Reformation (English Wikipedia)

Curuk & Smulders 2016. Curuk, Malik; Smulders, Sjak (July 2016). "Malthus Meets Luther: The Economics Behind the German Reformation". CESifo Working Paper. 6010. Ludwig-Maximilians University's Center for Economic Studies and the Ifo Institute. ISSN 2364-1428.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

"It ran in two tracks: alongside the reformulation of Catholic doctrine in contrast to Protestant teaching stood the many general…reform decrees which would influence the life of Catholicism for centuries to come.Campi, Emidio (19 June 2013). "Was the Reformation a German Event?". The Myth of the Reformation: 9–31. doi:10.13109/9783666550331.9. ISBN 978-3-525-55033-5.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
"Until the seventeenth century, …Christianity meant a body of people, but since then it refers only to a body of beliefs." Lewis, Eleanor V. (June 1986). "(Review) Christianity in the West, 1400–1700. By John Bossy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985". Church History. 55 (2): 225–26. doi:10.2307/3167429. JSTOR 3167429. S2CID 162279854.
Firpo 2016, p. 295. Firpo, Massimo (May 2016). "Rethinking "Catholic Reform" and "Counter-Reformation": What Happened in Early Modern Catholicism—a View from Italy". Journal of Early Modern History. 20 (3). Brill: 293–312. doi:10.1163/15700658-12342506. ISSN 1385-3783.
Mansfield, Bruce (6 May 2003). "Erasmus in the Twentieth Century: Interpretations 1920-2000". Erasmus in the Twentieth Century. University of Toronto Press. doi:10.3138/9781442674554. ISBN 978-1-4426-7455-4.
Galpern, A. N. (1986). "Review of Christianity in the West, 1400-1700". The American Historical Review. 91 (5): 1184–1185. doi:10.2307/1864415. ISSN 0002-8762. JSTOR 1864415.
Rudy, Kathryn M. (12 September 2024). Chapter 2: Confraternities of Laypeople. pp. 73–124. doi:10.11647/obp.0379.02.
Eisenbichler, Konrad (30 January 2019). Introduction: A World of Confraternities, in A Companion to Medieval and Early Modern Confraternities. pp. 1–19. doi:10.1163/9789004392915_002.
Bird, Jessalynn (14 June 2024). "Between Orders and Heresy: Rethinking Medieval Religious Movements, ed. Jennifer Kolpacoff Deane and Anne E. Lester". The English Historical Review. 139 (596): 222–225. doi:10.1093/ehr/ceae008.
Pfaff 2013, pp. 196–197. Pfaff, Steven (12 March 2013). "The true citizens of the city of God: the cult of saints, the Catholic social order, and the urban Reformation in Germany". Theory and Society. 42 (2). Springer: 189–218. doi:10.1007/s11186-013-9188-x. ISSN 0304-2421. JSTOR 43694683. S2CID 144049459.
Pfaff 2013, pp. 213–214. Pfaff, Steven (12 March 2013). "The true citizens of the city of God: the cult of saints, the Catholic social order, and the urban Reformation in Germany". Theory and Society. 42 (2). Springer: 189–218. doi:10.1007/s11186-013-9188-x. ISSN 0304-2421. JSTOR 43694683. S2CID 144049459.
van Liere, Frans (31 March 2014). An Introduction to the Medieval Bible. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511843051.008.
O'Brien, Conor (October 2014). "Approaching the Bible in medieval England. By Eyal Poleg. (Manchester Medieval Studies.) Pp. xxi+263 incl. 9 figs, 2 music examples and 2 tables+7 colour plates. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2013. £65. 978 0 7190 8954 1". The Journal of Ecclesiastical History. 65 (4): 898–900. doi:10.1017/S0022046914001067.
Corbellini, Sabrina; van Duijn, Mart; Folkerts, Suzan; Hoogvliet, Margriet (2013). "Challenging the Paradigms: Holy Writ and Lay Readers in Late Medieval Europe". Church History and Religious Culture. 93 (2): 171–188. doi:10.1163/18712428-13930202. hdl:11370/2bfc99e1-d00d-4a41-8f22-74b444a7b7c4. ISSN 1871-241X. JSTOR 23923202.
Post, R.R. (1 January 1968). The Modern Devotion: Confrontation with Reformation and Humanism. doi:10.1163/9789004477155_019.
Marshall, Peter (October 2015). "Catholic Puritanism in Pre-Reformation England". British Catholic History. 32 (4): 431–450. doi:10.1017/bch.2015.15.
Rubin 2014, p. 6. Rubin, Jared (2014). "Printing and Protestants: An Empirical Test of the Role of Printing in the Reformation". Review of Economics and Statistics. 96 (2): 270–286. doi:10.1162/REST_a_00368. S2CID 52885129.
Schwarz, W. (1955). "Examples of Luther's Biblical Translation". The Journal of Theological Studies. 6 (2): 199–209. doi:10.1093/jts/VI.2.199. ISSN 0022-5185. JSTOR 23952721.
Bychkov, Oleg (2008). "The Nature of Theology in Duns Scotus and his Franciscan Predecessors". Franciscan Studies. 66 (1): 5–62. doi:10.1353/frc.0.0007. ISSN 1945-9718.
Leppin, Volker (2017). "Setting Luther into His Historical Place: My Quarrels with the German Orthodoxy in Luther Research". The Sixteenth Century Journal. 48 (4): 927–943. doi:10.1086/SCJ4804009. ISSN 0361-0160. JSTOR 44817117.
Rubin 2014, p. 7. Rubin, Jared (2014). "Printing and Protestants: An Empirical Test of the Role of Printing in the Reformation". Review of Economics and Statistics. 96 (2): 270–286. doi:10.1162/REST_a_00368. S2CID 52885129.
Rubin 2014, p. 26. Rubin, Jared (2014). "Printing and Protestants: An Empirical Test of the Role of Printing in the Reformation". Review of Economics and Statistics. 96 (2): 270–286. doi:10.1162/REST_a_00368. S2CID 52885129.
Kim & Pfaff 2012, p. 205. Kim, Hyojoung; Pfaff, Steven (February 2012). "Structure and Dynamics of Religious Insurgency: Students and the Spread of the Reformation". American Sociological Review. 77 (2). American Sociological Association: 188–215. doi:10.1177/0003122411435905. ISSN 0003-1224. S2CID 144678806.
Pfaff 2013, p. 189. Pfaff, Steven (12 March 2013). "The true citizens of the city of God: the cult of saints, the Catholic social order, and the urban Reformation in Germany". Theory and Society. 42 (2). Springer: 189–218. doi:10.1007/s11186-013-9188-x. ISSN 0304-2421. JSTOR 43694683. S2CID 144049459.
Pfaff 2013, p. 190. Pfaff, Steven (12 March 2013). "The true citizens of the city of God: the cult of saints, the Catholic social order, and the urban Reformation in Germany". Theory and Society. 42 (2). Springer: 189–218. doi:10.1007/s11186-013-9188-x. ISSN 0304-2421. JSTOR 43694683. S2CID 144049459.
Rubin 2014, p. 9. Rubin, Jared (2014). "Printing and Protestants: An Empirical Test of the Role of Printing in the Reformation". Review of Economics and Statistics. 96 (2): 270–286. doi:10.1162/REST_a_00368. S2CID 52885129.
Kim & Pfaff 2012, p. 206. Kim, Hyojoung; Pfaff, Steven (February 2012). "Structure and Dynamics of Religious Insurgency: Students and the Spread of the Reformation". American Sociological Review. 77 (2). American Sociological Association: 188–215. doi:10.1177/0003122411435905. ISSN 0003-1224. S2CID 144678806.
Cantoni 2012, p. 20. Cantoni, Davide (May 2012). "Adopting a new religion: The case of Protestantism in 16th century Germany". The Economic Journal. 122 (560). Oxford University Press: 502–531. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2012.02495.x. hdl:10230/19925. ISSN 0013-0133. JSTOR 41494446. S2CID 154412497.
Eire, Carlos M.N. (October 1996). "Book reviews: Early Modern European. 'Voracious Idols and Violent Hands: Iconoclasm in Reformation Zurich, Strasbourg, and Basel' by Lee Palmer Wandel". Catholic Historical Review. 82 (4): 703–704. doi:10.1353/cat.1996.0153. ISSN 0008-8080.
Pfaff 2013, p. 191. Pfaff, Steven (12 March 2013). "The true citizens of the city of God: the cult of saints, the Catholic social order, and the urban Reformation in Germany". Theory and Society. 42 (2). Springer: 189–218. doi:10.1007/s11186-013-9188-x. ISSN 0304-2421. JSTOR 43694683. S2CID 144049459.
Pfaff 2013, p. 201. Pfaff, Steven (12 March 2013). "The true citizens of the city of God: the cult of saints, the Catholic social order, and the urban Reformation in Germany". Theory and Society. 42 (2). Springer: 189–218. doi:10.1007/s11186-013-9188-x. ISSN 0304-2421. JSTOR 43694683. S2CID 144049459.
Pfaff 2013, p. 202. Pfaff, Steven (12 March 2013). "The true citizens of the city of God: the cult of saints, the Catholic social order, and the urban Reformation in Germany". Theory and Society. 42 (2). Springer: 189–218. doi:10.1007/s11186-013-9188-x. ISSN 0304-2421. JSTOR 43694683. S2CID 144049459.
Pfaff 2013, p. 214. Pfaff, Steven (12 March 2013). "The true citizens of the city of God: the cult of saints, the Catholic social order, and the urban Reformation in Germany". Theory and Society. 42 (2). Springer: 189–218. doi:10.1007/s11186-013-9188-x. ISSN 0304-2421. JSTOR 43694683. S2CID 144049459.
Iyigun 2008, pp. 4, 27. Iyigun, Murat (November 2008). "Luther and Suleyman". The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 123 (4). Oxford University Press: 1465–1494. doi:10.1162/qjec.2008.123.4.1465. ISSN 0033-5533. JSTOR 40506214.
Zorzin, Alejandro (1 September 2020). "A Portrait of Andreas Bodenstein von Karlstadt by Lucas Cranach the Elder". Reformation & Renaissance Review. 22 (3): 238–252. doi:10.1080/14622459.2020.1807762. ISSN 1462-2459.
Cantoni 2012, p. 524. Cantoni, Davide (May 2012). "Adopting a new religion: The case of Protestantism in 16th century Germany". The Economic Journal. 122 (560). Oxford University Press: 502–531. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2012.02495.x. hdl:10230/19925. ISSN 0013-0133. JSTOR 41494446. S2CID 154412497.
Overell, M. Anne (29 November 2021). "The Cambridge Connection and the 'Strangeness' of Italian Reformers, 1547–1556". The Cambridge Connection in Tudor England: 180–204. doi:10.1163/9789004382251_008. ISBN 978-90-04-38225-1.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
Becker, Sascha O.; Hsiao, Yuan; Pfaff, Steven; Rubin, Jared (1 October 2020). "Multiplex Network Ties and the Spatial Diffusion of Radical Innovations: Martin Luther's Leadership in the Early Reformation". American Sociological Review. 85 (5): 857–894. doi:10.1177/0003122420948059. ISSN 0003-1224.
Martínez Fernández, Luis (2000). "Crypto-Protestants and Pseudo-Catholics in the Nineteenth-Century Hispanic Caribbean". Journal of Ecclesiastical History. 51 (2): 347–65. doi:10.1017/S0022046900004255. S2CID 162296826.
Lobenstein-Reichmann, Anja (29 March 2017). "Martin Luther, Bible Translation, and the German Language". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.382. ISBN 978-0-19934037-8.
Pettegree & Hall 2004, p. 786. Pettegree, Andrew; Hall, Matthew (December 2004). "The Reformation and the Book: A Reconsideration". The Historical Journal. 47 (4): 785–808. doi:10.1017/S0018246X04003991. JSTOR 4091657. S2CID 145512622.
Becker, Sascha O.; Woessmann, Ludger (1 May 2009). "Was Weber Wrong? A Human Capital Theory of Protestant Economic History". The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 124 (2): 531–96. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.657.9590. doi:10.1162/qjec.2009.124.2.531. hdl:1893/1653. ISSN 0033-5533. S2CID 3113486. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
1800s Germany had the literacy rate as neighbouring France.Allen, Robert C. (2003). "Progress and Poverty in Early Modern Europe". The Economic History Review. 56 (3): 403–443. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2003.00257.x. ISSN 0013-0117. JSTOR 3698570.
Vincent, David (2019). "The Modern History of Literacy" (PDF). In Rury, John L.; Tamura, Eileen H. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the History of Education. 7. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199340033.013.30. ISBN 978-0-199-34003-3. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
Becker, Sascha O.; Woessmann, Ludger (1 December 2008). "Luther and the Girls: Religious Denomination and the Female Education Gap in Nineteenth-century Prussia". Scandinavian Journal of Economics. 110 (4): 777–805. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9442.2008.00561.x. ISSN 1467-9442. S2CID 146303270.
Becker, Sascha O.; Woessmann, Ludger (1 May 2010). "The effect of Protestantism on education before the industrialization: Evidence from 1816 Prussia". Economics Letters. 107 (2): 224–28. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.517.2101. doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2010.01.031. S2CID 154922179. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Boppart, Timo; Falkinger, Josef; Grossmann, Volker; Woitek, Ulrich; Wüthrich, Gabriela (1 April 2013). "Under which conditions does religion affect educational outcomes?" (PDF). Explorations in Economic History. 50 (2): 242–66. doi:10.1016/j.eeh.2012.12.001. S2CID 154150626. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Boppart, Timo; Falkinger, Josef; Grossmann, Volker (1 April 2014). "Protestantism and Education: Reading (the Bible) and Other Skills" (PDF). Economic Inquiry. 52 (2): 874–95. doi:10.1111/ecin.12058. ISSN 1465-7295. S2CID 10220106. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Schaltegger, Christoph A.; Torgler, Benno (1 May 2010). "Work ethic, Protestantism, and human capital" (PDF). Economics Letters. 107 (2): 99–101. doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2009.12.037. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Basten, Christoph; Betz, Frank (2013). "Beyond Work Ethic: Religion, Individual, and Political Preferences" (PDF). American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. 5 (3): 67–91. doi:10.1257/pol.5.3.67. hdl:1814/62006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
van Hoorn, André; Maseland, Robbert (1 July 2013). "Does a Protestant work ethic exist? Evidence from the well-being effect of unemployment" (PDF). Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. 91: 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2013.03.038. hdl:11370/edf4c610-0828-4ba7-b222-9ce36e3c58be. S2CID 73683588. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Hayward, R. David; Kemmelmeier, Markus (1 November 2011). "Weber Revisited A Cross-National Analysis of Religiosity, Religious Culture, and Economic Attitudes". Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 42 (8): 1406–1420. doi:10.1177/0022022111412527. ISSN 0022-0221. S2CID 9101480.
Cantoni, Davide (1 August 2015). "The Economic Effects of the Protestant Reformation: Testing the Weber Hypothesis in the German Lands". Journal of the European Economic Association. 13 (4): 561–98. doi:10.1111/jeea.12117. hdl:10230/11729. ISSN 1542-4774. S2CID 7528944.
Nunziata, Luca; Rocco, Lorenzo (20 January 2016). "A tale of minorities: evidence on religious ethics and entrepreneurship". Journal of Economic Growth. 21 (2): 189–224. doi:10.1007/s10887-015-9123-2. ISSN 1381-4338. S2CID 55740195.
Arruñada, Benito (1 September 2010). "Protestants and Catholics: Similar Work Ethic, Different Social Ethic*". The Economic Journal. 120 (547): 890–918. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02325.x. hdl:10230/624. ISSN 1468-0297. S2CID 6753991.
Spater, Jeremy; Tranvik, Isak (1 November 2019). "The Protestant Ethic Reexamined: Calvinism and Industrialization". Comparative Political Studies. 52 (13–14): 1963–94. doi:10.1177/0010414019830721. ISSN 0010-4140. S2CID 204438351.
Philpott, Daniel (1 January 2000). "The Religious Roots of Modern International Relations" (PDF). World Politics. 52 (2): 206–45. doi:10.1017/S0043887100002604. ISSN 1086-3338. S2CID 40773221.
Stamatov, Peter (1 August 2010). "Activist Religion, Empire, and the Emergence of Modern Long-Distance Advocacy Networks". American Sociological Review. 75 (4): 607–28. doi:10.1177/0003122410374083. hdl:10016/33305. ISSN 0003-1224. S2CID 145615068.
Figueroa, Valentín (2023). "The Protestant Road to Bureaucracy". World Politics. 75 (2): 390–437. doi:10.1353/wp.2023.0006. ISSN 1086-3338.
Gorski, Philip S. (1 January 2000). "Historicizing the Secularization Debate: Church, State, and Society in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe, ca. 1300 to 1700". American Sociological Review. 65 (1): 138–67. doi:10.2307/2657295. JSTOR 2657295. S2CID 147029738.
Pullan, Brian (1 January 1976). "Catholics and the Poor in Early Modern Europe". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. 26: 15–34. doi:10.2307/3679070. JSTOR 3679070. S2CID 161899850.
Kahl, Sigrun (1 April 2005). "The religious roots of modern poverty policy: Catholic, Lutheran, and Reformed Protestant traditions compared". European Journal of Sociology / Archives Européennes de Sociologie. 46 (1): 91–126. doi:10.1017/S0003975605000044. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0012-4DFA-2. ISSN 1474-0583. S2CID 9584702.

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Ahačič, Kozma (2013). "Nova odkritja o slovenski protestantiki" [New Discoveries About the Slovene Protestant Literature] (PDF). Slavistična Revija (in Slovenian). 61 (4): 543–555. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
"Media, Markets and Institutional Change: Evidence from the Protestant Reformation" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Boppart, Timo; Falkinger, Josef; Grossmann, Volker; Woitek, Ulrich; Wüthrich, Gabriela (1 April 2013). "Under which conditions does religion affect educational outcomes?" (PDF). Explorations in Economic History. 50 (2): 242–66. doi:10.1016/j.eeh.2012.12.001. S2CID 154150626. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Boppart, Timo; Falkinger, Josef; Grossmann, Volker (1 April 2014). "Protestantism and Education: Reading (the Bible) and Other Skills" (PDF). Economic Inquiry. 52 (2): 874–95. doi:10.1111/ecin.12058. ISSN 1465-7295. S2CID 10220106. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Schaltegger, Christoph A.; Torgler, Benno (1 May 2010). "Work ethic, Protestantism, and human capital" (PDF). Economics Letters. 107 (2): 99–101. doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2009.12.037. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Basten, Christoph; Betz, Frank (2013). "Beyond Work Ethic: Religion, Individual, and Political Preferences" (PDF). American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. 5 (3): 67–91. doi:10.1257/pol.5.3.67. hdl:1814/62006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
van Hoorn, André; Maseland, Robbert (1 July 2013). "Does a Protestant work ethic exist? Evidence from the well-being effect of unemployment" (PDF). Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. 91: 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2013.03.038. hdl:11370/edf4c610-0828-4ba7-b222-9ce36e3c58be. S2CID 73683588. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.

gordonconwell.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Status of Global Christianity, 2024, in the Context of 1900–2050" (PDF). Center for the Study of Global Christianity, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary. Retrieved 23 May 2024. Christian total 2,508,432,000; Catholics 1,278,009,000; Protestants 625,606,000; Independents 421,689,000; Orthodox 293,158,000; Unaffiliated 123,508,000
"Quick Facts About Global Christianity". Center for the Study of Global Christianity.

gutenberg.org (Global: 629^th place; English: 427^th place)

Valla, Lorenzo (1440). On the Donation of Constantine. Retrieved 8 February 2026.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Corbellini, Sabrina; van Duijn, Mart; Folkerts, Suzan; Hoogvliet, Margriet (2013). "Challenging the Paradigms: Holy Writ and Lay Readers in Late Medieval Europe". Church History and Religious Culture. 93 (2): 171–188. doi:10.1163/18712428-13930202. hdl:11370/2bfc99e1-d00d-4a41-8f22-74b444a7b7c4. ISSN 1871-241X. JSTOR 23923202.
Cantoni 2012, p. 20. Cantoni, Davide (May 2012). "Adopting a new religion: The case of Protestantism in 16th century Germany". The Economic Journal. 122 (560). Oxford University Press: 502–531. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2012.02495.x. hdl:10230/19925. ISSN 0013-0133. JSTOR 41494446. S2CID 154412497.
Cantoni 2012, p. 524. Cantoni, Davide (May 2012). "Adopting a new religion: The case of Protestantism in 16th century Germany". The Economic Journal. 122 (560). Oxford University Press: 502–531. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2012.02495.x. hdl:10230/19925. ISSN 0013-0133. JSTOR 41494446. S2CID 154412497.
Becker, Sascha O.; Woessmann, Ludger (1 May 2009). "Was Weber Wrong? A Human Capital Theory of Protestant Economic History". The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 124 (2): 531–96. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.657.9590. doi:10.1162/qjec.2009.124.2.531. hdl:1893/1653. ISSN 0033-5533. S2CID 3113486. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Basten, Christoph; Betz, Frank (2013). "Beyond Work Ethic: Religion, Individual, and Political Preferences" (PDF). American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. 5 (3): 67–91. doi:10.1257/pol.5.3.67. hdl:1814/62006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
van Hoorn, André; Maseland, Robbert (1 July 2013). "Does a Protestant work ethic exist? Evidence from the well-being effect of unemployment" (PDF). Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. 91: 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2013.03.038. hdl:11370/edf4c610-0828-4ba7-b222-9ce36e3c58be. S2CID 73683588. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Cantoni, Davide (1 August 2015). "The Economic Effects of the Protestant Reformation: Testing the Weber Hypothesis in the German Lands". Journal of the European Economic Association. 13 (4): 561–98. doi:10.1111/jeea.12117. hdl:10230/11729. ISSN 1542-4774. S2CID 7528944.
Arruñada, Benito (1 September 2010). "Protestants and Catholics: Similar Work Ethic, Different Social Ethic*". The Economic Journal. 120 (547): 890–918. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02325.x. hdl:10230/624. ISSN 1468-0297. S2CID 6753991.
Stamatov, Peter (1 August 2010). "Activist Religion, Empire, and the Emergence of Modern Long-Distance Advocacy Networks". American Sociological Review. 75 (4): 607–28. doi:10.1177/0003122410374083. hdl:10016/33305. ISSN 0003-1224. S2CID 145615068.
Kahl, Sigrun (1 April 2005). "The religious roots of modern poverty policy: Catholic, Lutheran, and Reformed Protestant traditions compared". European Journal of Sociology / Archives Européennes de Sociologie. 46 (1): 91–126. doi:10.1017/S0003975605000044. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0012-4DFA-2. ISSN 1474-0583. S2CID 9584702.

hup.harvard.edu (Global: 6,606^th place; English: 4,067^th place)

Berman, Harold J. (30 September 2006). Law and Revolution. Vol. II. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-67402230-0. Retrieved 19 April 2016.

jhu.edu (Global: 560^th place; English: 313^th place)

muse.jhu.edu

Bychkov, Oleg (2008). "The Nature of Theology in Duns Scotus and his Franciscan Predecessors". Franciscan Studies. 66 (1): 5–62. doi:10.1353/frc.0.0007. ISSN 1945-9718.
Figueroa, Valentín (2023). "The Protestant Road to Bureaucracy". World Politics. 75 (2): 390–437. doi:10.1353/wp.2023.0006. ISSN 1086-3338.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

"Until the seventeenth century, …Christianity meant a body of people, but since then it refers only to a body of beliefs." Lewis, Eleanor V. (June 1986). "(Review) Christianity in the West, 1400–1700. By John Bossy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985". Church History. 55 (2): 225–26. doi:10.2307/3167429. JSTOR 3167429. S2CID 162279854.
Hen, Yitzhak (2006). Medieval Manuscripts in Transition: Tradition and Creative Recycling. Leuven University Press. ISBN 978-90-5867-520-0. JSTOR j.ctt9qdxv4.11.
Galpern, A. N. (1986). "Review of Christianity in the West, 1400-1700". The American Historical Review. 91 (5): 1184–1185. doi:10.2307/1864415. ISSN 0002-8762. JSTOR 1864415.
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Firpo 2016, p. 295. Firpo, Massimo (May 2016). "Rethinking "Catholic Reform" and "Counter-Reformation": What Happened in Early Modern Catholicism—a View from Italy". Journal of Early Modern History. 20 (3). Brill: 293–312. doi:10.1163/15700658-12342506. ISSN 1385-3783.
Galpern, A. N. (1986). "Review of Christianity in the West, 1400-1700". The American Historical Review. 91 (5): 1184–1185. doi:10.2307/1864415. ISSN 0002-8762. JSTOR 1864415.
Pfaff 2013, pp. 196–197. Pfaff, Steven (12 March 2013). "The true citizens of the city of God: the cult of saints, the Catholic social order, and the urban Reformation in Germany". Theory and Society. 42 (2). Springer: 189–218. doi:10.1007/s11186-013-9188-x. ISSN 0304-2421. JSTOR 43694683. S2CID 144049459.
Pfaff 2013, pp. 213–214. Pfaff, Steven (12 March 2013). "The true citizens of the city of God: the cult of saints, the Catholic social order, and the urban Reformation in Germany". Theory and Society. 42 (2). Springer: 189–218. doi:10.1007/s11186-013-9188-x. ISSN 0304-2421. JSTOR 43694683. S2CID 144049459.
Corbellini, Sabrina; van Duijn, Mart; Folkerts, Suzan; Hoogvliet, Margriet (2013). "Challenging the Paradigms: Holy Writ and Lay Readers in Late Medieval Europe". Church History and Religious Culture. 93 (2): 171–188. doi:10.1163/18712428-13930202. hdl:11370/2bfc99e1-d00d-4a41-8f22-74b444a7b7c4. ISSN 1871-241X. JSTOR 23923202.
Schwarz, W. (1955). "Examples of Luther's Biblical Translation". The Journal of Theological Studies. 6 (2): 199–209. doi:10.1093/jts/VI.2.199. ISSN 0022-5185. JSTOR 23952721.
Bychkov, Oleg (2008). "The Nature of Theology in Duns Scotus and his Franciscan Predecessors". Franciscan Studies. 66 (1): 5–62. doi:10.1353/frc.0.0007. ISSN 1945-9718.
Leppin, Volker (2017). "Setting Luther into His Historical Place: My Quarrels with the German Orthodoxy in Luther Research". The Sixteenth Century Journal. 48 (4): 927–943. doi:10.1086/SCJ4804009. ISSN 0361-0160. JSTOR 44817117.
Dittmar & Seabold 2015, p. 21. Dittmar, Jeremiah; Seabold, Skipper (August 2015). "Media, Markets and Institutional Change: Evidence from the Protestant Reformation". CEP Discussion Paper. 1367. The London School of Economics and Political Science. ISSN 2042-2695.
Becker, Pfaff & Rubin 2016, p. 18. Becker, Sascha O.; Pfaff, Steven; Rubin, Jared (2016). "Causes and Consequences of the Protestant Reformation". ESI Working Paper 16–13. ISSN 2572-1496.
Becker, Pfaff & Rubin 2016, p. 205. Becker, Sascha O.; Pfaff, Steven; Rubin, Jared (2016). "Causes and Consequences of the Protestant Reformation". ESI Working Paper 16–13. ISSN 2572-1496.
Kim & Pfaff 2012, p. 205. Kim, Hyojoung; Pfaff, Steven (February 2012). "Structure and Dynamics of Religious Insurgency: Students and the Spread of the Reformation". American Sociological Review. 77 (2). American Sociological Association: 188–215. doi:10.1177/0003122411435905. ISSN 0003-1224. S2CID 144678806.
Pfaff 2013, p. 189. Pfaff, Steven (12 March 2013). "The true citizens of the city of God: the cult of saints, the Catholic social order, and the urban Reformation in Germany". Theory and Society. 42 (2). Springer: 189–218. doi:10.1007/s11186-013-9188-x. ISSN 0304-2421. JSTOR 43694683. S2CID 144049459.
Becker, Pfaff & Rubin 2016, p. 9. Becker, Sascha O.; Pfaff, Steven; Rubin, Jared (2016). "Causes and Consequences of the Protestant Reformation". ESI Working Paper 16–13. ISSN 2572-1496.
Pfaff 2013, p. 190. Pfaff, Steven (12 March 2013). "The true citizens of the city of God: the cult of saints, the Catholic social order, and the urban Reformation in Germany". Theory and Society. 42 (2). Springer: 189–218. doi:10.1007/s11186-013-9188-x. ISSN 0304-2421. JSTOR 43694683. S2CID 144049459.
Kim & Pfaff 2012, p. 206. Kim, Hyojoung; Pfaff, Steven (February 2012). "Structure and Dynamics of Religious Insurgency: Students and the Spread of the Reformation". American Sociological Review. 77 (2). American Sociological Association: 188–215. doi:10.1177/0003122411435905. ISSN 0003-1224. S2CID 144678806.
Cantoni 2012, p. 20. Cantoni, Davide (May 2012). "Adopting a new religion: The case of Protestantism in 16th century Germany". The Economic Journal. 122 (560). Oxford University Press: 502–531. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2012.02495.x. hdl:10230/19925. ISSN 0013-0133. JSTOR 41494446. S2CID 154412497.
Eire, Carlos M.N. (October 1996). "Book reviews: Early Modern European. 'Voracious Idols and Violent Hands: Iconoclasm in Reformation Zurich, Strasbourg, and Basel' by Lee Palmer Wandel". Catholic Historical Review. 82 (4): 703–704. doi:10.1353/cat.1996.0153. ISSN 0008-8080.
Pfaff 2013, p. 191. Pfaff, Steven (12 March 2013). "The true citizens of the city of God: the cult of saints, the Catholic social order, and the urban Reformation in Germany". Theory and Society. 42 (2). Springer: 189–218. doi:10.1007/s11186-013-9188-x. ISSN 0304-2421. JSTOR 43694683. S2CID 144049459.
Pfaff 2013, p. 201. Pfaff, Steven (12 March 2013). "The true citizens of the city of God: the cult of saints, the Catholic social order, and the urban Reformation in Germany". Theory and Society. 42 (2). Springer: 189–218. doi:10.1007/s11186-013-9188-x. ISSN 0304-2421. JSTOR 43694683. S2CID 144049459.
Becker, Pfaff & Rubin 2016, p. 21. Becker, Sascha O.; Pfaff, Steven; Rubin, Jared (2016). "Causes and Consequences of the Protestant Reformation". ESI Working Paper 16–13. ISSN 2572-1496.
Pfaff 2013, p. 202. Pfaff, Steven (12 March 2013). "The true citizens of the city of God: the cult of saints, the Catholic social order, and the urban Reformation in Germany". Theory and Society. 42 (2). Springer: 189–218. doi:10.1007/s11186-013-9188-x. ISSN 0304-2421. JSTOR 43694683. S2CID 144049459.
Pfaff 2013, p. 214. Pfaff, Steven (12 March 2013). "The true citizens of the city of God: the cult of saints, the Catholic social order, and the urban Reformation in Germany". Theory and Society. 42 (2). Springer: 189–218. doi:10.1007/s11186-013-9188-x. ISSN 0304-2421. JSTOR 43694683. S2CID 144049459.
Curuk & Smulders 2016. Curuk, Malik; Smulders, Sjak (July 2016). "Malthus Meets Luther: The Economics Behind the German Reformation". CESifo Working Paper. 6010. Ludwig-Maximilians University's Center for Economic Studies and the Ifo Institute. ISSN 2364-1428.
Iyigun 2008, pp. 4, 27. Iyigun, Murat (November 2008). "Luther and Suleyman". The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 123 (4). Oxford University Press: 1465–1494. doi:10.1162/qjec.2008.123.4.1465. ISSN 0033-5533. JSTOR 40506214.
Becker, Pfaff & Rubin 2016, pp. 15, 19. Becker, Sascha O.; Pfaff, Steven; Rubin, Jared (2016). "Causes and Consequences of the Protestant Reformation". ESI Working Paper 16–13. ISSN 2572-1496.
Zorzin, Alejandro (1 September 2020). "A Portrait of Andreas Bodenstein von Karlstadt by Lucas Cranach the Elder". Reformation & Renaissance Review. 22 (3): 238–252. doi:10.1080/14622459.2020.1807762. ISSN 1462-2459.
Cantoni 2012, p. 524. Cantoni, Davide (May 2012). "Adopting a new religion: The case of Protestantism in 16th century Germany". The Economic Journal. 122 (560). Oxford University Press: 502–531. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2012.02495.x. hdl:10230/19925. ISSN 0013-0133. JSTOR 41494446. S2CID 154412497.
Wormald, Jenny (1991). Court, kirk, and community: Scotland, 1470–1625. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-0276-3. OCLC 26132044.
Becker, Sascha O.; Hsiao, Yuan; Pfaff, Steven; Rubin, Jared (1 October 2020). "Multiplex Network Ties and the Spatial Diffusion of Radical Innovations: Martin Luther's Leadership in the Early Reformation". American Sociological Review. 85 (5): 857–894. doi:10.1177/0003122420948059. ISSN 0003-1224.
Wills, Garry (7 November 2019). "Changing the 'Changeless' Church". New York Review of Books. ISSN 0028-7504. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
Becker, Pfaff & Rubin 2016. Becker, Sascha O.; Pfaff, Steven; Rubin, Jared (2016). "Causes and Consequences of the Protestant Reformation". ESI Working Paper 16–13. ISSN 2572-1496.
Becker, Sascha O.; Woessmann, Ludger (1 May 2009). "Was Weber Wrong? A Human Capital Theory of Protestant Economic History". The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 124 (2): 531–96. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.657.9590. doi:10.1162/qjec.2009.124.2.531. hdl:1893/1653. ISSN 0033-5533. S2CID 3113486. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
1800s Germany had the literacy rate as neighbouring France.Allen, Robert C. (2003). "Progress and Poverty in Early Modern Europe". The Economic History Review. 56 (3): 403–443. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2003.00257.x. ISSN 0013-0117. JSTOR 3698570.
Becker, Sascha O.; Woessmann, Ludger (1 December 2008). "Luther and the Girls: Religious Denomination and the Female Education Gap in Nineteenth-century Prussia". Scandinavian Journal of Economics. 110 (4): 777–805. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9442.2008.00561.x. ISSN 1467-9442. S2CID 146303270.
Boppart, Timo; Falkinger, Josef; Grossmann, Volker (1 April 2014). "Protestantism and Education: Reading (the Bible) and Other Skills" (PDF). Economic Inquiry. 52 (2): 874–95. doi:10.1111/ecin.12058. ISSN 1465-7295. S2CID 10220106. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Hayward, R. David; Kemmelmeier, Markus (1 November 2011). "Weber Revisited A Cross-National Analysis of Religiosity, Religious Culture, and Economic Attitudes". Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 42 (8): 1406–1420. doi:10.1177/0022022111412527. ISSN 0022-0221. S2CID 9101480.
Cantoni, Davide (1 August 2015). "The Economic Effects of the Protestant Reformation: Testing the Weber Hypothesis in the German Lands". Journal of the European Economic Association. 13 (4): 561–98. doi:10.1111/jeea.12117. hdl:10230/11729. ISSN 1542-4774. S2CID 7528944.
Nunziata, Luca; Rocco, Lorenzo (20 January 2016). "A tale of minorities: evidence on religious ethics and entrepreneurship". Journal of Economic Growth. 21 (2): 189–224. doi:10.1007/s10887-015-9123-2. ISSN 1381-4338. S2CID 55740195.
Arruñada, Benito (1 September 2010). "Protestants and Catholics: Similar Work Ethic, Different Social Ethic*". The Economic Journal. 120 (547): 890–918. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02325.x. hdl:10230/624. ISSN 1468-0297. S2CID 6753991.
Spater, Jeremy; Tranvik, Isak (1 November 2019). "The Protestant Ethic Reexamined: Calvinism and Industrialization". Comparative Political Studies. 52 (13–14): 1963–94. doi:10.1177/0010414019830721. ISSN 0010-4140. S2CID 204438351.
Philpott, Daniel (1 January 2000). "The Religious Roots of Modern International Relations" (PDF). World Politics. 52 (2): 206–45. doi:10.1017/S0043887100002604. ISSN 1086-3338. S2CID 40773221.
Stamatov, Peter (1 August 2010). "Activist Religion, Empire, and the Emergence of Modern Long-Distance Advocacy Networks". American Sociological Review. 75 (4): 607–28. doi:10.1177/0003122410374083. hdl:10016/33305. ISSN 0003-1224. S2CID 145615068.
Figueroa, Valentín (2023). "The Protestant Road to Bureaucracy". World Politics. 75 (2): 390–437. doi:10.1353/wp.2023.0006. ISSN 1086-3338.
Kahl, Sigrun (1 April 2005). "The religious roots of modern poverty policy: Catholic, Lutheran, and Reformed Protestant traditions compared". European Journal of Sociology / Archives Européennes de Sociologie. 46 (1): 91–126. doi:10.1017/S0003975605000044. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0012-4DFA-2. ISSN 1474-0583. S2CID 9584702.

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