Reuse of human excreta (English Wikipedia)

Likoko, E. (2013) Ecological Management of Human Excreta in an Urban Slum: A case study of Mukuru in Kenya. Master's thesis in Sustainable Development at Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden, No. 148, 41 pp.

doi.org

Harder, Robin; Wielemaker, Rosanne; Larsen, Tove A.; Zeeman, Grietje; Öberg, Gunilla (2019-04-18). "Recycling nutrients contained in human excreta to agriculture: Pathways, processes, and products". Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 49 (8): 695–743. Bibcode:2019CREST..49..695H. doi:10.1080/10643389.2018.1558889. ISSN 1064-3389.
Andersson, Kim; Dickin, Sarah; Rosemarin, Arno (2016-12-08). "Towards "Sustainable" Sanitation: Challenges and Opportunities in Urban Areas". Sustainability. 8 (12): 1289. doi:10.3390/su8121289.
Simha, Prithvi; Senecal, Jenna; Nordin, Annika; Lalander, Cecilia; Vinnerås, Björn (2018-10-01). "Alkaline dehydration of anion–exchanged human urine: Volume reduction, nutrient recovery and process optimisation". Water Research. 142: 325–336. Bibcode:2018WatRe.142..325S. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.001. ISSN 0043-1354. PMID 29890480. S2CID 48364901.
Demissie, Natnael; Simha, Prithvi; Lai, Foon Yin; Ahrens, Lutz; Mussabek, Dauren; Desta, Adey; Vinnerås, Björn (2023-08-15). "Degradation of 75 organic micropollutants in fresh human urine and water by UV advanced oxidation process". Water Research. 242: 120221. Bibcode:2023WatRe.24220221D. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2023.120221. ISSN 0043-1354. PMID 37390654. S2CID 259304374.
Simha, Prithvi; Vasiljev, Anastasija; Randall, Dyllon G.; Vinnerås, Björn (2023-06-25). "Factors influencing the recovery of organic nitrogen from fresh human urine dosed with organic/inorganic acids and concentrated by evaporation in ambient conditions". Science of the Total Environment. 879: 163053. Bibcode:2023ScTEn.879p3053S. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163053. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 36966823. S2CID 257752415.
Andriessen, Nienke; Ward, Barbara J.; Strande, Linda (2019). "To char or not to char? Review of technologies to produce solid fuels for resource recovery from faecal sludge". Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development. 9 (2): 210–224. doi:10.2166/washdev.2019.184. ISSN 2043-9083.
Diacono, Mariangela; Montemurro, Francesco (2010). "Long-term effects of organic amendments on soil fertility. A review" (PDF). Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 30 (2): 401–422. doi:10.1051/agro/2009040. ISSN 1774-0746. S2CID 7493884.
Rose, C; Parker, A; Jefferson, B; Cartmell, E (2015). "The Characterization of Feces and Urine: A Review of the Literature to Inform Advanced Treatment Technology". Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 45 (17): 1827–1879. Bibcode:2015CREST..45.1827R. doi:10.1080/10643389.2014.1000761. PMC 4500995. PMID 26246784.
Kirchmann, H.; Pettersson, S. (1995). "Human urine - Chemical composition and fertilizer use efficiency". Fertilizer Research. 40 (2): 149–154. doi:10.1007/bf00750100. ISSN 0167-1731. S2CID 24528286.
Pradhan, Surendra K.; Nerg, Anne-Marja; Sjöblom, Annalena; Holopainen, Jarmo K.; Heinonen-Tanski, Helvi (2007). "Use of Human Urine Fertilizer in Cultivation of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) – Impacts on Chemical, Microbial, and Flavor Quality". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 55 (21): 8657–8663. doi:10.1021/jf0717891. ISSN 0021-8561. PMID 17894454. S2CID 11255276.
Winker, Martina (2009). "Pharmaceutical Residues in Urine and Potential Risks related to Usage as Fertiliser in Agriculture". TUHH. doi:10.15480/882.481.
Wald, Chelsea (10 February 2022). "The urine revolution: how recycling pee could help to save the world". Nature. 602 (7896): 202–206. Bibcode:2022Natur.602..202W. doi:10.1038/d41586-022-00338-6. PMID 35140393. S2CID 246700356.
Maurer, M; Schwegler, P; Larsen, T. A (2003). "Nutrients in urine: Energetic aspects of removal and recovery". Water Science and Technology. 48 (1): 37–46. doi:10.2166/wst.2003.0011. PMID 12926619. S2CID 24913408.
Callisto, Marcos; Molozzi, Joseline; Barbosa, José Lucena Etham (2014). "Eutrophication of Lakes". Eutrophication: Causes, Consequences and Control. pp. 55–71. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7814-6_5. ISBN 978-94-007-7813-9.
Jackson, Louise E; Burger, Martin; Cavagnaro, Timothy R (2008). "Roots, Nitrogen Transformations, and Ecosystem Services". Annual Review of Plant Biology. 59: 341–63. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092932. PMID 18444903. S2CID 6817866.
Bijay-Singh; Yadvinder-Singh; Sekhon, G.S (1995). "Fertilizer-N use efficiency and nitrate pollution of groundwater in developing countries". Journal of Contaminant Hydrology. 20 (3–4): 167–84. Bibcode:1995JCHyd..20..167S. doi:10.1016/0169-7722(95)00067-4.
Knobeloch, Lynda; Salna, Barbara; Hogan, Adam; Postle, Jeffrey; Anderson, Henry (2000). "Blue Babies and Nitrate-Contaminated Well Water". Environmental Health Perspectives. 108 (7): 675–8. doi:10.1289/ehp.00108675. PMC 1638204. PMID 10903623.
Diener, Stefan; Semiyaga, Swaib; Niwagaba, Charles B; Muspratt, Ashley Murray; Gning, Jean Birane; Mbéguéré, Mbaye; Ennin, Joseph Effah; Zurbrugg, Christian; Strande, Linda (2014). "A value proposition: Resource recovery from faecal sludge—Can it be the driver for improved sanitation?". Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 88: 32–8. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.04.005.
Kuntke, P; Sleutels, T.H.J.A; Saakes, M; Buisman, C.J.N (2014). "Hydrogen production and ammonium recovery from urine by a Microbial Electrolysis Cell". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 39 (10): 4771–8. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.10.089.
Kim, Jungwon; Choi, Won Joon K; Choi, Jina; Hoffmann, Michael R; Park, Hyunwoong (2013). "Electrolysis of Urea and Urine for Solar Hydrogen (supplementary material)". Catalysis Today. 199: 2–7. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2012.02.009.
Mohammed, M; Egyir, I.S; Donkor, A.K; Amoah, P; Nyarko, S; Boateng, K.K; Ziwu, C (2017). "Feasibility study for biogas integration into waste treatment plants in Ghana". Egyptian Journal of Petroleum. 26 (3): 695–703. doi:10.1016/j.ejpe.2016.10.004.
Roubík, Hynek; Mazancová, Jana; Banout, Jan; Verner, Vladimír (2016). "Addressing problems at small-scale biogas plants: A case study from central Vietnam". Journal of Cleaner Production. 112: 2784–92. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.09.114.
Roubík, Hynek; Mazancová, Jana; Phung, Le Dinh; Banout, Jan (2018). "Current approach to manure management for small-scale Southeast Asian farmers - Using Vietnamese biogas and non-biogas farms as an example". Renewable Energy. 115: 362–70. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2017.08.068.1
Andriani, Dian; Wresta, Arini; Saepudin, Aep; Prawara, Budi (2015-04-01). "A Review of Recycling of Human Excreta to Energy through Biogas Generation: Indonesia Case". Energy Procedia. 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Energy Engineering and Application (ICSEEA) 2014 Sustainable Energy for Green Mobility. 68: 219–225. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2015.03.250. ISSN 1876-6102.
Gold, Moritz; Tomberlin, Jeffery K.; Diener, Stefan; Zurbrügg, Christian; Mathys, Alexander (2018-12-01). "Decomposition of biowaste macronutrients, microbes, and chemicals in black soldier fly larval treatment: A review". Waste Management. 82: 302–318. Bibcode:2018WaMan..82..302G. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2018.10.022. hdl:20.500.11850/302327. ISSN 0956-053X. PMID 30509593.
Chaudhari, Nitin Kaduba; Song, Min Young; Yu, Jong-Sung (May 2015). "Heteroatom-doped highly porous carbon from human urine". Scientific Reports. 4 (1): 5221. doi:10.1038/srep05221. PMC 4049026. PMID 24909133.
Moya, Berta; Parker, Alison; Sakrabani, Ruben (2019). "Challenges to the use of fertilisers derived from human excreta: The case of vegetable exports from Kenya to Europe and influence of certification systems". Food Policy. 85: 72–78. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2019.05.001.
Liu, Ying; Huang, Ji-kun; Zikhali, Precious (2014-02-01). "Use of Human Excreta as Manure in Rural China". Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 13 (2): 434–442. doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60407-4. ISSN 2095-3119.
Worster, Donald (2017). "The Good Muck: Toward an Excremental History of China". RCC Perspectives: Transformations in Environment and Society. 2. doi:10.5282/rcc/8135.
Carlton, Elizabeth J.; Liu, Yang; Zhong, Bo; Hubbard, Alan; Spear, Robert C. (2015-01-15). "Associations between Schistosomiasis and the Use of Human Waste as an Agricultural Fertilizer in China". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 9 (1): e0003444. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003444. ISSN 1935-2727. PMC 4295866. PMID 25590142.
Diener, Stefan; Semiyaga, Swaib; Niwagaba, Charles B.; Muspratt, Ashley Murray; Gning, Jean Birane; Mbéguéré, Mbaye; Ennin, Joseph Effah; Zurbrugg, Christian; Strande, Linda (2014-07-01). "A value proposition: Resource recovery from faecal sludge—Can it be the driver for improved sanitation?". Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 88: 32–38. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.04.005. ISSN 0921-3449.
Andersson, Elina (2015). "Turning waste into value: Using human urine to enrich soils for sustainable food production in Uganda". Journal of Cleaner Production. 96: 290–8. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.01.070.

eawag.ch

Tilley, Elizabeth; Ulrich, Lukas; Lüthi, Christoph; Reymond, Philippe; Zurbrügg, Chris (2014). "Septic tanks". Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies (2nd ed.). Duebendorf, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag). ISBN 978-3-906484-57-0.
Strande, Linda; Ronteltap, Mariska; Brdjanovic, Damir, eds. (2013). Faecal sludge management: systems approach for implementation and operation. IWA Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78040-472-1.^{[page needed]}

ecfr.gov

"Title 40 - Protection of Environment Chapter I - Environmental Protection Agency, Subchapter 0 - Sewage sludge Part 503 - Standards for the use or disposal of sewage sludge". U.S. Government Publishing Office. Retrieved 3 January 2015.

ecosanres.org

Morgan, Peter (2004). "10. The Usefulness of urine". An Ecological Approach to Sanitation in Africa: A Compilation of Experiences (CD release ed.). Aquamor, Harare, Zimbabwe. Retrieved 6 December 2011.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Shiming, Luo (2002). "The Utilization of Human Excreta in Chinese Agriculture and the Challenge Faced" (PDF). South China Agricultural University, EcoSanRes.

endress.com

"Sludge treatment and disposal - efficient & safe | Endress+Hauser". endress.com. Retrieved 2018-03-14.

environmentandsociety.org

Worster, Donald (2017). "The Good Muck: Toward an Excremental History of China". RCC Perspectives: Transformations in Environment and Society. 2. doi:10.5282/rcc/8135.

epa.gov

water.epa.gov

EPA 832-F-99-066, September 1999 (29 January 2013). "Water Efficiency Technology Fact Sheet Composting Toilets" (PDF). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water. Retrieved 3 January 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

grounds-mag.com

J. B. Sartain (2011). "Food for turf: Slow-release nitrogen". Grounds Maintenance for Golf and Green Industries Professionals (Blog Post). Archived from the original on 2019-10-29. Retrieved 2018-08-27.

gtz.de

www2.gtz.de

J.O. Drangert, Urine separation systems Archived 2014-12-22 at the Wayback Machine

hal.science

Diacono, Mariangela; Montemurro, Francesco (2010). "Long-term effects of organic amendments on soil fertility. A review" (PDF). Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 30 (2): 401–422. doi:10.1051/agro/2009040. ISSN 1774-0746. S2CID 7493884.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Gold, Moritz; Tomberlin, Jeffery K.; Diener, Stefan; Zurbrügg, Christian; Mathys, Alexander (2018-12-01). "Decomposition of biowaste macronutrients, microbes, and chemicals in black soldier fly larval treatment: A review". Waste Management. 82: 302–318. Bibcode:2018WaMan..82..302G. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2018.10.022. hdl:20.500.11850/302327. ISSN 0956-053X. PMID 30509593.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Harder, Robin; Wielemaker, Rosanne; Larsen, Tove A.; Zeeman, Grietje; Öberg, Gunilla (2019-04-18). "Recycling nutrients contained in human excreta to agriculture: Pathways, processes, and products". Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 49 (8): 695–743. Bibcode:2019CREST..49..695H. doi:10.1080/10643389.2018.1558889. ISSN 1064-3389.
Simha, Prithvi; Senecal, Jenna; Nordin, Annika; Lalander, Cecilia; Vinnerås, Björn (2018-10-01). "Alkaline dehydration of anion–exchanged human urine: Volume reduction, nutrient recovery and process optimisation". Water Research. 142: 325–336. Bibcode:2018WatRe.142..325S. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.001. ISSN 0043-1354. PMID 29890480. S2CID 48364901.
Demissie, Natnael; Simha, Prithvi; Lai, Foon Yin; Ahrens, Lutz; Mussabek, Dauren; Desta, Adey; Vinnerås, Björn (2023-08-15). "Degradation of 75 organic micropollutants in fresh human urine and water by UV advanced oxidation process". Water Research. 242: 120221. Bibcode:2023WatRe.24220221D. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2023.120221. ISSN 0043-1354. PMID 37390654. S2CID 259304374.
Simha, Prithvi; Vasiljev, Anastasija; Randall, Dyllon G.; Vinnerås, Björn (2023-06-25). "Factors influencing the recovery of organic nitrogen from fresh human urine dosed with organic/inorganic acids and concentrated by evaporation in ambient conditions". Science of the Total Environment. 879: 163053. Bibcode:2023ScTEn.879p3053S. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163053. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 36966823. S2CID 257752415.
Rose, C; Parker, A; Jefferson, B; Cartmell, E (2015). "The Characterization of Feces and Urine: A Review of the Literature to Inform Advanced Treatment Technology". Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 45 (17): 1827–1879. Bibcode:2015CREST..45.1827R. doi:10.1080/10643389.2014.1000761. PMC 4500995. PMID 26246784.
Wald, Chelsea (10 February 2022). "The urine revolution: how recycling pee could help to save the world". Nature. 602 (7896): 202–206. Bibcode:2022Natur.602..202W. doi:10.1038/d41586-022-00338-6. PMID 35140393. S2CID 246700356.
Bijay-Singh; Yadvinder-Singh; Sekhon, G.S (1995). "Fertilizer-N use efficiency and nitrate pollution of groundwater in developing countries". Journal of Contaminant Hydrology. 20 (3–4): 167–84. Bibcode:1995JCHyd..20..167S. doi:10.1016/0169-7722(95)00067-4.
Gold, Moritz; Tomberlin, Jeffery K.; Diener, Stefan; Zurbrügg, Christian; Mathys, Alexander (2018-12-01). "Decomposition of biowaste macronutrients, microbes, and chemicals in black soldier fly larval treatment: A review". Waste Management. 82: 302–318. Bibcode:2018WaMan..82..302G. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2018.10.022. hdl:20.500.11850/302327. ISSN 0956-053X. PMID 30509593.

iees.ch

Håkan Jönsson (2001-10-01). "Urine Separation — Swedish Experiences". EcoEng Newsletter 1. Archived from the original on 2009-04-27. Retrieved 2009-04-19.

issuu.com

Canaday, Chris (December 21, 2016). "Suggestions for sustainable sanitation". Issuu. Archived from the original on 2021-07-28. Retrieved 2022-02-17.

iwaponline.com

Andriessen, Nienke; Ward, Barbara J.; Strande, Linda (2019). "To char or not to char? Review of technologies to produce solid fuels for resource recovery from faecal sludge". Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development. 9 (2): 210–224. doi:10.2166/washdev.2019.184. ISSN 2043-9083.

jstor.org

Vines, H. M.; Wedding, R. T. (1960). "Some Effects of Ammonia on Plant Metabolism and a Possible Mechanism for Ammonia Toxicity". Plant Physiology. 35 (6): 820–825. ISSN 0032-0889.
Freney, J.R.; Simpson, J.R.; Denmead, O.T. (1981). "Ammonia Volatilization". Ecological Bulletins (33): 291–302. ISSN 0346-6868.

lib4ri.ch

dora.lib4ri.ch

Diener, Stefan; Semiyaga, Swaib; Niwagaba, Charles B; Muspratt, Ashley Murray; Gning, Jean Birane; Mbéguéré, Mbaye; Ennin, Joseph Effah; Zurbrugg, Christian; Strande, Linda (2014). "A value proposition: Resource recovery from faecal sludge—Can it be the driver for improved sanitation?". Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 88: 32–8. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.04.005.

liquidgoldbook.com

Steinfeld, Carol (2004). Liquid Gold: The Lore and Logic of Using Urine to Grow Plants. Ecowaters Books. ISBN 978-0-9666783-1-4.^{[page needed]}

melica.se

Ganrot, Zsofia (2005). Ph.D. Thesis: Urine processing for efficient nutrient recovery and reuse in agriculture (PDF). Goteborg, Sweden: Goteborg University. p. 170.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Simha, Prithvi; Senecal, Jenna; Nordin, Annika; Lalander, Cecilia; Vinnerås, Björn (2018-10-01). "Alkaline dehydration of anion–exchanged human urine: Volume reduction, nutrient recovery and process optimisation". Water Research. 142: 325–336. Bibcode:2018WatRe.142..325S. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.001. ISSN 0043-1354. PMID 29890480. S2CID 48364901.
Demissie, Natnael; Simha, Prithvi; Lai, Foon Yin; Ahrens, Lutz; Mussabek, Dauren; Desta, Adey; Vinnerås, Björn (2023-08-15). "Degradation of 75 organic micropollutants in fresh human urine and water by UV advanced oxidation process". Water Research. 242: 120221. Bibcode:2023WatRe.24220221D. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2023.120221. ISSN 0043-1354. PMID 37390654. S2CID 259304374.
Simha, Prithvi; Vasiljev, Anastasija; Randall, Dyllon G.; Vinnerås, Björn (2023-06-25). "Factors influencing the recovery of organic nitrogen from fresh human urine dosed with organic/inorganic acids and concentrated by evaporation in ambient conditions". Science of the Total Environment. 879: 163053. Bibcode:2023ScTEn.879p3053S. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163053. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 36966823. S2CID 257752415.
Rose, C; Parker, A; Jefferson, B; Cartmell, E (2015). "The Characterization of Feces and Urine: A Review of the Literature to Inform Advanced Treatment Technology". Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 45 (17): 1827–1879. Bibcode:2015CREST..45.1827R. doi:10.1080/10643389.2014.1000761. PMC 4500995. PMID 26246784.
Pradhan, Surendra K.; Nerg, Anne-Marja; Sjöblom, Annalena; Holopainen, Jarmo K.; Heinonen-Tanski, Helvi (2007). "Use of Human Urine Fertilizer in Cultivation of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) – Impacts on Chemical, Microbial, and Flavor Quality". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 55 (21): 8657–8663. doi:10.1021/jf0717891. ISSN 0021-8561. PMID 17894454. S2CID 11255276.
Wald, Chelsea (10 February 2022). "The urine revolution: how recycling pee could help to save the world". Nature. 602 (7896): 202–206. Bibcode:2022Natur.602..202W. doi:10.1038/d41586-022-00338-6. PMID 35140393. S2CID 246700356.
Maurer, M; Schwegler, P; Larsen, T. A (2003). "Nutrients in urine: Energetic aspects of removal and recovery". Water Science and Technology. 48 (1): 37–46. doi:10.2166/wst.2003.0011. PMID 12926619. S2CID 24913408.
Jackson, Louise E; Burger, Martin; Cavagnaro, Timothy R (2008). "Roots, Nitrogen Transformations, and Ecosystem Services". Annual Review of Plant Biology. 59: 341–63. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092932. PMID 18444903. S2CID 6817866.
Knobeloch, Lynda; Salna, Barbara; Hogan, Adam; Postle, Jeffrey; Anderson, Henry (2000). "Blue Babies and Nitrate-Contaminated Well Water". Environmental Health Perspectives. 108 (7): 675–8. doi:10.1289/ehp.00108675. PMC 1638204. PMID 10903623.
Gold, Moritz; Tomberlin, Jeffery K.; Diener, Stefan; Zurbrügg, Christian; Mathys, Alexander (2018-12-01). "Decomposition of biowaste macronutrients, microbes, and chemicals in black soldier fly larval treatment: A review". Waste Management. 82: 302–318. Bibcode:2018WaMan..82..302G. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2018.10.022. hdl:20.500.11850/302327. ISSN 0956-053X. PMID 30509593.
Chaudhari, Nitin Kaduba; Song, Min Young; Yu, Jong-Sung (May 2015). "Heteroatom-doped highly porous carbon from human urine". Scientific Reports. 4 (1): 5221. doi:10.1038/srep05221. PMC 4049026. PMID 24909133.
Carlton, Elizabeth J.; Liu, Yang; Zhong, Bo; Hubbard, Alan; Spear, Robert C. (2015-01-15). "Associations between Schistosomiasis and the Use of Human Waste as an Agricultural Fertilizer in China". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 9 (1): e0003444. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003444. ISSN 1935-2727. PMC 4295866. PMID 25590142.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Rose, C; Parker, A; Jefferson, B; Cartmell, E (2015). "The Characterization of Feces and Urine: A Review of the Literature to Inform Advanced Treatment Technology". Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 45 (17): 1827–1879. Bibcode:2015CREST..45.1827R. doi:10.1080/10643389.2014.1000761. PMC 4500995. PMID 26246784.
Knobeloch, Lynda; Salna, Barbara; Hogan, Adam; Postle, Jeffrey; Anderson, Henry (2000). "Blue Babies and Nitrate-Contaminated Well Water". Environmental Health Perspectives. 108 (7): 675–8. doi:10.1289/ehp.00108675. PMC 1638204. PMID 10903623.
Chaudhari, Nitin Kaduba; Song, Min Young; Yu, Jong-Sung (May 2015). "Heteroatom-doped highly porous carbon from human urine". Scientific Reports. 4 (1): 5221. doi:10.1038/srep05221. PMC 4049026. PMID 24909133.
Carlton, Elizabeth J.; Liu, Yang; Zhong, Bo; Hubbard, Alan; Spear, Robert C. (2015-01-15). "Associations between Schistosomiasis and the Use of Human Waste as an Agricultural Fertilizer in China". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 9 (1): e0003444. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003444. ISSN 1935-2727. PMC 4295866. PMID 25590142.

nofa.org

"NOFA Interstate Council: The Natural Farmer. Ecologically Sound Nitrogen Management. Mark Schonbeck". Nofa.org. 25 February 2004. Archived from the original on 24 March 2004. Retrieved 25 August 2010.

ostara.com

"Ostara Nutrient Management Solutions". Ostara, Vancouver, Canada. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.

oursoil.org

Erica Lloyd, "Safety First: The New and Improved SOIL Lab", "SOIL blog", February 2, 2014

researchgate.net

Jönsson, H., Richert Stintzing, A., Vinnerås, B. and Salomon, E. (2004) Guidelines on the use of urine and faeces in crop production, EcoSanRes Publications Series, Report 2004-2, Sweden [This source seems to truncate the Jönsson & Vinnerås (2004) table by omitting the potassium row. The full version may be found at the original source at RG#285858813]

reuters.com

"Sewage yields more gold than top mines". Reuters. 2009-01-30. Retrieved 2016-02-27.

richearthinstitute.org

"Urine in my garden" (PDF). Rich Earth Institute. Minimize odors by adding white vinegar or citric acid to the urine collection container before any urine is added. We use 1-2 cups of white vinegar or 1 tablespoon of citric acid per 5-gallon container. Adding vinegar also helps reduce nitrogen loss (via ammonia volatilization) during short-term storage.

sciencedirect.com

Simha, Prithvi; Senecal, Jenna; Nordin, Annika; Lalander, Cecilia; Vinnerås, Björn (2018-10-01). "Alkaline dehydration of anion–exchanged human urine: Volume reduction, nutrient recovery and process optimisation". Water Research. 142: 325–336. Bibcode:2018WatRe.142..325S. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.001. ISSN 0043-1354. PMID 29890480. S2CID 48364901.
Simha, Prithvi; Senecal, Jenna; Gustavsson, David J. I.; Vinnerås, Björn (2020-01-01), Kataki, Rupam; Pandey, Ashok; Khanal, Samir Kumar; Pant, Deepak (eds.), "Chapter 9 - Resource recovery from wastewater: a new approach with alkaline dehydration of urine at source", Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Elsevier, pp. 205–221, ISBN 978-0-444-64309-4, retrieved 2023-11-09
Demissie, Natnael; Simha, Prithvi; Lai, Foon Yin; Ahrens, Lutz; Mussabek, Dauren; Desta, Adey; Vinnerås, Björn (2023-08-15). "Degradation of 75 organic micropollutants in fresh human urine and water by UV advanced oxidation process". Water Research. 242: 120221. Bibcode:2023WatRe.24220221D. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2023.120221. ISSN 0043-1354. PMID 37390654. S2CID 259304374.
Simha, Prithvi; Vasiljev, Anastasija; Randall, Dyllon G.; Vinnerås, Björn (2023-06-25). "Factors influencing the recovery of organic nitrogen from fresh human urine dosed with organic/inorganic acids and concentrated by evaporation in ambient conditions". Science of the Total Environment. 879: 163053. Bibcode:2023ScTEn.879p3053S. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163053. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 36966823. S2CID 257752415.

scientificamerican.com

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