Regency of Algiers (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Regency of Algiers" in English language version.

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William Spencer notes: "For three centuries, Algerine foreign relations were conducted in such a manner as to preserve and advance the state's interests in total indifference to the actions of its adversaries, and to enhance Ottoman interests in the process. Algerine foreign policy was flexible, imaginative, and subtle; it blended an absolute conviction of naval superiority and belief in the permanence of the state as a vital cog in the political community of Islam, with a profound understanding of the fears, ambitions, and rivalries of Christian Europe." (Spencer (1976) pp. xi) Spencer, William (1976). Algiers in the Age of the Corsairs. Centers of civilization series. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-1334-0. OCLC 1958266.
William Spencer writes: "Algiers' status in the Mediterranean world was merited by its contributions as well as the exploits of the corsairs. Through the medium of Regency government, Ottoman institutions brought stability to North Africa. The flow of Anatolian recruits and the attachment to the Porte introduced many elements of the eclectic Ottoman civilization into the western Mediterranean. Corsair campaigns produced a fusion of Ottoman with native Maghribi and European styles, social patterns, architecture, crafts, and the like. A regular system of revenue collection, an efficient subsistence agriculture, and a well-established legitimate commerce along with corsair profits brought to the Regency a high standard of living. Its lands, while they never corresponded to the total territory conquered by France and incorporated into French Algeria, were homogeneous, well managed, and formed of an effective and collaborating social mixture the exact opposite of the situation which prevailed during the one hundred and thirty years of French control." (Spencer (1976) pp. xi-xii) Spencer, William (1976). Algiers in the Age of the Corsairs. Centers of civilization series. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-1334-0. OCLC 1958266.
Cathcart & Newkirk 1899, p. 94 Cathcart, James L. (James Leander); Newkirk, Jane Bancker Cathcart (1899). The captives. University of California Libraries. La Porte, Ind. : Herald Print. OCLC 607384966.
Ruedy 2005, p. 19. Ruedy, John Douglas (2005). Modern Algeria: The Origins and Development of a Nation. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34624-7. OCLC 61353193.
Saidouni 2009, p. 195. سعيدوني [Saidouni], ناصر الدين [Nasser al-Din] (2009). ورقات جزائرية: دراسات وأبحاث في تاريخ الجزائر في العهد العثماني Warqat Jazā'irīyah: Dirāsāt wa Abḥāth fī Tārīkh al-Jazā'ir fī al-'Ahd al-'Uthmānī [Algerian papers: studies and research on the history of Algeria during the Ottoman era] (in Arabic). Algiers: دار البصائر للنشر والتوزيع [Dār al-Baṣāʼir]. OCLC 496603883.
Al-Jilali 1994, p. 187. الجيلالي [Al-Jilali], عبد الرحمن [Abdul Rahman] (1994). تاريخ الجزائر العام للعلامة عبد الرحمن الجيلالي الجزء الثالث: الخاص بالفترة بين 1514 إلى 1830م [The General History of Algeria by Abd al-Rahman al-Jilali, Part Three: Concerning the period between 1514 and 1830 AD] (in Arabic). Algiers: الشركة الوطنية للنشر والتوزيع [National Publishing and Distribution Company].
Al-Madani 1965, pp. 64–71. المدنى [Al-Madani], أحمد توفيق [Ahmed Tawfiq] (1965). كتاب حرب الثلاثمائة سنة بين الجزائر واسبانيا 1492– 1792 [The Three Hundred Years' War between Algeria and Spain 1492 - 1792] (in Arabic). Algeria: الشركة الوطنية للنشر والتوزيع [National Publishing and Distribution Company]. OCLC 917378646.
Julien 1970, p. 275. Julien, Charles André (1970). History of North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, from the Arab Conquest to 1830. London: Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 978-0-7100-6614-5. OCLC 128197.
Julien 1970, pp. 275–276. Julien, Charles André (1970). History of North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, from the Arab Conquest to 1830. London: Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 978-0-7100-6614-5. OCLC 128197.
Julien 1970, p. 278. Julien, Charles André (1970). History of North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, from the Arab Conquest to 1830. London: Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 978-0-7100-6614-5. OCLC 128197.
Wolf 1979, p. 8. Wolf, John Baptiste (1979). The Barbary Coast: Algiers under the Turks, 1500 to 1830. New York, NY: Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-01205-7. OCLC 4805123.
Al-Jilali 1994, p. 40. الجيلالي [Al-Jilali], عبد الرحمن [Abdul Rahman] (1994). تاريخ الجزائر العام للعلامة عبد الرحمن الجيلالي الجزء الثالث: الخاص بالفترة بين 1514 إلى 1830م [The General History of Algeria by Abd al-Rahman al-Jilali, Part Three: Concerning the period between 1514 and 1830 AD] (in Arabic). Algiers: الشركة الوطنية للنشر والتوزيع [National Publishing and Distribution Company].
Al-Madani 1965, p. 175. المدنى [Al-Madani], أحمد توفيق [Ahmed Tawfiq] (1965). كتاب حرب الثلاثمائة سنة بين الجزائر واسبانيا 1492– 1792 [The Three Hundred Years' War between Algeria and Spain 1492 - 1792] (in Arabic). Algeria: الشركة الوطنية للنشر والتوزيع [National Publishing and Distribution Company]. OCLC 917378646.
Spencer 1976, p. 22. Spencer, William (1976). Algiers in the Age of the Corsairs. Centers of civilization series. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-1334-0. OCLC 1958266.
Julien 1970, p. 280. Julien, Charles André (1970). History of North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, from the Arab Conquest to 1830. London: Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 978-0-7100-6614-5. OCLC 128197.
Spencer 1976, pp. 21–22. Spencer, William (1976). Algiers in the Age of the Corsairs. Centers of civilization series. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-1334-0. OCLC 1958266.
Seybold 1987, p. 472. Seybold, Christian Friedrich (1987). Gibb, Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen; Kramers, Johannes Hendrik; Lévi-Provençal, Évariste; Schacht, Joseph (eds.). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936. Vol. 1. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-09787-2. OCLC 612244259.
Garrot 1910, p. 362. Garrot, Henri (1910). Histoire générale de l'Algérie [General history of Algeria] (in French). Algiers: P. Crescenzo. OCLC 988183238.
Wolf 1979, p. 9. Wolf, John Baptiste (1979). The Barbary Coast: Algiers under the Turks, 1500 to 1830. New York, NY: Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-01205-7. OCLC 4805123.
Wolf 1979, pp. 9–10. Wolf, John Baptiste (1979). The Barbary Coast: Algiers under the Turks, 1500 to 1830. New York, NY: Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-01205-7. OCLC 4805123.
Dewald 2004, p. 20. Dewald, Jonathan (2004). Europe 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the early modern world. Vol. 1. New York, NY: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0-684-31200-2. OCLC 492025384.
Seybold 1987, p. 268. Seybold, Christian Friedrich (1987). Gibb, Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen; Kramers, Johannes Hendrik; Lévi-Provençal, Évariste; Schacht, Joseph (eds.). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936. Vol. 1. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-09787-2. OCLC 612244259.
Julien 1970, p. 281. Julien, Charles André (1970). History of North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, from the Arab Conquest to 1830. London: Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 978-0-7100-6614-5. OCLC 128197.
Spencer 1976, p. 47. Spencer, William (1976). Algiers in the Age of the Corsairs. Centers of civilization series. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-1334-0. OCLC 1958266.
Brosch 1905, p. 109. Brosch, Moritz (1905). "The Height of the Ottoman Power". In Ward, A. W.; Prothero, G. W.; Leathes, Stanley (eds.). The Cambridge Modern History. Vol. III (The wars of religion). Cambridge: University of Cambridge.
Al-Jilali 1994, pp. 53–54. الجيلالي [Al-Jilali], عبد الرحمن [Abdul Rahman] (1994). تاريخ الجزائر العام للعلامة عبد الرحمن الجيلالي الجزء الثالث: الخاص بالفترة بين 1514 إلى 1830م [The General History of Algeria by Abd al-Rahman al-Jilali, Part Three: Concerning the period between 1514 and 1830 AD] (in Arabic). Algiers: الشركة الوطنية للنشر والتوزيع [National Publishing and Distribution Company].
Holt, Lambton & Lewis 1970, p. 255. Holt, Peter Malcolm; Lambton, Ann K. S.; Lewis, Bernard (1970). The Cambridge History of Islam. Vol. 2A. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-29137-8. OCLC 921054380.
Konstam 2016, p. 42. Konstam, Angus (2016). The Barbary Pirates. 15th–17th Centuries. Elite series. Vol. 213. London: Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4728-1543-9. OCLC 956525803.
Julien 1970, p. 292. Julien, Charles André (1970). History of North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, from the Arab Conquest to 1830. London: Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 978-0-7100-6614-5. OCLC 128197.
Spencer 1976, p. 27. Spencer, William (1976). Algiers in the Age of the Corsairs. Centers of civilization series. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-1334-0. OCLC 1958266.
Holt, Lambton & Lewis 1970, pp. 251–252. Holt, Peter Malcolm; Lambton, Ann K. S.; Lewis, Bernard (1970). The Cambridge History of Islam. Vol. 2A. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-29137-8. OCLC 921054380.
Julien 1970, p. 294. Julien, Charles André (1970). History of North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, from the Arab Conquest to 1830. London: Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 978-0-7100-6614-5. OCLC 128197.
Julien 1970, pp. 294–295. Julien, Charles André (1970). History of North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, from the Arab Conquest to 1830. London: Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 978-0-7100-6614-5. OCLC 128197.
De Grammont 1887, p. 77. De Grammont, Henri Delmas (1887). Histoire d'Alger sous la domination turque [History of Algiers under Turkish rule] (in French). Paris: E. Leroux. OCLC 1041890171.
De Grammont 1887, p. 78. De Grammont, Henri Delmas (1887). Histoire d'Alger sous la domination turque [History of Algiers under Turkish rule] (in French). Paris: E. Leroux. OCLC 1041890171.
Julien 1970, p. 295. Julien, Charles André (1970). History of North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, from the Arab Conquest to 1830. London: Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 978-0-7100-6614-5. OCLC 128197.
Julien 1970, p. 284. Julien, Charles André (1970). History of North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, from the Arab Conquest to 1830. London: Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 978-0-7100-6614-5. OCLC 128197.
Julien 1970, p. 296. Julien, Charles André (1970). History of North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, from the Arab Conquest to 1830. London: Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 978-0-7100-6614-5. OCLC 128197.
Holt, Lambton & Lewis 1970, p. 252. Holt, Peter Malcolm; Lambton, Ann K. S.; Lewis, Bernard (1970). The Cambridge History of Islam. Vol. 2A. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-29137-8. OCLC 921054380.
Garrot 1910, p. 425. Garrot, Henri (1910). Histoire générale de l'Algérie [General history of Algeria] (in French). Algiers: P. Crescenzo. OCLC 988183238.
Naylor 2006, p. 275. Naylor, Phillip C. (2006). Historical Dictionary of Algeria. Historical dictionaries of Africa (Unnumbered). Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8108-7919-5. OCLC 909370108.
Garrot 1910, p. 431. Garrot, Henri (1910). Histoire générale de l'Algérie [General history of Algeria] (in French). Algiers: P. Crescenzo. OCLC 988183238.
Julien 1970, p. 297. Julien, Charles André (1970). History of North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, from the Arab Conquest to 1830. London: Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 978-0-7100-6614-5. OCLC 128197.
Julien 1970, p. 301. Julien, Charles André (1970). History of North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, from the Arab Conquest to 1830. London: Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 978-0-7100-6614-5. OCLC 128197.
Ruedy 2005, p. 17. Ruedy, John Douglas (2005). Modern Algeria: The Origins and Development of a Nation. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34624-7. OCLC 61353193.
Spencer 1976, p. 59. Spencer, William (1976). Algiers in the Age of the Corsairs. Centers of civilization series. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-1334-0. OCLC 1958266.
Holt, Lambton & Lewis 1970, p. 256. Holt, Peter Malcolm; Lambton, Ann K. S.; Lewis, Bernard (1970). The Cambridge History of Islam. Vol. 2A. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-29137-8. OCLC 921054380.
Julien 1970, p. 303. Julien, Charles André (1970). History of North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, from the Arab Conquest to 1830. London: Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 978-0-7100-6614-5. OCLC 128197.
Julien 1970, p. 312. Julien, Charles André (1970). History of North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, from the Arab Conquest to 1830. London: Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 978-0-7100-6614-5. OCLC 128197.
Wolf 1979, p. 181. Wolf, John Baptiste (1979). The Barbary Coast: Algiers under the Turks, 1500 to 1830. New York, NY: Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-01205-7. OCLC 4805123.
Garrot 1910, pp. 444. Garrot, Henri (1910). Histoire générale de l'Algérie [General history of Algeria] (in French). Algiers: P. Crescenzo. OCLC 988183238.
Garrot 1910, pp. 444–445. Garrot, Henri (1910). Histoire générale de l'Algérie [General history of Algeria] (in French). Algiers: P. Crescenzo. OCLC 988183238.
Dan 1649, p. 110. Dan, Pierre (1649). Histoire de Barbarie et de ses corsaires, des royaumes et des villes d'Alger, de Tunis de Salé et de Tripoly [History of Barbary and its corsairs, of the kingdoms and cities of Algiers, Tunis, Salé and Tripoli] (in French). Ghent University. Paris Rocolet. OCLC 257783777.
De Grammont 1887, p. 183. De Grammont, Henri Delmas (1887). Histoire d'Alger sous la domination turque [History of Algiers under Turkish rule] (in French). Paris: E. Leroux. OCLC 1041890171.
De Grammont 1887, p. 194. De Grammont, Henri Delmas (1887). Histoire d'Alger sous la domination turque [History of Algiers under Turkish rule] (in French). Paris: E. Leroux. OCLC 1041890171.
Julien 1970, pp. 305–306. Julien, Charles André (1970). History of North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, from the Arab Conquest to 1830. London: Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 978-0-7100-6614-5. OCLC 128197.
Garrot 1910, p. 383. Garrot, Henri (1910). Histoire générale de l'Algérie [General history of Algeria] (in French). Algiers: P. Crescenzo. OCLC 988183238.
Julien 1970, p. 302. Julien, Charles André (1970). History of North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, from the Arab Conquest to 1830. London: Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 978-0-7100-6614-5. OCLC 128197.
De Grammont 1887, p. 208. De Grammont, Henri Delmas (1887). Histoire d'Alger sous la domination turque [History of Algiers under Turkish rule] (in French). Paris: E. Leroux. OCLC 1041890171.
Al-Jilali 1994, p. 158. الجيلالي [Al-Jilali], عبد الرحمن [Abdul Rahman] (1994). تاريخ الجزائر العام للعلامة عبد الرحمن الجيلالي الجزء الثالث: الخاص بالفترة بين 1514 إلى 1830م [The General History of Algeria by Abd al-Rahman al-Jilali, Part Three: Concerning the period between 1514 and 1830 AD] (in Arabic). Algiers: الشركة الوطنية للنشر والتوزيع [National Publishing and Distribution Company].
De Grammont 1887, p. 209. De Grammont, Henri Delmas (1887). Histoire d'Alger sous la domination turque [History of Algiers under Turkish rule] (in French). Paris: E. Leroux. OCLC 1041890171.
Wolf 1979, p. 235. Wolf, John Baptiste (1979). The Barbary Coast: Algiers under the Turks, 1500 to 1830. New York, NY: Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-01205-7. OCLC 4805123.
ibn al-Mufti 2009, p. 67. ابن المفتي[ibn al-Mufti], حسين بن رجب شاوش [Hussein bin Rajab Shawsh]; كعوان [Kawan], فارس [Fares] (2009). Taqyidat ibn almufti fi tarikh bashuat aljazayir wa eulamayiha تقييدات ابن المفتي في تاريخ باشوات الجزائر وعلمائها [Ibn al-Mufti's entries in the history of the pashas of Algeria and its scholars] (in Arabic). Algiers: House of Wisdom. p. 67. ISBN 978-9947-867-07-5. OCLC 1227689084.
Lane-Poole & Kelley 1896, p. 262. Lane-Poole, Stanley; Kelley, James Douglas Jerrold (1896). The Story of the Barbary Corsairs. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. ISBN 978-0-8482-4873-4. OCLC 3898279.
Saidouni 2009, pp. 159–160. سعيدوني [Saidouni], ناصر الدين [Nasser al-Din] (2009). ورقات جزائرية: دراسات وأبحاث في تاريخ الجزائر في العهد العثماني Warqat Jazā'irīyah: Dirāsāt wa Abḥāth fī Tārīkh al-Jazā'ir fī al-'Ahd al-'Uthmānī [Algerian papers: studies and research on the history of Algeria during the Ottoman era] (in Arabic). Algiers: دار البصائر للنشر والتوزيع [Dār al-Baṣāʼir]. OCLC 496603883.
Naylor 2006, p. 391. Naylor, Phillip C. (2006). Historical Dictionary of Algeria. Historical dictionaries of Africa (Unnumbered). Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8108-7919-5. OCLC 909370108.
Spencer 1976, p. 118. Spencer, William (1976). Algiers in the Age of the Corsairs. Centers of civilization series. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-1334-0. OCLC 1958266.
Wolf 1979, p. 175. Wolf, John Baptiste (1979). The Barbary Coast: Algiers under the Turks, 1500 to 1830. New York, NY: Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-01205-7. OCLC 4805123.
Wolf 1979, p. 176. Wolf, John Baptiste (1979). The Barbary Coast: Algiers under the Turks, 1500 to 1830. New York, NY: Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-01205-7. OCLC 4805123.
Julien 1970, p. 313. Julien, Charles André (1970). History of North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, from the Arab Conquest to 1830. London: Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 978-0-7100-6614-5. OCLC 128197.
Wolf 1979, pp. 220–221. Wolf, John Baptiste (1979). The Barbary Coast: Algiers under the Turks, 1500 to 1830. New York, NY: Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-01205-7. OCLC 4805123.
Wolf 1979, pp. 309–311. Wolf, John Baptiste (1979). The Barbary Coast: Algiers under the Turks, 1500 to 1830. New York, NY: Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-01205-7. OCLC 4805123.
Galibert 1843, p. 226. Galibert, Léon (1843). Histoire de l'Algérie, ancienne et moderne, depuis les premiers établissements de Carthaginois jusques et y compris les dernières campagnes du Général Bugeaud. Avec une introduction sur les divers systèmes de colonisation qui ont précédé la conquète française [History of Algeria, ancient and modern, from the first Carthaginian settlements up to and including the last campaigns of General Bugeaud. With an introduction to the various colonization systems that preceded the French conquest.] (in French). Paris: Furne et Cie [fr]. OCLC 848106839.
Julien 1970, p. 319. Julien, Charles André (1970). History of North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, from the Arab Conquest to 1830. London: Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 978-0-7100-6614-5. OCLC 128197.
Julien 1970, p. 305. Julien, Charles André (1970). History of North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, from the Arab Conquest to 1830. London: Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 978-0-7100-6614-5. OCLC 128197.
De Grammont 1887, p. 265. De Grammont, Henri Delmas (1887). Histoire d'Alger sous la domination turque [History of Algiers under Turkish rule] (in French). Paris: E. Leroux. OCLC 1041890171.
Spencer 1976, p. 121. Spencer, William (1976). Algiers in the Age of the Corsairs. Centers of civilization series. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-1334-0. OCLC 1958266.
Garrot 1910, p. 511. Garrot, Henri (1910). Histoire générale de l'Algérie [General history of Algeria] (in French). Algiers: P. Crescenzo. OCLC 988183238.
Holt, Lambton & Lewis 1970, p. 279. Holt, Peter Malcolm; Lambton, Ann K. S.; Lewis, Bernard (1970). The Cambridge History of Islam. Vol. 2A. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-29137-8. OCLC 921054380.
Saidouni 2009, p. 143. سعيدوني [Saidouni], ناصر الدين [Nasser al-Din] (2009). ورقات جزائرية: دراسات وأبحاث في تاريخ الجزائر في العهد العثماني Warqat Jazā'irīyah: Dirāsāt wa Abḥāth fī Tārīkh al-Jazā'ir fī al-'Ahd al-'Uthmānī [Algerian papers: studies and research on the history of Algeria during the Ottoman era] (in Arabic). Algiers: دار البصائر للنشر والتوزيع [Dār al-Baṣāʼir]. OCLC 496603883.
Al-Madani 1965, pp. 461–462. المدنى [Al-Madani], أحمد توفيق [Ahmed Tawfiq] (1965). كتاب حرب الثلاثمائة سنة بين الجزائر واسبانيا 1492– 1792 [The Three Hundred Years' War between Algeria and Spain 1492 - 1792] (in Arabic). Algeria: الشركة الوطنية للنشر والتوزيع [National Publishing and Distribution Company]. OCLC 917378646.
Al-Madani 1965, p. 481. المدنى [Al-Madani], أحمد توفيق [Ahmed Tawfiq] (1965). كتاب حرب الثلاثمائة سنة بين الجزائر واسبانيا 1492– 1792 [The Three Hundred Years' War between Algeria and Spain 1492 - 1792] (in Arabic). Algeria: الشركة الوطنية للنشر والتوزيع [National Publishing and Distribution Company]. OCLC 917378646.
Al-Jilali 1994, p. 220. الجيلالي [Al-Jilali], عبد الرحمن [Abdul Rahman] (1994). تاريخ الجزائر العام للعلامة عبد الرحمن الجيلالي الجزء الثالث: الخاص بالفترة بين 1514 إلى 1830م [The General History of Algeria by Abd al-Rahman al-Jilali, Part Three: Concerning the period between 1514 and 1830 AD] (in Arabic). Algiers: الشركة الوطنية للنشر والتوزيع [National Publishing and Distribution Company].
Wolf 1979, p. 293. Wolf, John Baptiste (1979). The Barbary Coast: Algiers under the Turks, 1500 to 1830. New York, NY: Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-01205-7. OCLC 4805123.
Wolf 1979, pp. 290–291. Wolf, John Baptiste (1979). The Barbary Coast: Algiers under the Turks, 1500 to 1830. New York, NY: Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-01205-7. OCLC 4805123.
Holt, Lambton & Lewis 1970, p. 278. Holt, Peter Malcolm; Lambton, Ann K. S.; Lewis, Bernard (1970). The Cambridge History of Islam. Vol. 2A. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-29137-8. OCLC 921054380.
ibn Zahhār 1974, pp. 23–24. ibn Zahhār, Aḥmad (1974). مذكرات الحاج أحمد الشريف الزهار، نقيب أشراف الجزائر، 1168-1246 ھ./1754-1830 م [Memoirs of Hajj Ahmed Al-Sharif Al-Zahar, head of the nobles of Algeria, 1168-1246 AH/1754-1830 AD] (in Arabic). Algeria: National Publishing and Distribution Company. OCLC 1227688816.
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Saidouni 2009, pp. 161–162. سعيدوني [Saidouni], ناصر الدين [Nasser al-Din] (2009). ورقات جزائرية: دراسات وأبحاث في تاريخ الجزائر في العهد العثماني Warqat Jazā'irīyah: Dirāsāt wa Abḥāth fī Tārīkh al-Jazā'ir fī al-'Ahd al-'Uthmānī [Algerian papers: studies and research on the history of Algeria during the Ottoman era] (in Arabic). Algiers: دار البصائر للنشر والتوزيع [Dār al-Baṣāʼir]. OCLC 496603883.
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Laʻraj 1990, p. 245. Laʻraj, ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz Maḥmūd (1990). الزليج في العمارة الٳسلامية بالجزائر في العصر التركي: دراسة أثرية فنية [Zellij in Islamic architecture in Algeria in the Turkish era: An Artistic Archaeological Study] (in Arabic). Algeria: National Book Foundation. LCCN 91967551. OCLC 25980874.
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bnf.fr

gallica.bnf.fr

Mercier 1888, p. 19. Mercier, Ernest (1888). Histoire de l'Afrique septentrionale (Berbérie) depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu'à la conquête française (1830) [History of northern Africa (Barbary) from the earliest times until the French conquest (1830)] (in French). Vol. 3. Paris: E. Leroux. OCLC 1143192065.
De Haëdo 2004, p. 161. De Haëdo, Diégo (2004) [1881]. Histoire des rois d'Alger [History of the Kings of Algiers]. Histoire du Maghreb (in French). Translated by H.D. de Grammont. Algiers: éditions Grand-Alger-Livres. OCLC 1153443423.
Mercier 1888, p. 71. Mercier, Ernest (1888). Histoire de l'Afrique septentrionale (Berbérie) depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu'à la conquête française (1830) [History of northern Africa (Barbary) from the earliest times until the French conquest (1830)] (in French). Vol. 3. Paris: E. Leroux. OCLC 1143192065.
Mercier 1888, p. 237. Mercier, Ernest (1888). Histoire de l'Afrique septentrionale (Berbérie) depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu'à la conquête française (1830) [History of northern Africa (Barbary) from the earliest times until the French conquest (1830)] (in French). Vol. 3. Paris: E. Leroux. OCLC 1143192065.
De Grammont 1879–1885. De Grammont, Henri Delmas (1879–1885). Relations entre la France et la Régence d'Alger au XVIIe siècle: La mission de Sanson Napollon (1628-1633). Les deux canons de Simon Dansa (1606-1628) [Relations between France and the Regency of Algiers in the 17th century: The Mission of Sanson Napollon (1628-1633)] (in French). Algiers: A. Jourdan. OCLC 23234894.
Mercier 1888, p. 313. Mercier, Ernest (1888). Histoire de l'Afrique septentrionale (Berbérie) depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu'à la conquête française (1830) [History of northern Africa (Barbary) from the earliest times until the French conquest (1830)] (in French). Vol. 3. Paris: E. Leroux. OCLC 1143192065.
Mercier 1903, pp. 308–319. Mercier, Ernest (1903). Histoire de Constantine [History of Constantine] (in French). Constantine, Algeria: J. Marle et F. Biron. ISBN 978-2-01-288749-7. OCLC 1176952317.
Mercier 1888, p. 468. Mercier, Ernest (1888). Histoire de l'Afrique septentrionale (Berbérie) depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu'à la conquête française (1830) [History of northern Africa (Barbary) from the earliest times until the French conquest (1830)] (in French). Vol. 3. Paris: E. Leroux. OCLC 1143192065.

catalogue.bnf.fr

Ghalem & Ramaoun 2000, p. 27. Ghalem, Mohamed; Ramaoun, Hassan (2000). L'Algérie: histoire, société et culture (in French). Algiers: Casbah Éditions. ISBN 9961-64-189-2. OCLC 46969984. BnF 39208583s.

books.google.com

According to Merouche "It is first of all a new state integrated into a large empire, an "Imperial state", having at the same time all the attributes of a state in the sense of that time but which moreover constituted a largely autonomous province within the Ottoman Empire. The evolution of the status of the province towards a de-facto independence does not change the fundamentally Ottoman character of the state".(Merouche (2002) p. 10) Merouche, Lemnouar (2002). Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane I: Monnaies, prix et revenus 1520-1830 [Research on Algeria in the Ottoman period I: Coins, prices and income 1520-1830]. Bibliothèque d'histoire du Maghreb (in French). Paris: Bouchène. ISBN 978-2-35676-054-8. OCLC 50051561.
Algerian historian Mahfoud Kaddache [fr] wrote that "Algeria was first a regency, a kingdom-province of the Ottoman Empire and then a state with great autonomy, independent even, sometimes called a kingdom or military republic by historians, but which still recognized the spiritual authority of the caliph of Istanbul". (Kaddache (1998) p. 233) Kaddache, Mahfoud (1998). L'Algérie durant la période ottomane [Algeria during the Ottoman period] (in French). Algiers: Office des publications universitaires. ISBN 978-9961-0-0099-1. OCLC 41996481.
The Chamber of Commerce of Marseilles complained in a memoir in 1783: "Everything announces that this trade will one day imperceptibly be of some consideration, because the country has by itself a capital fund which has given the awakening to the peoples who live there, and that nothing is so common today, to see Algerians and Jews domiciled in Algiers coming to Marseilles to bring us the products of this kingdom." (Kaddache (2003) p. 538) Kaddache, Mahfoud (2003). L'Algérie des Algériens de la préhistoire à 1954 [Algeria of the Algerians: Prehistory to 1954] (in French). Paris: Paris-Méditerranée. ISBN 978-2-84272-166-4. OCLC 52106453.
American consul in Algiers William Shaler would describe the Algerian regency's government as following: "The merits of this government have been proved by its continuance, with few variations in it forms of administration, for three centuries. It is in fact a military republic with a chief elective for life, and upon a small scale resembling that of the Roman Empire after the death of Commodus. This government ostensibly consists of a sovereign chief, who is termed the Dey of Algiers, and a Divan, or great Council, indefinite in point of number, which is composed of the ancient military who are or have been commanders of corps. The divan elects the Deys, and deliberates upon such affairs as he chooses to lay before them." (Shaler (1826) p. 16) Shaler, William (1826). Sketches of Algiers, Political, Historical, and Civil: Containing an Account of the Geography, Population, Government, Revenues, Commerce, Agriculture, Arts, Civil Institutions, Tribes, Manners, Languages, and Recent Political History of that Country. Boston: Cummings, Hilliard. OCLC 958750685.
Ottoman Algerian dignitary Hamdan Khodja recalls: "The old officials who had completed their work were always repeating to their young successors: “We are foreigners. We did not obtain the submission of this people and the possession of this land by force and sword; Rather, thanks to kindness and leniency, we have become leaders !!! We were not statesmen in our country, and we did not obtain our titles and positions except on this land. Therefore, this country is our homeland, and our duty and interests require us to exert ourselves in contributing to the success and prosperity of this people. Just like we do it for ourselves.” (Khoja (2016) pp. 106-107) Khoja, Hamdan Ben-Othman (July 2016) [1833]. Aperçu Historique Et Statistique Sur La Régence d'Alger, Intitulé En Arabe: Le Miroir (in French). Vanves, Paris: Hachette Livre. ISBN 978-2-01-371914-8. OCLC 1304515544.
Agoston 2009, p. 33. Agoston, Gabor (2009). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. New York, NY: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7. OCLC 435911915.
Merouche 2007, p. 140. Merouche, Lemnouar (2007). Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane II: La course, mythes et réalités [Research on Algeria in the Ottoman period II: The Corso, Myths and Realities]. Bibliothèque d'histoire du Maghreb (in French). Paris: Éditions Bouchène. ISBN 978-2-912946-95-9. OCLC 51843745.
Panzac 2005, p. 22. Panzac, Daniel (2005). The Barbary Corsairs: The End of a Legend, 1800-1820. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-12594-0. OCLC 940828559.
Sluglett 2014, p. 68. Sluglett, Peter (2014). Atlas of Islamic History. London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315743387. ISBN 978-1-317-58897-9. OCLC 902673654.
Somel 2010, p. 16. Somel, Selcuk Aksin (2010). The A to Z of the Ottoman Empire. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8108-7579-1. OCLC 1100851523.
Naylor 2015, p. 121. Naylor, Phillip C. (2015). North Africa, A History from Antiquity to the Present. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-76190-2. OCLC 895661030.
Merouche 2007, p. 186. Merouche, Lemnouar (2007). Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane II: La course, mythes et réalités [Research on Algeria in the Ottoman period II: The Corso, Myths and Realities]. Bibliothèque d'histoire du Maghreb (in French). Paris: Éditions Bouchène. ISBN 978-2-912946-95-9. OCLC 51843745.
De Tassy 1725, pp. 1, 3, 5, 7, 12, 15. De Tassy, Laugier (1725). Histoire du royaume d'Alger: avec l'etat présent de son gouvernement, de ses forces de terre & de mer, de ses revenus, police, justice, politique & commerce [History of the Kingdom of Algiers: with the present state of its government, land and sea forces, revenues, police, justice, politics and trade] (in French). Amsterdam: Henri du Sauzet. OCLC 21671502.
De Tassy 1725, p. 300 chap. XX. De Tassy, Laugier (1725). Histoire du royaume d'Alger: avec l'etat présent de son gouvernement, de ses forces de terre & de mer, de ses revenus, police, justice, politique & commerce [History of the Kingdom of Algiers: with the present state of its government, land and sea forces, revenues, police, justice, politics and trade] (in French). Amsterdam: Henri du Sauzet. OCLC 21671502.
Kaddache 1998, p. 3. Kaddache, Mahfoud (1998). L'Algérie durant la période ottomane [Algeria during the Ottoman period] (in French). Algiers: Office des publications universitaires. ISBN 978-9961-0-0099-1. OCLC 41996481.
Panzac 1995, p. 62. Panzac, Daniel (1995). Histoire économique et sociale de l'Empire ottoman et de la Turquie (1326-1960): Actes du sixième congrès international tenu à Aix-en-Provence du 1er au 4 juillet 1992 [Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire and Turkey (1326-1960): Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress held in Aix-en-Provence from July 1 to 4, 1992]. Collection Turcica (in French). Vol. 8. Paris: Peeters Publishers. ISBN 978-90-6831-799-2. OCLC 611664277.
Koulakssis & Meynier 1987, pp. 7, 17. Koulakssis, Ahmed; Meynier, Gilbert (1987). L'émir Khaled: premier zaʼîm ?: identité algérienne et colonialisme français [Emir Khaled: first za'im? Algerian Identity and French Colonialism]. Histoire et perspectives méditerranéennes (Mediterranean History and Perspectives) (in French). Paris: Harmattan. pp. 7, 17. ISBN 2-85802-859-1. OCLC 19274409.
Merouche 2007, p. 139. Merouche, Lemnouar (2007). Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane II: La course, mythes et réalités [Research on Algeria in the Ottoman period II: The Corso, Myths and Realities]. Bibliothèque d'histoire du Maghreb (in French). Paris: Éditions Bouchène. ISBN 978-2-912946-95-9. OCLC 51843745.
Merouche 2002, p. 10. Merouche, Lemnouar (2002). Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane I: Monnaies, prix et revenus 1520-1830 [Research on Algeria in the Ottoman period I: Coins, prices and income 1520-1830]. Bibliothèque d'histoire du Maghreb (in French). Paris: Bouchène. ISBN 978-2-35676-054-8. OCLC 50051561.
Pitcher 1972, p. 107. Pitcher, Donald Edgar (1972). An Historical Geography of the Ottoman Empire from Earliest Times to the End of the Sixteenth Century. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-03828-8. OCLC 866913.
Liang 2011, p. 142. Liang, Yuen-Gen (2011). Family and Empire: The Fernández de Córdoba and the Spanish Realm. Haney Foundation series. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-0437-7. OCLC 794925808.
Gaïd 2014, p. 39. Gaïd, Mouloud (2014) [1975]. L'Algérie sous les Turcs [Algeria under the Turks] (in French). Algeria: Mimouni. ISBN 978-9961-68-157-2. OCLC 1290162902.
Kaddache 2003, p. 334. Kaddache, Mahfoud (2003). L'Algérie des Algériens de la préhistoire à 1954 [Algeria of the Algerians: Prehistory to 1954] (in French). Paris: Paris-Méditerranée. ISBN 978-2-84272-166-4. OCLC 52106453.
Garcés 2002, pp. 21–22. Garcés, María Antonia (2002). Cervantes in Algiers: A Captive's Tale. Nashville, Tennessee: Vanderbilt University Press. ISBN 978-0-8265-1470-7. OCLC 61463931.
Abun Nasr 1987, p. 149. Abun Nasr, Jamil M. (1987). A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-33767-0. OCLC 951299985.
Hess 2011, p. 64. Hess, Andrew C (2011). The Forgotten Frontier: A History of the Sixteenth-Century Ibero-African Frontier. Publications of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies. Vol. 10. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-33030-3. OCLC 781318862.
Khoja 2016, p. 79. Khoja, Hamdan Ben-Othman (July 2016) [1833]. Aperçu Historique Et Statistique Sur La Régence d'Alger, Intitulé En Arabe: Le Miroir (in French). Vanves, Paris: Hachette Livre. ISBN 978-2-01-371914-8. OCLC 1304515544.
Kaddache 2003, p. 337. Kaddache, Mahfoud (2003). L'Algérie des Algériens de la préhistoire à 1954 [Algeria of the Algerians: Prehistory to 1954] (in French). Paris: Paris-Méditerranée. ISBN 978-2-84272-166-4. OCLC 52106453.
Hess 2011, p. 65. Hess, Andrew C (2011). The Forgotten Frontier: A History of the Sixteenth-Century Ibero-African Frontier. Publications of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies. Vol. 10. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-33030-3. OCLC 781318862.
Kaddache 2003, p. 335. Kaddache, Mahfoud (2003). L'Algérie des Algériens de la préhistoire à 1954 [Algeria of the Algerians: Prehistory to 1954] (in French). Paris: Paris-Méditerranée. ISBN 978-2-84272-166-4. OCLC 52106453.
Merouche 2007, pp. 52. Merouche, Lemnouar (2007). Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane II: La course, mythes et réalités [Research on Algeria in the Ottoman period II: The Corso, Myths and Realities]. Bibliothèque d'histoire du Maghreb (in French). Paris: Éditions Bouchène. ISBN 978-2-912946-95-9. OCLC 51843745.
Imber 2019, p. 209. Imber, Colin (2019). The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650: The Structure of Power (3 ed.). London: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1350307629. OCLC 1140132859.
Atsushi 2018, p. 20. Atsushi, Ota (2018). In the Name of the Battle against Piracy: Ideas and Practices in State Monopoly of Maritime Violence in Europe and Asia in the Period of Transition. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-36148-5. OCLC 1030304579.
Merouche 2007, p. 53. Merouche, Lemnouar (2007). Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane II: La course, mythes et réalités [Research on Algeria in the Ottoman period II: The Corso, Myths and Realities]. Bibliothèque d'histoire du Maghreb (in French). Paris: Éditions Bouchène. ISBN 978-2-912946-95-9. OCLC 51843745.
Merouche 2007, p. 121. Merouche, Lemnouar (2007). Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane II: La course, mythes et réalités [Research on Algeria in the Ottoman period II: The Corso, Myths and Realities]. Bibliothèque d'histoire du Maghreb (in French). Paris: Éditions Bouchène. ISBN 978-2-912946-95-9. OCLC 51843745.
Kaddache 1998, p. 233. Kaddache, Mahfoud (1998). L'Algérie durant la période ottomane [Algeria during the Ottoman period] (in French). Algiers: Office des publications universitaires. ISBN 978-9961-0-0099-1. OCLC 41996481.
Merouche 2002, p. 13. Merouche, Lemnouar (2002). Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane I: Monnaies, prix et revenus 1520-1830 [Research on Algeria in the Ottoman period I: Coins, prices and income 1520-1830]. Bibliothèque d'histoire du Maghreb (in French). Paris: Bouchène. ISBN 978-2-35676-054-8. OCLC 50051561.
Roberts 2014, p. 152. Roberts, Hugh (2014). Berber Government: The Kabyle Polity in Pre-colonial Algeria. Library of Middle East history. Vol. 14. London: I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-251-6. OCLC 150379130.
Hess 2011, p. 66. Hess, Andrew C (2011). The Forgotten Frontier: A History of the Sixteenth-Century Ibero-African Frontier. Publications of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies. Vol. 10. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-33030-3. OCLC 781318862.
Hess 2011, pp. 65–66. Hess, Andrew C (2011). The Forgotten Frontier: A History of the Sixteenth-Century Ibero-African Frontier. Publications of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies. Vol. 10. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-33030-3. OCLC 781318862.
Roberts 2014, p. 154. Roberts, Hugh (2014). Berber Government: The Kabyle Polity in Pre-colonial Algeria. Library of Middle East history. Vol. 14. London: I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-251-6. OCLC 150379130.
Hess 2011, p. 68. Hess, Andrew C (2011). The Forgotten Frontier: A History of the Sixteenth-Century Ibero-African Frontier. Publications of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies. Vol. 10. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-33030-3. OCLC 781318862.
Naylor 2015, pp. 119–120. Naylor, Phillip C. (2015). North Africa, A History from Antiquity to the Present. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-76190-2. OCLC 895661030.
Naylor 2015, p. 117. Naylor, Phillip C. (2015). North Africa, A History from Antiquity to the Present. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-76190-2. OCLC 895661030.
Servantie 2021, p. 90. Servantie, Alain (2021). "The Mediterranean Policy of Charles V: Tunis, Naples, and 1547 Peace". In Trono, Anna; Arthur, Paul; Servantie, Alain; García, Encarnación Sánchez (eds.). A New World: Emperor Charles V and the Beginnings of Globalisation. Cultural diplomacy & heritage. Rome: TAB edizioni. pp. 83–109. ISBN 978-88-9295-367-3. OCLC 1329275363.
Jenkins 2010, p. 55. Jenkins, Everett Jr. (2010). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Chronology of the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas. Vol. 2, 1500–1799. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-4689-6. OCLC 1058038670.
Saidouni 2020, pp. 252–253. Saidouni, Nacereddin (2020). الجزائر العثمانية في الذاكرة التاريخية: إشكالية السيادة الجزائرية في العهد العثماني [Ottoman Algeria in historical memory: The problem of Algerian sovereignty in the Ottoman era]. العرب: من مرج دابق إلى سايكس – بيكو (1916-1516) - تحولات بُنى السلطة والمجتمع: من الكيانات والإمارات السلطانية إلى الكيانات الوطنية [The Arabs: from Marj Dabiq to Sykes-Picot (1516-1916) - Transformations of the structures of power and society: from sultanic entities and emirates to national entities] (in Arabic). Beirut: Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies. ISBN 978-614-445-324-7. OCLC 1251478003.
Garcés 2002, p. 23. Garcés, María Antonia (2002). Cervantes in Algiers: A Captive's Tale. Nashville, Tennessee: Vanderbilt University Press. ISBN 978-0-8265-1470-7. OCLC 61463931.
Merouche 2007, p. 65. Merouche, Lemnouar (2007). Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane II: La course, mythes et réalités [Research on Algeria in the Ottoman period II: The Corso, Myths and Realities]. Bibliothèque d'histoire du Maghreb (in French). Paris: Éditions Bouchène. ISBN 978-2-912946-95-9. OCLC 51843745.
Abun Nasr 1987, p. 160. Abun Nasr, Jamil M. (1987). A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-33767-0. OCLC 951299985.
Jamieson 2013, p. 56. Jamieson, Alan G. (2013). Lords of the Sea: A History of the Barbary Corsairs. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-946-0. OCLC 828423804.
Merouche 2007, pp. 140–141. Merouche, Lemnouar (2007). Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane II: La course, mythes et réalités [Research on Algeria in the Ottoman period II: The Corso, Myths and Realities]. Bibliothèque d'histoire du Maghreb (in French). Paris: Éditions Bouchène. ISBN 978-2-912946-95-9. OCLC 51843745.
Heinsen-Roach 2019, p. 37. Heinsen-Roach, Erica (2019). Consuls and Captives: Dutch-North African Diplomacy in the Early Modern Mediterranean. Book collections on Project MUSE. Rochester, NY: Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 978-1-58046-974-6. OCLC 1144866372.
Panzac 2005, p. 25. Panzac, Daniel (2005). The Barbary Corsairs: The End of a Legend, 1800-1820. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-12594-0. OCLC 940828559.
Hess 2011, p. 74. Hess, Andrew C (2011). The Forgotten Frontier: A History of the Sixteenth-Century Ibero-African Frontier. Publications of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies. Vol. 10. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-33030-3. OCLC 781318862.
Kaddache 2003, p. 386. Kaddache, Mahfoud (2003). L'Algérie des Algériens de la préhistoire à 1954 [Algeria of the Algerians: Prehistory to 1954] (in French). Paris: Paris-Méditerranée. ISBN 978-2-84272-166-4. OCLC 52106453.
Roberts 2014, p. 191. Roberts, Hugh (2014). Berber Government: The Kabyle Polity in Pre-colonial Algeria. Library of Middle East history. Vol. 14. London: I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-251-6. OCLC 150379130.
Merouche 2007, pp. 72–73. Merouche, Lemnouar (2007). Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane II: La course, mythes et réalités [Research on Algeria in the Ottoman period II: The Corso, Myths and Realities]. Bibliothèque d'histoire du Maghreb (in French). Paris: Éditions Bouchène. ISBN 978-2-912946-95-9. OCLC 51843745.
Crowley 2009, p. 82. Crowley, Roger (2009). Empires of the Sea: The Final Battle for the Mediterranean, 1521-1580. London: Faber & Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-25080-6. OCLC 903372707.
Carr 2009, p. 139. Carr, Matthew (2009). Blood and Faith: The Purging of Muslim Spain, 1492-1614. London: Hurst. ISBN 978-1-84904-027-3. OCLC 710816911.
Abun Nasr 1987, pp. 157–158. Abun Nasr, Jamil M. (1987). A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-33767-0. OCLC 951299985.
Levtzion 1975, p. 406. Levtzion, Nehemia (1975). "The Western Maghrib and Sudan". In Fage, J. D.; Oliver, Roland (eds.). The Cambridge History of Africa. Vol. 3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-20981-6. OCLC 165455782.
Abun Nasr 1987, p. 157. Abun Nasr, Jamil M. (1987). A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-33767-0. OCLC 951299985.
Jamieson 2013, p. 51. Jamieson, Alan G. (2013). Lords of the Sea: A History of the Barbary Corsairs. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-946-0. OCLC 828423804.
Jamieson 2013, p. 52. Jamieson, Alan G. (2013). Lords of the Sea: A History of the Barbary Corsairs. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-946-0. OCLC 828423804.
Jamieson 2013, p. 60, 72. Jamieson, Alan G. (2013). Lords of the Sea: A History of the Barbary Corsairs. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-946-0. OCLC 828423804.
Hess 2011, p. 89. Hess, Andrew C (2011). The Forgotten Frontier: A History of the Sixteenth-Century Ibero-African Frontier. Publications of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies. Vol. 10. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-33030-3. OCLC 781318862.
Hess 2011, p. 93. Hess, Andrew C (2011). The Forgotten Frontier: A History of the Sixteenth-Century Ibero-African Frontier. Publications of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies. Vol. 10. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-33030-3. OCLC 781318862.
Truxillo 2012, p. 73. Truxillo, Charles A. (2012). Crusaders in the Far East: The Moro Wars in the Philippines in the Context of the Ibero-Islamic World War. Fremont, California: Jain Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-89581-864-5. OCLC 754105722.
Jamieson 2013, pp. 67–68. Jamieson, Alan G. (2013). Lords of the Sea: A History of the Barbary Corsairs. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-946-0. OCLC 828423804.
Jamieson 2013, p. 69, 72. Jamieson, Alan G. (2013). Lords of the Sea: A History of the Barbary Corsairs. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-946-0. OCLC 828423804.
Levtzion 1975, p. 408. Levtzion, Nehemia (1975). "The Western Maghrib and Sudan". In Fage, J. D.; Oliver, Roland (eds.). The Cambridge History of Africa. Vol. 3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-20981-6. OCLC 165455782.
Roberts 2014, p. 196. Roberts, Hugh (2014). Berber Government: The Kabyle Polity in Pre-colonial Algeria. Library of Middle East history. Vol. 14. London: I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-251-6. OCLC 150379130.
Bellil 1999, pp. 124–125. Bellil, Rachid (1999). Les oasis du Gourara (Sahara algérien) [The oases of Gourara (Algerian Sahara)] (in French). Paris: Peeters Publishers. ISBN 978-90-429-0721-8. OCLC 428114253.
Abitbol 1979, p. 48. Abitbol, Michel (1979). Tombouctou et les Arma: de la conquête marocaine du Soudan nigérien en 1591 à l'hégémonie de l'empire Peulh du Macina en 1833 [Timbuktu and the Arma: from the Moroccan conquest of Nigerien Sudan in 1591 to the hegemony of the Fulani empire of Macina in 1833] (in French). Paris: G.-P. Maisonneuve et Larose. ISBN 978-2-7068-0770-1. OCLC 6209582.
Cory 2016, pp. 63–64. Cory, Stephen (2016). Reviving the Islamic Caliphate in Early Modern Morocco. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-06343-8. OCLC 1011199413.
Hess 2011, p. 116. Hess, Andrew C (2011). The Forgotten Frontier: A History of the Sixteenth-Century Ibero-African Frontier. Publications of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies. Vol. 10. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-33030-3. OCLC 781318862.
Braudel 1995, pp. 882–883. Braudel, Fernand (1995). The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II. Vol. 2. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20330-3. OCLC 949786917.
Nyrop 1972, p. 16. Nyrop, Richard F. (1972). Area Handbook for Algeria. DA Pam, 550-44. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 693596.
Hourani 2013, p. 186. Hourani, Albert (2013). A History of the Arab Peoples: Updated Edition. London: Faber & Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-30249-9. OCLC 978263544.
Davidann 2019, p. 121. Davidann, Jon (2019). Cross-Cultural Encounters in Modern World History, 1453-Present. New York, NY: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-429-75924-6. OCLC 1085348412.
Khoja 2016, pp. 135–136.. Khoja, Hamdan Ben-Othman (July 2016) [1833]. Aperçu Historique Et Statistique Sur La Régence d'Alger, Intitulé En Arabe: Le Miroir (in French). Vanves, Paris: Hachette Livre. ISBN 978-2-01-371914-8. OCLC 1304515544.
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McDougall 2017, p. 23. McDougall, James (2017). "Ecologies, Societies, Cultures and the State, 1516–1830". A History of Algeria. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 9–49. doi:10.1017/9781139029230.003. ISBN 978-0-521-85164-0. OCLC 966850065.
McDougall 2017, p. 20. McDougall, James (2017). "Ecologies, Societies, Cultures and the State, 1516–1830". A History of Algeria. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 9–49. doi:10.1017/9781139029230.003. ISBN 978-0-521-85164-0. OCLC 966850065.
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McDougall 2017, p. 25. McDougall, James (2017). "Ecologies, Societies, Cultures and the State, 1516–1830". A History of Algeria. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 9–49. doi:10.1017/9781139029230.003. ISBN 978-0-521-85164-0. OCLC 966850065.
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Golvin 1985, p. 214. Golvin, Lucien (1985), "Le legs des Ottomans dans le domaine artistique en Afrique du Nord" [The Ottoman artistic legacy in North Africa], Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée (in French), 39 (1), Marseille: 201–226, doi:10.3406/remmm.1985.2075, OCLC 754140786

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Chaney 2015, pp. 7–8. Chaney, Eric (October 2015). "Measuring the military decline of the Western Islamic World: Evidence from Barbary ransoms" (PDF). Explorations in Economic History. 58. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 107–124. doi:10.1016/j.eeh.2015.03.002. ISSN 0014-4983.
Chaney 2015, p. 8. Chaney, Eric (October 2015). "Measuring the military decline of the Western Islamic World: Evidence from Barbary ransoms" (PDF). Explorations in Economic History. 58. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 107–124. doi:10.1016/j.eeh.2015.03.002. ISSN 0014-4983.
Chaney 2015, pp. 8–9. Chaney, Eric (October 2015). "Measuring the military decline of the Western Islamic World: Evidence from Barbary ransoms" (PDF). Explorations in Economic History. 58. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 107–124. doi:10.1016/j.eeh.2015.03.002. ISSN 0014-4983.

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Boyer 1970b, pp. 102–104. Boyer, P. (1970b). "Des Pachas Triennaux à la révolution d'Ali Khodja Dey (1571-1817)" [From the Triennial Pachas to the Ali Khodja Dey revolution (1571-1817)]. Revue Historique (in French). 244 (1 (495)). Paris: 99–124. ISSN 0035-3264. JSTOR 40951507. OCLC 9972734185.
Boyer 1970b, pp. 122–123. Boyer, P. (1970b). "Des Pachas Triennaux à la révolution d'Ali Khodja Dey (1571-1817)" [From the Triennial Pachas to the Ali Khodja Dey revolution (1571-1817)]. Revue Historique (in French). 244 (1 (495)). Paris: 99–124. ISSN 0035-3264. JSTOR 40951507. OCLC 9972734185.
Friedman 1980, p. 624, 629. Friedman, Ellen G. (1980). "Christian Captives at "Hard Labor" in Algiers, 16th-18th Centuries". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 13 (4): 616–632. doi:10.2307/218198. JSTOR 218198.

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Laʻraj 1990, p. 17. Laʻraj, ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz Maḥmūd (1990). الزليج في العمارة الٳسلامية بالجزائر في العصر التركي: دراسة أثرية فنية [Zellij in Islamic architecture in Algeria in the Turkish era: An Artistic Archaeological Study] (in Arabic). Algeria: National Book Foundation. LCCN 91967551. OCLC 25980874.
Laʻraj 1990, p. 18. Laʻraj, ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz Maḥmūd (1990). الزليج في العمارة الٳسلامية بالجزائر في العصر التركي: دراسة أثرية فنية [Zellij in Islamic architecture in Algeria in the Turkish era: An Artistic Archaeological Study] (in Arabic). Algeria: National Book Foundation. LCCN 91967551. OCLC 25980874.
Laʻraj 1990, p. 245. Laʻraj, ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz Maḥmūd (1990). الزليج في العمارة الٳسلامية بالجزائر في العصر التركي: دراسة أثرية فنية [Zellij in Islamic architecture in Algeria in the Turkish era: An Artistic Archaeological Study] (in Arabic). Algeria: National Book Foundation. LCCN 91967551. OCLC 25980874.
Laʻraj 1990, p. 19. Laʻraj, ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz Maḥmūd (1990). الزليج في العمارة الٳسلامية بالجزائر في العصر التركي: دراسة أثرية فنية [Zellij in Islamic architecture in Algeria in the Turkish era: An Artistic Archaeological Study] (in Arabic). Algeria: National Book Foundation. LCCN 91967551. OCLC 25980874.

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Vatin 2012, p. 155. Vatin, Nicolas (2012). "Note sur l'entrée d'Alger sous la souveraineté ottomane (1519-1521)" [Note on the entry of Algiers under Ottoman sovereignty (1519-1521)]. Turcica (in French). 44. Leuven: 131–166. doi:10.2143/TURC.44.0.2988848.
Vatin 2012, pp. 155–156. Vatin, Nicolas (2012). "Note sur l'entrée d'Alger sous la souveraineté ottomane (1519-1521)" [Note on the entry of Algiers under Ottoman sovereignty (1519-1521)]. Turcica (in French). 44. Leuven: 131–166. doi:10.2143/TURC.44.0.2988848.

persee.fr

Boyer 1973, p. 162. Boyer, Pierre (1973). "La révolution dite des "Aghas" dans la régence d'Alger (1659-1671)" [The "Agha" revolution in the Regency of Algiers]. Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée (in French). 13 (1). Marseille: 168–169. doi:10.3406/remmm.1973.1200. OCLC 4649479082.
Boyer 1973, pp. 167–168. Boyer, Pierre (1973). "La révolution dite des "Aghas" dans la régence d'Alger (1659-1671)" [The "Agha" revolution in the Regency of Algiers]. Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée (in French). 13 (1). Marseille: 168–169. doi:10.3406/remmm.1973.1200. OCLC 4649479082.
Boyer 1973, pp. 168–169. Boyer, Pierre (1973). "La révolution dite des "Aghas" dans la régence d'Alger (1659-1671)" [The "Agha" revolution in the Regency of Algiers]. Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée (in French). 13 (1). Marseille: 168–169. doi:10.3406/remmm.1973.1200. OCLC 4649479082.
Holsinger 1980, p. 61. Holsinger, Donald.C (1980). "Trade routes of the Algerian Sahara in the XlXth Century". Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée. 30. Marseille: 57–70. doi:10.3406/remmm.1980.1889. OCLC 754140755.
Hoexter 1983, pp. 19–39. Hoexter, Miriam (1983). "Taxation des corporations professionnelles d'Alger à l'époque turque" [Taxation of professional guilds in Algiers during the Turkish period]. Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée (in French). 36 (1). Marseille: 19–39. doi:10.3406/remmm.1983.1997. OCLC 754140409.
Holsinger 1980, p. 59. Holsinger, Donald.C (1980). "Trade routes of the Algerian Sahara in the XlXth Century". Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée. 30. Marseille: 57–70. doi:10.3406/remmm.1980.1889. OCLC 754140755.
Vatin 1982, pp. 13–16. Vatin, Jean-Claude (1982). "Introduction générale. Appréhensions et compréhension du Maghreb précolonial (et colonial)" [General Introduction. Apprehensions and understanding of the precolonial (and colonial) Maghreb]. Revue de l'Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée (in French). 33. Marseille: 13–16. doi:10.3406/remmm.1982.1938. OCLC 4649486490. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
Golvin 1985, pp. 201–226. Golvin, Lucien (1985), "Le legs des Ottomans dans le domaine artistique en Afrique du Nord" [The Ottoman artistic legacy in North Africa], Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée (in French), 39 (1), Marseille: 201–226, doi:10.3406/remmm.1985.2075, OCLC 754140786
Golvin 1985, p. 214. Golvin, Lucien (1985), "Le legs des Ottomans dans le domaine artistique en Afrique du Nord" [The Ottoman artistic legacy in North Africa], Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée (in French), 39 (1), Marseille: 201–226, doi:10.3406/remmm.1985.2075, OCLC 754140786

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Ghalem & Ramaoun 2000, p. 27. Ghalem, Mohamed; Ramaoun, Hassan (2000). L'Algérie: histoire, société et culture (in French). Algiers: Casbah Éditions. ISBN 9961-64-189-2. OCLC 46969984. BnF 39208583s.

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Maameri 2008, pp. 127–128. Maameri, Fatima (December 2008). Ottoman Algeria in Western Diplomatic History with Particular Emphasis on Relations with the United States of America, 1776-1816 (PDF) (PhD thesis). Constantine, Algeria: University of Constantine. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
Maameri 2008, pp. 128–137. Maameri, Fatima (December 2008). Ottoman Algeria in Western Diplomatic History with Particular Emphasis on Relations with the United States of America, 1776-1816 (PDF) (PhD thesis). Constantine, Algeria: University of Constantine. Retrieved 14 June 2023.

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Chenntouf 1999, p. 204. Chenntouf, Tayeb (1999). "La dynamique de la frontière au Maghreb", Des frontières en Afrique du xiie au xxe siècle [The dynamic of the Maghreb frontier: African frontiers from the 12th to the 20th century] (PDF) (in French). Paris: UNESCO.

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Algerian historian Mahfoud Kaddache [fr] wrote that "Algeria was first a regency, a kingdom-province of the Ottoman Empire and then a state with great autonomy, independent even, sometimes called a kingdom or military republic by historians, but which still recognized the spiritual authority of the caliph of Istanbul". (Kaddache (1998) p. 233) Kaddache, Mahfoud (1998). L'Algérie durant la période ottomane [Algeria during the Ottoman period] (in French). Algiers: Office des publications universitaires. ISBN 978-9961-0-0099-1. OCLC 41996481.
Galibert 1843, p. 226. Galibert, Léon (1843). Histoire de l'Algérie, ancienne et moderne, depuis les premiers établissements de Carthaginois jusques et y compris les dernières campagnes du Général Bugeaud. Avec une introduction sur les divers systèmes de colonisation qui ont précédé la conquète française [History of Algeria, ancient and modern, from the first Carthaginian settlements up to and including the last campaigns of General Bugeaud. With an introduction to the various colonization systems that preceded the French conquest.] (in French). Paris: Furne et Cie [fr]. OCLC 848106839.
ibn Bekir 1860, p. 211–219. ibn Bekir, Mohamed [in French] (1860) [10 May 1749 (23 Jumada al-Ula 1162)]. "Ahad Aman ou réglement politique et militaire" [Ahad Aman or political and military regulations]. Revue africaine (in French). 4 (21). Translated by ben Moustafa, Mohammad; Devoulx, Albert. Algiers: Société historique algérienne: 211–219.
ibn Bekir 1860, p. 219. ibn Bekir, Mohamed [in French] (1860) [10 May 1749 (23 Jumada al-Ula 1162)]. "Ahad Aman ou réglement politique et militaire" [Ahad Aman or political and military regulations]. Revue africaine (in French). 4 (21). Translated by ben Moustafa, Mohammad; Devoulx, Albert. Algiers: Société historique algérienne: 211–219.

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Gorguos 1857, pp. 408–410. Gorguos, A (1857). "Rubrique : Articles N° 5". Notice sur le Bey d'Oran, Mohammed el Kebir [Notice on the Bey of Oran, Mohammed el Kebir] (in French). Revue Africaine Bulletin De La Société Historique Algérienne.

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Chaibou & Bonnet 2019. Chaibou, Mahamadou; Bonnet, Bernard (20 December 2019). "14 The arid pastoral and oasis farming system: Key centres for the development of trans-Saharan economies". In John Dixon; Dennis P. Garrity; Jean-Marc Boffa; Timothy O. Williams; Tilahun Amede; Christopher Auricht; Rosemary Lott; George Mburathi (eds.). Farming Systems and Food Security in Africa: Priorities for Science and Policy Under Global Change. London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315658841. ISBN 9781315658841.

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According to Merouche "It is first of all a new state integrated into a large empire, an "Imperial state", having at the same time all the attributes of a state in the sense of that time but which moreover constituted a largely autonomous province within the Ottoman Empire. The evolution of the status of the province towards a de-facto independence does not change the fundamentally Ottoman character of the state".(Merouche (2002) p. 10) Merouche, Lemnouar (2002). Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane I: Monnaies, prix et revenus 1520-1830 [Research on Algeria in the Ottoman period I: Coins, prices and income 1520-1830]. Bibliothèque d'histoire du Maghreb (in French). Paris: Bouchène. ISBN 978-2-35676-054-8. OCLC 50051561.
Algerian historian Mahfoud Kaddache [fr] wrote that "Algeria was first a regency, a kingdom-province of the Ottoman Empire and then a state with great autonomy, independent even, sometimes called a kingdom or military republic by historians, but which still recognized the spiritual authority of the caliph of Istanbul". (Kaddache (1998) p. 233) Kaddache, Mahfoud (1998). L'Algérie durant la période ottomane [Algeria during the Ottoman period] (in French). Algiers: Office des publications universitaires. ISBN 978-9961-0-0099-1. OCLC 41996481.
William Spencer notes: "For three centuries, Algerine foreign relations were conducted in such a manner as to preserve and advance the state's interests in total indifference to the actions of its adversaries, and to enhance Ottoman interests in the process. Algerine foreign policy was flexible, imaginative, and subtle; it blended an absolute conviction of naval superiority and belief in the permanence of the state as a vital cog in the political community of Islam, with a profound understanding of the fears, ambitions, and rivalries of Christian Europe." (Spencer (1976) pp. xi) Spencer, William (1976). Algiers in the Age of the Corsairs. Centers of civilization series. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-1334-0. OCLC 1958266.
The Chamber of Commerce of Marseilles complained in a memoir in 1783: "Everything announces that this trade will one day imperceptibly be of some consideration, because the country has by itself a capital fund which has given the awakening to the peoples who live there, and that nothing is so common today, to see Algerians and Jews domiciled in Algiers coming to Marseilles to bring us the products of this kingdom." (Kaddache (2003) p. 538) Kaddache, Mahfoud (2003). L'Algérie des Algériens de la préhistoire à 1954 [Algeria of the Algerians: Prehistory to 1954] (in French). Paris: Paris-Méditerranée. ISBN 978-2-84272-166-4. OCLC 52106453.
American consul in Algiers William Shaler would describe the Algerian regency's government as following: "The merits of this government have been proved by its continuance, with few variations in it forms of administration, for three centuries. It is in fact a military republic with a chief elective for life, and upon a small scale resembling that of the Roman Empire after the death of Commodus. This government ostensibly consists of a sovereign chief, who is termed the Dey of Algiers, and a Divan, or great Council, indefinite in point of number, which is composed of the ancient military who are or have been commanders of corps. The divan elects the Deys, and deliberates upon such affairs as he chooses to lay before them." (Shaler (1826) p. 16) Shaler, William (1826). Sketches of Algiers, Political, Historical, and Civil: Containing an Account of the Geography, Population, Government, Revenues, Commerce, Agriculture, Arts, Civil Institutions, Tribes, Manners, Languages, and Recent Political History of that Country. Boston: Cummings, Hilliard. OCLC 958750685.
Ottoman Algerian dignitary Hamdan Khodja recalls: "The old officials who had completed their work were always repeating to their young successors: “We are foreigners. We did not obtain the submission of this people and the possession of this land by force and sword; Rather, thanks to kindness and leniency, we have become leaders !!! We were not statesmen in our country, and we did not obtain our titles and positions except on this land. Therefore, this country is our homeland, and our duty and interests require us to exert ourselves in contributing to the success and prosperity of this people. Just like we do it for ourselves.” (Khoja (2016) pp. 106-107) Khoja, Hamdan Ben-Othman (July 2016) [1833]. Aperçu Historique Et Statistique Sur La Régence d'Alger, Intitulé En Arabe: Le Miroir (in French). Vanves, Paris: Hachette Livre. ISBN 978-2-01-371914-8. OCLC 1304515544.
William Spencer writes: "Algiers' status in the Mediterranean world was merited by its contributions as well as the exploits of the corsairs. Through the medium of Regency government, Ottoman institutions brought stability to North Africa. The flow of Anatolian recruits and the attachment to the Porte introduced many elements of the eclectic Ottoman civilization into the western Mediterranean. Corsair campaigns produced a fusion of Ottoman with native Maghribi and European styles, social patterns, architecture, crafts, and the like. A regular system of revenue collection, an efficient subsistence agriculture, and a well-established legitimate commerce along with corsair profits brought to the Regency a high standard of living. Its lands, while they never corresponded to the total territory conquered by France and incorporated into French Algeria, were homogeneous, well managed, and formed of an effective and collaborating social mixture the exact opposite of the situation which prevailed during the one hundred and thirty years of French control." (Spencer (1976) pp. xi-xii) Spencer, William (1976). Algiers in the Age of the Corsairs. Centers of civilization series. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-1334-0. OCLC 1958266.
Agoston 2009, p. 33. Agoston, Gabor (2009). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. New York, NY: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7. OCLC 435911915.
Cathcart & Newkirk 1899, p. 94 Cathcart, James L. (James Leander); Newkirk, Jane Bancker Cathcart (1899). The captives. University of California Libraries. La Porte, Ind. : Herald Print. OCLC 607384966.
Merouche 2007, p. 140. Merouche, Lemnouar (2007). Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane II: La course, mythes et réalités [Research on Algeria in the Ottoman period II: The Corso, Myths and Realities]. Bibliothèque d'histoire du Maghreb (in French). Paris: Éditions Bouchène. ISBN 978-2-912946-95-9. OCLC 51843745.
Panzac 2005, p. 22. Panzac, Daniel (2005). The Barbary Corsairs: The End of a Legend, 1800-1820. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-12594-0. OCLC 940828559.
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Somel 2010, p. 16. Somel, Selcuk Aksin (2010). The A to Z of the Ottoman Empire. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8108-7579-1. OCLC 1100851523.
McDougall 2017, p. 37,45. McDougall, James (2017). "Ecologies, Societies, Cultures and the State, 1516–1830". A History of Algeria. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 9–49. doi:10.1017/9781139029230.003. ISBN 978-0-521-85164-0. OCLC 966850065.
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Ruedy 2005, p. 19. Ruedy, John Douglas (2005). Modern Algeria: The Origins and Development of a Nation. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34624-7. OCLC 61353193.
Saidouni 2009, p. 195. سعيدوني [Saidouni], ناصر الدين [Nasser al-Din] (2009). ورقات جزائرية: دراسات وأبحاث في تاريخ الجزائر في العهد العثماني Warqat Jazā'irīyah: Dirāsāt wa Abḥāth fī Tārīkh al-Jazā'ir fī al-'Ahd al-'Uthmānī [Algerian papers: studies and research on the history of Algeria during the Ottoman era] (in Arabic). Algiers: دار البصائر للنشر والتوزيع [Dār al-Baṣāʼir]. OCLC 496603883.
McDougall 2017, p. 38. McDougall, James (2017). "Ecologies, Societies, Cultures and the State, 1516–1830". A History of Algeria. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 9–49. doi:10.1017/9781139029230.003. ISBN 978-0-521-85164-0. OCLC 966850065.
Merouche 2007, p. 186. Merouche, Lemnouar (2007). Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane II: La course, mythes et réalités [Research on Algeria in the Ottoman period II: The Corso, Myths and Realities]. Bibliothèque d'histoire du Maghreb (in French). Paris: Éditions Bouchène. ISBN 978-2-912946-95-9. OCLC 51843745.
De Tassy 1725, pp. 1, 3, 5, 7, 12, 15. De Tassy, Laugier (1725). Histoire du royaume d'Alger: avec l'etat présent de son gouvernement, de ses forces de terre & de mer, de ses revenus, police, justice, politique & commerce [History of the Kingdom of Algiers: with the present state of its government, land and sea forces, revenues, police, justice, politics and trade] (in French). Amsterdam: Henri du Sauzet. OCLC 21671502.
De Tassy 1725, p. 300 chap. XX. De Tassy, Laugier (1725). Histoire du royaume d'Alger: avec l'etat présent de son gouvernement, de ses forces de terre & de mer, de ses revenus, police, justice, politique & commerce [History of the Kingdom of Algiers: with the present state of its government, land and sea forces, revenues, police, justice, politics and trade] (in French). Amsterdam: Henri du Sauzet. OCLC 21671502.
Ghalem & Ramaoun 2000, p. 27. Ghalem, Mohamed; Ramaoun, Hassan (2000). L'Algérie: histoire, société et culture (in French). Algiers: Casbah Éditions. ISBN 9961-64-189-2. OCLC 46969984. BnF 39208583s.
Kaddache 1998, p. 3. Kaddache, Mahfoud (1998). L'Algérie durant la période ottomane [Algeria during the Ottoman period] (in French). Algiers: Office des publications universitaires. ISBN 978-9961-0-0099-1. OCLC 41996481.
Panzac 1995, p. 62. Panzac, Daniel (1995). Histoire économique et sociale de l'Empire ottoman et de la Turquie (1326-1960): Actes du sixième congrès international tenu à Aix-en-Provence du 1er au 4 juillet 1992 [Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire and Turkey (1326-1960): Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress held in Aix-en-Provence from July 1 to 4, 1992]. Collection Turcica (in French). Vol. 8. Paris: Peeters Publishers. ISBN 978-90-6831-799-2. OCLC 611664277.
Koulakssis & Meynier 1987, pp. 7, 17. Koulakssis, Ahmed; Meynier, Gilbert (1987). L'émir Khaled: premier zaʼîm ?: identité algérienne et colonialisme français [Emir Khaled: first za'im? Algerian Identity and French Colonialism]. Histoire et perspectives méditerranéennes (Mediterranean History and Perspectives) (in French). Paris: Harmattan. pp. 7, 17. ISBN 2-85802-859-1. OCLC 19274409.
Merouche 2007, p. 139. Merouche, Lemnouar (2007). Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane II: La course, mythes et réalités [Research on Algeria in the Ottoman period II: The Corso, Myths and Realities]. Bibliothèque d'histoire du Maghreb (in French). Paris: Éditions Bouchène. ISBN 978-2-912946-95-9. OCLC 51843745.
Merouche 2002, p. 10. Merouche, Lemnouar (2002). Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane I: Monnaies, prix et revenus 1520-1830 [Research on Algeria in the Ottoman period I: Coins, prices and income 1520-1830]. Bibliothèque d'histoire du Maghreb (in French). Paris: Bouchène. ISBN 978-2-35676-054-8. OCLC 50051561.
Al-Madani 1965, pp. 64–71. المدنى [Al-Madani], أحمد توفيق [Ahmed Tawfiq] (1965). كتاب حرب الثلاثمائة سنة بين الجزائر واسبانيا 1492– 1792 [The Three Hundred Years' War between Algeria and Spain 1492 - 1792] (in Arabic). Algeria: الشركة الوطنية للنشر والتوزيع [National Publishing and Distribution Company]. OCLC 917378646.
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Julien 1970, p. 295. Julien, Charles André (1970). History of North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, from the Arab Conquest to 1830. London: Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 978-0-7100-6614-5. OCLC 128197.
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Egilsson 2018, p. 18. Egilsson, Ólafur (2018). The Travels of Reverend Ólafur Egilsson: The Story of the Barbary Corsair Raid on Iceland in 1627. Washington DC: Catholic University of America Press + ORM. ISBN 978-0-8132-2870-9. OCLC 1129454284.
Jamieson 2013, p. 227. Jamieson, Alan G. (2013). Lords of the Sea: A History of the Barbary Corsairs. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-946-0. OCLC 828423804.
De Grammont 1887, p. 183. De Grammont, Henri Delmas (1887). Histoire d'Alger sous la domination turque [History of Algiers under Turkish rule] (in French). Paris: E. Leroux. OCLC 1041890171.
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De Grammont 1887, p. 194. De Grammont, Henri Delmas (1887). Histoire d'Alger sous la domination turque [History of Algiers under Turkish rule] (in French). Paris: E. Leroux. OCLC 1041890171.
Mercier 1888, p. 237. Mercier, Ernest (1888). Histoire de l'Afrique septentrionale (Berbérie) depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu'à la conquête française (1830) [History of northern Africa (Barbary) from the earliest times until the French conquest (1830)] (in French). Vol. 3. Paris: E. Leroux. OCLC 1143192065.
Julien 1970, pp. 305–306. Julien, Charles André (1970). History of North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, from the Arab Conquest to 1830. London: Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 978-0-7100-6614-5. OCLC 128197.
Panzac 2005, p. 10. Panzac, Daniel (2005). The Barbary Corsairs: The End of a Legend, 1800-1820. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-12594-0. OCLC 940828559.
Crawford 2012, p. 181. Crawford, Michael H (2012). Causes and Consequences of Human Migration: An Evolutionary Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01286-8. OCLC 1332475393.
Garrot 1910, p. 383. Garrot, Henri (1910). Histoire générale de l'Algérie [General history of Algeria] (in French). Algiers: P. Crescenzo. OCLC 988183238.
Jamieson 2013, pp. 75–78. Jamieson, Alan G. (2013). Lords of the Sea: A History of the Barbary Corsairs. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-946-0. OCLC 828423804.
Boaziz 2007, p. 201. بوعزيز [Boaziz], يحيى [Yahya] (2007). الموجز في تاريخ الجزائر - الجزء الثاني [Brief history of Algeria - Part Two] (in Arabic). Algeria: ديوان المطبوعات الجامعية [University Publications Office]. ISBN 978-9961-0-1045-7. OCLC 949595451.
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Boaziz 2007, p. 35. بوعزيز [Boaziz], يحيى [Yahya] (2007). الموجز في تاريخ الجزائر - الجزء الثاني [Brief history of Algeria - Part Two] (in Arabic). Algeria: ديوان المطبوعات الجامعية [University Publications Office]. ISBN 978-9961-0-1045-7. OCLC 949595451.
Boyer 1973, p. 162. Boyer, Pierre (1973). "La révolution dite des "Aghas" dans la régence d'Alger (1659-1671)" [The "Agha" revolution in the Regency of Algiers]. Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée (in French). 13 (1). Marseille: 168–169. doi:10.3406/remmm.1973.1200. OCLC 4649479082.
De Grammont 1887, p. 208. De Grammont, Henri Delmas (1887). Histoire d'Alger sous la domination turque [History of Algiers under Turkish rule] (in French). Paris: E. Leroux. OCLC 1041890171.
Plantet 1889, p. xxi. Plantet, Eugène, ed. (1889). Correspondance des deys d'Alger avec la cour de France 1579 — 1833 [Correspondence of the Deys of Algiers with the Court of France 1579—1833)] (PDF) (in French). Vol. 1 (1579–1700). Paris: Félix Alcan. OCLC 600730173.
Boaziz 2007, p. 42. بوعزيز [Boaziz], يحيى [Yahya] (2007). الموجز في تاريخ الجزائر - الجزء الثاني [Brief history of Algeria - Part Two] (in Arabic). Algeria: ديوان المطبوعات الجامعية [University Publications Office]. ISBN 978-9961-0-1045-7. OCLC 949595451.
De Grammont 1887, p. 209. De Grammont, Henri Delmas (1887). Histoire d'Alger sous la domination turque [History of Algiers under Turkish rule] (in French). Paris: E. Leroux. OCLC 1041890171.
Kaddache 2003, p. 397. Kaddache, Mahfoud (2003). L'Algérie des Algériens de la préhistoire à 1954 [Algeria of the Algerians: Prehistory to 1954] (in French). Paris: Paris-Méditerranée. ISBN 978-2-84272-166-4. OCLC 52106453.
Bachelot 2012, p. 39. Bachelot, Bernard (2012). Louis XIV en Algérie: Gigeri - 1664 [Louis XIV in Algeria] (in French). Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-296-56347-6. OCLC 767578729.
Wolf 1979, p. 235. Wolf, John Baptiste (1979). The Barbary Coast: Algiers under the Turks, 1500 to 1830. New York, NY: Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-01205-7. OCLC 4805123.
Boyer 1973, pp. 167–168. Boyer, Pierre (1973). "La révolution dite des "Aghas" dans la régence d'Alger (1659-1671)" [The "Agha" revolution in the Regency of Algiers]. Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée (in French). 13 (1). Marseille: 168–169. doi:10.3406/remmm.1973.1200. OCLC 4649479082.
Boyer 1973, pp. 168–169. Boyer, Pierre (1973). "La révolution dite des "Aghas" dans la régence d'Alger (1659-1671)" [The "Agha" revolution in the Regency of Algiers]. Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée (in French). 13 (1). Marseille: 168–169. doi:10.3406/remmm.1973.1200. OCLC 4649479082.
Merouche 2007, pp. 202–204. Merouche, Lemnouar (2007). Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane II: La course, mythes et réalités [Research on Algeria in the Ottoman period II: The Corso, Myths and Realities]. Bibliothèque d'histoire du Maghreb (in French). Paris: Éditions Bouchène. ISBN 978-2-912946-95-9. OCLC 51843745.
ibn al-Mufti 2009, p. 67. ابن المفتي[ibn al-Mufti], حسين بن رجب شاوش [Hussein bin Rajab Shawsh]; كعوان [Kawan], فارس [Fares] (2009). Taqyidat ibn almufti fi tarikh bashuat aljazayir wa eulamayiha تقييدات ابن المفتي في تاريخ باشوات الجزائر وعلمائها [Ibn al-Mufti's entries in the history of the pashas of Algeria and its scholars] (in Arabic). Algiers: House of Wisdom. p. 67. ISBN 978-9947-867-07-5. OCLC 1227689084.
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Merouche 2007, p. 254. Merouche, Lemnouar (2007). Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane II: La course, mythes et réalités [Research on Algeria in the Ottoman period II: The Corso, Myths and Realities]. Bibliothèque d'histoire du Maghreb (in French). Paris: Éditions Bouchène. ISBN 978-2-912946-95-9. OCLC 51843745.
Naylor 2006, p. 391. Naylor, Phillip C. (2006). Historical Dictionary of Algeria. Historical dictionaries of Africa (Unnumbered). Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8108-7919-5. OCLC 909370108.
Merouche 2007, p. 229. Merouche, Lemnouar (2007). Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane II: La course, mythes et réalités [Research on Algeria in the Ottoman period II: The Corso, Myths and Realities]. Bibliothèque d'histoire du Maghreb (in French). Paris: Éditions Bouchène. ISBN 978-2-912946-95-9. OCLC 51843745.
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Julien 1970, p. 305. Julien, Charles André (1970). History of North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, from the Arab Conquest to 1830. London: Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 978-0-7100-6614-5. OCLC 128197.
De Grammont 1887, p. 265. De Grammont, Henri Delmas (1887). Histoire d'Alger sous la domination turque [History of Algiers under Turkish rule] (in French). Paris: E. Leroux. OCLC 1041890171.
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