Religiosity and intelligence (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Religiosity and intelligence" in English language version.

refsWebsite

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25doi.org

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18nih.gov

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6semanticscholar.org

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6harvard.edu

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5worldcat.org

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3pewresearch.org

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2researchgate.net

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2pewforum.org

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1colorado.edu

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1telegraph.co.uk

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1gallup.com

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1acm.org

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1udel.edu

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1eur.nl

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1caltech.edu

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1newsweek.com

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1everydaypsychology.com

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1rdcu.be

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1web.archive.org

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1ncls.org.au

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acm.org

dl.acm.org

S. Legg; M. Hutter (2007). "A Collection of Definitions of Intelligence". Advances in Artificial General Intelligence: Concepts, Architectures and Algorithms. Vol. 157. IOS Press. pp. 17–24. ISBN 9781586037581.

apa.org

Shenhav, Amitai; Rand, David G.; Greene, Joshua D. (2011). "Divine Intuition: Cognitive Style Influences Belief in God, by Amitai Shenhav, David G. Rand, and Joshua D. Greene at Harvard University" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology.

archive.org

Gardner, Howard (1999). Intelligence reframed: multiple intelligences for the 21st century. Basic Books. p. 53. ISBN 9780465026104.

caltech.edu

resolver.caltech.edu

Camerer, Colin F.; Dreber, Anna; Holzmeister, Felix; Ho, Teck-Hua; Huber, Jürgen; Johannesson, Magnus (27 August 2018). "Evaluating the replicability of social science experiments in Nature and Science between 2010 and 2015". Nature Human Behaviour. 2 (9): 637–644. doi:10.1038/s41562-018-0399-z. PMID 31346273.

colorado.edu

psych.colorado.edu

Neisser, Ulrich; Boodoo, Gwyneth; Bouchard, Thomas J.; Boykin, A. Wade; Brody, Nathan; Ceci, Stephen J.; Halpern, Diane F.; Loehlin, John C.; Perloff, Robert; Sternberg, Robert J.; Urbina, Susana (1996). "Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns" (PDF). American Psychologist. 51 (2): 77–101. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.51.2.77. ISSN 0003-066X. Retrieved 9 October 2014.

doi.org

Neisser, Ulrich; Boodoo, Gwyneth; Bouchard, Thomas J.; Boykin, A. Wade; Brody, Nathan; Ceci, Stephen J.; Halpern, Diane F.; Loehlin, John C.; Perloff, Robert; Sternberg, Robert J.; Urbina, Susana (1996). "Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns" (PDF). American Psychologist. 51 (2): 77–101. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.51.2.77. ISSN 0003-066X. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
Zuckerman, Miron; Li, Chen; Lin, Shengxin; Hall, Judith A. (15 October 2019). "The Negative Intelligence–Religiosity Relation: New and Confirming Evidence". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 46 (6): 856–868. doi:10.1177/0146167219879122. PMID 31610740. S2CID 204702114.
Lynn, Richard; John Harvey; Helmuth Nyborg (2009). "Average intelligence predicts atheism rates across 137 nations". Intelligence. 37: 11–15. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2008.03.004.
Dutton, Edward; te Nijenhuis, Jan; Metzen, Daniel; van der Linden, Dimitri; Madison, Guy (June 2020). "The Myth of the Stupid Believer: The Negative Religiousness–IQ Nexus is Not on General Intelligence (g) and is Likely a Product of the Relations Between IQ and Autism Spectrum Traits". Journal of Religion and Health. 59 (3): 1567–1579. doi:10.1007/s10943-019-00926-3. hdl:1765/123177. PMC 7239797. PMID 31587150. We therefore conclude that specialized cognitive abilities and test specificities may play a prospectively larger role in moderating the observed ability differences than g, when ethnically close-matched populations are used.
Dürlinger, Florian; Pietschnig, Jakob (11 February 2022). "Meta-analyzing intelligence and religiosity associations: Evidence from the multiverse". PLOS ONE. 17 (2): e0262699. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1762699D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0262699. PMC 8836311. PMID 35148316.
Zuckerman, Miron; Silberman, Jordan; Hall, Judith A. (2013). "The Relation Between Intelligence and Religiosity: A Meta-Analysis and Some Proposed Explanations". Personality and Social Psychology Review. 17 (4): 325–354. doi:10.1177/1088868313497266. PMID 23921675. S2CID 2815223.
Lewis, Gary J.; Ritchie, Stuart J.; Bates, Timothy C. (November 2011). "The relationship between intelligence and multiple domains of religious belief: Evidence from a large adult US sample". Intelligence. 39 (6): 468–472. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2011.08.002.
Dutton, Edward; Meisenberg, Gerhard (1 April 2021). "Religiosity is Associated with a more Feminine Intelligence profile: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth, 1979". Personality and Individual Differences. 173: 110640. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.110640.
Gervais, Will M.; van Elk, Michiel; Xygalatas, Dimitris; McKay, Ryan T.; Aveyard, Mark; Buchtel, Emma E. (May 2018). "Analytic atheism: A cross-culturally weak and fickle phenomenon?". Judgment and Decision Making. 13 (3): 268–274. doi:10.1017/S1930297500007701. hdl:11245.1/01cca8f1-3441-49e1-984f-acb385cbf184.
Gottfredson, Linda S. (1997). "Mainstream Science on Intelligence (editorial)" (PDF). Intelligence. 24: 13–23. doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(97)90011-8. ISSN 0160-2896.
Gardner, Howard (January 2000). "A Case Against Spiritual Intelligence". The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. 10 (1): 27–34. doi:10.1207/S15327582IJPR1001_3. S2CID 144359180.
Chaves, Mark (March 2010). "SSSR Presidential Address Rain Dances in the Dry Season: Overcoming the Religious Congruence Fallacy". Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 49 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5906.2009.01489.x.
Dutton, Edward; Van der Linden, Dimitri (16 May 2017). "Why is Intelligence Negatively Associated with Religiousness?". Evolutionary Psychological Science. 3 (4): 392–403. doi:10.1007/s40806-017-0101-0. S2CID 148625003.
Zuckerman, Miron; Li, Chen; Lin, Shengxin; Hall, Judith A. (15 October 2019). "The Negative Intelligence–Religiosity Relation: New and Confirming Evidence". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 46 (6): 856–868. doi:10.1177/0146167219879122. PMID 31610740. S2CID 204702114.
te Nijenhuis, Jan; Dutton, Edward; Choi, Kyu Yeong; Choi, Yu Yong; Lee, Jang Jae; Seo, Eun Hyun; Kim, Hoowon; Lee, Kun Ho (January 2021). "Do elderly religious people in South Korea have lower mean IQ than elderly non-religious people?". Personality and Individual Differences. 168: 110298. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110298.
Gervais, W. M.; Norenzayan, A. (26 April 2012). "Analytic Thinking Promotes Religious Disbelief" (PDF). Science. 336 (6080): 493–496. Bibcode:2012Sci...336..493G. doi:10.1126/science.1215647. PMID 22539725. S2CID 41484144. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
Sanchez, Clinton; Sundermeier, Brian; Gray, Kenneth; Calin-Jageman, Robert J. (24 February 2017). "Direct replication of Gervais & Norenzayan (2012): No evidence that analytic thinking decreases religious belief". PLOS ONE. 12 (2): e0172636. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1272636S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172636. PMC 5325262. PMID 28234942.
Camerer, Colin F.; Dreber, Anna; Holzmeister, Felix; Ho, Teck-Hua; Huber, Jürgen; Johannesson, Magnus (27 August 2018). "Evaluating the replicability of social science experiments in Nature and Science between 2010 and 2015". Nature Human Behaviour. 2 (9): 637–644. doi:10.1038/s41562-018-0399-z. PMID 31346273.
Gervais, Will M.; Norenzayan, Ara (27 August 2018). "Analytic atheism revisited". Nature Human Behaviour. 2 (9): 609. doi:10.1038/s41562-018-0426-0. PMID 31346274.
Farias, Miguel; van Mulukom, Valerie; Kahane, Guy; Kreplin, Ute; Joyce, Anna; Soares, Pedro; Oviedo, Lluis; Hernu, Mathilde; Rokita, Karolina; Savulescu, Julian; Möttönen, Riikka (8 November 2017). "Supernatural Belief Is Not Modulated by Intuitive Thinking Style or Cognitive Inhibition". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 15100. Bibcode:2017NatSR...715100F. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-14090-9. PMC 5678111. PMID 29118434.
Harris, Sam; Kaplan, Jonas T.; Curiel, Ashley; Bookheimer, Susan Y.; Iacoboni, Marco; Cohen, Mark S.; Sporns, Olaf (1 October 2009). "The Neural Correlates of Religious and Nonreligious Belief". PLOS ONE. 4 (10): e7272. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.7272H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007272. PMC 2748718. PMID 19794914.
Locke, E.A. (2005). "Why emotional intelligence is an invalid concept". Journal of Organizational Behavior. 26 (4): 425–431. doi:10.1002/job.318.
Paek, Ellen (2006). "Religiosity and perceived emotional intelligence among Christians". Personality and Individual Differences. 41 (3): 479–490. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.01.016. ISSN 0191-8869.
Tischler, L; Biberman, J.; McKeage, R. (2002). "Linking emotional intelligence, spirituality and workplace performance: Definitions, models and ideas for research". Journal of Managerial Psychology. 17 (3): 203–218. doi:10.1108/02683940210423114. ISSN 0268-3946.
Łowicki, Paweł; Zajenkowski, Marcin (2016). "Divine Emotions: On the Link Between Emotional Intelligence and Religious Belief". Journal of Religion and Health. 56 (6): 1998–2009. doi:10.1007/s10943-016-0335-3. PMC 5653720. PMID 27913977.

eur.nl

pure.eur.nl

Dutton, Edward; Van der Linden, Dimitri (16 May 2017). "Why is Intelligence Negatively Associated with Religiousness?". Evolutionary Psychological Science. 3 (4): 392–403. doi:10.1007/s40806-017-0101-0. S2CID 148625003.

everydaypsychology.com

Mattiuzzi, Paul G. "Emotional Intelligence? I'm not feeling it". EverydayPsychology.com.

gallup.com

Crabtree, Steve; Pelham, Brett (6 March 2009). "Religion Provides Emotional Boost to World's Poor". Gallup Poll.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Dutton, Edward; te Nijenhuis, Jan; Metzen, Daniel; van der Linden, Dimitri; Madison, Guy (June 2020). "The Myth of the Stupid Believer: The Negative Religiousness–IQ Nexus is Not on General Intelligence (g) and is Likely a Product of the Relations Between IQ and Autism Spectrum Traits". Journal of Religion and Health. 59 (3): 1567–1579. doi:10.1007/s10943-019-00926-3. hdl:1765/123177. PMC 7239797. PMID 31587150. We therefore conclude that specialized cognitive abilities and test specificities may play a prospectively larger role in moderating the observed ability differences than g, when ethnically close-matched populations are used.
Gervais, Will M.; van Elk, Michiel; Xygalatas, Dimitris; McKay, Ryan T.; Aveyard, Mark; Buchtel, Emma E. (May 2018). "Analytic atheism: A cross-culturally weak and fickle phenomenon?". Judgment and Decision Making. 13 (3): 268–274. doi:10.1017/S1930297500007701. hdl:11245.1/01cca8f1-3441-49e1-984f-acb385cbf184.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Dürlinger, Florian; Pietschnig, Jakob (11 February 2022). "Meta-analyzing intelligence and religiosity associations: Evidence from the multiverse". PLOS ONE. 17 (2): e0262699. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1762699D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0262699. PMC 8836311. PMID 35148316.
Gervais, W. M.; Norenzayan, A. (26 April 2012). "Analytic Thinking Promotes Religious Disbelief" (PDF). Science. 336 (6080): 493–496. Bibcode:2012Sci...336..493G. doi:10.1126/science.1215647. PMID 22539725. S2CID 41484144. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
Sanchez, Clinton; Sundermeier, Brian; Gray, Kenneth; Calin-Jageman, Robert J. (24 February 2017). "Direct replication of Gervais & Norenzayan (2012): No evidence that analytic thinking decreases religious belief". PLOS ONE. 12 (2): e0172636. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1272636S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172636. PMC 5325262. PMID 28234942.
Farias, Miguel; van Mulukom, Valerie; Kahane, Guy; Kreplin, Ute; Joyce, Anna; Soares, Pedro; Oviedo, Lluis; Hernu, Mathilde; Rokita, Karolina; Savulescu, Julian; Möttönen, Riikka (8 November 2017). "Supernatural Belief Is Not Modulated by Intuitive Thinking Style or Cognitive Inhibition". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 15100. Bibcode:2017NatSR...715100F. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-14090-9. PMC 5678111. PMID 29118434.
Harris, Sam; Kaplan, Jonas T.; Curiel, Ashley; Bookheimer, Susan Y.; Iacoboni, Marco; Cohen, Mark S.; Sporns, Olaf (1 October 2009). "The Neural Correlates of Religious and Nonreligious Belief". PLOS ONE. 4 (10): e7272. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.7272H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007272. PMC 2748718. PMID 19794914.

economics.harvard.edu

Sacerdote, Bruce; Glaeser, Edward L. "Education and Religion" (PDF). Harvard Institute of Economic Research. p. 29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 May 2012. Retrieved 6 January 2012.

jstor.org

Hale, Frederick (2011). "Religious Disbelief and Intelligence: The Failure of a Contemporary Attempt to Correlate National Mean IQs and Rates of Atheism". Journal for the Study of Religion. 24 (1): 37–53. ISSN 1011-7601.

ncls.org.au

"Education and occupation profile of attenders". NCLS Research. 2004.

newsweek.com

Miller, Lisa (September 30, 2009). "THE BRAIN PROCESSES FACTS AND BELIEFS THE SAME WAY". Newsweek.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Zuckerman, Miron; Li, Chen; Lin, Shengxin; Hall, Judith A. (15 October 2019). "The Negative Intelligence–Religiosity Relation: New and Confirming Evidence". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 46 (6): 856–868. doi:10.1177/0146167219879122. PMID 31610740. S2CID 204702114.
Dutton, Edward; te Nijenhuis, Jan; Metzen, Daniel; van der Linden, Dimitri; Madison, Guy (June 2020). "The Myth of the Stupid Believer: The Negative Religiousness–IQ Nexus is Not on General Intelligence (g) and is Likely a Product of the Relations Between IQ and Autism Spectrum Traits". Journal of Religion and Health. 59 (3): 1567–1579. doi:10.1007/s10943-019-00926-3. hdl:1765/123177. PMC 7239797. PMID 31587150. We therefore conclude that specialized cognitive abilities and test specificities may play a prospectively larger role in moderating the observed ability differences than g, when ethnically close-matched populations are used.
Dürlinger, Florian; Pietschnig, Jakob (11 February 2022). "Meta-analyzing intelligence and religiosity associations: Evidence from the multiverse". PLOS ONE. 17 (2): e0262699. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1762699D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0262699. PMC 8836311. PMID 35148316.
Zuckerman, Miron; Silberman, Jordan; Hall, Judith A. (2013). "The Relation Between Intelligence and Religiosity: A Meta-Analysis and Some Proposed Explanations". Personality and Social Psychology Review. 17 (4): 325–354. doi:10.1177/1088868313497266. PMID 23921675. S2CID 2815223.
Zuckerman, Miron; Li, Chen; Lin, Shengxin; Hall, Judith A. (15 October 2019). "The Negative Intelligence–Religiosity Relation: New and Confirming Evidence". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 46 (6): 856–868. doi:10.1177/0146167219879122. PMID 31610740. S2CID 204702114.
Gervais, W. M.; Norenzayan, A. (26 April 2012). "Analytic Thinking Promotes Religious Disbelief" (PDF). Science. 336 (6080): 493–496. Bibcode:2012Sci...336..493G. doi:10.1126/science.1215647. PMID 22539725. S2CID 41484144. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
Sanchez, Clinton; Sundermeier, Brian; Gray, Kenneth; Calin-Jageman, Robert J. (24 February 2017). "Direct replication of Gervais & Norenzayan (2012): No evidence that analytic thinking decreases religious belief". PLOS ONE. 12 (2): e0172636. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1272636S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172636. PMC 5325262. PMID 28234942.
Camerer, Colin F.; Dreber, Anna; Holzmeister, Felix; Ho, Teck-Hua; Huber, Jürgen; Johannesson, Magnus (27 August 2018). "Evaluating the replicability of social science experiments in Nature and Science between 2010 and 2015". Nature Human Behaviour. 2 (9): 637–644. doi:10.1038/s41562-018-0399-z. PMID 31346273.
Gervais, Will M.; Norenzayan, Ara (27 August 2018). "Analytic atheism revisited". Nature Human Behaviour. 2 (9): 609. doi:10.1038/s41562-018-0426-0. PMID 31346274.
Farias, Miguel; van Mulukom, Valerie; Kahane, Guy; Kreplin, Ute; Joyce, Anna; Soares, Pedro; Oviedo, Lluis; Hernu, Mathilde; Rokita, Karolina; Savulescu, Julian; Möttönen, Riikka (8 November 2017). "Supernatural Belief Is Not Modulated by Intuitive Thinking Style or Cognitive Inhibition". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 15100. Bibcode:2017NatSR...715100F. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-14090-9. PMC 5678111. PMID 29118434.
Harris, Sam; Kaplan, Jonas T.; Curiel, Ashley; Bookheimer, Susan Y.; Iacoboni, Marco; Cohen, Mark S.; Sporns, Olaf (1 October 2009). "The Neural Correlates of Religious and Nonreligious Belief". PLOS ONE. 4 (10): e7272. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.7272H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007272. PMC 2748718. PMID 19794914.
Łowicki, Paweł; Zajenkowski, Marcin (2016). "Divine Emotions: On the Link Between Emotional Intelligence and Religious Belief". Journal of Religion and Health. 56 (6): 1998–2009. doi:10.1007/s10943-016-0335-3. PMC 5653720. PMID 27913977.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dutton, Edward; te Nijenhuis, Jan; Metzen, Daniel; van der Linden, Dimitri; Madison, Guy (June 2020). "The Myth of the Stupid Believer: The Negative Religiousness–IQ Nexus is Not on General Intelligence (g) and is Likely a Product of the Relations Between IQ and Autism Spectrum Traits". Journal of Religion and Health. 59 (3): 1567–1579. doi:10.1007/s10943-019-00926-3. hdl:1765/123177. PMC 7239797. PMID 31587150. We therefore conclude that specialized cognitive abilities and test specificities may play a prospectively larger role in moderating the observed ability differences than g, when ethnically close-matched populations are used.
Dürlinger, Florian; Pietschnig, Jakob (11 February 2022). "Meta-analyzing intelligence and religiosity associations: Evidence from the multiverse". PLOS ONE. 17 (2): e0262699. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1762699D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0262699. PMC 8836311. PMID 35148316.
Sanchez, Clinton; Sundermeier, Brian; Gray, Kenneth; Calin-Jageman, Robert J. (24 February 2017). "Direct replication of Gervais & Norenzayan (2012): No evidence that analytic thinking decreases religious belief". PLOS ONE. 12 (2): e0172636. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1272636S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172636. PMC 5325262. PMID 28234942.
Farias, Miguel; van Mulukom, Valerie; Kahane, Guy; Kreplin, Ute; Joyce, Anna; Soares, Pedro; Oviedo, Lluis; Hernu, Mathilde; Rokita, Karolina; Savulescu, Julian; Möttönen, Riikka (8 November 2017). "Supernatural Belief Is Not Modulated by Intuitive Thinking Style or Cognitive Inhibition". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 15100. Bibcode:2017NatSR...715100F. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-14090-9. PMC 5678111. PMID 29118434.
Harris, Sam; Kaplan, Jonas T.; Curiel, Ashley; Bookheimer, Susan Y.; Iacoboni, Marco; Cohen, Mark S.; Sporns, Olaf (1 October 2009). "The Neural Correlates of Religious and Nonreligious Belief". PLOS ONE. 4 (10): e7272. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.7272H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007272. PMC 2748718. PMID 19794914.
Łowicki, Paweł; Zajenkowski, Marcin (2016). "Divine Emotions: On the Link Between Emotional Intelligence and Religious Belief". Journal of Religion and Health. 56 (6): 1998–2009. doi:10.1007/s10943-016-0335-3. PMC 5653720. PMID 27913977.

pewforum.org

"Religion and the Unaffiliated". "Nones" on the Rise. Pew Research Center: Religion & Public Life. October 9, 2012.
"The Global Religious Landscape". Pew Research Center. 2012-12-18.

pewresearch.org

assets.pewresearch.org

"Religion and Education Around the World" (PDF). Pew Research Center. December 13, 2016. p. 5.
"Religion and Education Around the World" (PDF). Pew Research Center. December 19, 2011. Retrieved December 13, 2016.

pewresearch.org

"Most of the Religiously Unaffiliated Still Keep Belief in God". Pew Research Center. November 15, 2012.

psypost.org

Dolan, Eric W. (15 November 2019). "Meta-analysis of 83 studies produces 'very strong' evidence for a negative relationship between intelligence and religiosity". PsyPost - Psychology News. The evidence that there is a negative relation between intelligence and religiosity is very strong. But the effect size of the relation is small. This means that there are factors besides intelligence that explain why people are or are not religious. It also means that although more intelligent people tend to be less religious on the average, predicting religiosity from intelligence for individuals is fallible," Zuckerman told PsyPost." and "The negative relation was established for western societies. We don't know whether it generalizes to other populations, particularly those in the Far East."

rdcu.be

Łowicki, Paweł; Zajenkowski, Marcin (2016). "Divine Emotions: On the Link Between Emotional Intelligence and Religious Belief". Journal of Religion and Health. 56 (6): 1998–2009. doi:10.1007/s10943-016-0335-3. PMC 5653720. PMID 27913977.

researchgate.net

Sickles, Julie; Huskey, Alisa; Schrantz, Kathryn; Lack, Caleb (2015). "The Relationship between Intelligence and Religiosity: A Critical Review of the Literature". Journal of Scientific Psychology. May.
Sickles, Julie; Huskey, Alisa; Schrantz, Kathryn; Lack, Caleb (2015). "The Relationship between Intelligence and Religiosity: A Critical Review of the Literature". Journal of Scientific Psychology. May.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Zuckerman, Miron; Li, Chen; Lin, Shengxin; Hall, Judith A. (15 October 2019). "The Negative Intelligence–Religiosity Relation: New and Confirming Evidence". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 46 (6): 856–868. doi:10.1177/0146167219879122. PMID 31610740. S2CID 204702114.
Zuckerman, Miron; Silberman, Jordan; Hall, Judith A. (2013). "The Relation Between Intelligence and Religiosity: A Meta-Analysis and Some Proposed Explanations". Personality and Social Psychology Review. 17 (4): 325–354. doi:10.1177/1088868313497266. PMID 23921675. S2CID 2815223.
Gardner, Howard (January 2000). "A Case Against Spiritual Intelligence". The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. 10 (1): 27–34. doi:10.1207/S15327582IJPR1001_3. S2CID 144359180.
Dutton, Edward; Van der Linden, Dimitri (16 May 2017). "Why is Intelligence Negatively Associated with Religiousness?". Evolutionary Psychological Science. 3 (4): 392–403. doi:10.1007/s40806-017-0101-0. S2CID 148625003.
Zuckerman, Miron; Li, Chen; Lin, Shengxin; Hall, Judith A. (15 October 2019). "The Negative Intelligence–Religiosity Relation: New and Confirming Evidence". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 46 (6): 856–868. doi:10.1177/0146167219879122. PMID 31610740. S2CID 204702114.
Gervais, W. M.; Norenzayan, A. (26 April 2012). "Analytic Thinking Promotes Religious Disbelief" (PDF). Science. 336 (6080): 493–496. Bibcode:2012Sci...336..493G. doi:10.1126/science.1215647. PMID 22539725. S2CID 41484144. Retrieved 24 January 2016.

telegraph.co.uk

Graeme, Paton (11 June 2008). "Intelligent people 'less likely to believe in God'". The Telegraph.

trincoll.edu

commons.trincoll.edu

"American Nones: The Profile of the No Religion Population" (PDF). American Religious Identification Survey. 2008. Retrieved 2014-01-30.

ubc.ca

www2.psych.ubc.ca

Gervais, W. M.; Norenzayan, A. (26 April 2012). "Analytic Thinking Promotes Religious Disbelief" (PDF). Science. 336 (6080): 493–496. Bibcode:2012Sci...336..493G. doi:10.1126/science.1215647. PMID 22539725. S2CID 41484144. Retrieved 24 January 2016.

udel.edu

Gottfredson, Linda S. (1997). "Mainstream Science on Intelligence (editorial)" (PDF). Intelligence. 24: 13–23. doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(97)90011-8. ISSN 0160-2896.

web.archive.org

Sacerdote, Bruce; Glaeser, Edward L. "Education and Religion" (PDF). Harvard Institute of Economic Research. p. 29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 May 2012. Retrieved 6 January 2012.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Neisser, Ulrich; Boodoo, Gwyneth; Bouchard, Thomas J.; Boykin, A. Wade; Brody, Nathan; Ceci, Stephen J.; Halpern, Diane F.; Loehlin, John C.; Perloff, Robert; Sternberg, Robert J.; Urbina, Susana (1996). "Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns" (PDF). American Psychologist. 51 (2): 77–101. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.51.2.77. ISSN 0003-066X. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
Hale, Frederick (2011). "Religious Disbelief and Intelligence: The Failure of a Contemporary Attempt to Correlate National Mean IQs and Rates of Atheism". Journal for the Study of Religion. 24 (1): 37–53. ISSN 1011-7601.
Gottfredson, Linda S. (1997). "Mainstream Science on Intelligence (editorial)" (PDF). Intelligence. 24: 13–23. doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(97)90011-8. ISSN 0160-2896.
Paek, Ellen (2006). "Religiosity and perceived emotional intelligence among Christians". Personality and Individual Differences. 41 (3): 479–490. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.01.016. ISSN 0191-8869.
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