Bergmann, Birgit; Epple, Moritz; and Ungar, Ruti. Transcending Tradition: Jewish Mathematicians in German Speaking Academic Culture, p. 54. Springer, 2012. ISBN3642224636. Accessed February 25, 2013. "Schur's disciple Alfred Brauer was the last Jewish mathematician who managed to complete his habilitation and become Privatdozent at the University of Berlin before the Nazi regime began. Brauer escaped to the USA in 1939, joining his brother Richard (1901–1977) who had fled in 1933."