Retina (English Wikipedia)

Cuenca, Nicolás; Ortuño-Lizarán, Isabel; Pinilla, Isabel (March 2018). "Cellular Characterization of OCT and Outer Retinal Bands Using Specific Immunohistochemistry Markers and Clinical Implications" (PDF). Ophthalmology. 125 (3): 407–422. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.09.016. hdl:10045/74474. PMID 29037595.
Provost, Eline B.; Int Panis, Luc; Saenen, Nelly D.; Kicinski, Michal; Louwies, Tijs; Vrijens, Karen; De Boever, Patrick; Nawrot, Tim S. (2017). "Recent versus chronic fine particulate air pollution exposure as determinant of the retinal microvasculature in school children". Environmental Research. 159: 103–110. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.027. hdl:1942/25647.
Bainbridge J. W. B.; Smith A. J.; Barker S. S.; Robbie S.; Henderson R.; Balaggan K.; Viswanathan A.; et al. (2008). "Effect of gene therapy on visual function in Leber's congenital amaurosis" (PDF). The New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (21): 2231–2239. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0802268. hdl:10261/271174. PMID 18441371. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 August 2017.

ingenia.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Seeing into the Future Archived 12 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine Ingenia, March 2007

jamanetwork.com (Global: 3,157^th place; English: 3,607^th place)

Fishman, R. S. (1973). "Kepler's Discovery of the Retinal Image". Archives of Ophthalmology. 89 (1): 59–61. doi:10.1001/archopht.1973.01000040061014. PMID 4567856. Retrieved 23 February 2023.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Viegas, Filipe O.; Neuhauss, Stephan C. F. (2021). "A Metabolic Landscape for Maintaining Retina Integrity and Function". Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience. 14 656000. doi:10.3389/fnmol.2021.656000. ISSN 1662-5099. PMC 8081888. PMID 33935647.
Kolb, Helga (1995). "Simple Anatomy of the Retina". Webvision. PMID 21413391. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
Franze K, Grosche J, Skatchkov SN, Schinkinger S, Foja C, Schild D, Uckermann O, Travis K, Reichenbach A, Guck J (2007). "Muller cells are living optical fibers in the vertebrate retina". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104 (20): 8287–8292. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.8287F. doi:10.1073/pnas.0611180104. PMC 1895942. PMID 17485670.
Bringmann A, Syrbe S, Görner K, Kacza J, Francke M, Wiedemann P, Reichenbach A (2018). "The primate fovea: Structure, function and development". Prog Retin Eye Res. 66: 49–84. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.03.006. PMID 29609042. S2CID 5045660.
Sperling, L.; Hubbard, R. (1 February 1975). "Squid retinochrome". The Journal of General Physiology. 65 (2): 235–251. doi:10.1085/jgp.65.2.235. ISSN 0022-1295. PMC 2214869. PMID 235007.
Drazen, J. C.; Yeh, J.; Friedman, J.; Condon, N. (June 2011). "Metabolism and enzyme activities of hagfish from shallow and deep water of the Pacific Ocean". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 159 (2): 182–187. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.02.018. PMID 21356325.
Labin, A. M.; Ribak, E. N. (16 April 2010). "Retinal Glial Cells Enhance Human Vision Acuity". Physical Review Letters. 104 (15) 158102. Bibcode:2010PhRvL.104o8102L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.158102. PMID 20482021.
Goldberg AF, Moritz OL, Williams DS (2016). "Molecular basis for photoreceptor outer segment architecture". Prog Retin Eye Res. 55: 52–81. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.05.003. PMC 5112118. PMID 27260426.
Arshavsky VY, Burns ME (2012). "Photoreceptor signaling: supporting vision across a wide range of light intensities". J Biol Chem. 287 (3): 1620–1626. doi:10.1074/jbc.R111.305243. PMC 3265842. PMID 22074925.
Sparrow JR, Hicks D, Hamel CP (2010). "The retinal pigment epithelium in health and disease". Curr Mol Med. 10 (9): 802–823. doi:10.2174/156652410793937813. PMC 4120883. PMID 21091424.
Letelier J, Bovolenta P, Martínez-Morales JR (2017). "The pigmented epithelium, a bright partner against photoreceptor degeneration". J Neurogenet. 31 (4): 203–215. doi:10.1080/01677063.2017.1395876. PMID 29113536. S2CID 1351539.
Adams, Daniel L.; Horton, Jonathan C. (1 May 2003). "A precise retinotopic map of primate striate cortex generated from the representation of angioscotomas". The Journal of Neuroscience. 23 (9): 3771–3789. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-09-03771.2003. ISSN 1529-2401. PMC 6742198. PMID 12736348.
Cuenca, Nicolás; Ortuño-Lizarán, Isabel; Pinilla, Isabel (March 2018). "Cellular Characterization of OCT and Outer Retinal Bands Using Specific Immunohistochemistry Markers and Clinical Implications" (PDF). Ophthalmology. 125 (3): 407–422. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.09.016. hdl:10045/74474. PMID 29037595.
Staurenghi, Giovanni; Sadda, Srinivas; Chakravarthy, Usha; Spaide, Richard F. (2014). "Proposed Lexicon for Anatomic Landmarks in Normal Posterior Segment Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography". Ophthalmology. 121 (8): 1572–1578. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.02.023. PMID 24755005.
Sherman, J (June 2009). "Photoreceptor integrity line joins the nerve fiber layer as key to clinical diagnosis". Optometry. 80 (6): 277–278. doi:10.1016/j.optm.2008.12.006. PMID 19465337.
Cepko, Connie (September 2014). "Intrinsically different retinal progenitor cells produce specific types of progeny". Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 15 (9): 615–627. doi:10.1038/nrn3767. ISSN 1471-003X. PMID 25096185. S2CID 15038502.
Heavner, W; Pevny, L (1 December 2012). "Eye development and retinogenesis". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 4 (12) a008391. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a008391. PMC 3504437. PMID 23071378.
Yu, DY; Yu, PK; Cringle, SJ; Kang, MH; Su, EN (May 2014). "Functional and morphological characteristics of the retinal and choroidal vasculature". Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 40: 53–93. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.02.001. PMID 24583621. S2CID 21312546.
Kaynezhad, Pardis; Tachtsidis, Ilias; Sivaprasad, Sobha; Jeffery, Glen (2023). "Watching the human retina breath in real time and the slowing of mitochondrial respiration with age". Scientific Reports. 13 (1): 6445. Bibcode:2023NatSR..13.6445K. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-32897-7. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 10119193. PMID 37081065.
Bawa S.R.; YashRoy R.C. (1972). "Effect of dark and light adaptation on the retina and pecten of chicken". Experimental Eye Research. 13 (1): 92–97. doi:10.1016/0014-4835(72)90129-7. PMID 5060117. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014.
Bawa, S.R.; YashRoy, R.C. (1974). "Structure and function of vulture pecten". Cells Tissues Organs. 89 (3): 473–480. doi:10.1159/000144308. PMID 4428954. Archived from the original on 14 July 2015.
Sherman, T (1981). "On connecting large vessels to small – the meaning of murray law". Journal of General Physiology. 78 (4): 431–453. doi:10.1085/jgp.78.4.431. PMC 2228620. PMID 7288393.
Louwies, Tijs; Panis, Luc Int; Kicinski, Michal; Boever, Patrick De; Nawrot, Tim S. (2013). "Retinal Microvascular Responses to Short-Term Changes in Particulate Air Pollution in Healthy Adults". Environmental Health Perspectives. 121 (9): 1011–1016. Bibcode:2013EnvHP.121.1011L. PMC 3764070. PMID 23777785.
Adar SD, Klein R, Klein BE, Szpiro AA, Cotch MF, Wong TY, et al. (2010). "Air Pollution and the microvasculature: a crosssectional assessment of in vivo retinal images in the population based multiethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)". PLOS Med. 7 (11) e1000372. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000372. PMC 2994677. PMID 21152417.
Tso, Mark O.M.; Jampol, Lee M. (1982). "Pathophysiology of Hypertensive Retinopathy". Ophthalmology. 89 (10): 1132–1145. doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(82)34663-1. PMID 7155524.
Chapman, N.; Dell'omo, G.; Sartini, M. S.; Witt, N.; Hughes, A.; Thom, S.; Pedrinelli, R. (1 August 2002). "Peripheral vascular disease is associated with abnormal arteriolar diameter relationships at bifurcations in the human retina". Clinical Science. 103 (2): 111–116. doi:10.1042/cs1030111. ISSN 0143-5221. PMID 12149100.
Patton, N.; Aslam, T.; MacGillivray, T.; Deary, I.; Dhillon, B.; Eikelboom, R.; Yogesan, K.; Constable, I. (2006). "Retinal image analysis: Concepts, applications and potential". Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 25 (1): 99–127. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2005.07.001. PMID 16154379. S2CID 7434103.
Wong TY, Knudtson MD, Klein R, Klein BE, Meuer SM, Hubbard LD (2004). "Computer assisted measurement of retinal vessel diameters in the Beaver Dam Eye Study: methodology, correlation between eyes, and effect of refractive errors". Ophthalmology. 111 (6): 1183–1190. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2003.09.039. PMID 15177969.
Frith, Peggy; Mehta, Arpan R (November 2021). "The retina as a window into the brain". The Lancet Neurology. 20 (11): 892. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00332-X. PMC 7611980. PMID 34687632.
Seidelmann, SB; et al. (1 November 2016). "Retinal Vessel Calibers in Predicting Long-Term Cardiovascular Outcomes". Circulation. 134 (18): 1328–1338. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023425. PMC 5219936. PMID 27682886.
Querques, G; et al. (11 January 2019). "Functional and morphological changes of the retinal vessels in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment". Scientific Reports. 9 (63) 63. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9...63Q. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37271-6. PMC 6329813. PMID 30635610.
Dinculescu Astra; Glushakova Lyudmyla; Seok-Hong Min; Hauswirth William W (2005). "Adeno-associated virus-vectored gene therapy for retinal disease". Human Gene Therapy. 16 (6): 649–663. doi:10.1089/hum.2005.16.649. PMID 15960597.
Cideciyan A. V.; Hauswirth W. W.; Aleman T. S.; Kaushal S.; Schwartz S. B.; Boye S. L.; Windsor E. A. M.; et al. (2009). "Human RPE65 gene therapy for Leber congenital amaurosis: persistence of early visual improvements and safety at 1 year". Human Gene Therapy. 20 (9): 999–1004. doi:10.1089/hum.2009.086. PMC 2829287. PMID 19583479.
Simonelli F.; Maguire A. M.; Testa F.; Pierce E. A.; Mingozzi F.; Bennicelli J. L.; Rossi S.; et al. (2010). "Gene therapy for Leber's congenital amaurosis is safe and effective through 1.5 years after vector administration". Molecular Therapy. 18 (3): 643–650. doi:10.1038/mt.2009.277. PMC 2839440. PMID 19953081.
Maguire A. M.; Simonelli F.; Pierce E. A.; Pugh E. N.; Mingozzi F.; Bennicelli J.; Banfi S.; et al. (2008). "Safety and efficacy of gene transfer for Leber's congenital amaurosis". The New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (21): 2240–2248. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0802315. PMC 2829748. PMID 18441370.
Maguire A. M.; High K. A.; Auricchio A.; Wright J. F.; Pierce E. A.; Testa F.; Mingozzi F.; et al. (2009). "Age-dependent effects of RPE65 gene therapy for Leber's congenital amaurosis: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial". Lancet. 374 (9701): 1597–1605. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61836-5. PMC 4492302. PMID 19854499.
Bainbridge J. W. B.; Smith A. J.; Barker S. S.; Robbie S.; Henderson R.; Balaggan K.; Viswanathan A.; et al. (2008). "Effect of gene therapy on visual function in Leber's congenital amaurosis" (PDF). The New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (21): 2231–2239. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0802268. hdl:10261/271174. PMID 18441371. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 August 2017.
Hauswirth W. W.; Aleman T. S.; Kaushal S.; Cideciyan A. V.; Schwartz S. B.; Wang L.; Conlon T. J.; et al. (2008). "Treatment of Leber Congenital Amaurosis Due to RPE65Mutations by Ocular Subretinal Injection of Adeno-Associated Virus Gene Vector: Short-Term Results of a Phase I Trial". Human Gene Therapy. 19 (10): 979–990. doi:10.1089/hum.2008.107. PMC 2940541. PMID 18774912.
Ashtari M.; Cyckowski L. L.; Monroe J. F.; Marshall K. A.; Chung D. C.; Auricchio A.; Simonelli F.; et al. (2011). "The human visual cortex responds to gene therapy-mediated recovery of retinal function". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 121 (6): 2160–2168. doi:10.1172/JCI57377. PMC 3104779. PMID 21606598.
Bennett J (2003). "Immune response following intraocular delivery of recombinant viral vectors". Gene Therapy. 10 (11): 977–982. doi:10.1038/sj.gt.3302030. PMID 12756418.
Curace Enrico M.; Auricchio Alberto (2008). "Versatility of AAV vectors for retinal gene transfer". Vision Research. 48 (3): 353–359. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2007.07.027. PMID 17923143. S2CID 9926758.
den Hollander, Anneke I.; Roepman, Ronald; Koenekoop, Robert K.; Cremers, Frans P.M. (2008). "Leber congenital amaurosis: Genes, proteins and disease mechanisms". Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 27 (4): 391–419. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2008.05.003. PMID 18632300. S2CID 30202286.
Rolling, F. (2004). "Recombinant AAV-mediated gene transfer to the retina: gene therapy perspectives". Gene Therapy. 11 (S1): S26–S32. doi:10.1038/sj.gt.3302366. ISSN 0969-7128. PMID 15454954.
Scarabosio, Anna; Surico, Pier Luigi; Tereshenko, Vlad; Singh, Rohan Bir; Salati, Carlo; Spadea, Leopoldo; Caputo, Glenda; Parodi, Pier Camillo; Gagliano, Caterina; Winograd, Jonathan M.; Zeppieri, Marco (18 June 2024). "Whole-eye transplantation: Current challenges and future perspectives". World Journal of Transplantation. 14 (2) 95009. doi:10.5500/wjt.v14.i2.95009. ISSN 2220-3230. PMC 11212585. PMID 38947970.
Dobson, J. F. (March 1925). "Herophilus of Alexandria". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 18 (Sect_Hist_Med): 19–32. doi:10.1177/003591572501801704. ISSN 0035-9157. PMC 2201994. PMID 19984605.
Fishman, R. S. (1973). "Kepler's Discovery of the Retinal Image". Archives of Ophthalmology. 89 (1): 59–61. doi:10.1001/archopht.1973.01000040061014. PMID 4567856. Retrieved 23 February 2023.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Jozsa F, Hall WA (22 February 2026). "Neuroanatomy: retina". StatPearls, US National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 13 June 2026.
Viegas, Filipe O.; Neuhauss, Stephan C. F. (2021). "A Metabolic Landscape for Maintaining Retina Integrity and Function". Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience. 14 656000. doi:10.3389/fnmol.2021.656000. ISSN 1662-5099. PMC 8081888. PMID 33935647.
Franze K, Grosche J, Skatchkov SN, Schinkinger S, Foja C, Schild D, Uckermann O, Travis K, Reichenbach A, Guck J (2007). "Muller cells are living optical fibers in the vertebrate retina". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104 (20): 8287–8292. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.8287F. doi:10.1073/pnas.0611180104. PMC 1895942. PMID 17485670.
Sperling, L.; Hubbard, R. (1 February 1975). "Squid retinochrome". The Journal of General Physiology. 65 (2): 235–251. doi:10.1085/jgp.65.2.235. ISSN 0022-1295. PMC 2214869. PMID 235007.
Goldberg AF, Moritz OL, Williams DS (2016). "Molecular basis for photoreceptor outer segment architecture". Prog Retin Eye Res. 55: 52–81. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.05.003. PMC 5112118. PMID 27260426.
Arshavsky VY, Burns ME (2012). "Photoreceptor signaling: supporting vision across a wide range of light intensities". J Biol Chem. 287 (3): 1620–1626. doi:10.1074/jbc.R111.305243. PMC 3265842. PMID 22074925.
Sparrow JR, Hicks D, Hamel CP (2010). "The retinal pigment epithelium in health and disease". Curr Mol Med. 10 (9): 802–823. doi:10.2174/156652410793937813. PMC 4120883. PMID 21091424.
Adams, Daniel L.; Horton, Jonathan C. (1 May 2003). "A precise retinotopic map of primate striate cortex generated from the representation of angioscotomas". The Journal of Neuroscience. 23 (9): 3771–3789. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-09-03771.2003. ISSN 1529-2401. PMC 6742198. PMID 12736348.
Heavner, W; Pevny, L (1 December 2012). "Eye development and retinogenesis". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 4 (12) a008391. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a008391. PMC 3504437. PMID 23071378.
Kiel, Jeffrey W. Anatomy. Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences. Archived from the original on 5 December 2017. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
Kaynezhad, Pardis; Tachtsidis, Ilias; Sivaprasad, Sobha; Jeffery, Glen (2023). "Watching the human retina breath in real time and the slowing of mitochondrial respiration with age". Scientific Reports. 13 (1): 6445. Bibcode:2023NatSR..13.6445K. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-32897-7. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 10119193. PMID 37081065.
Sherman, T (1981). "On connecting large vessels to small – the meaning of murray law". Journal of General Physiology. 78 (4): 431–453. doi:10.1085/jgp.78.4.431. PMC 2228620. PMID 7288393.
Louwies, Tijs; Panis, Luc Int; Kicinski, Michal; Boever, Patrick De; Nawrot, Tim S. (2013). "Retinal Microvascular Responses to Short-Term Changes in Particulate Air Pollution in Healthy Adults". Environmental Health Perspectives. 121 (9): 1011–1016. Bibcode:2013EnvHP.121.1011L. PMC 3764070. PMID 23777785.
Adar SD, Klein R, Klein BE, Szpiro AA, Cotch MF, Wong TY, et al. (2010). "Air Pollution and the microvasculature: a crosssectional assessment of in vivo retinal images in the population based multiethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)". PLOS Med. 7 (11) e1000372. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000372. PMC 2994677. PMID 21152417.
Frith, Peggy; Mehta, Arpan R (November 2021). "The retina as a window into the brain". The Lancet Neurology. 20 (11): 892. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00332-X. PMC 7611980. PMID 34687632.
Seidelmann, SB; et al. (1 November 2016). "Retinal Vessel Calibers in Predicting Long-Term Cardiovascular Outcomes". Circulation. 134 (18): 1328–1338. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023425. PMC 5219936. PMID 27682886.
Querques, G; et al. (11 January 2019). "Functional and morphological changes of the retinal vessels in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment". Scientific Reports. 9 (63) 63. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9...63Q. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37271-6. PMC 6329813. PMID 30635610.
Cideciyan A. V.; Hauswirth W. W.; Aleman T. S.; Kaushal S.; Schwartz S. B.; Boye S. L.; Windsor E. A. M.; et al. (2009). "Human RPE65 gene therapy for Leber congenital amaurosis: persistence of early visual improvements and safety at 1 year". Human Gene Therapy. 20 (9): 999–1004. doi:10.1089/hum.2009.086. PMC 2829287. PMID 19583479.
Simonelli F.; Maguire A. M.; Testa F.; Pierce E. A.; Mingozzi F.; Bennicelli J. L.; Rossi S.; et al. (2010). "Gene therapy for Leber's congenital amaurosis is safe and effective through 1.5 years after vector administration". Molecular Therapy. 18 (3): 643–650. doi:10.1038/mt.2009.277. PMC 2839440. PMID 19953081.
Maguire A. M.; Simonelli F.; Pierce E. A.; Pugh E. N.; Mingozzi F.; Bennicelli J.; Banfi S.; et al. (2008). "Safety and efficacy of gene transfer for Leber's congenital amaurosis". The New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (21): 2240–2248. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0802315. PMC 2829748. PMID 18441370.
Maguire A. M.; High K. A.; Auricchio A.; Wright J. F.; Pierce E. A.; Testa F.; Mingozzi F.; et al. (2009). "Age-dependent effects of RPE65 gene therapy for Leber's congenital amaurosis: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial". Lancet. 374 (9701): 1597–1605. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61836-5. PMC 4492302. PMID 19854499.
Hauswirth W. W.; Aleman T. S.; Kaushal S.; Cideciyan A. V.; Schwartz S. B.; Wang L.; Conlon T. J.; et al. (2008). "Treatment of Leber Congenital Amaurosis Due to RPE65Mutations by Ocular Subretinal Injection of Adeno-Associated Virus Gene Vector: Short-Term Results of a Phase I Trial". Human Gene Therapy. 19 (10): 979–990. doi:10.1089/hum.2008.107. PMC 2940541. PMID 18774912.
Ashtari M.; Cyckowski L. L.; Monroe J. F.; Marshall K. A.; Chung D. C.; Auricchio A.; Simonelli F.; et al. (2011). "The human visual cortex responds to gene therapy-mediated recovery of retinal function". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 121 (6): 2160–2168. doi:10.1172/JCI57377. PMC 3104779. PMID 21606598.
Scarabosio, Anna; Surico, Pier Luigi; Tereshenko, Vlad; Singh, Rohan Bir; Salati, Carlo; Spadea, Leopoldo; Caputo, Glenda; Parodi, Pier Camillo; Gagliano, Caterina; Winograd, Jonathan M.; Zeppieri, Marco (18 June 2024). "Whole-eye transplantation: Current challenges and future perspectives". World Journal of Transplantation. 14 (2) 95009. doi:10.5500/wjt.v14.i2.95009. ISSN 2220-3230. PMC 11212585. PMID 38947970.
Dobson, J. F. (March 1925). "Herophilus of Alexandria". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 18 (Sect_Hist_Med): 19–32. doi:10.1177/003591572501801704. ISSN 0035-9157. PMC 2201994. PMID 19984605.

nobelprize.org (Global: 265^th place; English: 450^th place)

"Santiago Ramón y Cajal – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on 6 October 2015. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1967". The Nobel Foundation, Stockholm. 1967. Retrieved 6 October 2026.

nus.edu.sg (Global: 2,453^rd place; English: 1,629^th place)

scholarbank.nus.edu.sg

Wong TY, Knudtson MD, Klein R, Klein BE, Meuer SM, Hubbard LD (2004). "Computer assisted measurement of retinal vessel diameters in the Beaver Dam Eye Study: methodology, correlation between eyes, and effect of refractive errors". Ophthalmology. 111 (6): 1183–1190. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2003.09.039. PMID 15177969.

photobiology.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

"LIGHT-INDUCED DAMAGE to the RETINA". photobiology.info. Retrieved 23 February 2023.

pitt.edu (Global: 1,616^th place; English: 1,079^th place)

webvision.pitt.edu

"Glial cells of the Retina by Helga Kolb – Webvision". Retrieved 30 September 2026.

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

Bawa S.R.; YashRoy R.C. (1972). "Effect of dark and light adaptation on the retina and pecten of chicken". Experimental Eye Research. 13 (1): 92–97. doi:10.1016/0014-4835(72)90129-7. PMID 5060117. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014.
Bawa, S.R.; YashRoy, R.C. (1974). "Structure and function of vulture pecten". Cells Tissues Organs. 89 (3): 473–480. doi:10.1159/000144308. PMID 4428954. Archived from the original on 14 July 2015.

retinawi.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Vogel, Ryan N. (6 May 2026). "When Should You See a Retina Specialist". Retrieved 26 April 2026.

reviewofophthalmology.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Outer Retinal Layers as Predictors of Vision Loss". Review of Ophthalmology.
Boston MA, Filho B, Witkin AJ (15 April 2015). "Outer Retinal Layers as Predictors of Vision Loss". Review of Ophthalmology. Retrieved 7 April 2018.

reviewofoptometry.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Sherman, Jerome; Epshtein, Daniel (15 September 2012). "The ABCs of OCT". Review of Optometry.

rug.nl (Global: 2,629^th place; English: 1,971^st place)

cs.rug.nl

Azzopardi G.; Petkov N. (2011). "Detection of Retinal Vascular Bifurcations by Trainable V4-Like Filters". Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns (PDF). Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 6854. pp. 451–459. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-23672-3_55. ISBN 978-3-642-23671-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2017.
"Retinal fundus images – Ground truth of vascular bifurcations and crossovers". University of Groningen. Retrieved 20 April 2018.

scientificamerican.com (Global: 1,110^th place; English: 817^th place)

Lewis, Tanya. "Doctors Complete First Successful Face and Whole-Eye Transplant". Scientific American. Retrieved 13 April 2026.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Bringmann A, Syrbe S, Görner K, Kacza J, Francke M, Wiedemann P, Reichenbach A (2018). "The primate fovea: Structure, function and development". Prog Retin Eye Res. 66: 49–84. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.03.006. PMID 29609042. S2CID 5045660.
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