Research university (English Wikipedia)

"2025 Research Activity Designations". Carnegie Classifications. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
"Institution Search". Carnegie Classifications. Retrieved 13 February 2025.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Powell, Justin J. W.; Fernandez, Frank; Crist, John T.; Dusdal, Jennifer; Zhang, Liang; Baker, David P. (2017). "Introduction: The Worldwide Triumph of the Research University and Globalizing Science". In Powell, Justin J. W.; Fernandez, Frank; Baker, David P. (eds.). The Century of Science: The Global Triumph of the Research University. Bingley: Emerald Publishing. pp. 1–36. ISBN 9781787144699. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2022. (At p. 8.)
O'Shaughnessy, Lynn (2012). The College Solution: A Guide for Everyone Looking for the Right School at the Right Price. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education. pp. 132–136. ISBN 9780132944694. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
Andreatta, Britt (2011). Navigating the Research University: A Guide for First-Year Students (3rd ed.). Boston: Wadsworth. p. 136. ISBN 9780495913788. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
Irons, Jessica G.; Buskist, William (2009). "Chapter 9: Preparing for a Career at a Teaching Institution". In Davis, Stephen F.; Giordano, Peter J.; Licht, Carolyn A. (eds.). Your Career in Psychology: Putting Your Graduate Degree to Work. Malden, Massachusetts, US: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 117–132. ISBN 9781405179423. Archived from the original on 13 November 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020. (At p. 119.) This source refers to research universities as R1, a common shorthand for the highest level of American research universities recognized by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education.
Geiger, Roger L. (1986). To Advance Knowledge: The Growth of American Research Universities, 1900–1940 (2004 ed.). New Brunswick, New Jersey, US: Transaction Publishers. p. 8. ISBN 9781412840088. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
Menand, Louis; Reitter, Paul; Wellmon, Chad (2017). "General Introduction". The Rise of the Research University: A Sourcebook. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 2–3. ISBN 9780226414850. Archived from the original on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
William Whyte (2015). Redbrick. Oxford University Press. p. 135.
John Pickstone (26 May 2005). "Science in Nineteenth-Century England: Plural Configurations and Singular Politics". In Martin Daunton (ed.). The Organisation of Knowledge in Victorian Britain. Oxford University Press/British Academy. p. 42.
Macintyre, Stuart (2010). The Poor Relation: A History of Social Sciences in Australia. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. p. 333. ISBN 9780522857757. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
Crow, Michael M.; Dabars, William B. (2015). Designing the New American University. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 17–18. ISBN 9781421417233. Retrieved 28 May 2017. The quoted sentence is Crow and Dabars' paraphrasing of Geiger's analysis.
Geiger, Roger L. (1986). To Advance Knowledge: The Growth of American Research Universities, 1900–1940 (2004 ed.). New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. p. 3. ISBN 9781412840088. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
Benson, Michael T. (2022). Daniel Coit Gilman and the Birth of the American Research University. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. x. ISBN 9781421444161.
Marginson, Simon; Ordorika, Imanol (2011). "'El central volumen de la fuerza': Global Hegemony in Higher Education and Research". In Calhoun, Craig J.; Rhoten, Diana (eds.). Knowledge Matters: The Public Mission of the Research University. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 67–129. ISBN 9780231151146. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
Decherney, Peter (2017). Hollywood and the Culture Elite: How the Movies Became American. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 6–11. ISBN 9780231133760. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
Reed, Bruce Cameron (2020). Manhattan Project: The Story of the Century. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. p. 122. ISBN 978-3-030-45733-4. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
Leslie, Stuart W. (1993). The Cold War and American Science: The Military-Industrial-Academic Complex at MIT and Stanford. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 11–12. ISBN 9780231079587. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
Boden, Margaret A. (2006). Mind as Machine: A History of Cognitive Science, Volume 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 734–736. ISBN 9780199292387. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
Scott, W. Richard; Lara, Bernardo; Biag, Manuelito; Ris, Ethan; Liang, Judy (2017). "The Regional Economy of the San Francisco Bay Area". In Scott, W. Richard; Kirst, Michael W. (eds.). Higher Education and Silicon Valley: Connected But Conflicted. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 65. ISBN 9781421423081. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
Smith, Dean O. (2011). Managing the Research University. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 78. ISBN 9780199793259. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
Graham, Hugh Davis; Diamond, Nancy (1997). The Rise of American Research Universities: Elites and Challengers in the Postwar Era. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 9. ISBN 9780801880636. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
Vest, Charles M. (2007). The American Research University from World War II to World Wide Web: Governments, the Private Sector, and the Emerging Meta-University. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 7. ISBN 9780520934047. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
Stevens, Mitchell L.; Giebel, Sonia (2020). "The Paradox of the Global University". In Hyvönen, Mats; Peters, Michael A.; Rider, Sharon; Besley, Tina (eds.). World Class Universities: A Contested Concept. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. pp. 123–137. ISBN 9789811575983. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
Wittrock, Björn (2006). "The Legacy of Wilhelm von Humboldt and the Future of the European University". In Blückert, Kjell; Neave, Guy; Nybom, Thorsten (eds.). The European Research University: A Historical Parenthesis? (2018 softcover reprint ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 109–125. doi:10.1007/978-1-137-10079-5_9. ISBN 9781403970145. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2022.

cbert.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"C-BERT International Campus Listing". Cross-Border Education Research Team. April 2026. Retrieved 29 May 2026.

chemistryworld.com (Global: low place; English: 8,914^th place)

Anthony King (24 April 2026). "Academic freedom slides globally, as it takes a nosedive in the US". Chemistry World. Royal Society of Chemistry.

clarivate.com (Global: 7,647^th place; English: 4,464^th place)

"U.S. News Releases 2025-2026 Best Global Universities Rankings | Clarivate". Retrieved 20 August 2025.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Copeland, B. Jack (2011). "The Manchester Computer: A Revised History Part 1: The Memory". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 33 (1): 4–21. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2010.1.
Wittrock, Björn (2006). "The Legacy of Wilhelm von Humboldt and the Future of the European University". In Blückert, Kjell; Neave, Guy; Nybom, Thorsten (eds.). The European Research University: A Historical Parenthesis? (2018 softcover reprint ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 109–125. doi:10.1007/978-1-137-10079-5_9. ISBN 9781403970145. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
Philip G. Altbach (2013). "Advancing the national and global knowledge economy". Studies in Higher Education. 38 (3): 316–330. doi:10.1080/03075079.2013.773222. hdl:2345/bc-ir:103804. S2CID 144178229.
"3". Research Universities and the Future of America. National Academies Press. 2012. p. 40. doi:10.17226/13396. ISBN 978-0-309-25639-1. Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
Agafonow, Alejandro; Perez, Marybel (2021), "No Organizations for Today's Einsteins: Organizational Impacts on Scientific Discoveries", in Neesham, Cristina (ed.), Handbook of Philosophy of Management, Handbooks in Philosophy, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–23, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48352-8_69-2, ISBN 978-3-319-48352-8, archived from the original on 14 March 2023, retrieved 22 March 2022

durham.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: 7,415^th place)

iiif.durham.ac.uk

Whiting, C.E. (1932). The University of Durham 1832–1932. London: Sheldon Press. p. 227.

economist.com (Global: 331^st place; English: 272^nd place)

"How the Gulf's rulers want to harness the power of science". The Economist. 7 January 2025. Retrieved 17 January 2025.

ft.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 127^th place)

Joshua Chaffin (16 March 2024). "Qatar's ties to US universities scrutinised amid rise in antisemitism". Financial Times.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Philip G. Altbach (2013). "Advancing the national and global knowledge economy". Studies in Higher Education. 38 (3): 316–330. doi:10.1080/03075079.2013.773222. hdl:2345/bc-ir:103804. S2CID 144178229.

hepi.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bahram Bekhradnia (15 December 2016). "International university rankings: For good or ill?" (PDF). Higher Education Policy Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2017.

ieg-ego.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bommel, Bas van (14 December 2015). "Between 'Bildung' and 'Wissenschaft': The 19th-Century German Ideal of Scientific Education German Education and Science". Europäische Geschichte Online. Archived from the original on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2018.

insidehighered.com (Global: 4,021^st place; English: 2,075^th place)

Philip G. Altbach (11 November 2010). "The State of the Rankings". Inside Higher Ed. Archived from the original on 16 June 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2017.

iu.edu (Global: 3,497^th place; English: 2,025^th place)

carnegieclassifications.iu.edu

"Standard Listings". Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. University of Indiana. Archived from the original on 30 July 2018. Retrieved 11 August 2018.

jisc.ac.uk (Global: 7,213^th place; English: 3,897^th place)

archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk

"Papers of Sir Henry Roscoe". Archives Hub. JISC. Retrieved 25 May 2026.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

H. S. Jones (2019). "5. T. F. Tout and the idea of the university". In Caroline M. Barron; Joel T. Rosenthal (eds.). Thomas Frederick Tout (1855–1929): Refashioning history for the twentieth century. IHR Conference Series. University of London Press. pp. 71–86. JSTOR j.ctvk8w1hk.11.

leidenranking.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

traditional.leidenranking.com

Studies (CWTS), Centre for Science and Technology. "CWTS Leiden Ranking Traditional Edition". CWTS Leiden Ranking Traditional Edition. Retrieved 4 November 2025.

manchester.ac.uk (Global: 3,934^th place; English: 2,410^th place)

"History of the Victoria University of Manchester". University of Manchester. Retrieved 25 May 2026.

manchesterhive.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Peter Morris; Peter Reed (2024). "Heidelberg in Cottonopolis: how Roscoe brought German ideas to Manchester". In Stuart Jones (ed.). Manchester Minds: A University History of Ideas. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 43–59.

nap.edu (Global: 2,540^th place; English: 1,815^th place)

"3". Research Universities and the Future of America. National Academies Press. 2012. p. 40. doi:10.17226/13396. ISBN 978-0-309-25639-1. Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2018.

nuclearmuseum.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

ahf.nuclearmuseum.org

"Britain". National Museum of Nuclear Science and History. Atomic Heritage Foundation. University of Birmingham. Retrieved 13 May 2026.
"Britain". Voices of the Manhattan Project. Atomic Heritage Foundation. Retrieved 20 December 2023.

oecd-ilibrary.org (Global: 8,168^th place; English: 6,972^nd place)

John Taylor (21 June 2006). "Managing the Unmanageable: The Management of Research in Research-Intensive Universities". Higher Education Management and Policy. 18 (2). OECD: 3–4. Archived from the original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2018.

oup.com (Global: 292^nd place; English: 233^rd place)

global.oup.com

"Henry Enfield Roscoe". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 25 May 2026.

academic.oup.com

Janet Howarth (22 July 2021). "5 Research Training in the Humanities in British Universities, c.1870–1939: Classical Studies, History, Philosophy". In Ku-ming (Kevin) Chang; Alan Rocke (eds.). History of Universities. Vol. XXXIV/1: A Global History of Research Education: Disciplines, Institutions, and Nations, 1840–1950. Oxford University Press. pp. 84–107.

qs.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

iu.qs.com

"Inclusion in Rankings". QS Intelligence Unit. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2018.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Philip G. Altbach (2013). "Advancing the national and global knowledge economy". Studies in Higher Education. 38 (3): 316–330. doi:10.1080/03075079.2013.773222. hdl:2345/bc-ir:103804. S2CID 144178229.

shanghairanking.com (Global: 3,142^nd place; English: 2,833^rd place)

"Statistics". Academic Ranking of World Universities 2020. ShanghaiRanking Consultancy. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
"ShanghaiRanking's Academic Ranking of World Universities 2025 Press Release". www.shanghairanking.com. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
"ShanghaiRanking's Academic Ranking of World Universities". www.shanghairanking.com. Retrieved 20 August 2025.

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

link.springer.com

Agafonow, Alejandro; Perez, Marybel (2021), "No Organizations for Today's Einsteins: Organizational Impacts on Scientific Discoveries", in Neesham, Cristina (ed.), Handbook of Philosophy of Management, Handbooks in Philosophy, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–23, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48352-8_69-2, ISBN 978-3-319-48352-8, archived from the original on 14 March 2023, retrieved 22 March 2022

timeshighereducation.com (Global: 1,666^th place; English: 1,195^th place)

Phil Baty (16 January 2018). "This is why we publish the World University Rankings". Times Higher Education. Archived from the original on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
"World University Rankings 2026 digital edition". Times Higher Education (THE). 9 October 2025. Retrieved 22 October 2025.

topuniversities.com (Global: 1,463^rd place; English: 1,222^nd place)

"QS World University Rankings 2021 Supplement". Top Universities. Quacquarelli Symonds. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
"QS World University Rankings 2021". Top Universities. 28 May 2020. Archived from the original on 9 June 2020. Retrieved 18 September 2020.

ukcge.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Tina Barnes (2013). Higher Doctorates in the UK 2013. UK Council for Graduate Education. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-9563812-7-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021. The UK higher doctorate has a long history with the first (a DSc) being offered by Durham University in 1882

universityworldnews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The role of research universities in developing countries". University World News. 11 August 2013. Archived from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2018.

usc.edu (Global: 1,432^nd place; English: 908^th place)

about.usc.edu

Steven Sample (2 December 2002). "The Research University of the 21st Century: What Will it Look Like?". University of Southern California. Archived from the original on 23 February 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2018.

usnews.com (Global: 720^th place; English: 417^th place)

"2025-2026 Best Global Universities Rankings". U.S. News. Retrieved 19 August 2025.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"The role of research universities in developing countries". University World News. 11 August 2013. Archived from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
Altbach, Philip G. (2011). "The Past, Present, and Future of the Research University". In Altbach, Philip G.; Salmi, Jamil (eds.). The Road to Academic Excellence: The Making of World-Class Research Universities. Washington, D.C., US: The World Bank. pp. 11–32. ISBN 978-0-8213-8806-8. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
Steven Sample (2 December 2002). "The Research University of the 21st Century: What Will it Look Like?". University of Southern California. Archived from the original on 23 February 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
John Taylor (21 June 2006). "Managing the Unmanageable: The Management of Research in Research-Intensive Universities". Higher Education Management and Policy. 18 (2). OECD: 3–4. Archived from the original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
Powell, Justin J. W.; Fernandez, Frank; Crist, John T.; Dusdal, Jennifer; Zhang, Liang; Baker, David P. (2017). "Introduction: The Worldwide Triumph of the Research University and Globalizing Science". In Powell, Justin J. W.; Fernandez, Frank; Baker, David P. (eds.). The Century of Science: The Global Triumph of the Research University. Bingley: Emerald Publishing. pp. 1–36. ISBN 9781787144699. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2022. (At p. 8.)
Andreatta, Britt (2011). Navigating the Research University: A Guide for First-Year Students (3rd ed.). Boston: Wadsworth. p. 136. ISBN 9780495913788. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
Irons, Jessica G.; Buskist, William (2009). "Chapter 9: Preparing for a Career at a Teaching Institution". In Davis, Stephen F.; Giordano, Peter J.; Licht, Carolyn A. (eds.). Your Career in Psychology: Putting Your Graduate Degree to Work. Malden, Massachusetts, US: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 117–132. ISBN 9781405179423. Archived from the original on 13 November 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020. (At p. 119.) This source refers to research universities as R1, a common shorthand for the highest level of American research universities recognized by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education.
Geiger, Roger L. (1986). To Advance Knowledge: The Growth of American Research Universities, 1900–1940 (2004 ed.). New Brunswick, New Jersey, US: Transaction Publishers. p. 8. ISBN 9781412840088. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
Bommel, Bas van (14 December 2015). "Between 'Bildung' and 'Wissenschaft': The 19th-Century German Ideal of Scientific Education German Education and Science". Europäische Geschichte Online. Archived from the original on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
Menand, Louis; Reitter, Paul; Wellmon, Chad (2017). "General Introduction". The Rise of the Research University: A Sourcebook. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 2–3. ISBN 9780226414850. Archived from the original on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
Tina Barnes (2013). Higher Doctorates in the UK 2013. UK Council for Graduate Education. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-9563812-7-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021. The UK higher doctorate has a long history with the first (a DSc) being offered by Durham University in 1882
Macintyre, Stuart (2010). The Poor Relation: A History of Social Sciences in Australia. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. p. 333. ISBN 9780522857757. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
Geiger, Roger L. (1986). To Advance Knowledge: The Growth of American Research Universities, 1900–1940 (2004 ed.). New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. p. 3. ISBN 9781412840088. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
Marginson, Simon; Ordorika, Imanol (2011). "'El central volumen de la fuerza': Global Hegemony in Higher Education and Research". In Calhoun, Craig J.; Rhoten, Diana (eds.). Knowledge Matters: The Public Mission of the Research University. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 67–129. ISBN 9780231151146. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
Decherney, Peter (2017). Hollywood and the Culture Elite: How the Movies Became American. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 6–11. ISBN 9780231133760. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
Reed, Bruce Cameron (2020). Manhattan Project: The Story of the Century. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. p. 122. ISBN 978-3-030-45733-4. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
Leslie, Stuart W. (1993). The Cold War and American Science: The Military-Industrial-Academic Complex at MIT and Stanford. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 11–12. ISBN 9780231079587. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
Boden, Margaret A. (2006). Mind as Machine: A History of Cognitive Science, Volume 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 734–736. ISBN 9780199292387. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
Scott, W. Richard; Lara, Bernardo; Biag, Manuelito; Ris, Ethan; Liang, Judy (2017). "The Regional Economy of the San Francisco Bay Area". In Scott, W. Richard; Kirst, Michael W. (eds.). Higher Education and Silicon Valley: Connected But Conflicted. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 65. ISBN 9781421423081. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
Graham, Hugh Davis; Diamond, Nancy (1997). The Rise of American Research Universities: Elites and Challengers in the Postwar Era. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 9. ISBN 9780801880636. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
Vest, Charles M. (2007). The American Research University from World War II to World Wide Web: Governments, the Private Sector, and the Emerging Meta-University. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 7. ISBN 9780520934047. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
Stevens, Mitchell L.; Giebel, Sonia (2020). "The Paradox of the Global University". In Hyvönen, Mats; Peters, Michael A.; Rider, Sharon; Besley, Tina (eds.). World Class Universities: A Contested Concept. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. pp. 123–137. ISBN 9789811575983. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
Wittrock, Björn (2006). "The Legacy of Wilhelm von Humboldt and the Future of the European University". In Blückert, Kjell; Neave, Guy; Nybom, Thorsten (eds.). The European Research University: A Historical Parenthesis? (2018 softcover reprint ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 109–125. doi:10.1007/978-1-137-10079-5_9. ISBN 9781403970145. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
"3". Research Universities and the Future of America. National Academies Press. 2012. p. 40. doi:10.17226/13396. ISBN 978-0-309-25639-1. Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
Philip G. Altbach (11 November 2010). "The State of the Rankings". Inside Higher Ed. Archived from the original on 16 June 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
Bahram Bekhradnia (15 December 2016). "International university rankings: For good or ill?" (PDF). Higher Education Policy Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
Agafonow, Alejandro; Perez, Marybel (2021), "No Organizations for Today's Einsteins: Organizational Impacts on Scientific Discoveries", in Neesham, Cristina (ed.), Handbook of Philosophy of Management, Handbooks in Philosophy, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–23, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48352-8_69-2, ISBN 978-3-319-48352-8, archived from the original on 14 March 2023, retrieved 22 March 2022
"Inclusion in Rankings". QS Intelligence Unit. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
Phil Baty (16 January 2018). "This is why we publish the World University Rankings". Times Higher Education. Archived from the original on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
"QS World University Rankings 2021 Supplement". Top Universities. Quacquarelli Symonds. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
"QS World University Rankings 2021". Top Universities. 28 May 2020. Archived from the original on 9 June 2020. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
"Standard Listings". Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. University of Indiana. Archived from the original on 30 July 2018. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
"Statistics". Academic Ranking of World Universities 2020. ShanghaiRanking Consultancy. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2020.

worldbank.org (Global: 280^th place; English: 430^th place)

openknowledge.worldbank.org

Altbach, Philip G. (2011). "The Past, Present, and Future of the Research University". In Altbach, Philip G.; Salmi, Jamil (eds.). The Road to Academic Excellence: The Making of World-Class Research Universities. Washington, D.C., US: The World Bank. pp. 11–32. ISBN 978-0-8213-8806-8. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 15 October 2022.

Research university (English Wikipedia)

acenet.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

carnegieclassifications.acenet.edu

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

cbert.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

chemistryworld.com (Global: low place; English: 8,914th place)

clarivate.com (Global: 7,647th place; English: 4,464th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

durham.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: 7,415th place)

iiif.durham.ac.uk

economist.com (Global: 331st place; English: 272nd place)

ft.com (Global: 193rd place; English: 127th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

hepi.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

ieg-ego.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

insidehighered.com (Global: 4,021st place; English: 2,075th place)

iu.edu (Global: 3,497th place; English: 2,025th place)

carnegieclassifications.iu.edu

jisc.ac.uk (Global: 7,213th place; English: 3,897th place)

archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

leidenranking.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

traditional.leidenranking.com

manchester.ac.uk (Global: 3,934th place; English: 2,410th place)

manchesterhive.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

nap.edu (Global: 2,540th place; English: 1,815th place)

nuclearmuseum.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

ahf.nuclearmuseum.org

oecd-ilibrary.org (Global: 8,168th place; English: 6,972nd place)

oup.com (Global: 292nd place; English: 233rd place)

global.oup.com

academic.oup.com

qs.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

iu.qs.com

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

shanghairanking.com (Global: 3,142nd place; English: 2,833rd place)

springer.com (Global: 182nd place; English: 172nd place)

link.springer.com

timeshighereducation.com (Global: 1,666th place; English: 1,195th place)

topuniversities.com (Global: 1,463rd place; English: 1,222nd place)

ukcge.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

universityworldnews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

usc.edu (Global: 1,432nd place; English: 908th place)

about.usc.edu

usnews.com (Global: 720th place; English: 417th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldbank.org (Global: 280th place; English: 430th place)

openknowledge.worldbank.org

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

chemistryworld.com (Global: low place; English: 8,914^th place)

clarivate.com (Global: 7,647^th place; English: 4,464^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

durham.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: 7,415^th place)

economist.com (Global: 331^st place; English: 272^nd place)

ft.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 127^th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

insidehighered.com (Global: 4,021^st place; English: 2,075^th place)

iu.edu (Global: 3,497^th place; English: 2,025^th place)

jisc.ac.uk (Global: 7,213^th place; English: 3,897^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

manchester.ac.uk (Global: 3,934^th place; English: 2,410^th place)

nap.edu (Global: 2,540^th place; English: 1,815^th place)

oecd-ilibrary.org (Global: 8,168^th place; English: 6,972^nd place)

oup.com (Global: 292^nd place; English: 233^rd place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

shanghairanking.com (Global: 3,142^nd place; English: 2,833^rd place)

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

timeshighereducation.com (Global: 1,666^th place; English: 1,195^th place)

topuniversities.com (Global: 1,463^rd place; English: 1,222^nd place)

usc.edu (Global: 1,432^nd place; English: 908^th place)

usnews.com (Global: 720^th place; English: 417^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldbank.org (Global: 280^th place; English: 430^th place)