven N.; Perzanowski, Matthew; Stingone, Jeanette A.; Lovinsky-Desir, Stephanie (November 1, 2022). "The effects of the historical practice of residential redlining in the United States on recent temporal trends of air pollution near New York City schools". Environment International. 169 107551. Bibcode:2022EnInt.16907551H. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107551. ISSN 0160-4120. PMC 9616211. PMID 36183489.
Kingsley, Samantha L.; Eliot, Melissa N.; Carlson, Lynn; Finn, Jennifer; MacIntosh, David L.; Suh, Helen H.; Wellenius, Gregory A. (May 2014). "Proximity of US schools to major roadways: a nationwide assessment". Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology. 24 (3): 253–259. Bibcode:2014JESEE..24..253K. doi:10.1038/jes.2014.5. ISSN 1559-064X. PMC 4179205. PMID 24496217.
Tessum, Christopher W.; Paolella, David A.; Chambliss, Sarah E.; Apte, Joshua S.; Hill, Jason D.; Marshall, Julian D. (April 30, 2021). "PM 2.5 polluters disproportionately and systemically affect people of color in the United States". Science Advances. 7 (18) eabf4491. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.4491T. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abf4491. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 11426197. PMID 33910895.
Pulido, Laura; De Lara, Juan (March 2018). "Reimagining 'justice' in environmental justice: Radical ecologies, decolonial thought, and the Black Radical Tradition". Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space. 1 (1–2): 76–98. Bibcode:2018EnPlE...1...76P. doi:10.1177/2514848618770363. S2CID 149765978.
Pellow, David; Vazin, Jasmine (January 2019). "The Intersection of Race, Immigration Status, and Environmental Justice". Sustainability. 11 (14): 3942. Bibcode:2019Sust...11.3942P. doi:10.3390/su11143942.
Huang, Shuo Jim; Sehgal, Neil Jay (January 19, 2022). "Association of historic redlining and present-day health in Baltimore". PLOS ONE. 17 (1) e0261028. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1761028H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261028. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 8769359. PMID 35045092.

healthcatalyst.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Health Equity: Why it Matters and How to Achieve it". Health Catalyst. March 6, 2018. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.

house.gov (Global: 529^th place; English: 314^th place)

uscode.house.gov

"15 USC CHAPTER 41, SUBCHAPTER IV: EQUAL CREDIT OPPORTUNITY". uscode.house.gov.

housingwire.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Associated Bank settles with HUD over discriminatory lending". Retrieved March 8, 2017.

hoytgroup.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Homer Hoyt: An Introduction (PDF), January 29, 2019, retrieved May 25, 2021

hud.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)

portal.hud.gov

"HUDNo_15-064". portal.hud.gov. Archived from the original on March 8, 2017. Retrieved March 8, 2017.

hud.gov

"HUD Charges Facebook With Housing Discrimination Over Company's Targeted Advertising Practices". www.hud.gov. March 28, 2019. Archived from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved March 31, 2019.

idaho.gov (Global: 6,964^th place; English: 3,916^th place)

itd.idaho.gov

Karen Bouffard. "Michigan to crack down on uninsured drivers". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on November 28, 2007 – via Idaho Transportation Department.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Schill, Michael H.; Wachter, Susan M. (2001). "Principles to Guide Housing Policy at the Beginning of the Millennium". Cityscape. 5 (2): 5–19. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.536.5952. JSTOR 20868512. S2CID 154443509.
Aaronson, Daniel; Hartley, Daniel; Mazumder, Bhashkar (2021). "The Effects of the 1930s HOLC "Redlining" Maps". American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. 13 (4): 355–392. ISSN 1945-7731.
Bullard, Robert D. (2001). "Environmental Justice in the 21st Century: Race Still Matters" (PDF). Phylon. 49 (3/4): 151–171. doi:10.2307/3132626. JSTOR 3132626.
Holloway, Steven R. (1998). "Exploring the Neighborhood Contingency of Race Discrimination in Mortgage Lending in Columbus, Ohio". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 88 (2): 252–276. Bibcode:1998AAAG...88..252H. doi:10.1111/1467-8306.00093. JSTOR 2564210.
Beauchamp, Dan E. (1976). "Public Health as Social Justice". Inquiry. 13 (1): 3–14. JSTOR 29770972. PMID 130348.
Link, Bruce G.; Phelan, Jo (1995). "Social Conditions As Fundamental Causes of Disease". Journal of Health and Social Behavior. Spec No (Extra Issue): 80–94. doi:10.2307/2626958. hdl:1903/24678. JSTOR 2626958. PMID 7560851. ProQuest 201654321.

justice.gov (Global: 918^th place; English: 556^th place)

"Civil Rights Division | The Equal Credit Opportunity Act". www.justice.gov. August 6, 2015.
"CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, and UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, v. HUDSON CITY SAVINGS BANK, F.S.B."
"Justice Department and Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Reach Settlement with Hudson City Savings Bank to Resolve Allegations of Mortgage Lending Discrimination". www.justice.gov. September 24, 2015. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
"Justice Department Secures Over $31 Million from City National Bank to Address Lending Discrimination Allegations". www.justice.gov. January 12, 2023. Retrieved January 13, 2023.
"Office of Public Affairs | Justice Department Reaches Settlement with Wells Fargo Resulting in More Than $175 Million in Relief for Homeowners to Resolve Fair Lending Claims | United States Department of Justice". www.justice.gov. July 12, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2024.

koho.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Redlining in Canada: Past and Present Impacts on Communities". www.koho.ca. Retrieved June 16, 2023.

mappingracistcovenants.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Mapping Racist Covenants". Mapping Racist Covenants.

marketwatch.com (Global: 1,303^rd place; English: 808^th place)

Mantell, Ruth (July 6, 2007). "Minority families face wave of foreclosures: Consumer groups urge more 'teeth' in laws combating predators". marketwatch. Retrieved December 22, 2009.

nber.org (Global: 2,969^th place; English: 1,994^th place)

Maas, Steve. "Searching for the Origins of Redlining of Black Neighborhoods". NBER. Archived from the original on October 1, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2021.

ncrc.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Perrino, Julia (July 2, 2020). "Redlining and health indicators: Decisions made 80 years ago have health consequences today". National Community Reinvestment Coalition. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
Richardson, Jason; Mitchell, Bruce C.; Meier, Helen C.S.; Lynch, Emily; Edlebi, Jad (September 10, 2020). "Redlining and Neighborhood Health". NCRC.
Richardson, Jason; Mitchell, Bruce C.; Meier, Helen C.S.; Lynch, Emily; Edlebi, Jad (September 10, 2020). "Redlining and Neighborhood Health". NCRC.

newamerica.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Sasha Rodriguez & Cathelyn Gregoire on Behalf of All Persons Similarly Situated vs. Sallie Mae (SLM) Corporation" (PDF). New America Foundation. December 17, 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 6, 2014. Retrieved March 6, 2017.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Lane, Haley M.; Morello-Frosch, Rachel; Marshall, Julian D.; Apte, Joshua S. (March 9, 2022). "Historical Redlining Is Associated with Present-Day Air Pollution Disparities in U.S. Cities". Environmental Science & Technology Letters. 9 (4): 345–350. Bibcode:2022EnSTL...9..345L. doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.1c01012. PMC 9009174. PMID 35434171.
Hwa Jung, Kyung; Pitkowsky, Zachary; Argenio, Kira; Quinn, James W.; Bruzzese, Jean-Marie; Miller, Rachel L.; Chillrud, Steven N.; Perzanowski, Matthew; Stingone, Jeanette A.; Lovinsky-Desir, Stephanie (November 1, 2022). "The effects of the historical practice of residential redlining in the United States on recent temporal trends of air pollution near New York City schools". Environment International. 169 107551. Bibcode:2022EnInt.16907551H. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107551. ISSN 0160-4120. PMC 9616211. PMID 36183489.
Kingsley, Samantha L.; Eliot, Melissa N.; Carlson, Lynn; Finn, Jennifer; MacIntosh, David L.; Suh, Helen H.; Wellenius, Gregory A. (May 2014). "Proximity of US schools to major roadways: a nationwide assessment". Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology. 24 (3): 253–259. Bibcode:2014JESEE..24..253K. doi:10.1038/jes.2014.5. ISSN 1559-064X. PMC 4179205. PMID 24496217.
Tessum, Christopher W.; Paolella, David A.; Chambliss, Sarah E.; Apte, Joshua S.; Hill, Jason D.; Marshall, Julian D. (April 30, 2021). "PM 2.5 polluters disproportionately and systemically affect people of color in the United States". Science Advances. 7 (18) eabf4491. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.4491T. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abf4491. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 11426197. PMID 33910895.
Wallace, R. (1990). "Urban desertification, public health and public order: 'planned shrinkage', violent death, substance abuse and AIDS in the Bronx". Social Science & Medicine. 31 (7): 801–13. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(90)90175-r. PMID 2244222.
Hutchinson, J. (1992). "AIDS and racism in America". Journal of the National Medical Association. 84 (2): 119–124. PMC 2637751. PMID 1602509.
Egede, Leonard E.; Walker, Rebekah J.; Campbell, Jennifer A.; Linde, Sebastian; Hawks, Laura C.; Burgess, Kaylin M. (May 1, 2023). "Modern Day Consequences of Historic Redlining: Finding a Path Forward". Journal of General Internal Medicine. 38 (6): 1534–1537. doi:10.1007/s11606-023-08051-4. ISSN 1525-1497. PMC 9901820. PMID 36746831.
Beauchamp, Dan E. (1976). "Public Health as Social Justice". Inquiry. 13 (1): 3–14. JSTOR 29770972. PMID 130348.
Link, Bruce G.; Phelan, Jo (1995). "Social Conditions As Fundamental Causes of Disease". Journal of Health and Social Behavior. Spec No (Extra Issue): 80–94. doi:10.2307/2626958. hdl:1903/24678. JSTOR 2626958. PMID 7560851. ProQuest 201654321.
Bailey, Zinzi D; Krieger, Nancy; Agénor, Madina; Graves, Jasmine; Linos, Natalia; Bassett, Mary T (April 2017). "Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: evidence and interventions". The Lancet. 389 (10077): 1453–1463. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30569-X. PMID 28402827. S2CID 4669313.
Plascak, Jesse J.; Beyer, Kirsten; Xu, Xinyi; Stroup, Antoinette M.; Jacob, Gabrielle; Llanos, Adana A. M. (July 8, 2022). "Association Between Residence in Historically Redlined Districts Indicative of Structural Racism and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Breast Cancer Outcomes". JAMA Network Open. 5 (7): e2220908. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.20908. ISSN 2574-3805. PMC 9270695. PMID 35802373.
Moazzam, Zorays; Woldesenbet, Selamawit; Endo, Yutaka; Alaimo, Laura; Lima, Henrique A.; Cloyd, Jordan; Dillhoff, Mary; Ejaz, Aslam; Pawlik, Timothy M. (September 1, 2023). "Association of Historical Redlining and Present-Day Social Vulnerability with Cancer Screening". Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 237 (3): 454–464. doi:10.1097/XCS.0000000000000779. ISSN 1879-1190. PMID 37318132.
Cross, Rebekah Israel; Huỳnh, James; Bradford, Natalie J.; Francis, Brittney (2023). "Racialized Housing Discrimination and Population Health: a Scoping Review and Research Agenda". Journal of Urban Health. 100 (2): 355–388. doi:10.1007/s11524-023-00725-y. ISSN 1099-3460. PMC 10103672. PMID 37058240.
Huang, Shuo Jim; Sehgal, Neil Jay (January 19, 2022). "Association of historic redlining and present-day health in Baltimore". PLOS ONE. 17 (1) e0261028. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1761028H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261028. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 8769359. PMID 35045092.
Danaei, Goodarz; Rimm, Eric B.; Oza, Shefali; Kulkarni, Sandeep C.; Murray, Christopher J. L.; Ezzati, Majid (2010). "The Promise of Prevention: The Effects of Four Preventable Risk Factors on National Life Expectancy and Life Expectancy Disparities by Race and County in the United States". PLOS Medicine. 7 (3) e1000248. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000248. PMC 2843596. PMID 20351772.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Lane, Haley M.; Morello-Frosch, Rachel; Marshall, Julian D.; Apte, Joshua S. (March 9, 2022). "Historical Redlining Is Associated with Present-Day Air Pollution Disparities in U.S. Cities". Environmental Science & Technology Letters. 9 (4): 345–350. Bibcode:2022EnSTL...9..345L. doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.1c01012. PMC 9009174. PMID 35434171.
Hwa Jung, Kyung; Pitkowsky, Zachary; Argenio, Kira; Quinn, James W.; Bruzzese, Jean-Marie; Miller, Rachel L.; Chillrud, Steven N.; Perzanowski, Matthew; Stingone, Jeanette A.; Lovinsky-Desir, Stephanie (November 1, 2022). "The effects of the historical practice of residential redlining in the United States on recent temporal trends of air pollution near New York City schools". Environment International. 169 107551. Bibcode:2022EnInt.16907551H. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107551. ISSN 0160-4120. PMC 9616211. PMID 36183489.
Kingsley, Samantha L.; Eliot, Melissa N.; Carlson, Lynn; Finn, Jennifer; MacIntosh, David L.; Suh, Helen H.; Wellenius, Gregory A. (May 2014). "Proximity of US schools to major roadways: a nationwide assessment". Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology. 24 (3): 253–259. Bibcode:2014JESEE..24..253K. doi:10.1038/jes.2014.5. ISSN 1559-064X. PMC 4179205. PMID 24496217.
Tessum, Christopher W.; Paolella, David A.; Chambliss, Sarah E.; Apte, Joshua S.; Hill, Jason D.; Marshall, Julian D. (April 30, 2021). "PM 2.5 polluters disproportionately and systemically affect people of color in the United States". Science Advances. 7 (18) eabf4491. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.4491T. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abf4491. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 11426197. PMID 33910895.
Hutchinson, J. (1992). "AIDS and racism in America". Journal of the National Medical Association. 84 (2): 119–124. PMC 2637751. PMID 1602509.
Egede, Leonard E.; Walker, Rebekah J.; Campbell, Jennifer A.; Linde, Sebastian; Hawks, Laura C.; Burgess, Kaylin M. (May 1, 2023). "Modern Day Consequences of Historic Redlining: Finding a Path Forward". Journal of General Internal Medicine. 38 (6): 1534–1537. doi:10.1007/s11606-023-08051-4. ISSN 1525-1497. PMC 9901820. PMID 36746831.
Plascak, Jesse J.; Beyer, Kirsten; Xu, Xinyi; Stroup, Antoinette M.; Jacob, Gabrielle; Llanos, Adana A. M. (July 8, 2022). "Association Between Residence in Historically Redlined Districts Indicative of Structural Racism and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Breast Cancer Outcomes". JAMA Network Open. 5 (7): e2220908. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.20908. ISSN 2574-3805. PMC 9270695. PMID 35802373.
Cross, Rebekah Israel; Huỳnh, James; Bradford, Natalie J.; Francis, Brittney (2023). "Racialized Housing Discrimination and Population Health: a Scoping Review and Research Agenda". Journal of Urban Health. 100 (2): 355–388. doi:10.1007/s11524-023-00725-y. ISSN 1099-3460. PMC 10103672. PMID 37058240.
Huang, Shuo Jim; Sehgal, Neil Jay (January 19, 2022). "Association of historic redlining and present-day health in Baltimore". PLOS ONE. 17 (1) e0261028. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1761028H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261028. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 8769359. PMID 35045092.
Danaei, Goodarz; Rimm, Eric B.; Oza, Shefali; Kulkarni, Sandeep C.; Murray, Christopher J. L.; Ezzati, Majid (2010). "The Promise of Prevention: The Effects of Four Preventable Risk Factors on National Life Expectancy and Life Expectancy Disparities by Race and County in the United States". PLOS Medicine. 7 (3) e1000248. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000248. PMC 2843596. PMID 20351772.

northwestern.edu (Global: 2,302^nd place; English: 1,389^th place)

ipr.northwestern.edu

"IPR at 40" (PDF). Northwestern IPR. Northwestern University Institute for Policy Research. September 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2021.

npr.org (Global: 92^nd place; English: 72^nd place)

Godoy, Maria (November 19, 2020). "In U.S. Cities, The Health Effects Of Past Housing Discrimination Are Plain To See". NPR.

ny.gov (Global: 1,775^th place; English: 970^th place)

ag.ny.gov

"A.G. Schneiderman Secures Agreement With Evans Bank Ending Discriminatory Mortgage Redlining In Buffalo | New York State Attorney General". ag.ny.gov. Archived from the original on January 30, 2018. Retrieved March 8, 2017.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Silver-Greenberg, Jessica; Corkery, Michael (September 10, 2015). "Evans Bank Settles New York 'Redlining' Lawsuit". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 18, 2015. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
Badger, Emily (September 18, 2017). "Whites Have Huge Wealth Edge Over Blacks (but Don't Know It)". The New York Times. Retrieved December 18, 2018.
Badger, Emily (August 24, 2017). "How Redlining's Racist Effects Lasted for Decades". The New York Times. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
Ehrenreich, Barbara; Muhammad, Dedrick (September 13, 2009). "The Recession's Racial Divide". The New York Times.
Powell, Michael (June 7, 2009). "Bank Accused of Pushing Mortgage Deals on Blacks". The New York Times.
Bajaj, Vikas; Fessenden, Ford (November 4, 2007). "What's Behind the Race Gap?". The New York Times.
Savage, Charlie (July 12, 2012). "Wells Fargo Will Settle Mortgage Bias Charges". The New York Times. Retrieved April 5, 2024.
Savage, Charlie (December 21, 2011). "Countrywide Will Settle a Bias Suit". The New York Times. Retrieved April 5, 2024.
Corkery, Michael (January 18, 2017). "JPMorgan to Pay $55 Million to Settle Mortgage Discrimination Complaint". The New York Times. Retrieved April 5, 2024.
Villarosa, Linda (July 28, 2020). "Pollution Is Killing Black Americans. This Community Fought Back". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 24, 2023.
Badger, Emily (May 10, 2019). "Can the Racial Wealth Gap Be Closed Without Speaking of Race?". The New York Times.

omeka.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

sacred.omeka.net

Poe, Joshua. "Redlining Louisville: Racial Capitalism and Real Estate". sacred.omeka.net. Archived from the original on May 19, 2024. Retrieved May 19, 2024.

osu.edu (Global: 2,333^rd place; English: 1,632^nd place)

health.osu.edu

"Historic discrimination affects cancer screening rates". health.osu.edu. September 19, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2024.

oup.com (Global: 485^th place; English: 440^th place)

academic.oup.com

Graetz, Nick; Esposito, Michael (July 14, 2023). "Historical Redlining and Contemporary Racial Disparities in Neighborhood Life Expectancy". Social Forces. 102 (1): 1–22. doi:10.1093/sf/soac114. ISSN 0037-7732.

philageohistory.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"J.M. Brewer's Map of Philadelphia (1934)". GeoHistory Resources. Retrieved April 10, 2021.

powerreporting.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Dedman, Bill (May 1–4, 1988). "The Color of Money" (PDF). The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 3, 2021.

proquest.com (Global: 206^th place; English: 124^th place)

Link, Bruce G.; Phelan, Jo (1995). "Social Conditions As Fundamental Causes of Disease". Journal of Health and Social Behavior. Spec No (Extra Issue): 80–94. doi:10.2307/2626958. hdl:1903/24678. JSTOR 2626958. PMID 7560851. ProQuest 201654321.

psu.edu (Global: 207^th place; English: 136^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Schill, Michael H.; Wachter, Susan M. (2001). "Principles to Guide Housing Policy at the Beginning of the Millennium". Cityscape. 5 (2): 5–19. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.536.5952. JSTOR 20868512. S2CID 154443509.
Ross, Stephen L.; Tootell, Geoffrey M.B. (2004). "Redlining, the Community Reinvestment Act, and private mortgage insurance". Journal of Urban Economics. 55 (2): 278–297. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.194.5280. doi:10.1016/S0094-1190(02)00508-9.

realclearinvestigations.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Investigative Classics: 'The Color of Money,' on Housing Redlining, 1988". RealClearInvestigations. Retrieved November 9, 2021.

richmond.edu (Global: low place; English: 6,986^th place)

dsl.richmond.edu

"Mapping Inequality". dsl.richmond.edu.

sagepub.com (Global: 731^st place; English: 638^th place)

journals.sagepub.com

Bloch, Stefano; Phillips, Susan A. (2022). "Mapping and making gangland: A legacy of redlining and enjoining gang neighbourhoods in Los Angeles". Urban Studies. 59 (4): 750–770. Bibcode:2022UrbSt..59..750B. doi:10.1177/00420980211010426. S2CID 236550571.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Locke, Dexter H.; Hall, Billy; Grove, J. Morgan; Pickett, Steward T. A.; Ogden, Laura A.; Aoki, Carissa; Boone, Christopher G.; O'Neil-Dunne, Jarlath P. M. (March 25, 2021). "Residential housing segregation and urban tree canopy in 37 US Cities". npj Urban Sustainability. 1 (1): 15. Bibcode:2021npjUS...1...15L. doi:10.1038/s42949-021-00022-0. S2CID 232342980.
Hightower, Cameron; Fraser, James C. (March 2020). "The Raced–Space of Gentrification: 'Reverse Blockbusting,' Home Selling, and Neighborhood Remake in North Nashville". City & Community. 19 (1): 223–244. doi:10.1111/cico.12444. S2CID 210384415.
Markley, Scott (July 7, 2023). "Federal 'redlining' maps: A critical reappraisal". Urban Studies. 61 (2): 195–213. doi:10.1177/00420980231182336. S2CID 259557704.
Schill, Michael H.; Wachter, Susan M. (2001). "Principles to Guide Housing Policy at the Beginning of the Millennium". Cityscape. 5 (2): 5–19. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.536.5952. JSTOR 20868512. S2CID 154443509.
Bloch, Stefano; Phillips, Susan A. (2022). "Mapping and making gangland: A legacy of redlining and enjoining gang neighbourhoods in Los Angeles". Urban Studies. 59 (4): 750–770. Bibcode:2022UrbSt..59..750B. doi:10.1177/00420980211010426. S2CID 236550571.
Aaronson, Daniel; Hartley, Daniel; Mazumder, Bhashkar (2021). "The Effects of the 1930s HOLC 'Redlining' Maps" (PDF). American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. 13 (4): 355–392. doi:10.1257/pol.20190414. hdl:10419/200568. S2CID 204505153.
Cohen-Cole, Ethan (2011). "Credit Card Redlining". Review of Economics and Statistics. 93 (2): 700–713. doi:10.1162/REST_a_00052. S2CID 18480342. SSRN 1098403.
Squires, Gregory D (2016). "Racial Profiling, Insurance Style: Insurance Redlining and the Uneven Development of Metropolitan Areas". Journal of Urban Affairs. 25 (4): 391–410. doi:10.1111/1467-9906.t01-1-00168. S2CID 10070258.
Squires, Gregory D; Chadwick, Jan (2016). "Linguistic Profiling". Urban Affairs Review. 41 (3): 400–15. doi:10.1177/1078087405281064. S2CID 154136739.
Immergluck, Dan (2002). "Redlining Redux: Black Neighborhoods, Black-Owned Firms, and the Regulatory Cold Shoulder". Urban Affairs Review. 38 (1): 22–41. doi:10.1177/107808702401097781. S2CID 153818729.
Pulido, Laura; De Lara, Juan (March 2018). "Reimagining 'justice' in environmental justice: Radical ecologies, decolonial thought, and the Black Radical Tradition". Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space. 1 (1–2): 76–98. Bibcode:2018EnPlE...1...76P. doi:10.1177/2514848618770363. S2CID 149765978.
Pulido, Laura (August 2017). "Geographies of race and ethnicity II: Environmental racism, racial capitalism and state-sanctioned violence". Progress in Human Geography. 41 (4): 524–533. doi:10.1177/0309132516646495. S2CID 147792869.
Bailey, Zinzi D; Krieger, Nancy; Agénor, Madina; Graves, Jasmine; Linos, Natalia; Bassett, Mary T (April 2017). "Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: evidence and interventions". The Lancet. 389 (10077): 1453–1463. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30569-X. PMID 28402827. S2CID 4669313.
Myers, JoAnne (2020). The good citizen: the markers of privilege in America. doi:10.4324/9781351006705. ISBN 978-1-351-00669-9. OCLC 1111653987. S2CID 211349002.^{[page needed]}

socialfunds.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Thomsen, Mark (October 1, 2001). "ShoreBank Surpasses $1 Billion in Community Development Investment". Social Funds. Archived from the original on September 10, 2012. Retrieved January 8, 2007.

springer.com (Global: 274^th place; English: 309^th place)

link.springer.com

Quillian, Lincoln; Lee, John J.; Honoré, Brandon (March 2020). "Racial Discrimination in the U.S. Housing and Mortgage Lending Markets: A Quantitative Review of Trends, 1976–2016". Race and Social Problems. 12 (1): 13–28. doi:10.1007/s12552-019-09276-x. ISSN 1867-1748.

ssrn.com (Global: 703^rd place; English: 501^st place)

papers.ssrn.com

Cohen-Cole, Ethan (2011). "Credit Card Redlining". Review of Economics and Statistics. 93 (2): 700–713. doi:10.1162/REST_a_00052. S2CID 18480342. SSRN 1098403.

tengahgardenresidence.com.sg (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Tengah Garden Residence". Retrieved May 31, 2025.

theatlantic.com (Global: 228^th place; English: 158^th place)

Madrigal, Alexis C. (May 22, 2014). "The Racist Housing Policy That Made Your Neighborhood". The Atlantic. Retrieved November 10, 2018.
Graham, David (2016). "Trump's 'Voter Suppression Operation' Targets Black Voters". The Atlantic. Retrieved July 21, 2019.

theconversation.com (Global: 928^th place; English: 651^st place)

Agyeman, Julian (March 9, 2021). "How urban planning and housing policy helped create 'food apartheid' in US cities". The Conversation. Retrieved November 9, 2021.

thenation.com (Global: 2,088^th place; English: 1,251^st place)

Taylor, Astra; Sadowski, Jathan (May 27, 2015). "How Companies Turn Your Facebook Activity Into a Credit Score". The Nation. Archived from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved March 31, 2019.

uconn.edu (Global: 5,165^th place; English: 3,393^rd place)

opencommons.uconn.edu

Ross, Stephen L.; Tootell, Geoffrey M.B. (2004). "Redlining, the Community Reinvestment Act, and private mortgage insurance". Journal of Urban Economics. 55 (2): 278–297. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.194.5280. doi:10.1016/S0094-1190(02)00508-9.

umn.edu (Global: 1,266^th place; English: 860^th place)

twin-cities.umn.edu

"Mapping prejudice: A painful part of Minneapolis history". University of Minnesota. June 5, 2020.

unl.edu (Global: 1,708^th place; English: 1,051^st place)

digitalcommons.unl.edu

Height, Tatiana (2017). Analyzing Communities in Black America: How Urban and Regional Planners Can Plan for Prosperous Black Communities (Thesis). University of Nebraska-Lincoln. pp. 57–63. Retrieved May 11, 2019.

uscourts.gov (Global: 2,275^th place; English: 1,288^th place)

ecf.ctd.uscourts.gov

"SDSD District Version 1.3". United States District Court for the District of Connecticut. Retrieved July 25, 2014.(subscription required)

utsa.edu (Global: low place; English: 9,359^th place)

digital.utsa.edu

"1935 HOLC San Antonio City Survey Report". UTSA Special Collections. Retrieved January 18, 2025.

uwosh.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bullard, Robert D. (2001). "Environmental Justice in the 21st Century: Race Still Matters" (PDF). Phylon. 49 (3/4): 151–171. doi:10.2307/3132626. JSTOR 3132626.

washington.edu (Global: 1,067^th place; English: 749^th place)

depts.washington.edu

"Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project". depts.washington.edu.

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34^th place; English: 27^th place)

"What it looks like when a bank goes out of its way to avoid minorities". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
Williams, Aaron; Emamdjomeh, Armand (2018). "America is more diverse than ever — but still segregated". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
Timberg, Craig; Romm, Tony (2018). "New report on Russian disinformation, prepared for the Senate, shows the operation's scale and sweep". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 21, 2019.

wbez.org (Global: 9,766^th place; English: 5,383^rd place)

"Racial covenants, a relic of the past, are still on the books across the country". WBEZ Chicago. November 17, 2021.

wbhsi.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Part II, Section 9, Rating of Location". Underwriting Manual: Underwriting and Valuation Procedure Under Title II of the National Housing Act With Revisions to February 1938. Washington, D.C.: Federal Housing Administration. Archived from the original on December 20, 2012. Retrieved May 30, 2014. Recommended restrictions should include provision for the following: Prohibition of the occupancy of properties except by the race for which they are intended [...] Schools should be appropriate to the needs of the new community and they should not be attended in large numbers by inharmonious racial groups

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Dedman, Bill (May 1–4, 1988). "The Color of Money" (PDF). The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 3, 2021.
Maas, Steve. "Searching for the Origins of Redlining of Black Neighborhoods". NBER. Archived from the original on October 1, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
Hallahan, Kirk (1992). "The mortgage redlining controversy, 1972-75" (PDF). Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (75th, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, August 5–8, 1992). OCLC 31165884. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 9, 2013.
"HUDNo_15-064". portal.hud.gov. Archived from the original on March 8, 2017. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
Silver-Greenberg, Jessica; Corkery, Michael (September 10, 2015). "Evans Bank Settles New York 'Redlining' Lawsuit". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 18, 2015. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
"A.G. Schneiderman Secures Agreement With Evans Bank Ending Discriminatory Mortgage Redlining In Buffalo | New York State Attorney General". ag.ny.gov. Archived from the original on January 30, 2018. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
Glynn, Matt (September 2, 2014). "Evans Bancorp isn't only lender at risk of redlining lawsuit". The Buffalo News. Archived from the original on March 8, 2017. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
Poe, Joshua. "Redlining Louisville: Racial Capitalism and Real Estate". sacred.omeka.net. Archived from the original on May 19, 2024. Retrieved May 19, 2024.
"Sasha Rodriguez & Cathelyn Gregoire on Behalf of All Persons Similarly Situated vs. Sallie Mae (SLM) Corporation" (PDF). New America Foundation. December 17, 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 6, 2014. Retrieved March 6, 2017.
"FinAid | Loans | Anti-Discrimination Rules for Education Lenders". www.finaid.org. Archived from the original on February 18, 2020. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
Karen Bouffard. "Michigan to crack down on uninsured drivers". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on November 28, 2007 – via Idaho Transportation Department.
"The History of Insurance Redlining". National Fair Housing Advocate Online. Archived from the original on March 17, 2017. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
Angela Rowen. "Minority Communities Need More Parks, Report Says". The Berkeley Daily Planet. Archived from the original on February 20, 2008. Retrieved November 14, 2007.
Gilliard, Chris (May 24, 2016). "Digital Redlining, Access, and Privacy". Common Sense Education. Archived from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved March 31, 2019.
Taylor, Astra; Sadowski, Jathan (May 27, 2015). "How Companies Turn Your Facebook Activity Into a Credit Score". The Nation. Archived from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved March 31, 2019.
"HUD Charges Facebook With Housing Discrimination Over Company's Targeted Advertising Practices". www.hud.gov. March 28, 2019. Archived from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved March 31, 2019.
CDC (April 30, 2020). "Communities, Schools, Workplaces, & Events". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
"Health Equity: Why it Matters and How to Achieve it". Health Catalyst. March 6, 2018. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Jackson, Kenneth T. (1985). Crabgrass frontier: The suburbanization of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504983-7. OCLC 11785435.
Hallahan, Kirk (1992). "The mortgage redlining controversy, 1972-75" (PDF). Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (75th, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, August 5–8, 1992). OCLC 31165884. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 9, 2013.
Aaronson, Daniel; Hartley, Daniel; Mazumder, Bhashkar (2021). "The Effects of the 1930s HOLC "Redlining" Maps". American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. 13 (4): 355–392. ISSN 1945-7731.
Quillian, Lincoln; Lee, John J.; Honoré, Brandon (March 2020). "Racial Discrimination in the U.S. Housing and Mortgage Lending Markets: A Quantitative Review of Trends, 1976–2016". Race and Social Problems. 12 (1): 13–28. doi:10.1007/s12552-019-09276-x. ISSN 1867-1748.
Villarosa, Linda (July 28, 2020). "Pollution Is Killing Black Americans. This Community Fought Back". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 24, 2023.
Hwa Jung, Kyung; Pitkowsky, Zachary; Argenio, Kira; Quinn, James W.; Bruzzese, Jean-Marie; Miller, Rachel L.; Chillrud, Steven N.; Perzanowski, Matthew; Stingone, Jeanette A.; Lovinsky-Desir, Stephanie (November 1, 2022). "The effects of the historical practice of residential redlining in the United States on recent temporal trends of air pollution near New York City schools". Environment International. 169 107551. Bibcode:2022EnInt.16907551H. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107551. ISSN 0160-4120. PMC 9616211. PMID 36183489.
Kingsley, Samantha L.; Eliot, Melissa N.; Carlson, Lynn; Finn, Jennifer; MacIntosh, David L.; Suh, Helen H.; Wellenius, Gregory A. (May 2014). "Proximity of US schools to major roadways: a nationwide assessment". Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology. 24 (3): 253–259. Bibcode:2014JESEE..24..253K. doi:10.1038/jes.2014.5. ISSN 1559-064X. PMC 4179205. PMID 24496217.
Tessum, Christopher W.; Paolella, David A.; Chambliss, Sarah E.; Apte, Joshua S.; Hill, Jason D.; Marshall, Julian D. (April 30, 2021). "PM 2.5 polluters disproportionately and systemically affect people of color in the United States". Science Advances. 7 (18) eabf4491. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.4491T. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abf4491. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 11426197. PMID 33910895.
Egede, Leonard E.; Walker, Rebekah J.; Campbell, Jennifer A.; Linde, Sebastian; Hawks, Laura C.; Burgess, Kaylin M. (May 1, 2023). "Modern Day Consequences of Historic Redlining: Finding a Path Forward". Journal of General Internal Medicine. 38 (6): 1534–1537. doi:10.1007/s11606-023-08051-4. ISSN 1525-1497. PMC 9901820. PMID 36746831.
Plascak, Jesse J.; Beyer, Kirsten; Xu, Xinyi; Stroup, Antoinette M.; Jacob, Gabrielle; Llanos, Adana A. M. (July 8, 2022). "Association Between Residence in Historically Redlined Districts Indicative of Structural Racism and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Breast Cancer Outcomes". JAMA Network Open. 5 (7): e2220908. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.20908. ISSN 2574-3805. PMC 9270695. PMID 35802373.
Moazzam, Zorays; Woldesenbet, Selamawit; Endo, Yutaka; Alaimo, Laura; Lima, Henrique A.; Cloyd, Jordan; Dillhoff, Mary; Ejaz, Aslam; Pawlik, Timothy M. (September 1, 2023). "Association of Historical Redlining and Present-Day Social Vulnerability with Cancer Screening". Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 237 (3): 454–464. doi:10.1097/XCS.0000000000000779. ISSN 1879-1190. PMID 37318132.
Cross, Rebekah Israel; Huỳnh, James; Bradford, Natalie J.; Francis, Brittney (2023). "Racialized Housing Discrimination and Population Health: a Scoping Review and Research Agenda". Journal of Urban Health. 100 (2): 355–388. doi:10.1007/s11524-023-00725-y. ISSN 1099-3460. PMC 10103672. PMID 37058240.
Graetz, Nick; Esposito, Michael (July 14, 2023). "Historical Redlining and Contemporary Racial Disparities in Neighborhood Life Expectancy". Social Forces. 102 (1): 1–22. doi:10.1093/sf/soac114. ISSN 0037-7732.
Huang, Shuo Jim; Sehgal, Neil Jay (January 19, 2022). "Association of historic redlining and present-day health in Baltimore". PLOS ONE. 17 (1) e0261028. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1761028H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261028. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 8769359. PMID 35045092.
Myers, JoAnne (2020). The good citizen: the markers of privilege in America. doi:10.4324/9781351006705. ISBN 978-1-351-00669-9. OCLC 1111653987. S2CID 211349002.^{[page needed]}

wyso.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Howell, Brittani (June 24, 2020). "How Redlining, Racism Harm Black Americans' Health". WYSO.

yale.edu (Global: 565^th place; English: 460^th place)

iedl.yale.edu

"Geography of Race and Place | Inclusive Economic Development Lab". iedl.yale.edu.

Redlining (English Wikipedia)

aamc.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

ajc.com (Global: 685th place; English: 404th place)

americanbar.org (Global: 7,096th place; English: 4,044th place)

americanprogress.org (Global: low place; English: 7,965th place)

apha.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

archive.today (Global: 14th place; English: 14th place)

archives.gov (Global: 446th place; English: 308th place)

archives.gov

obamawhitehouse.archives.gov

benjaminjameswaddell.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

berkeleydaily.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

buffalonews.com (Global: 1,545th place; English: 809th place)

ca.gov (Global: 421st place; English: 263rd place)

sonomacounty.ca.gov

chicagofed.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

colostate.edu (Global: 3,616th place; English: 2,556th place)

lamar.colostate.edu

commonsense.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

consumerfinance.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)

democracyeducationjournal.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

ecfr.gov (Global: 5,608th place; English: 3,261st place)

educause.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

er.educause.edu

fairhousing.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

feasta.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

finaid.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

gvsu.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

scholarworks.gvsu.edu

handle.net (Global: 102nd place; English: 76th place)

hdl.handle.net

harvard.edu (Global: 18th place; English: 17th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

healthcatalyst.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

house.gov (Global: 529th place; English: 314th place)

uscode.house.gov

housingwire.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

hoytgroup.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

hud.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)

portal.hud.gov

hud.gov

idaho.gov (Global: 6,964th place; English: 3,916th place)

itd.idaho.gov

jstor.org (Global: 26th place; English: 20th place)

justice.gov (Global: 918th place; English: 556th place)

koho.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

mappingracistcovenants.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

marketwatch.com (Global: 1,303rd place; English: 808th place)

nber.org (Global: 2,969th place; English: 1,994th place)

ncrc.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

newamerica.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

nih.gov (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

northwestern.edu (Global: 2,302nd place; English: 1,389th place)

ipr.northwestern.edu

npr.org (Global: 92nd place; English: 72nd place)

ny.gov (Global: 1,775th place; English: 970th place)

ag.ny.gov

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

omeka.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

sacred.omeka.net

osu.edu (Global: 2,333rd place; English: 1,632nd place)

health.osu.edu

oup.com (Global: 485th place; English: 440th place)

academic.oup.com

philageohistory.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

powerreporting.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

proquest.com (Global: 206th place; English: 124th place)

psu.edu (Global: 207th place; English: 136th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

realclearinvestigations.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

richmond.edu (Global: low place; English: 6,986th place)

dsl.richmond.edu

sagepub.com (Global: 731st place; English: 638th place)

journals.sagepub.com

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

ajc.com (Global: 685^th place; English: 404^th place)

americanbar.org (Global: 7,096^th place; English: 4,044^th place)

americanprogress.org (Global: low place; English: 7,965^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; English: 14^th place)

archives.gov (Global: 446^th place; English: 308^th place)

buffalonews.com (Global: 1,545^th place; English: 809^th place)

ca.gov (Global: 421^st place; English: 263^rd place)

colostate.edu (Global: 3,616^th place; English: 2,556^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

ecfr.gov (Global: 5,608^th place; English: 3,261^st place)

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

house.gov (Global: 529^th place; English: 314^th place)

idaho.gov (Global: 6,964^th place; English: 3,916^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

justice.gov (Global: 918^th place; English: 556^th place)

marketwatch.com (Global: 1,303^rd place; English: 808^th place)

nber.org (Global: 2,969^th place; English: 1,994^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

northwestern.edu (Global: 2,302^nd place; English: 1,389^th place)

npr.org (Global: 92^nd place; English: 72^nd place)

ny.gov (Global: 1,775^th place; English: 970^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

osu.edu (Global: 2,333^rd place; English: 1,632^nd place)

oup.com (Global: 485^th place; English: 440^th place)

proquest.com (Global: 206^th place; English: 124^th place)

psu.edu (Global: 207^th place; English: 136^th place)

richmond.edu (Global: low place; English: 6,986^th place)

sagepub.com (Global: 731^st place; English: 638^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

springer.com (Global: 274^th place; English: 309^th place)

ssrn.com (Global: 703^rd place; English: 501^st place)

theatlantic.com (Global: 228^th place; English: 158^th place)

theconversation.com (Global: 928^th place; English: 651^st place)

thenation.com (Global: 2,088^th place; English: 1,251^st place)

uconn.edu (Global: 5,165^th place; English: 3,393^rd place)

umn.edu (Global: 1,266^th place; English: 860^th place)

unl.edu (Global: 1,708^th place; English: 1,051^st place)

uscourts.gov (Global: 2,275^th place; English: 1,288^th place)

utsa.edu (Global: low place; English: 9,359^th place)

washington.edu (Global: 1,067^th place; English: 749^th place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34^th place; English: 27^th place)

wbez.org (Global: 9,766^th place; English: 5,383^rd place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

yale.edu (Global: 565^th place; English: 460^th place)