Hunicke, Robin; LeBlanc, Marc; Zubek, Robert (2004). MDA: A Formal Approach to Game Design and Game Research(PDF). AAAI Workshop on Challenges in Game AI. San Jose, California: AAAI Press. Archived from the original(PDF) on September 28, 2013. Retrieved August 29, 2025.
Hunicke, Robin; LeBlanc, Marc; Zubek, Robert (2004). MDA: A Formal Approach to Game Design and Game Research(PDF). AAAI Workshop on Challenges in Game AI. San Jose, California: AAAI Press. Archived from the original(PDF) on September 28, 2013. Retrieved August 29, 2025.