Robert Sengstacke Abbott (English Wikipedia)

Rutkoff, Peter M.; Scott, William B (2004). "Pinkster in Chicago: Bud Billiken and The Mayor of Bronzeville, 19030–1945". The Journal of African American History. 89 (4): 15. doi:10.2307/4134057. JSTOR 4134057. S2CID 144348141.
Lochard 1947, p. 125. Lochard, Metz T. P. (1947). "Phylon Profile, XII: Robert S. Abbott – 'Race Leader'". Phylon. 8 (2): 124–132. doi:10.2307/271719. JSTOR 271719.
"Robert Sengstacke Abbott". The Journal of Negro History. 25 (2): 261–262. 1940. doi:10.1086/JNHv25n2p261. JSTOR 2714613. S2CID 224834282.
Lewis, Cecil T. (1956). "The Paradoxical Abbott". Phylon. 17 (2): 193. doi:10.2307/272594. JSTOR 272594.
Lochard 1947, pp. 128–129. Lochard, Metz T. P. (1947). "Phylon Profile, XII: Robert S. Abbott – 'Race Leader'". Phylon. 8 (2): 124–132. doi:10.2307/271719. JSTOR 271719.
Lochard 1947, p. 129. Lochard, Metz T. P. (1947). "Phylon Profile, XII: Robert S. Abbott – 'Race Leader'". Phylon. 8 (2): 124–132. doi:10.2307/271719. JSTOR 271719.

ilprincehall.com

Rutkoff, Peter M.; Scott, William B (2004). "Pinkster in Chicago: Bud Billiken and The Mayor of Bronzeville, 19030–1945". The Journal of African American History. 89 (4): 15. doi:10.2307/4134057. JSTOR 4134057. S2CID 144348141.
Lochard 1947, p. 125. Lochard, Metz T. P. (1947). "Phylon Profile, XII: Robert S. Abbott – 'Race Leader'". Phylon. 8 (2): 124–132. doi:10.2307/271719. JSTOR 271719.
"Robert Sengstacke Abbott". The Journal of Negro History. 25 (2): 261–262. 1940. doi:10.1086/JNHv25n2p261. JSTOR 2714613. S2CID 224834282.
Lewis, Cecil T. (1956). "The Paradoxical Abbott". Phylon. 17 (2): 193. doi:10.2307/272594. JSTOR 272594.
Lochard 1947, pp. 128–129. Lochard, Metz T. P. (1947). "Phylon Profile, XII: Robert S. Abbott – 'Race Leader'". Phylon. 8 (2): 124–132. doi:10.2307/271719. JSTOR 271719.
Lochard 1947, p. 129. Lochard, Metz T. P. (1947). "Phylon Profile, XII: Robert S. Abbott – 'Race Leader'". Phylon. 8 (2): 124–132. doi:10.2307/271719. JSTOR 271719.

Wintz & Finkelm (2004), Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance, Routledge, p. 1, ISBN 978-1579583897, OL 8758436M, 157958389X

Rutkoff, Peter M.; Scott, William B (2004). "Pinkster in Chicago: Bud Billiken and The Mayor of Bronzeville, 19030–1945". The Journal of African American History. 89 (4): 15. doi:10.2307/4134057. JSTOR 4134057. S2CID 144348141.
"Robert Sengstacke Abbott". The Journal of Negro History. 25 (2): 261–262. 1940. doi:10.1086/JNHv25n2p261. JSTOR 2714613. S2CID 224834282.

"Chicago Defender – John Sengstacke". Archived from the original on November 18, 2018. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
"Bud Billiken Parade history: How it all got started". Chicago defender. August 5, 2008. Archived from the original on September 9, 2018.

Dray, Philip (2002). At the Hands of Persons Unknown: The Lynching of Black America. New York City: Modern Library. pp. 224. ISBN 978-0375754456. OCLC 51330092.
Ottley 1955, p. 160. Ottley, Roi (1955). The Lonely Warrior: The Life and Times of Robert S. Abbott. Henry Regnery. OCLC 612885392.
Ottley 1955, p. 126. Ottley, Roi (1955). The Lonely Warrior: The Life and Times of Robert S. Abbott. Henry Regnery. OCLC 612885392.
Ottley 1955, p. 13. Ottley, Roi (1955). The Lonely Warrior: The Life and Times of Robert S. Abbott. Henry Regnery. OCLC 612885392.