Respiratory system (English Wikipedia)

West, John B. (1995). Respiratory physiology-- the essentials. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. pp. 1–10. ISBN 0-683-08937-4.
Tortora, Gerard J.; Anagnostakos, Nicholas P. (1987). Principles of anatomy and physiology (Fifth ed.). New York: Harper & Row, Publishers. pp. 556–586. ISBN 0-06-350729-3.
Maton, Anthea; Jean Hopkins; Charles William McLaughlin; Susan Johnson; Maryanna Quon Warner; David LaHart; Jill D. Wright (1993). Human Biology and Health. wood Cliffs, New Jersey, US: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-981176-1.^{[page needed]}
Tortora, Gerard J.; Anagnostakos, Nicholas P. (1987). Principles of anatomy and physiology (Fifth ed.). New York: Harper & Row, Publishers. pp. 570–572. ISBN 0-06-350729-3.
Lovelock, James (1991). Healing Gaia: Practical medicine for the Planet. New York: Harmony Books. pp. 21–34, 73–88. ISBN 0-517-57848-4.
Tortora, Gerard J.; Anagnostakos, Nicholas P. (1987). Principles of anatomy and physiology (Fifth ed.). New York: Harper & Row, Publishers. pp. 444–445. ISBN 0-06-350729-3.
West, John B. (1994). Respiratory physiology-- the essentials. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. pp. 21–30, 84–84, 98–101. ISBN 0-683-08937-4.
Storer, Tracy I.; Usinger, R. L.; Stebbins, Robert C.; Nybakken, James W. (1997). General Zoology (sixth ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 752–753. ISBN 0-07-061780-5.
Romer, Alfred Sherwood (1970). The Vertebrate body (Fourth ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. pp. 323–324. ISBN 0-7216-7667-7.
Storer, Tracy I.; Usinger, R. L.; Stebbins, Robert C.; Nybakken, James W. (1997). General Zoology (sixth ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 668–670. ISBN 0-07-061780-5.

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"Online high altitude oxygen calculator". altitude.org. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2007.

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"Your Nose, the Guardian of Your Lungs". Boston Medical Center. Retrieved 2020-06-29.

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Kacmarek, Robert M.; Dimas, Steven; Mack, Craig W. (13 August 2013). Essentials of Respiratory Care - E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 9780323277785.
Maina, John N. (2005). The lung air sac system of birds development, structure, and function; with 6 tables. Berlin: Springer. pp. 3.2–3.3 "Lung", "Airway (Bronchiol) System" 66–82. ISBN 978-3-540-25595-6.

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Respiratory system. Encyclopædia Britannica.

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Diffusion

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Turowski, Jason (2016-04-29). "Should You Breathe Through Your Mouth or Your Nose?". Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved 2020-06-28.

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"CRC Press Online: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Section 6, 91st Edition". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2017-08-06.

doi.org

Hsia, CC; Hyde, DM; Weibel, ER (15 March 2016). "Lung Structure and the Intrinsic Challenges of Gas Exchange". Comprehensive Physiology. 6 (2): 827–95. doi:10.1002/cphy.c150028. PMC 5026132. PMID 27065169.
Fowler W.S. (1948). "Lung Function studies. II. The respiratory dead space". Am. J. Physiol. 154 (3): 405–416. doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1948.154.3.405. PMID 18101134.
Koen, Chrisvan L.; Koeslag, Johan H. (1995). "On the stability of subatmospheric intrapleural and intracranial pressures". News in Physiological Sciences. 10 (4): 176–178. doi:10.1152/physiologyonline.1995.10.4.176.
Burke, TV; Küng, M; Burki, NK (1989). "Pulmonary gas exchange during histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects". Chest. 96 (4): 752–6. doi:10.1378/chest.96.4.752. PMID 2791669. S2CID 18569280.
Shu, BC; Chang, YY; Lee, FY; Tzeng, DS; Lin, HY; Lung, FW (2007-10-31). "Parental attachment, premorbid personality, and mental health in young males with hyperventilation syndrome". Psychiatry Research. 153 (2): 163–70. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2006.05.006. PMID 17659783. S2CID 3931401.
Henry RP, Swenson ER (June 2000). "The distribution and physiological significance of carbonic anhydrase in vertebrate gas exchange organs". Respiration Physiology. 121 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1016/S0034-5687(00)00110-9. PMID 10854618.
Von Euler, U.S.; Liljestrand, G. (1946). "Observations on the pulmonary arterial blood pressure in the cat". Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. 12 (4): 301–320. doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1946.tb00389.x.
Fisher JW, Koury S, Ducey T, Mendel S (1996). "Erythropoietin production by interstitial cells of hypoxic monkey kidneys". British Journal of Haematology. 95 (1): 27–32. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.1996.d01-1864.x. PMID 8857934. S2CID 38309595.
Wright, Jo Rae (2004). "Host Defense Functions of Pulmonary Surfactant". Biology of the Neonate. 85 (4): 326–32. doi:10.1159/000078172. PMID 15211087. S2CID 25469141.
Sullivan, LC; Orgeig, S (2001). "Dexamethasone and epinephrine stimulate surfactant secretion in type II cells of embryonic chickens". American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 281 (3): R770–7. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.3.r770. PMID 11506991. S2CID 11226056.
Kanaide, Hideo; Ichiki, Toshihiro; Nishimura, Junji; Hirano, Katsuya (2003-11-28). "Cellular Mechanism of Vasoconstriction Induced by Angiotensin II It Remains To Be Determined". Circulation Research. 93 (11): 1015–1017. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000105920.33926.60. ISSN 0009-7330. PMID 14645130.
West, John B.; Ravichandran (1993). "Snorkel breathing in the elephant explains the unique anatomy of its pleura". Respiration Physiology. 126 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00203-1. PMID 11311306.
West, John B. (2002). "Why doesn't the elephant have a pleural space?". News Physiol Sci. 17 (2): 47–50. doi:10.1152/nips.01374.2001. PMID 11909991. S2CID 27321751.
Shoshani, Jeheskel (December 1998). "Understanding proboscidean evolution: a formidable task". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 13 (12): 480–487. doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01491-8. PMID 21238404.
Scott, Graham R. (2011). "Commentary: Elevated performance: the unique physiology of birds that fly at high altitudes". Journal of Experimental Biology. 214 (Pt 15): 2455–2462. doi:10.1242/jeb.052548. PMID 21753038. S2CID 27550864.
Sturkie, P.D. (1976). Sturkie, P. D (ed.). Avian Physiology. New York: Springer Verlag. p. 201. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4862-0. ISBN 978-1-4612-9335-4. S2CID 36415426.
Gottlieb, G; Jackson DC (1976). "Importance of pulmonary ventilation in respiratory control in the bullfrog". Am J Physiol. 230 (3): 608–13. doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1976.230.3.608. PMID 4976.
Hughes GM (1972). "Morphometrics of fish gills". Respiration Physiology. 14 (1–2): 1–25. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(72)90014-x. PMID 5042155.
Newstead James D (1967). "Fine structure of the respiratory lamellae of teleostean gills". Cell and Tissue Research. 79 (3): 396–428. doi:10.1007/bf00335484. PMID 5598734. S2CID 20771899.
Halperin J, Ansaldo M, Pellerano GN, Luquet CM (July 2000). "Bimodal breathing in the estuarine crab Chasmagnathus granulatus Dana 1851--physiological and morphological studies". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 126 (3): 341–9. doi:10.1016/S1095-6433(00)00216-6. PMID 10964029.
Lighton, JRB (January 1996). "Discontinuous gas exchange in insects". Annu Rev Entomol. 41: 309–324. doi:10.1146/annurev.en.41.010196.001521. PMID 8546448.

earthlife.net

The Earth Life Web, Insect Morphology and Anatomy. Earthlife.net. Retrieved on 2013-04-21.

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"Respiration". Harvey Project. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
Ritchson, G. "BIO 554/754 – Ornithology: Avian respiration". Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Kentucky University. Retrieved 2009-04-23.

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Valcheva, Zornitsa (January 2018). "THE ROLE OF MOUTH BREATHING ON DENTITION DEVELOPMENT AND FORMATION" (PDF). Journal of IMAB. Retrieved 2020-05-31.

nbcnews.com

Dahl, Melissa (2011-01-11). "'Mouth-breathing' gross, harmful to your health". NBC News. Retrieved 2020-06-28.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Hsia, CC; Hyde, DM; Weibel, ER (15 March 2016). "Lung Structure and the Intrinsic Challenges of Gas Exchange". Comprehensive Physiology. 6 (2): 827–95. doi:10.1002/cphy.c150028. PMC 5026132. PMID 27065169.
Fowler W.S. (1948). "Lung Function studies. II. The respiratory dead space". Am. J. Physiol. 154 (3): 405–416. doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1948.154.3.405. PMID 18101134.
Burke, TV; Küng, M; Burki, NK (1989). "Pulmonary gas exchange during histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects". Chest. 96 (4): 752–6. doi:10.1378/chest.96.4.752. PMID 2791669. S2CID 18569280.
Shu, BC; Chang, YY; Lee, FY; Tzeng, DS; Lin, HY; Lung, FW (2007-10-31). "Parental attachment, premorbid personality, and mental health in young males with hyperventilation syndrome". Psychiatry Research. 153 (2): 163–70. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2006.05.006. PMID 17659783. S2CID 3931401.
Henry RP, Swenson ER (June 2000). "The distribution and physiological significance of carbonic anhydrase in vertebrate gas exchange organs". Respiration Physiology. 121 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1016/S0034-5687(00)00110-9. PMID 10854618.
Fisher JW, Koury S, Ducey T, Mendel S (1996). "Erythropoietin production by interstitial cells of hypoxic monkey kidneys". British Journal of Haematology. 95 (1): 27–32. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.1996.d01-1864.x. PMID 8857934. S2CID 38309595.
Wright, Jo Rae (2004). "Host Defense Functions of Pulmonary Surfactant". Biology of the Neonate. 85 (4): 326–32. doi:10.1159/000078172. PMID 15211087. S2CID 25469141.
Sullivan, LC; Orgeig, S (2001). "Dexamethasone and epinephrine stimulate surfactant secretion in type II cells of embryonic chickens". American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 281 (3): R770–7. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.3.r770. PMID 11506991. S2CID 11226056.
Kanaide, Hideo; Ichiki, Toshihiro; Nishimura, Junji; Hirano, Katsuya (2003-11-28). "Cellular Mechanism of Vasoconstriction Induced by Angiotensin II It Remains To Be Determined". Circulation Research. 93 (11): 1015–1017. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000105920.33926.60. ISSN 0009-7330. PMID 14645130.
West, John B.; Ravichandran (1993). "Snorkel breathing in the elephant explains the unique anatomy of its pleura". Respiration Physiology. 126 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00203-1. PMID 11311306.
West, John B. (2002). "Why doesn't the elephant have a pleural space?". News Physiol Sci. 17 (2): 47–50. doi:10.1152/nips.01374.2001. PMID 11909991. S2CID 27321751.
Shoshani, Jeheskel (December 1998). "Understanding proboscidean evolution: a formidable task". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 13 (12): 480–487. doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01491-8. PMID 21238404.
Scott, Graham R. (2011). "Commentary: Elevated performance: the unique physiology of birds that fly at high altitudes". Journal of Experimental Biology. 214 (Pt 15): 2455–2462. doi:10.1242/jeb.052548. PMID 21753038. S2CID 27550864.
Gottlieb, G; Jackson DC (1976). "Importance of pulmonary ventilation in respiratory control in the bullfrog". Am J Physiol. 230 (3): 608–13. doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1976.230.3.608. PMID 4976.
Hughes GM (1972). "Morphometrics of fish gills". Respiration Physiology. 14 (1–2): 1–25. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(72)90014-x. PMID 5042155.
Newstead James D (1967). "Fine structure of the respiratory lamellae of teleostean gills". Cell and Tissue Research. 79 (3): 396–428. doi:10.1007/bf00335484. PMID 5598734. S2CID 20771899.
Halperin J, Ansaldo M, Pellerano GN, Luquet CM (July 2000). "Bimodal breathing in the estuarine crab Chasmagnathus granulatus Dana 1851--physiological and morphological studies". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 126 (3): 341–9. doi:10.1016/S1095-6433(00)00216-6. PMID 10964029.
Lighton, JRB (January 1996). "Discontinuous gas exchange in insects". Annu Rev Entomol. 41: 309–324. doi:10.1146/annurev.en.41.010196.001521. PMID 8546448.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Hsia, CC; Hyde, DM; Weibel, ER (15 March 2016). "Lung Structure and the Intrinsic Challenges of Gas Exchange". Comprehensive Physiology. 6 (2): 827–95. doi:10.1002/cphy.c150028. PMC 5026132. PMID 27065169.

npr.org

Gross, Terry (2020-05-27). "How The 'Lost Art' Of Breathing Can Impact Sleep And Resilience". National Public Radio (NPR)/Fresh Air. Retrieved 2020-06-23.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Burke, TV; Küng, M; Burki, NK (1989). "Pulmonary gas exchange during histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects". Chest. 96 (4): 752–6. doi:10.1378/chest.96.4.752. PMID 2791669. S2CID 18569280.
Shu, BC; Chang, YY; Lee, FY; Tzeng, DS; Lin, HY; Lung, FW (2007-10-31). "Parental attachment, premorbid personality, and mental health in young males with hyperventilation syndrome". Psychiatry Research. 153 (2): 163–70. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2006.05.006. PMID 17659783. S2CID 3931401.
Fisher JW, Koury S, Ducey T, Mendel S (1996). "Erythropoietin production by interstitial cells of hypoxic monkey kidneys". British Journal of Haematology. 95 (1): 27–32. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.1996.d01-1864.x. PMID 8857934. S2CID 38309595.
Wright, Jo Rae (2004). "Host Defense Functions of Pulmonary Surfactant". Biology of the Neonate. 85 (4): 326–32. doi:10.1159/000078172. PMID 15211087. S2CID 25469141.
Sullivan, LC; Orgeig, S (2001). "Dexamethasone and epinephrine stimulate surfactant secretion in type II cells of embryonic chickens". American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 281 (3): R770–7. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.3.r770. PMID 11506991. S2CID 11226056.
West, John B. (2002). "Why doesn't the elephant have a pleural space?". News Physiol Sci. 17 (2): 47–50. doi:10.1152/nips.01374.2001. PMID 11909991. S2CID 27321751.
Scott, Graham R. (2011). "Commentary: Elevated performance: the unique physiology of birds that fly at high altitudes". Journal of Experimental Biology. 214 (Pt 15): 2455–2462. doi:10.1242/jeb.052548. PMID 21753038. S2CID 27550864.
Sturkie, P.D. (1976). Sturkie, P. D (ed.). Avian Physiology. New York: Springer Verlag. p. 201. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4862-0. ISBN 978-1-4612-9335-4. S2CID 36415426.
Newstead James D (1967). "Fine structure of the respiratory lamellae of teleostean gills". Cell and Tissue Research. 79 (3): 396–428. doi:10.1007/bf00335484. PMID 5598734. S2CID 20771899.

thefreedictionary.com

medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com

"anatomical dead space". TheFreeDictionary.com.

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Taylor, D (1996). "The Valsalva Manoeuvre: A critical review". South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal. 26 (1). ISSN 0813-1988. OCLC 16986801. Archived from the original on 31 January 2010. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
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"CRC Press Online: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Section 6, 91st Edition". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2017-08-06.
William J. Bennetta (1996). "Deep Breathing". Archived from the original on 2007-08-14. Retrieved 2007-08-28.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Taylor, D (1996). "The Valsalva Manoeuvre: A critical review". South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal. 26 (1). ISSN 0813-1988. OCLC 16986801. Archived from the original on 31 January 2010. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
Kanaide, Hideo; Ichiki, Toshihiro; Nishimura, Junji; Hirano, Katsuya (2003-11-28). "Cellular Mechanism of Vasoconstriction Induced by Angiotensin II It Remains To Be Determined". Circulation Research. 93 (11): 1015–1017. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000105920.33926.60. ISSN 0009-7330. PMID 14645130.