Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust (English Wikipedia)

Dariusz Libionka, "Polska ludność chrześcijańska wobec eksterminacji Żydów—dystrykt lubelski," in Dariusz Libionka, Akcja Reinhardt: Zagłada Żydów w Generalnym Gubernatorstwie Archived 4 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine (Warsaw: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej–Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu, 2004), p.325. (in Polish)

aleteia.org

Sosnowska, Anna (6 September 2017). "The Polish priest whose "House of Life" saved a thousand Jewish lives". Aleteia. Retrieved 14 June 2023.

amazon.com

Kermish (1977), pp. 14–17, 30, 32: Kermish falsely asserts that the relief payments amounted to 50,000 zł per month (page 4), which is contradicted by the Żegota reports digitized by the Ghetto Fighters House Archives in Jerusalem (Catalog No. 6159) which prove that the Żegota branch in Kraków alone (just one branch) received one million Polish złoty in July 1943. The annual report from December 1944 (paragraph 3) states: "at the end of July an authorization was received from the Warsaw branch confirming the transfer of one million zł to the Krakow branch for distribution to welfare support cases and to the Plaszow, Mielec, Wieliczka, and Stalowa Wola camps - in all, for some 22,000 Jews." According to Polonsky (2004), Żegota was granted 29 million zł by the government-in-exile for the relief payments to Jewish families. Kermish, Joseph (1977). "The Activities of the Council for Aid to Jews ("Żegota") in Occupied Poland" (PDF). Yad Vashem 1977 Conference Proceedings, Jerusalem. Shoah Resource Center. pp. 1–4, 14–17, 30–32. ASIN B00400ZEC0. Direct download, 139 KB.

archive.org

Piotrowski (1998), p. 119, chpt. Assistance. Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998). "Assistance to Jews". Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947. Jefferson, N.C., London: McFarland & Company. pp. 112–128. ISBN 0786403713 – via Google Books.
Paldiel 1993, pp. 184–5: "The occupation authorities threatened with death any person who obstructed Nazi designs to destroy the Jews. This dire punishment was not only written in the law and known to studious attorneys but made public by posters on bulletin boards in all major cities. Any Pole caught hiding a Jew could be shot on the spot. If lucky, he would be dispatched to a concentration camp. [...] The threat facing would-be rescuers, however, also came from the direction of the local population. There were not a few Poles who exerted pressure on rescuers to expel their Jewish wards." Paldiel, Mordecai (1993). The Path of the Righteous: Gentile Rescuers of Jews during the Holocaust. New York: Ktav. ISBN 0-88125-376-6.
Paldiel 1993, p. 185. Paldiel, Mordecai (1993). The Path of the Righteous: Gentile Rescuers of Jews during the Holocaust. New York: Ktav. ISBN 0-88125-376-6.
Tec 1987. Tec, Nechama (1987). When Light Pierced the Darkness: Christian Rescue of Jews in Nazi-Occupied Poland. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505194-7 – via Internet Archive.
Piotrowski (1998), p. 209, 'Pogroms involving murder.' Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998). "Assistance to Jews". Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947. Jefferson, N.C., London: McFarland & Company. pp. 112–128. ISBN 0786403713 – via Google Books.
Michael Phayer (2000), The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930-1965. Indiana University Press. Pages 113, 117, 250.
Piotrowski (1998), p. 22, chpt. Nazi Terror. Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998). "Assistance to Jews". Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947. Jefferson, N.C., London: McFarland & Company. pp. 112–128. ISBN 0786403713 – via Google Books.
Lukas, Richard C. (1989). Out of the Inferno: Poles Remember the Holocaust. University Press of Kentucky. p. 13. ISBN 0813116929. The estimates of Jewish survivors in Poland... do not accurately reflect the extent of the Poles' enormous sacrifices on behalf of the Jews because, at various times during the occupation, there were more Jews in hiding than in the end survived.
Piotrowski (1998), p. 66, chpt. German Occupation. Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998). "Assistance to Jews". Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947. Jefferson, N.C., London: McFarland & Company. pp. 112–128. ISBN 0786403713 – via Google Books.
Mordecai Paldiel. The Path of the Righteous: Gentile Rescuers of Jews During the Holocaust. KTAV Publishing House, Inc., 1993.
Mordecai Paldiel, The Path of the Righteous: Gentile Rescuers of Jews, page 184. Published by KTAV Publishing House Inc.
Piotrowski (1998), p. 112, chpt. Assistance. Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998). "Assistance to Jews". Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947. Jefferson, N.C., London: McFarland & Company. pp. 112–128. ISBN 0786403713 – via Google Books.
Piotrowski (1998), p. 118, chpt. Assistance. Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998). "Assistance to Jews". Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947. Jefferson, N.C., London: McFarland & Company. pp. 112–128. ISBN 0786403713 – via Google Books.
Piotrowski (1998), p. 117, chpt. Assistance. Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998). "Assistance to Jews". Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947. Jefferson, N.C., London: McFarland & Company. pp. 112–128. ISBN 0786403713 – via Google Books.
Bogner, Nahum (2012). "The Convent Children. The Rescue of Jewish Children in Polish Convents During the Holocaust" (PDF). Shoah Resource Center: 41–44. Archived from the original on 17 February 2012 – via direct download, 45.2 KB. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) See also: Phayer, Michael (2000). The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930–1965. Indiana University Press. pp. 113, 117–120, 250. ISBN 0253214718. In January 1941 Jan Dobraczynski placed roughly 2,500 children in cooperating convents of Warsaw. Matylda Getter took many of them into her convent. During the Ghetto uprising the number of Jewish orphans in their care surged upward.^[p.120]. Dobraczynski Getter.
Norman Davies, Europe: A History, Oxford University Press, 1996, ISBN 0-19-820171-0., Google Print, p. 1023
Davies, Norman (1996). Europe: A History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-06-097468-0.

archive.today

Krystian Brodacki, "Musimy ich uszanować!" Tygodnik Solidarność, 17 December 2004. (in Polish) "Tygodnik Solidarność nr 51/2004". Archived from the original on 18 December 2006. Retrieved 4 June 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

auschwitz.dk

"Irena Sendler". Auschwitz.dk. Retrieved 30 April 2013.

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Epstein, Catherine (2015). Nazi Germany: Confronting the Myths. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 172–173. ISBN 978-1118294796. Although the refusal to bomb Auschwitz seems a case of moral indifference, it was, in fact, reasoned strategy. – via Google Books. See also: Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (10 December 1942), The Mass Extermination of Jews in German Occupied Poland. Note to the Governments of the United Nations.
Epstein, Catherine A. (27 January 2015). Nazi Germany: Confronting the Myths. John Wiley & Sons. p. 172. ISBN 9781118294789 – via Google Books.
Piotrowski (1998), p. 119, chpt. Assistance. Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998). "Assistance to Jews". Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947. Jefferson, N.C., London: McFarland & Company. pp. 112–128. ISBN 0786403713 – via Google Books.
Emanuel Ringelblum, Joseph Kermish, Shmuel Krakowski, Polish-Jewish relations during the Second World War. Page 226. Quote from chapter "The Idealists": "Informing and denunciation flourish throughout the country, thanks largely to the Volksdeutsche. Arrests and round-ups at every step and constant searches..."
Gibney, Matthew J.; Hansen, Randall. Immigration and Asylum. p. 204.^{[permanent dead link]}
Browning, Christopher R.; Matthaus, Jurgen (2007). The Origins of the Final Solution. University of Nebraska Press. p. 262. ISBN 978-0-8032-5979-9.
Piotrowski (1998), p. 209, 'Pogroms involving murder.' Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998). "Assistance to Jews". Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947. Jefferson, N.C., London: McFarland & Company. pp. 112–128. ISBN 0786403713 – via Google Books.
Ronald Headland (1992), Messages of Murder: A Study of the Reports of the Einsatzgruppen of the Security Police and the Security Service, 1941–1943. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ. Press, pp. 125–126. ISBN 0-8386-3418-4.
Bubnys, Arūnas (2004). "The Holocaust in Lithuania: An Outline of the Major Stages and Results". The Vanished World of Lithuanian Jews. Rodopi. pp. 209–210. ISBN 90-420-0850-4 – via Google Books.
Michael C. Steinlauf. Bondage to the Dead. Syracuse University Press, p. 30.
Prekerowa, Teresa (1989) [1987]. Polonsky, Antony (ed.). The Just and the Passive. Routledge. pp. 72–74. ISBN 9781134952106 – via Google Books. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
Joshua D. Zimmerman. Contested Memories: Poles and Jews During the Holocaust and Its Aftermath Rutgers University Press, 2003.
Piotrowski (1998), p. 22, chpt. Nazi Terror. Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998). "Assistance to Jews". Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947. Jefferson, N.C., London: McFarland & Company. pp. 112–128. ISBN 0786403713 – via Google Books.
John T. Pawlikowski. "Polish Catholics and the Jews during the Holocaust" in: Joshua D. Zimmerman, Contested Memories: Poles and Jews During the Holocaust and Its Aftermath, Rutgers University Press, 2003. Page 110
Martin Gilbert. The Righteous: The Unsung Heroes of the Holocaust Macmillan, 2003. pp 102-103.
Martin Gilbert. The Righteous: The Unsung Heroes of the Holocaust. Macmillan, 2003. p146.
Lukas, Richard C. (1994). Did the Children Cry? Hitler's War Against Jewish and Polish Children, 1939-1945. Hippocrene Books. pp. 180–189. ISBN 0-7818-0242-3 – via Google Books.
Grabowski, Jan; Engelking, Barbara (6 September 2022). Night Without End: The Fate of Jews in German-Occupied Poland. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-06287-1.
David S. Wyman, Charles H. Rosenzveig, The world reacts to the Holocaust. Published by JHU Press; pages 81-101, 106.
Wiktoria Śliwowska, Jakub Gutenbaum, The Last Eyewitnesses, page 187-188 Northwestern University Press
Piotrowski (1998), p. 66, chpt. German Occupation. Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998). "Assistance to Jews". Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947. Jefferson, N.C., London: McFarland & Company. pp. 112–128. ISBN 0786403713 – via Google Books.
Michael C. Steinlauf. Bondage to the Dead. Syracuse University Press, pp. 41-42.
Cesarani & Kavanaugh (2004), pp. 41ff, attitudes. Cesarani, David; Kavanaugh, Sarah (2004). "Inside Nazi-dominated Europe". Holocaust: Critical Concepts in Historical Studies. Vol. V: Responses to the persecution and mass murder of the Jews. Psychology Press, Routledge. p. 64. ISBN 0415318718 – via Google Books, preview.
Israel Gutman. The Jews of Warsaw, 1939-1943. Indiana University Press, 1982. Pages 27ff.
Antony Polonsky. "Beyond Condemnation, Apologetics and Apologies: On the Complexity of Polish Behavior Towards the Jews During the Second World War." In: Jonathan Frankel, ed. Studies in Contemporary Jewry 13. (1997): 190-224.
Jan T. Gross. A Tangled Web: Confronting Stereotypes Concerning Relations between Poles, Germans, Jews, and Communists. In: István Deák, Jan Tomasz Gross, Tony Judt. The Politics of Retribution in Europe: World War II and Its Aftermath. Princeton University Press, 2000. P. 84ff
Joshua D. Zimmerman. Contested Memories: Poles and Jews During the Holocaust and Its Aftermath. Rutgers University Press, 2003.
Joshua D. Zimmerman. Review of Aliana Cala, The Image of the Jew in Polish Folk Culture. In: Jonathan Frankel, ed. Jews and Gender: The Challenge to Hierarchy. Oxford University Press US, 2000.
Nechama Tec. When Light Pierced the Darkness: Christian Rescue of Jews in Nazi-Occupied Poland. Oxford University Press US, 1987.
Nechama Tec. When Light Pierced the Darkness: Christian Rescue of Jews in Nazi-Occupied Poland. Oxford University Press US, 1987.
John T. Pawlikowski, Polish Catholics and the Jews during the Holocaust, in, Google Print, p. 113 in Joshua D. Zimmerman, Contested Memories: Poles and Jews During the Holocaust and Its Aftermath, Rutgers University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-8135-3158-6
Robert D. Cherry, Annamaria Orla-Bukowska, Rethinking Poles and Jews, Rowman & Littlefield, 2007, ISBN 0-7425-4666-7, Google Print, p.25
Robert D. Cherry, Annamaria Orla-Bukowska, Rethinking Poles and Jews: Troubled Past, Brighter Future, Rowman & Littlefield, 2007, ISBN 0-7425-4666-7, Google Print, p.5
Walczak, Ryszard (1997). Those Who Helped: Polish Rescuers of Jews During the Holocaust. Warsaw: GKBZpNP–IPN. p. 51. ISBN 9788376290430. Retrieved 17 April 2014 – via Google Books.
Dorota Glowacka, Joanna Zylinska, Imaginary Neighbors. University of Nebraska Press, 2007, p.7. ISBN 0803205996.
Piotrowski (1998), p. 112, chpt. Assistance. Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998). "Assistance to Jews". Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947. Jefferson, N.C., London: McFarland & Company. pp. 112–128. ISBN 0786403713 – via Google Books.
Piotrowski (1998), p. 118, chpt. Assistance. Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998). "Assistance to Jews". Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947. Jefferson, N.C., London: McFarland & Company. pp. 112–128. ISBN 0786403713 – via Google Books.
Cesarani & Kavanaugh (2004), p. 64. Also in: Jonathan Frankel (ed), Studies in Contemporary Jewry. Volume XIII, p. 217. Cesarani, David; Kavanaugh, Sarah (2004). "Inside Nazi-dominated Europe". Holocaust: Critical Concepts in Historical Studies. Vol. V: Responses to the persecution and mass murder of the Jews. Psychology Press, Routledge. p. 64. ISBN 0415318718 – via Google Books, preview.
Piotrowski (1998), p. 117, chpt. Assistance. Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998). "Assistance to Jews". Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947. Jefferson, N.C., London: McFarland & Company. pp. 112–128. ISBN 0786403713 – via Google Books.
Ewa Kurek (1997), Your Life is Worth Mine: How Polish Nuns Saved Hundreds of Jewish Children in German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945. Hippocrene Books, ISBN 0781804094.
John T. Pawlikowski, Polish Catholics and the Jews during the Holocaust, in, Google Print, p. 113 in Joshua D. Zimmerman, Contested Memories: Poles and Jews During the Holocaust and Its Aftermath, Rutgers University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-8135-3158-6
Cesarani & Kavanaugh (2004), p. 68, nunneries. Cesarani, David; Kavanaugh, Sarah (2004). "Inside Nazi-dominated Europe". Holocaust: Critical Concepts in Historical Studies. Vol. V: Responses to the persecution and mass murder of the Jews. Psychology Press, Routledge. p. 64. ISBN 0415318718 – via Google Books, preview.
John T. Pawlikowski. Polish Catholics and the Jews during the Holocaust. In: Joshua D. Zimmerman, Contested Memories: Poles and Jews During the Holocaust and Its Aftermath, Rutgers University Press, 2003
Engel, David (1993). Facing a Holocaust: The Polish Government-in-exile and the Jews, 1943–1945. University of North Carolina Press. p. 138. ISBN 9780807820698 – via Google Books. The creation of the Rescue Council made the Polish government the second Allied regime – following the United States [3 months prior] – to establish an official body dedicated to assisting the remaining Jews ... the Polish government was the first to state unambiguously that the object of its rescue agency's efforts were to be Jews. Clarification to Engel's commentary is provided by Minutes of the agency's inaugural meeting confirming its mission as mere coordination of rescue efforts taking place in Poland for a long time already. — Lerski, Jerzy (12 June 1944). "Protokół wystąpienia na posiedzeniu RdSRLZwP" (PDF). Życie Za Życie. Page 1. Notes.
Michael C. Steinlauf. Poland. In: David S. Wyman, Charles H. Rosenzveig. The World Reacts to the Holocaust. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. pp 98; 105.
Robert Alexander Clarke Parker, The Second World War Published by Oxford University Press. Page 276
Cesarani & Kavanaugh (2004), p. 64. Cesarani, David; Kavanaugh, Sarah (2004). "Inside Nazi-dominated Europe". Holocaust: Critical Concepts in Historical Studies. Vol. V: Responses to the persecution and mass murder of the Jews. Psychology Press, Routledge. p. 64. ISBN 0415318718 – via Google Books, preview.
Stola 2003, p. 91. Stola, Dariusz (2003). "The Polish government in exile and the Final Solution: What conditioned its actions and inactions?". In Zimmerman, Joshua D. (ed.). Contested Memories: Poles and Jews During the Holocaust and Its Aftermath. Rutgers University Press. pp. 107–123. ISBN 0-8135-3158-6 – via Google Books.
Stola 2003, p. 87. Stola, Dariusz (2003). "The Polish government in exile and the Final Solution: What conditioned its actions and inactions?". In Zimmerman, Joshua D. (ed.). Contested Memories: Poles and Jews During the Holocaust and Its Aftermath. Rutgers University Press. pp. 107–123. ISBN 0-8135-3158-6 – via Google Books.
Stola 2003, p. 88. Stola, Dariusz (2003). "The Polish government in exile and the Final Solution: What conditioned its actions and inactions?". In Zimmerman, Joshua D. (ed.). Contested Memories: Poles and Jews During the Holocaust and Its Aftermath. Rutgers University Press. pp. 107–123. ISBN 0-8135-3158-6 – via Google Books.
Stola 2003, p. 86. Stola, Dariusz (2003). "The Polish government in exile and the Final Solution: What conditioned its actions and inactions?". In Zimmerman, Joshua D. (ed.). Contested Memories: Poles and Jews During the Holocaust and Its Aftermath. Rutgers University Press. pp. 107–123. ISBN 0-8135-3158-6 – via Google Books.
Michael C. Steinlauf. Poland. In: David S. Wyman, Charles H. Rosenzveig. The World Reacts to the Holocaust. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. pp 98; 104-105.
Michael C. Steinlauf. Bondage to the Dead. Syracuse University Press, p. 38.
David Engel (1993), Facing a Holocaust: The Polish Government-in-exile and the Jews, 1943-1945. University of North Carolina Press, pp. 138ff. ISBN 0807820695.
Engel (1993), p. 35, territorial claims, ibidem.
Stola 2003, p. 90, 93. Stola, Dariusz (2003). "The Polish government in exile and the Final Solution: What conditioned its actions and inactions?". In Zimmerman, Joshua D. (ed.). Contested Memories: Poles and Jews During the Holocaust and Its Aftermath. Rutgers University Press. pp. 107–123. ISBN 0-8135-3158-6 – via Google Books.
Robert Moses Shapiro. Why Didn't the Press Shout?: American & International Journalism During the Holocaust. KTAV Publishing House, Inc./Yeshiva University Press, 2003.
Salmonowicz, Stanisław (1994). Polish Underground State: 1939–1945 [Polskie Państwo Podziemne: z dziejów walki cywilnej, 1939-45]. Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne. pp. 281–284. ISBN 83-02-05500-X – via Google Books.
Teresa Prekerowa (29 March 1987). The Just and the Passive. In Antony Polonsky, ed. 'My Brother's Keeper?': Recent Polish Debates on the Holocaust. Routledge, 1989. Pp. 75-76
Marek Jan Chodkiewisz, Nazis and Soviets: Occupation Politics in Poland, 1939-1947., Lexington Books, 2004. pp. 154; 178.
Joanna B. Michlic. Poland's Threatening Other: The Image of the Jew from 1880 to the Present. University of Nebraska Press, 2006. Pages 153-156.
Israel Gutman. The Jews of Warsaw, 1939-1943: Ghetto, Underground, Revolt. Indiana University Press, 1982.

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Łysak, Tomasz (2023). "Dead Rescuers: The Commemoration of Poles Who Lost Their Lives Saving Jews During the Second World War". Porównania. 34 (2): 123–138. doi:10.14746/por.2023.2.9. ISSN 1733-165X.

doi.org

Friedrich 2005, p. 711. Friedrich, Klaus-Peter (2005). "Collaboration in a "Land without a Quisling": Patterns of Cooperation with the Nazi German Occupation Regime in Poland during World War II". Slavic Review. 64 (4): 711–746. doi:10.2307/3649910. ISSN 0037-6779. JSTOR 3649910. S2CID 163786298.
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Łysak, Tomasz (2023). "Dead Rescuers: The Commemoration of Poles Who Lost Their Lives Saving Jews During the Second World War". Porównania. 34 (2): 123–138. doi:10.14746/por.2023.2.9. ISSN 1733-165X.
Connelly, John (2005). "Why the Poles Collaborated so Little: And Why That Is No Reason for Nationalist Hubris". Slavic Review. 64 (4): 771–781. doi:10.2307/3649912. ISSN 0037-6779. JSTOR 3649912. S2CID 156014302.

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Turowicz, Jerzy (1989). Polonsky, Antony (ed.). Polish reasons and Jewish reasons. Routledge. p. 143. ISBN 1134952104 – via Google Books. Note 2: Teresa Prekerowa estimated that approximately 1–2.5 per cent of Poles (between 160,000 and 360,000) were actively engaged in helping Jews to survive. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

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Waclaw Szybalski, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI (2003). "The genius of Rudolf Stefan Weigl (1883–1957), a Lvovian microbe hunter and breeder. In Memoriam". International Weigl Conference (Microorganisms in Pathogenesis and their Drug Resistance – Programme and Abstracts; R. Stoika et al., eds.) 11–14 Sep 2003, pp. 10 – 31. Archived from the original on 15 March 2006.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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infocenters.co.il

Kermish (1977), pp. 14–17, 30, 32: Kermish falsely asserts that the relief payments amounted to 50,000 zł per month (page 4), which is contradicted by the Żegota reports digitized by the Ghetto Fighters House Archives in Jerusalem (Catalog No. 6159) which prove that the Żegota branch in Kraków alone (just one branch) received one million Polish złoty in July 1943. The annual report from December 1944 (paragraph 3) states: "at the end of July an authorization was received from the Warsaw branch confirming the transfer of one million zł to the Krakow branch for distribution to welfare support cases and to the Plaszow, Mielec, Wieliczka, and Stalowa Wola camps - in all, for some 22,000 Jews." According to Polonsky (2004), Żegota was granted 29 million zł by the government-in-exile for the relief payments to Jewish families. Kermish, Joseph (1977). "The Activities of the Council for Aid to Jews ("Żegota") in Occupied Poland" (PDF). Yad Vashem 1977 Conference Proceedings, Jerusalem. Shoah Resource Center. pp. 1–4, 14–17, 30–32. ASIN B00400ZEC0. Direct download, 139 KB.

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Marcin Urynowicz, "Organized and individual Polish aid for the Jewish population exterminated by the German invader during the Second World War" as cited by Institute of National Remembrance. The Life for a Life Project: Remembrance of Poles who gave their lives to save Jews Archived 30 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine
The Righteous and their world. Markowa through the lens of Józef Ulma, by Mateusz Szpytma, Archived 5 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine Institute of National Remembrance
Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Wystawa „Sprawiedliwi wśród Narodów Świata”– 15 czerwca 2004 r., Rzeszów. Archived 21 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine "Polacy pomagali Żydom podczas wojny, choć groziła za to kara śmierci – o tym wie większość z nas." (Exhibition "Righteous among the Nations." Rzeszów, 15 June 2004. Subtitled: "The Poles were helping Jews during the war - most of us already know that.") Last actualization 8 November 2008. (in Polish)

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Sławomir Kapralski. The Jedwabne Village Green? The Memory and Counter-Memory of the Crime. History & Memory. Vol 18, No 1, Spring/Summer 2006, pp. 179-194. "...a genuine memory of a traumatic event is possible only in a de-centered memory space, in which no standpoints are privileged a priori."

jstor.org

Friedrich 2005, p. 711. Friedrich, Klaus-Peter (2005). "Collaboration in a "Land without a Quisling": Patterns of Cooperation with the Nazi German Occupation Regime in Poland during World War II". Slavic Review. 64 (4): 711–746. doi:10.2307/3649910. ISSN 0037-6779. JSTOR 3649910. S2CID 163786298.
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