Robotics (English Wikipedia)

Roozing, Wesley; Li, Zhibin; Tsagarakis, Nikos; Caldwell, Darwin (2016). "Design Optimisation and Control of Compliant Actuation Arrangements in Articulated Robots for Improved Energy Efficiency". IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters. 1 (2): 1110–1117. Bibcode:2016IRAL....1.1110R. doi:10.1109/LRA.2016.2521926. S2CID 1940410.
Otake, Mihoko; Kagami, Yoshiharu; Ishikawa, Kohei; Inaba, Masayuki; Inoue, Hirochika (6 April 2001). Wilson, Alan R.; Asanuma, Hiroshi (eds.). "Shape design of gel robots made of electroactive polymer gel". Smart Materials. 4234: 194–202. Bibcode:2001SPIE.4234..194O. doi:10.1117/12.424407. S2CID 30357330.
Furnémont, Raphaël; Mathijssen, Glenn; Verstraten, Tom; Lefeber, Dirk; Vanderborght, Bram (27 January 2016). "Bi-directional series-parallel elastic actuator and overlap of the actuation layers" (PDF). Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 11 (1) 016005. Bibcode:2016BiBi...11a6005F. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/11/1/016005. PMID 26813145. S2CID 37031990. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-01. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
Madden, John D. (16 November 2007). "Mobile Robots: Motor Challenges and Materials Solutions". Science. 318 (5853): 1094–1097. Bibcode:2007Sci...318.1094M. doi:10.1126/science.1146351. PMID 18006737. S2CID 52827127.
Collins, Steve; Ruina, Andy; Tedrake, Russ; Wisse, Martijn (18 February 2005). "Efficient Bipedal Robots Based on Passive-Dynamic Walkers". Science. 307 (5712): 1082–1085. Bibcode:2005Sci...307.1082C. doi:10.1126/science.1107799. PMID 15718465. S2CID 1315227.
Shin, Won Dong; Park, Jaejun; Park, Hae-Won (1 September 2019). "Development and experiments of a bio-inspired robot with multi-mode in aerial and terrestrial locomotion". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 14 (5): 056009. Bibcode:2019BiBi...14e6009S. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/ab2ab7. ISSN 1748-3182. PMID 31212268. S2CID 195066183.
Daler, Ludovic; Mintchev, Stefano; Stefanini, Cesare; Floreano, Dario (19 January 2015). "A bioinspired multi-modal flying and walking robot". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 10 (1) 016005. Bibcode:2015BiBi...10a6005D. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/10/1/016005. ISSN 1748-3190. PMID 25599118. S2CID 11132948.
Savastano, E.; Perez-Sanchez, V.; Arrue, B.C.; Ollero, A. (July 2022). "High-Performance Morphing Wing for Large-Scale Bio-Inspired Unmanned Aerial Vehicles". IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters. 7 (3): 8076–8083. Bibcode:2022IRAL....7.8076S. doi:10.1109/LRA.2022.3185389. ISSN 2377-3766. S2CID 250008824.
Kilian, Lukas; Shahid, Farzeen; Zhao, Jing-Shan; Nayeri, Christian Navid (1 July 2022). "Bioinspired morphing wings: mechanical design and wind tunnel experiments". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 17 (4): 046019. Bibcode:2022BiBi...17d6019K. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/ac72e1. ISSN 1748-3182. PMID 35609562. S2CID 249045806.
Phan, Hoang Vu; Park, Hoon Cheol (4 December 2020). "Mechanisms of collision recovery in flying beetles and flapping-wing robots". Science. 370 (6521): 1214–1219. Bibcode:2020Sci...370.1214P. doi:10.1126/science.abd3285. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 33273101. S2CID 227257247.
Balta, Miquel; Deb, Dipan; Taha, Haithem E (26 October 2021). "Flow visualization and force measurement of the clapping effect in bio-inspired flying robots". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 16 (6): 066020. Bibcode:2021BiBi...16f6020B. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/ac2b00. ISSN 1748-3182. PMID 34584023. S2CID 238217893.
Sfakiotakis, M.; Lane, D. M.; Davies, J. B. C. (April 1999). "Review of fish swimming modes for aquatic locomotion". IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. 24 (2): 237–252. Bibcode:1999IJOE...24..237S. doi:10.1109/48.757275. S2CID 17226211.
Jaulin, Luc; Le Bars, Fabrice (February 2013). "An Interval Approach for Stability Analysis: Application to Sailboat Robotics". IEEE Transactions on Robotics. 29 (1): 282–287. Bibcode:2013ITRob..29..282J. doi:10.1109/TRO.2012.2217794. S2CID 4977937.
Ray, Partha Pratim (2016). "Internet of Robotic Things: Concept, Technologies, and Challenges". IEEE Access. 4: 9489–9500. Bibcode:2016IEEEA...4.9489R. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2647747. ISSN 2169-3536. S2CID 9273802.
Li, Ling Hua; Du, Ji Fang (December 2012). "Visual Based Hand Gesture Recognition Systems". Applied Mechanics and Materials. 263–266: 2422–2425. Bibcode:2012AMM...263.2422L. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.263-266.2422. S2CID 62744240.

afim-asso.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

smc.afim-asso.org

Bowles, Tristan; Pauletto, Sandra (2010). Emotions in the Voice: Humanising a Robotic Voice (PDF). Proceedings of the 7th Sound and Music Computing Conference. Barcelona. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-02-10. Retrieved 2023-03-15.

amazon.science (Global: low place; English: low place)

"How Amazon Robotics is working on new ways to eliminate the need for barcodes". Amazon Science. 9 December 2022. Retrieved 2026-03-21.

andyrobot.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Extolling Life with Robot Animator". andyRobot. 2023. Retrieved 2026-06-26.

anybots.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"About the Robots". Anybots. Archived from the original on 2007-09-09. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
"Anything, Anytime, Anywhere". Anybots. Archived from the original on 2007-10-27. Retrieved 2007-10-23.

archive-it.org (Global: 1,292^nd place; English: 869^th place)

wayback.archive-it.org

"New Scientist: A good robot has personality but not looks" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-09-29.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Arreguin, Juan (2008). Automation and Robotics. Vienna, Austria: I-Tech and Publishing.
Müller, Christopher (2023). World Robotics 2023 – Industrial Robots. Frankfurt, Germany: IFR Statistical Department, VDMA Services GmbH.

armradio.am (Global: 9,859^th place; English: 8,520^th place)

en.armradio.am

"Armenian Robin the Robot to comfort kids at U.S. clinics starting July". Public Radio of Armenia. Archived from the original on 2021-05-13. Retrieved 2021-05-13.

ati-ia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What is a robotic end-effector?". ATI Industrial Automation. 2007. Archived from the original on 2020-12-17. Retrieved 2007-10-16.

automationworld.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Pinto, Jim (1 October 2003). "Fully automated factories approach reality". Automation World. Archived from the original on 2011-10-01. Retrieved 2018-12-03.

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

Eyre, Michael (12 September 2014). "'Boris' the robot can load up dishwasher". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2020-12-21. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
Chia, Osmond (29 July 2026). "Trump administration bans new Chinese humanoid robots". BBC. Retrieved 2026-08-20.

bipedalrobotics.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"AMBER Lab". Archived from the original on 2020-11-25. Retrieved 2012-01-23.

boeing.com (Global: 1,664^th place; English: 1,611^th place)

"Testing the Limits" (PDF). Boeing. p. 29. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-12-15. Retrieved 2008-04-09.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Lee, C S. G.; Fu, K. S.; Gonzalez, Ralph (1987). Robotics: Control Sensing. Vis. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-026510-3. Archived from the original on 2023-03-15. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
Kagan, Eugene; Ben-Gal, Irad (2015). Search and foraging: individual motion and swarm dynamics. Chapman and Hall/CRC. ISBN 978-1-4822-4210-2. Archived from the original on 2023-03-15. Retrieved 2020-08-26.
Hunt, V. Daniel (1985). "Smart Robots". Smart Robots: A Handbook of Intelligent Robotic Systems. Chapman and Hall. p. 141. ISBN 978-1-4613-2533-8. Archived from the original on 2023-03-15. Retrieved 2018-12-04.
Agarwal, P. K. Elements of Physics XI. Rastogi Publications. p. 2. ISBN 978-81-7133-911-2. Archived from the original on 2013-10-09. Retrieved 2015-10-18.

bostonglobe.com (Global: 657^th place; English: 344^th place)

Kirsner, Scott (27 January 2023). "Robots in the kitchen? Local engineers are making it a reality". The Boston Globe.

botjunkie.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Spherical Robot Can Climb Over Obstacles". BotJunkie. Archived from the original on 2012-03-28. Retrieved 2010-11-27.
"OrbSwarm Gets A Brain". BotJunkie. 11 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2012-05-16. Retrieved 2010-11-27.
"Rolling Orbital Bluetooth Operated Thing". BotJunkie. Archived from the original on 2012-03-28. Retrieved 2010-11-27.

calcalistech.com (Global: low place; English: 6,949^th place)

"'We are marching towards a ChatGPT moment': Unitree CEO sees robots nearing AI breakthrough". CTech. Reuters. 20 August 2026. Retrieved 2026-08-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

Crane, Carl D.; Joseph Duffy (1998). Kinematic Analysis of Robot Manipulators. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-57063-3. Archived from the original on 2020-04-02. Retrieved 2007-10-16.

cmu.edu (Global: 2,125^th place; English: 1,347^th place)

cmu.edu

"Carnegie Mellon Researchers Develop New Type of Mobile Robot That Balances and Moves on a Ball Instead of Legs or Wheels" (Press release). Carnegie Mellon. 9 August 2006. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2007-10-20.
Lindahl, Mallory (9 July 2026). "CMU Researchers Build Missing Infrastructure to Move AI Between Robots - News". Carnegie Mellon University. Retrieved 2026-09-05.

cs.cmu.edu

Dowling, Kevin. "Power Sources for Small Robots" (PDF). Carnegie Mellon University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-11-25. Retrieved 2012-05-11.

cnbc.com (Global: 303^rd place; English: 191^st place)

Kolodny, Lora (4 July 2017). "Robots are coming to a burger joint near you". CNBC. Archived from the original on 2020-12-05. Retrieved 2018-12-03.

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

This AI-powered robot is reimagining traditional ink paintings. CNN. 15 March 2026. Retrieved 2026-03-16.

colorado.edu (Global: 2,916^th place; English: 1,912^th place)

engineering.colorado.edu

"Senior Design Projects | College of Engineering & Applied Science| University of Colorado at Boulder". Engineering.colorado.edu. 30 April 2008. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2010-11-27.

consumerreports.org (Global: 6,864^th place; English: 4,243^rd place)

Rodriguez, Jodhaira (1 January 2026). "Best Robotic Lawn Mowers, Tested by Our Experts". Consumer Reports. Retrieved 2026-04-28.

cyberneticzoo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"A history of cybernetic animals and early robots". cyberneticzoo.com. p. 135. Archived from the original on 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2019-05-28.

dnb.de (Global: 847^th place; English: 8,579^th place)

portal.dnb.de

"German National Library". International classification system of the German National Library (GND). Archived from the original on 2020-08-19.

dndkm.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Technology Advanced Search". D&D Knowledge Management Information Tool. Archived from the original on 2020-08-06.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Roozing, Wesley; Li, Zhibin; Tsagarakis, Nikos; Caldwell, Darwin (2016). "Design Optimisation and Control of Compliant Actuation Arrangements in Articulated Robots for Improved Energy Efficiency". IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters. 1 (2): 1110–1117. Bibcode:2016IRAL....1.1110R. doi:10.1109/LRA.2016.2521926. S2CID 1940410.
Nishibori; et al. (2003). "Robot Hand with Fingers Using Vibration-Type Ultrasonic Motors (Driving Characteristics)". Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics. 15 (6): 588–595. doi:10.20965/jrm.2003.p0588.
Otake, Mihoko; Kagami, Yoshiharu; Ishikawa, Kohei; Inaba, Masayuki; Inoue, Hirochika (6 April 2001). Wilson, Alan R.; Asanuma, Hiroshi (eds.). "Shape design of gel robots made of electroactive polymer gel". Smart Materials. 4234: 194–202. Bibcode:2001SPIE.4234..194O. doi:10.1117/12.424407. S2CID 30357330.
Pratt, G. A.; Williamson, M. M. (1995). "Series elastic actuators". Proceedings 1995 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. Human-Robot Interaction and Cooperative Robots. Vol. 1. pp. 399–406. doi:10.1109/IROS.1995.525827. hdl:1721.1/36966. ISBN 0-8186-7108-4. S2CID 17120394.
Furnémont, Raphaël; Mathijssen, Glenn; Verstraten, Tom; Lefeber, Dirk; Vanderborght, Bram (27 January 2016). "Bi-directional series-parallel elastic actuator and overlap of the actuation layers" (PDF). Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 11 (1) 016005. Bibcode:2016BiBi...11a6005F. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/11/1/016005. PMID 26813145. S2CID 37031990. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-01. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
Pratt, Jerry E.; Krupp, Benjamin T. (2004). "Series Elastic Actuators for legged robots". In Gerhart, Grant R; Shoemaker, Chuck M; Gage, Douglas W (eds.). Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VI. Vol. 5422. pp. 135–144. doi:10.1117/12.548000. S2CID 16586246.
Li, Zhibin; Tsagarakis, Nikos; Caldwell, Darwin (2013). "Walking Pattern Generation for a Humanoid Robot with Compliant Joints". Autonomous Robots. 35 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1007/s10514-013-9330-7. S2CID 624563.
Calanca, Andrea; Muradore, Riccardo; Fiorini, Paolo (November 2017). "Impedance control of series elastic actuators: Passivity and acceleration-based control". Mechatronics. 47: 37–48. doi:10.1016/j.mechatronics.2017.08.010.
Tondu, Bertrand (2012). "Modelling of the McKibben artificial muscle: A review". Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures. 23 (3): 225–253. doi:10.1177/1045389X11435435. S2CID 136854390.
Madden, John D. (16 November 2007). "Mobile Robots: Motor Challenges and Materials Solutions". Science. 318 (5853): 1094–1097. Bibcode:2007Sci...318.1094M. doi:10.1126/science.1146351. PMID 18006737. S2CID 52827127.
Collins, Steve; Ruina, Andy; Tedrake, Russ; Wisse, Martijn (18 February 2005). "Efficient Bipedal Robots Based on Passive-Dynamic Walkers". Science. 307 (5712): 1082–1085. Bibcode:2005Sci...307.1082C. doi:10.1126/science.1107799. PMID 15718465. S2CID 1315227.
Collins, S. H.; Ruina, A. (2005). "A Bipedal Walking Robot with Efficient and Human-Like Gait". Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. pp. 1983–1988. doi:10.1109/ROBOT.2005.1570404. ISBN 0-7803-8914-X. S2CID 15145353.
Zhang, Jun; Zhao, Ning; Qu, Feiyang (15 November 2022). "Bio-inspired flapping wing robots with foldable or deformable wings: a review". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 18 (1): 011002. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/ac9ef5. ISSN 1748-3182. PMID 36317380. S2CID 253246037.
Shin, Won Dong; Park, Jaejun; Park, Hae-Won (1 September 2019). "Development and experiments of a bio-inspired robot with multi-mode in aerial and terrestrial locomotion". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 14 (5): 056009. Bibcode:2019BiBi...14e6009S. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/ab2ab7. ISSN 1748-3182. PMID 31212268. S2CID 195066183.
Ramezani, Alireza; Shi, Xichen; Chung, Soon-Jo; Hutchinson, Seth (May 2016). "Bat Bot (B2), a biologically inspired flying machine". 2016 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). Stockholm, Sweden: IEEE. pp. 3219–3226. doi:10.1109/ICRA.2016.7487491. ISBN 978-1-4673-8026-3. S2CID 8581750.
Daler, Ludovic; Mintchev, Stefano; Stefanini, Cesare; Floreano, Dario (19 January 2015). "A bioinspired multi-modal flying and walking robot". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 10 (1) 016005. Bibcode:2015BiBi...10a6005D. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/10/1/016005. ISSN 1748-3190. PMID 25599118. S2CID 11132948.
Savastano, E.; Perez-Sanchez, V.; Arrue, B.C.; Ollero, A. (July 2022). "High-Performance Morphing Wing for Large-Scale Bio-Inspired Unmanned Aerial Vehicles". IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters. 7 (3): 8076–8083. Bibcode:2022IRAL....7.8076S. doi:10.1109/LRA.2022.3185389. ISSN 2377-3766. S2CID 250008824.
Grant, Daniel T.; Abdulrahim, Mujahid; Lind, Rick (June 2010). "Flight Dynamics of a Morphing Aircraft Utilizing Independent Multiple-Joint Wing Sweep". International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles. 2 (2): 91–106. doi:10.1260/1756-8293.2.2.91. ISSN 1756-8293. S2CID 110577545.
Kilian, Lukas; Shahid, Farzeen; Zhao, Jing-Shan; Nayeri, Christian Navid (1 July 2022). "Bioinspired morphing wings: mechanical design and wind tunnel experiments". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 17 (4): 046019. Bibcode:2022BiBi...17d6019K. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/ac72e1. ISSN 1748-3182. PMID 35609562. S2CID 249045806.
Phan, Hoang Vu; Park, Hoon Cheol (4 December 2020). "Mechanisms of collision recovery in flying beetles and flapping-wing robots". Science. 370 (6521): 1214–1219. Bibcode:2020Sci...370.1214P. doi:10.1126/science.abd3285. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 33273101. S2CID 227257247.
Hu, Zheng; McCauley, Raymond; Schaeffer, Steve; Deng, Xinyan (May 2009). "Aerodynamics of dragonfly flight and robotic design". 2009 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. pp. 3061–3066. doi:10.1109/ROBOT.2009.5152760. ISBN 978-1-4244-2788-8. S2CID 12291429.
Balta, Miquel; Deb, Dipan; Taha, Haithem E (26 October 2021). "Flow visualization and force measurement of the clapping effect in bio-inspired flying robots". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 16 (6): 066020. Bibcode:2021BiBi...16f6020B. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/ac2b00. ISSN 1748-3182. PMID 34584023. S2CID 238217893.
Sfakiotakis, M.; Lane, D. M.; Davies, J. B. C. (April 1999). "Review of fish swimming modes for aquatic locomotion". IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. 24 (2): 237–252. Bibcode:1999IJOE...24..237S. doi:10.1109/48.757275. S2CID 17226211.
Jaulin, Luc; Le Bars, Fabrice (February 2013). "An Interval Approach for Stability Analysis: Application to Sailboat Robotics". IEEE Transactions on Robotics. 29 (1): 282–287. Bibcode:2013ITRob..29..282J. doi:10.1109/TRO.2012.2217794. S2CID 4977937.
Mason, Matthew T. (2001). Mechanics of Robotic Manipulation. doi:10.7551/mitpress/4527.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-262-25662-9. S2CID 5260407.
Tijsma, H. A.; Liefhebber, F.; Herder, J. L. (2005). "Evaluation of New User Interface Features for the MANUS Robot Arm". 9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005. pp. 258–263. doi:10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501097. ISBN 0-7803-9003-2. S2CID 36445389.
Corke, Peter (2017). Robotics, Vision and Control. Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics. Vol. 118. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54413-7. ISBN 978-3-319-54412-0. ISSN 1610-7438. Archived from the original on 2022-10-20. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
Brogårdh, Torgny (January 2007). "Present and future robot control development—An industrial perspective". Annual Reviews in Control. 31 (1): 69–79. doi:10.1016/j.arcontrol.2007.01.002. ISSN 1367-5788.
Short, Michael; Burn, Kevin (1 April 2011). "A generic controller architecture for intelligent robotic systems". Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. 27 (2): 292–305. doi:10.1016/j.rcim.2010.07.013. ISSN 0736-5845.
Ray, Partha Pratim (2016). "Internet of Robotic Things: Concept, Technologies, and Challenges". IEEE Access. 4: 9489–9500. Bibcode:2016IEEEA...4.9489R. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2647747. ISSN 2169-3536. S2CID 9273802.
Burn, K.; Short, M.; Bicker, R. (July 2003). "Adaptive and Nonlinear Fuzzy Force Control Techniques Applied to Robots Operating in Uncertain Environments". Journal of Robotic Systems. 20 (7): 391–400. doi:10.1002/rob.10093. ISSN 0741-2223. Archived from the original on 2022-11-26. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
Burn, Kevin; Home, Geoffrey (1 May 2008). "Environment classification using Kohonen self-organizing maps". Expert Systems. 25 (2): 98–114. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0394.2008.00441.x. ISSN 0266-4720. S2CID 33369232.
Wettels, Nicholas; Santos, Veronica J.; Johansson, Roland S.; Loeb, Gerald E. (January 2008). "Biomimetic Tactile Sensor Array". Advanced Robotics. 22 (8): 829–849. doi:10.1163/156855308X314533. S2CID 4594917.
Khan, Asharul Islam; Al-Habsi, Salim (1 January 2020). "Machine Learning in Computer Vision". Procedia Computer Science. International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Data Science. 167: 1444–1451. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2020.03.355. ISSN 1877-0509.
Banks, Jaime (2020). "Optimus Primed: Media Cultivation of Robot Mental Models and Social Judgments". Frontiers in Robotics and AI. 7 62. doi:10.3389/frobt.2020.00062. PMC 7805817. PMID 33501230.
Breazeal, Cynthia (2001). "Role of Facial Expression in Social Dialogue with Cognitively Adept Robots". IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. doi:10.1109/IROS.2001.976211 (inactive 9 July 2026).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2026 (link)
Wullenkord, Ricarda; Fraune, Marlena R.; Eyssel, Friederike; Sabanovic, Selma (2016). "Getting in Touch: How imagined, actual, and physical contact affect evaluations of robots". 2016 25th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN). pp. 980–985. doi:10.1109/ROMAN.2016.7745228. ISBN 978-1-5090-3929-6. S2CID 6305599.
Park, S.; Sharlin, Ehud; Kitamura, Y.; Lau, E. (29 April 2005). Synthetic Personality in Robots and its Effect on Human-Robot Relationship (Report). doi:10.11575/PRISM/31041. hdl:1880/45619.
Walters, M. L.; Syrdal, D. S.; Koay, K. L.; Dautenhahn, K.; Te Boekhorst, R. (2008). "Human approach distances to a mechanical-looking robot with different robot voice styles". RO-MAN 2008 – the 17th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication. pp. 707–712. doi:10.1109/ROMAN.2008.4600750. ISBN 978-1-4244-2212-8. S2CID 8653718.
Pauletto, Sandra; Bowles, Tristan (2010). "Designing the emotional content of a robotic speech signal". Proceedings of the 5th Audio Mostly Conference on a Conference on Interaction with Sound – AM '10. pp. 1–8. doi:10.1145/1859799.1859804. ISBN 978-1-4503-0046-9. S2CID 30423778.
Norberto Pires, J. (December 2005). "Robot-by-voice: experiments on commanding an industrial robot using the human voice". Industrial Robot. 32 (6): 505–511. doi:10.1108/01439910510629244.
Cheng Lin, Kuan; Huang, Tien-Chi; Hung, Jason C.; Yen, Neil Y.; Ju Chen, Szu (7 June 2013). "Facial emotion recognition towards affective computing-based learning". Library Hi Tech. 31 (2): 294–307. doi:10.1108/07378831311329068.
Waldherr, Stefan; Romero, Roseli; Thrun, Sebastian (1 September 2000). "A Gesture Based Interface for Human-Robot Interaction". Autonomous Robots. 9 (2): 151–173. doi:10.1023/A:1008918401478. S2CID 1980239.
Li, Ling Hua; Du, Ji Fang (December 2012). "Visual Based Hand Gesture Recognition Systems". Applied Mechanics and Materials. 263–266: 2422–2425. Bibcode:2012AMM...263.2422L. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.263-266.2422. S2CID 62744240.
Saad, Ashraf; Kroutil, Ryan (2012). Hands-on Learning of Programming Concepts Using Robotics for Middle and High School Students. Proceedings of the 50th Annual Southeast Regional Conference of the Association for Computing Machinery. ACM. pp. 361–362. doi:10.1145/2184512.2184605.
Arámbula Cosío, F.; Hibberd, R. D.; Davies, B. L. (July 1997). "Electromagnetic compatibility aspects of active robotic systems for surgery: the robotic prostatectomy experience". Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing. 35 (4): 436–440. doi:10.1007/BF02534105. ISSN 1741-0444. PMID 9327627. S2CID 21479700.
Frey, Carl Benedikt; Osborne, Michael A. (January 2017). "The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation?". Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 114: 254–280. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2016.08.019.
Žlajpah, Leon (15 December 2008). "Simulation in robotics". Mathematics and Computers in Simulation. 79 (4): 879–897. doi:10.1016/j.matcom.2008.02.017.

dragon-medical-transcription.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"History of Speech & Voice Recognition and Transcription Software". Dragon Naturally Speaking. Archived from the original on 2015-08-13. Retrieved 2007-10-27.

embedded.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Roos, Gina (18 December 2025). "FMCW LiDAR Makes the Leap From Lab to Warehouse". Embedded. Retrieved 2026-04-28.

empa.ch (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Empa – a117-2-eap". Empa.ch. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2010-11-27.

engineering.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Pollock, Emily (7 June 2018). "Construction Robotics Industry Set to Double by 2023". engineering.com. Archived from the original on 2020-08-07. Retrieved 2018-12-03.

essex.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: 6,858^th place)

cswww.essex.ac.uk

"Robotic fish powered by Gumstix PC and PIC". Human Centred Robotics Group at Essex University. Archived from the original on 2011-08-14. Retrieved 2007-10-25.
"iSplash-II: Realizing Fast Carangiform Swimming to Outperform a Real Fish" (PDF). Robotics Group at Essex University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-30. Retrieved 2015-09-29.
"iSplash-I: High Performance Swimming Motion of a Carangiform Robotic Fish with Full-Body Coordination" (PDF). Robotics Group at Essex University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-30. Retrieved 2015-09-29.

europa.eu (Global: 62^nd place; English: 100^th place)

osha.europa.eu

"Focal Points Seminar on review articles in the future of work – Safety and health at work". European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. Archived from the original on 2020-01-25. Retrieved 2016-04-19.

forbes.com (Global: 71^st place; English: 54^th place)

Banker, Steve (3 September 2026). "When Will Dark Warehouses Become Common?". Forbes. Retrieved 2026-09-04.
Koetsier, John (19 August 2026). "American Humanoid Robot Launches For Just $1,688, Delivery This Fall, Made In San Francisco". Forbes. Retrieved 2026-08-20.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

"Dexter Jumps video". YouTube. 1 March 2007. Archived from the original on 2021-10-30. Retrieved 2007-10-23.

globaldata.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

store.globaldata.com

"Robotics – Thematic Research". GlobalData. Archived from the original on 2021-09-28. Retrieved 2021-09-22.

hackaday.com (Global: low place; English: 7,931^st place)

Beckendorf, Aaron (16 August 2026). "Building An Actuator For A Walking Robot". Hackaday. Retrieved 2026-08-17.

hansonrobotics.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Frubber facial expressions". Archived from the original on 2009-02-07.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Pratt, G. A.; Williamson, M. M. (1995). "Series elastic actuators". Proceedings 1995 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. Human-Robot Interaction and Cooperative Robots. Vol. 1. pp. 399–406. doi:10.1109/IROS.1995.525827. hdl:1721.1/36966. ISBN 0-8186-7108-4. S2CID 17120394.
Colgate, J. Edward (1988). The control of dynamically interacting systems (Thesis). hdl:1721.1/14380.
Park, S.; Sharlin, Ehud; Kitamura, Y.; Lau, E. (29 April 2005). Synthetic Personality in Robots and its Effect on Human-Robot Relationship (Report). doi:10.11575/PRISM/31041. hdl:1880/45619.

hexapodrobot.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Micromagic Systems Robotics Lab". Archived from the original on 2017-06-01. Retrieved 2009-04-29.

hizook.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Electroactive Polymers (EAP) as Artificial Muscles (EPAM) for Robot Applications". Hizook. Archived from the original on 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2010-11-27.

honda.com (Global: 6,814^th place; English: 4,587^th place)

world.honda.com

"Achieving Stable Walking". Honda Worldwide. Archived from the original on 2011-11-08. Retrieved 2007-10-22.

ibiblio.org (Global: 1,093^rd place; English: 690^th place)

"lf205, Hardware: Building a Linux-controlled walking robot". Ibiblio.org. 1 November 2001. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2010-11-27.

ieee.org (Global: 912^th place; English: 722^nd place)

spectrum.ieee.org

Guizzo, Erico (29 April 2010). "A Robot That Balances on a Ball". IEEE Spectrum. Archived from the original on 2023-02-10. Retrieved 2023-03-15.

illinois.edu (Global: 1,178^th place; English: 745^th place)

motion.cs.illinois.edu

Hauser, Kris (6 July 2024). "Robotic Systems: Chapter 5. Robot Kinematics". Intelligent Motion Lab. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved 2026-09-05.

imagesco.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

www.imagesco.com, Images SI Inc -. "Air Muscle actuators, going further, page 6". Archived from the original on 2020-11-14. Retrieved 2010-05-24.

iop.org (Global: 1,046^th place; English: 1,608^th place)

iopscience.iop.org

Daler, Ludovic; Mintchev, Stefano; Stefanini, Cesare; Floreano, Dario (19 January 2015). "A bioinspired multi-modal flying and walking robot". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 10 (1) 016005. Bibcode:2015BiBi...10a6005D. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/10/1/016005. ISSN 1748-3190. PMID 25599118. S2CID 11132948.

iothub.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

Corner, Stuart (23 November 2017). "AI-driven robot makes 'perfect' flatbread". iothub.com.au. Archived from the original on 2020-11-24. Retrieved 2018-12-03.

iso.org (Global: 1,190^th place; English: 1,097^th place)

"ISO/TS 15066:2016 – Robots and robotic devices – Collaborative robots". 8 March 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-10-10. Retrieved 2016-06-01.

isplash-robotics.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"High-Speed Robotic Fish". iSplash-Robotics. Archived from the original on 2020-03-11. Retrieved 2017-01-07.

kmutt.ac.th (Global: low place; English: low place)

fibo.kmutt.ac.th

Juwarahawong, Witoon. "Fish Robot". Institute of Field Robotics. Archived from the original on 2007-11-04. Retrieved 2007-10-25.

kwc.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Annotated Mythbusters: Episode 78: Ninja Myths – Walking on Water, Catching a Sword, Catching an Arrow". Archived from the original on 2020-11-12. Retrieved 2010-02-13. (Discovery Channel's Mythbusters making mechanical gripper from the chain and metal wire)

linearmotiontips.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Collins, Danielle (28 February 2018). "Rack and pinion systems - designs and applications". Linear Motion Tips. Retrieved 2026-08-17.

lth.se (Global: low place; English: low place)

elmat.lth.se

"What is The SmartHand?". SmartHand Project. Archived from the original on 2015-03-03. Retrieved 2011-02-04.

machinery.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Allcock, Andrew (2006). "Anthropomorphic hand is almost human". Machinery. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-10-17.

mit.edu (Global: 476^th place; English: 340^th place)

ai.mit.edu

"3D One-Leg Hopper (1983–1984)". MIT Leg Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2018-07-25. Retrieved 2007-10-22.
"3D Biped (1989–1995)". MIT Leg Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2011-09-26. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
"Quadruped (1984–1987)". MIT Leg Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2011-08-23. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
"MIT Leg Lab Robots – Main". Archived from the original on 2020-08-07. Retrieved 2007-10-28.

news.mit.edu

Zewe, Adam (28 July 2026). "Making robots faster by helping them think ahead". MIT News. Retrieved 2026-07-31.

moomoo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Figure CEO: Humanoid robots will soon enter households at a price of $600 per month". Moomoo. 6 May 2026. Retrieved 2026-08-18.

mtoussaint.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

"T.O.B.B". Mtoussaint.de. Archived from the original on 2020-07-08. Retrieved 2010-11-27.

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; English: 73^rd place)

eap.jpl.nasa.gov

"WW-EAP and Artificial Muscles". Eap.jpl.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2017-01-20. Retrieved 2010-11-27.

robonaut.jsc.nasa.gov

"ROBONAUT Activity Report". NASA. 2004. Archived from the original on 2007-08-20. Retrieved 2007-10-20.

www-robotics.jpl.nasa.gov

"JPL Robotics: System: Commercial Rovers". Archived from the original on 2006-06-15.

er.jsc.nasa.gov

"Robonaut hand". Archived from the original on 2020-02-22. Retrieved 2011-11-21.

newatlas.com (Global: 5,974^th place; English: 3,758^th place)

Salas, Joe (21 February 2025). "Figure's humanoids start doing tasks they weren't trained for". New Atlas. Retrieved 2025-07-31.

newint.org (Global: low place; English: 9,720^th place)

Thomas, Jim (1 November 2017). "How corporate giants are automating the farm". New Internationalist. Archived from the original on 2021-01-10. Retrieved 2018-12-03.

newscaletech.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Squiggle Motors: Overview". Archived from the original on 2007-10-07. Retrieved 2007-10-08.

newspapers.com (Global: 24^th place; English: 12^th place)

"The Boston Globe from Boston, Massachusetts on June 23, 1974 · 132". Newspapers.com. 23 June 1974. Archived from the original on 2020-01-10. Retrieved 2019-05-28.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Furnémont, Raphaël; Mathijssen, Glenn; Verstraten, Tom; Lefeber, Dirk; Vanderborght, Bram (27 January 2016). "Bi-directional series-parallel elastic actuator and overlap of the actuation layers" (PDF). Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 11 (1) 016005. Bibcode:2016BiBi...11a6005F. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/11/1/016005. PMID 26813145. S2CID 37031990. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-01. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
Madden, John D. (16 November 2007). "Mobile Robots: Motor Challenges and Materials Solutions". Science. 318 (5853): 1094–1097. Bibcode:2007Sci...318.1094M. doi:10.1126/science.1146351. PMID 18006737. S2CID 52827127.
Collins, Steve; Ruina, Andy; Tedrake, Russ; Wisse, Martijn (18 February 2005). "Efficient Bipedal Robots Based on Passive-Dynamic Walkers". Science. 307 (5712): 1082–1085. Bibcode:2005Sci...307.1082C. doi:10.1126/science.1107799. PMID 15718465. S2CID 1315227.
Zhang, Jun; Zhao, Ning; Qu, Feiyang (15 November 2022). "Bio-inspired flapping wing robots with foldable or deformable wings: a review". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 18 (1): 011002. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/ac9ef5. ISSN 1748-3182. PMID 36317380. S2CID 253246037.
Shin, Won Dong; Park, Jaejun; Park, Hae-Won (1 September 2019). "Development and experiments of a bio-inspired robot with multi-mode in aerial and terrestrial locomotion". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 14 (5): 056009. Bibcode:2019BiBi...14e6009S. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/ab2ab7. ISSN 1748-3182. PMID 31212268. S2CID 195066183.
Daler, Ludovic; Mintchev, Stefano; Stefanini, Cesare; Floreano, Dario (19 January 2015). "A bioinspired multi-modal flying and walking robot". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 10 (1) 016005. Bibcode:2015BiBi...10a6005D. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/10/1/016005. ISSN 1748-3190. PMID 25599118. S2CID 11132948.
Kilian, Lukas; Shahid, Farzeen; Zhao, Jing-Shan; Nayeri, Christian Navid (1 July 2022). "Bioinspired morphing wings: mechanical design and wind tunnel experiments". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 17 (4): 046019. Bibcode:2022BiBi...17d6019K. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/ac72e1. ISSN 1748-3182. PMID 35609562. S2CID 249045806.
Phan, Hoang Vu; Park, Hoon Cheol (4 December 2020). "Mechanisms of collision recovery in flying beetles and flapping-wing robots". Science. 370 (6521): 1214–1219. Bibcode:2020Sci...370.1214P. doi:10.1126/science.abd3285. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 33273101. S2CID 227257247.
Balta, Miquel; Deb, Dipan; Taha, Haithem E (26 October 2021). "Flow visualization and force measurement of the clapping effect in bio-inspired flying robots". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 16 (6): 066020. Bibcode:2021BiBi...16f6020B. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/ac2b00. ISSN 1748-3182. PMID 34584023. S2CID 238217893.
Banks, Jaime (2020). "Optimus Primed: Media Cultivation of Robot Mental Models and Social Judgments". Frontiers in Robotics and AI. 7 62. doi:10.3389/frobt.2020.00062. PMC 7805817. PMID 33501230.
Arámbula Cosío, F.; Hibberd, R. D.; Davies, B. L. (July 1997). "Electromagnetic compatibility aspects of active robotic systems for surgery: the robotic prostatectomy experience". Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing. 35 (4): 436–440. doi:10.1007/BF02534105. ISSN 1741-0444. PMID 9327627. S2CID 21479700.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Banks, Jaime (2020). "Optimus Primed: Media Cultivation of Robot Mental Models and Social Judgments". Frontiers in Robotics and AI. 7 62. doi:10.3389/frobt.2020.00062. PMC 7805817. PMID 33501230.

northwestern.edu (Global: 2,347^th place; English: 1,308^th place)

modernrobotics.northwestern.edu

"8.5. Forward Dynamics of Open Chains". Modern Robotics. Northwestern. Retrieved 2026-09-05.
"8.3. Newton-Euler Inverse Dynamics". Modern Robotics. Northwestern. Retrieved 2026-09-05.

peshkin.mech.northwestern.edu

"Draft Standard for Intelligent Assist Devices — Personnel Safety Requirements" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-11-25. Retrieved 2016-06-01.

npr.org (Global: 114^th place; English: 75^th place)

"Robot Receptionist Dishes Directions and Attitude". NPR. Archived from the original on 2020-12-01. Retrieved 2018-04-05.

ogi.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

cslu.cse.ogi.edu

"Survey of the State of the Art in Human Language Technology: 1.2: Speech Recognition". Archived from the original on 2007-11-11.

orbswarm.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Swarm". Orbswarm.com. Archived from the original on 2021-01-26. Retrieved 2010-11-27.

patsnap.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

eureka.patsnap.com

"What is Robot Kinematics?(Forward vs. Inverse Kinematics Simplified)". Patsnap Eureka. 26 June 2025. Retrieved 2026-09-05.

pbs.org (Global: 260^th place; English: 176^th place)

NOVA conversation with Professor Moravec, October 1997. NOVA Online Archived 2017-08-02 at the Wayback Machine

piezomotor.se (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Piezo LEGS – -09-26". Archived from the original on 2008-01-30. Retrieved 2007-10-28.

pootergeek.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Funny Walk". Pooter Geek. 28 December 2004. Archived from the original on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2007-10-22.

princetonreview.com (Global: low place; English: 9,406^th place)

"Career: Robotics Engineer". Princeton Review. 2012. Archived from the original on 2015-01-21. Retrieved 2012-01-27.

prnewswire.com (Global: 546^th place; English: 310^th place)

Nala Robotics (14 December 2022). "Nala Robotics Introduces Autonomous Dishwasher". PR Newswire. Retrieved 2026-08-20.

proquest.com (Global: 121^st place; English: 59^th place)

Fournier, Randolph Scott; Schmidt, B. June (1995). "Voice input technology: Learning style and attitude toward its use". Delta Pi Epsilon Journal. 37 (1): 1–12. ProQuest 1297783046.

qualitymag.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Parkhurst, Rich (12 December 2025). "Robotic Palletizing Stacks Up to Productivity and Profitability". Quality Magazine. Retrieved 2026-02-10.

rd.technology (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Robot for opening and emptying boxes". R&D Technology. Retrieved 2026-02-10.

reverso.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

dictionary.reverso.net

"astrictive definition – English definition dictionary – Reverso". Archived from the original on 2020-04-30. Retrieved 2008-01-06.

rjmason.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Mason, Richard. "What is the market for robot fish?". Archived from the original on 2009-07-04.

rma.ac.be (Global: low place; English: low place)

mecatron.rma.ac.be

"AMRU-5 hexapod robot" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-08-17. Retrieved 2009-04-29.

robohub.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

van de Loo, Joost (23 September 2022). "Shelf-stocking robots with independent movement". Robohub. Retrieved 2026-02-10.

robotics.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Robot density rises globally". Robotic Industries Association. 8 February 2018. Archived from the original on 2020-11-23. Retrieved 2018-12-03.

robotics24.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Roboticist Definition & Synonyms - Robotics24 Glossary". 26 September 2022. Retrieved 2026-02-12.

robotis.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

en.robotis.com

"Actuator". Robotis. Retrieved 2026-08-17.

rotundus.se (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Rotundus". Rotundus.se. Archived from the original on 2011-08-26. Retrieved 2010-11-27.

samogden.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Kismet: Robot at MIT's AI Lab Interacts With Humans". Sam Ogden. Archived from the original on 2007-10-12. Retrieved 2007-10-28.

science.org (Global: 1,007^th place; English: 665^th place)

Phan, Hoang Vu; Park, Hoon Cheol (4 December 2020). "Mechanisms of collision recovery in flying beetles and flapping-wing robots". Science. 370 (6521): 1214–1219. Bibcode:2020Sci...370.1214P. doi:10.1126/science.abd3285. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 33273101. S2CID 227257247.

sciencedaily.com (Global: 1,390^th place; English: 1,286^th place)

"Experimental Evolution In Robots Probes The Emergence Of Biological Communication". Science Daily. 24 February 2007. Archived from the original on 2018-11-16. Retrieved 2007-10-28.

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

Short, Michael; Burn, Kevin (1 April 2011). "A generic controller architecture for intelligent robotic systems". Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. 27 (2): 292–305. doi:10.1016/j.rcim.2010.07.013. ISSN 0736-5845.
Khan, Asharul Islam; Al-Habsi, Salim (1 January 2020). "Machine Learning in Computer Vision". Procedia Computer Science. International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Data Science. 167: 1444–1451. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2020.03.355. ISSN 1877-0509.

scifi.com (Global: 5,086^th place; English: 3,095^th place)

blog.scifi.com

Pachal, Peter (23 January 2007). "Plen, the robot that skates across your desk". SCI FI Tech. Archived from the original on 2007-10-11.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Roozing, Wesley; Li, Zhibin; Tsagarakis, Nikos; Caldwell, Darwin (2016). "Design Optimisation and Control of Compliant Actuation Arrangements in Articulated Robots for Improved Energy Efficiency". IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters. 1 (2): 1110–1117. Bibcode:2016IRAL....1.1110R. doi:10.1109/LRA.2016.2521926. S2CID 1940410.
Otake, Mihoko; Kagami, Yoshiharu; Ishikawa, Kohei; Inaba, Masayuki; Inoue, Hirochika (6 April 2001). Wilson, Alan R.; Asanuma, Hiroshi (eds.). "Shape design of gel robots made of electroactive polymer gel". Smart Materials. 4234: 194–202. Bibcode:2001SPIE.4234..194O. doi:10.1117/12.424407. S2CID 30357330.
Pratt, G. A.; Williamson, M. M. (1995). "Series elastic actuators". Proceedings 1995 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. Human-Robot Interaction and Cooperative Robots. Vol. 1. pp. 399–406. doi:10.1109/IROS.1995.525827. hdl:1721.1/36966. ISBN 0-8186-7108-4. S2CID 17120394.
Furnémont, Raphaël; Mathijssen, Glenn; Verstraten, Tom; Lefeber, Dirk; Vanderborght, Bram (27 January 2016). "Bi-directional series-parallel elastic actuator and overlap of the actuation layers" (PDF). Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 11 (1) 016005. Bibcode:2016BiBi...11a6005F. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/11/1/016005. PMID 26813145. S2CID 37031990. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-01. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
Pratt, Jerry E.; Krupp, Benjamin T. (2004). "Series Elastic Actuators for legged robots". In Gerhart, Grant R; Shoemaker, Chuck M; Gage, Douglas W (eds.). Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VI. Vol. 5422. pp. 135–144. doi:10.1117/12.548000. S2CID 16586246.
Li, Zhibin; Tsagarakis, Nikos; Caldwell, Darwin (2013). "Walking Pattern Generation for a Humanoid Robot with Compliant Joints". Autonomous Robots. 35 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1007/s10514-013-9330-7. S2CID 624563.
Tondu, Bertrand (2012). "Modelling of the McKibben artificial muscle: A review". Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures. 23 (3): 225–253. doi:10.1177/1045389X11435435. S2CID 136854390.
Madden, John D. (16 November 2007). "Mobile Robots: Motor Challenges and Materials Solutions". Science. 318 (5853): 1094–1097. Bibcode:2007Sci...318.1094M. doi:10.1126/science.1146351. PMID 18006737. S2CID 52827127.
Collins, Steve; Ruina, Andy; Tedrake, Russ; Wisse, Martijn (18 February 2005). "Efficient Bipedal Robots Based on Passive-Dynamic Walkers". Science. 307 (5712): 1082–1085. Bibcode:2005Sci...307.1082C. doi:10.1126/science.1107799. PMID 15718465. S2CID 1315227.
Collins, S. H.; Ruina, A. (2005). "A Bipedal Walking Robot with Efficient and Human-Like Gait". Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. pp. 1983–1988. doi:10.1109/ROBOT.2005.1570404. ISBN 0-7803-8914-X. S2CID 15145353.
Zhang, Jun; Zhao, Ning; Qu, Feiyang (15 November 2022). "Bio-inspired flapping wing robots with foldable or deformable wings: a review". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 18 (1): 011002. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/ac9ef5. ISSN 1748-3182. PMID 36317380. S2CID 253246037.
Shin, Won Dong; Park, Jaejun; Park, Hae-Won (1 September 2019). "Development and experiments of a bio-inspired robot with multi-mode in aerial and terrestrial locomotion". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 14 (5): 056009. Bibcode:2019BiBi...14e6009S. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/ab2ab7. ISSN 1748-3182. PMID 31212268. S2CID 195066183.
Ramezani, Alireza; Shi, Xichen; Chung, Soon-Jo; Hutchinson, Seth (May 2016). "Bat Bot (B2), a biologically inspired flying machine". 2016 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). Stockholm, Sweden: IEEE. pp. 3219–3226. doi:10.1109/ICRA.2016.7487491. ISBN 978-1-4673-8026-3. S2CID 8581750.
Daler, Ludovic; Mintchev, Stefano; Stefanini, Cesare; Floreano, Dario (19 January 2015). "A bioinspired multi-modal flying and walking robot". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 10 (1) 016005. Bibcode:2015BiBi...10a6005D. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/10/1/016005. ISSN 1748-3190. PMID 25599118. S2CID 11132948.
Savastano, E.; Perez-Sanchez, V.; Arrue, B.C.; Ollero, A. (July 2022). "High-Performance Morphing Wing for Large-Scale Bio-Inspired Unmanned Aerial Vehicles". IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters. 7 (3): 8076–8083. Bibcode:2022IRAL....7.8076S. doi:10.1109/LRA.2022.3185389. ISSN 2377-3766. S2CID 250008824.
Grant, Daniel T.; Abdulrahim, Mujahid; Lind, Rick (June 2010). "Flight Dynamics of a Morphing Aircraft Utilizing Independent Multiple-Joint Wing Sweep". International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles. 2 (2): 91–106. doi:10.1260/1756-8293.2.2.91. ISSN 1756-8293. S2CID 110577545.
Kilian, Lukas; Shahid, Farzeen; Zhao, Jing-Shan; Nayeri, Christian Navid (1 July 2022). "Bioinspired morphing wings: mechanical design and wind tunnel experiments". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 17 (4): 046019. Bibcode:2022BiBi...17d6019K. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/ac72e1. ISSN 1748-3182. PMID 35609562. S2CID 249045806.
Phan, Hoang Vu; Park, Hoon Cheol (4 December 2020). "Mechanisms of collision recovery in flying beetles and flapping-wing robots". Science. 370 (6521): 1214–1219. Bibcode:2020Sci...370.1214P. doi:10.1126/science.abd3285. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 33273101. S2CID 227257247.
Hu, Zheng; McCauley, Raymond; Schaeffer, Steve; Deng, Xinyan (May 2009). "Aerodynamics of dragonfly flight and robotic design". 2009 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. pp. 3061–3066. doi:10.1109/ROBOT.2009.5152760. ISBN 978-1-4244-2788-8. S2CID 12291429.
Balta, Miquel; Deb, Dipan; Taha, Haithem E (26 October 2021). "Flow visualization and force measurement of the clapping effect in bio-inspired flying robots". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 16 (6): 066020. Bibcode:2021BiBi...16f6020B. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/ac2b00. ISSN 1748-3182. PMID 34584023. S2CID 238217893.
Sfakiotakis, M.; Lane, D. M.; Davies, J. B. C. (April 1999). "Review of fish swimming modes for aquatic locomotion". IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. 24 (2): 237–252. Bibcode:1999IJOE...24..237S. doi:10.1109/48.757275. S2CID 17226211.
Jaulin, Luc; Le Bars, Fabrice (February 2013). "An Interval Approach for Stability Analysis: Application to Sailboat Robotics". IEEE Transactions on Robotics. 29 (1): 282–287. Bibcode:2013ITRob..29..282J. doi:10.1109/TRO.2012.2217794. S2CID 4977937.
Mason, Matthew T. (2001). Mechanics of Robotic Manipulation. doi:10.7551/mitpress/4527.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-262-25662-9. S2CID 5260407.
Tijsma, H. A.; Liefhebber, F.; Herder, J. L. (2005). "Evaluation of New User Interface Features for the MANUS Robot Arm". 9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005. pp. 258–263. doi:10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501097. ISBN 0-7803-9003-2. S2CID 36445389.
Ray, Partha Pratim (2016). "Internet of Robotic Things: Concept, Technologies, and Challenges". IEEE Access. 4: 9489–9500. Bibcode:2016IEEEA...4.9489R. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2647747. ISSN 2169-3536. S2CID 9273802.
Burn, Kevin; Home, Geoffrey (1 May 2008). "Environment classification using Kohonen self-organizing maps". Expert Systems. 25 (2): 98–114. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0394.2008.00441.x. ISSN 0266-4720. S2CID 33369232.
Wettels, Nicholas; Santos, Veronica J.; Johansson, Roland S.; Loeb, Gerald E. (January 2008). "Biomimetic Tactile Sensor Array". Advanced Robotics. 22 (8): 829–849. doi:10.1163/156855308X314533. S2CID 4594917.
Wullenkord, Ricarda; Fraune, Marlena R.; Eyssel, Friederike; Sabanovic, Selma (2016). "Getting in Touch: How imagined, actual, and physical contact affect evaluations of robots". 2016 25th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN). pp. 980–985. doi:10.1109/ROMAN.2016.7745228. ISBN 978-1-5090-3929-6. S2CID 6305599.
Walters, M. L.; Syrdal, D. S.; Koay, K. L.; Dautenhahn, K.; Te Boekhorst, R. (2008). "Human approach distances to a mechanical-looking robot with different robot voice styles". RO-MAN 2008 – the 17th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication. pp. 707–712. doi:10.1109/ROMAN.2008.4600750. ISBN 978-1-4244-2212-8. S2CID 8653718.
Pauletto, Sandra; Bowles, Tristan (2010). "Designing the emotional content of a robotic speech signal". Proceedings of the 5th Audio Mostly Conference on a Conference on Interaction with Sound – AM '10. pp. 1–8. doi:10.1145/1859799.1859804. ISBN 978-1-4503-0046-9. S2CID 30423778.
Waldherr, Stefan; Romero, Roseli; Thrun, Sebastian (1 September 2000). "A Gesture Based Interface for Human-Robot Interaction". Autonomous Robots. 9 (2): 151–173. doi:10.1023/A:1008918401478. S2CID 1980239.
Li, Ling Hua; Du, Ji Fang (December 2012). "Visual Based Hand Gesture Recognition Systems". Applied Mechanics and Materials. 263–266: 2422–2425. Bibcode:2012AMM...263.2422L. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.263-266.2422. S2CID 62744240.
Arámbula Cosío, F.; Hibberd, R. D.; Davies, B. L. (July 1997). "Electromagnetic compatibility aspects of active robotic systems for surgery: the robotic prostatectomy experience". Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing. 35 (4): 436–440. doi:10.1007/BF02534105. ISSN 1741-0444. PMID 9327627. S2CID 21479700.

shadowrobot.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Air Muscles". Shadow Robot. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27.
"Welcome". Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-05-10. Retrieved 2007-10-28.

smc.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Linear Actuators & Cylinders". SMC UK. Retrieved 2026-08-17.

smu.edu (Global: 7,414^th place; English: 4,196^th place)

geology.heroy.smu.edu

"nBot, a two wheel balancing robot". Geology.heroy.smu.edu. Archived from the original on 2021-01-26. Retrieved 2010-11-27.

snakerobots.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Miller, Gavin. "Introduction". snakerobots.com. Archived from the original on 2011-08-17. Retrieved 2007-10-22.

sourcesecurity.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Robotics: Redefining crime prevention, public safety and security". SourceSecurity.com. Archived from the original on 2017-10-09. Retrieved 2016-09-16.

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

link.springer.com

Corke, Peter (2017). Robotics, Vision and Control. Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics. Vol. 118. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54413-7. ISBN 978-3-319-54412-0. ISSN 1610-7438. Archived from the original on 2022-10-20. Retrieved 2023-03-15.

syntouchllc.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Syntouch LLC: BioTac(R) Biomimetic Tactile Sensor Array". Archived from the original on 2009-10-03. Retrieved 2009-08-10.

talkingelectronics.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"TALKING ELECTRONICS Nitinol Page-1". Talkingelectronics.com. Archived from the original on 2020-01-18. Retrieved 2010-11-27.

ted.com (Global: 2,839^th place; English: 2,020^th place)

"Playtime with Pleo, your robotic dinosaur friend". 25 September 2008. Archived from the original on 2019-01-20. Retrieved 2014-12-14.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

Hawking, Stephen (1 January 2016). "This is the most dangerous time for our planet". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2021-01-31. Retrieved 2019-11-22.

therobotreport.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Synthiam Exosphere combines AI, human operators to train robots". The Robot Report. Archived from the original on 2020-10-06. Retrieved 2020-04-29.

thestellify.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Raj, Aditi (26 August 2024). "AI & Robotics: The Role of AI in Robots". The Stellify. Retrieved 2024-08-29.

time.com (Global: 84^th place; English: 63^rd place)

"Best Inventions of 2008 – TIME". Time. 29 October 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-11-02 – via www.time.com.

titech.ac.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

www-robot.mes.titech.ac.jp

"Commercialized Quadruped Walking Vehicle 'TITAN VII'". Hirose Fukushima Robotics Lab. Archived from the original on 2007-11-06. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
"ACM-R5". Archived from the original on 2011-10-11.

trnmag.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Evolution trains robot teams TRN 051904". Technology Research News. Archived from the original on 2016-06-23. Retrieved 2009-01-22.

tudelft.nl (Global: 7,254^th place; English: 5,846^th place)

dbl.tudelft.nl

"Delft hand". TU Delft. Archived from the original on 2012-02-03. Retrieved 2011-11-21.

tudelft.nl

M & C. "TU Delft ontwikkelt goedkope, voorzichtige robothand". TU Delft. Archived from the original on 2017-03-13. Retrieved 2011-11-21.

typepad.com (Global: 1,805^th place; English: 1,102^nd place)

popsci.typepad.com

"ASIMO's Pimp Shuffle". Popular Science. 9 January 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2007-10-22.

tommytoy.typepad.com

Toy, Tommy (29 June 2011). "Outlook for robotics and Automation for 2011 and beyond are excellent says expert". PBT Consulting. Archived from the original on 2012-01-27. Retrieved 2012-01-27.

ucla.edu (Global: 885^th place; English: 584^th place)

samueli.ucla.edu

"Origami-Inspired Robots Can Sense, Analyze and Act in Challenging Environments". UCLA. Retrieved 2023-04-10.

uiuc.edu (Global: 4,225^th place; English: 3,432^nd place)

age-web.age.uiuc.edu

Grift, Tony E. (2004). "Agricultural Robotics". University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. Archived from the original on 2007-05-04. Retrieved 2018-12-03.

ultramotion.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Underwater Linear Actuators". Ultra Motion. Retrieved 2026-08-17.

usc.edu (Global: 1,432^nd place; English: 908^th place)

viterbi.usc.edu

"New Scientist: A good robot has personality but not looks" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-09-29.

valin.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Linear Ball Screw & Lead Screw Actuators". Valin. Retrieved 2026-08-17.

verizon.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Dragani, Rachelle (8 November 2018). "Can a robot make you a 'superworker'?". Verizon Communications. Archived from the original on 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2018-12-03.

video.google.com (Global: 9,982^nd place; English: 8,230^th place)

"Swimming snake robot (commentary in Japanese)". Archived from the original on 2012-02-08. Retrieved 2007-10-28.

vtec.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

motegi.vtec.net

"Robot Shows Prime Minister How to Loosen Up > > A drunk robot?". The Temple of VTEC – Honda and Acura Enthusiasts Online Forums. 25 August 2003. Archived from the original on 2020-04-30.

vub.ac.be (Global: low place; English: low place)

biblio.vub.ac.be

Furnémont, Raphaël; Mathijssen, Glenn; Verstraten, Tom; Lefeber, Dirk; Vanderborght, Bram (27 January 2016). "Bi-directional series-parallel elastic actuator and overlap of the actuation layers" (PDF). Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 11 (1) 016005. Bibcode:2016BiBi...11a6005F. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/11/1/016005. PMID 26813145. S2CID 37031990. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-01. Retrieved 2023-03-15.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"German National Library". International classification system of the German National Library (GND). Archived from the original on 2020-08-19.
Dowling, Kevin. "Power Sources for Small Robots" (PDF). Carnegie Mellon University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-11-25. Retrieved 2012-05-11.
"Piezo LEGS – -09-26". Archived from the original on 2008-01-30. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
"Squiggle Motors: Overview". Archived from the original on 2007-10-07. Retrieved 2007-10-08.
Furnémont, Raphaël; Mathijssen, Glenn; Verstraten, Tom; Lefeber, Dirk; Vanderborght, Bram (27 January 2016). "Bi-directional series-parallel elastic actuator and overlap of the actuation layers" (PDF). Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 11 (1) 016005. Bibcode:2016BiBi...11a6005F. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/11/1/016005. PMID 26813145. S2CID 37031990. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-01. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
www.imagesco.com, Images SI Inc -. "Air Muscle actuators, going further, page 6". Archived from the original on 2020-11-14. Retrieved 2010-05-24.
"Air Muscles". Shadow Robot. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27.
"TALKING ELECTRONICS Nitinol Page-1". Talkingelectronics.com. Archived from the original on 2020-01-18. Retrieved 2010-11-27.
"lf205, Hardware: Building a Linux-controlled walking robot". Ibiblio.org. 1 November 2001. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2010-11-27.
"WW-EAP and Artificial Muscles". Eap.jpl.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2017-01-20. Retrieved 2010-11-27.
"Empa – a117-2-eap". Empa.ch. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2010-11-27.
"Electroactive Polymers (EAP) as Artificial Muscles (EPAM) for Robot Applications". Hizook. Archived from the original on 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2010-11-27.
Guizzo, Erico (29 April 2010). "A Robot That Balances on a Ball". IEEE Spectrum. Archived from the original on 2023-02-10. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
"Carnegie Mellon Researchers Develop New Type of Mobile Robot That Balances and Moves on a Ball Instead of Legs or Wheels" (Press release). Carnegie Mellon. 9 August 2006. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2007-10-20.
"Swarm". Orbswarm.com. Archived from the original on 2021-01-26. Retrieved 2010-11-27.
"Senior Design Projects | College of Engineering & Applied Science| University of Colorado at Boulder". Engineering.colorado.edu. 30 April 2008. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2010-11-27.
"Spherical Robot Can Climb Over Obstacles". BotJunkie. Archived from the original on 2012-03-28. Retrieved 2010-11-27.
"Rotundus". Rotundus.se. Archived from the original on 2011-08-26. Retrieved 2010-11-27.
"OrbSwarm Gets A Brain". BotJunkie. 11 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2012-05-16. Retrieved 2010-11-27.
"Rolling Orbital Bluetooth Operated Thing". BotJunkie. Archived from the original on 2012-03-28. Retrieved 2010-11-27.
"T.O.B.B". Mtoussaint.de. Archived from the original on 2020-07-08. Retrieved 2010-11-27.
"nBot, a two wheel balancing robot". Geology.heroy.smu.edu. Archived from the original on 2021-01-26. Retrieved 2010-11-27.
"ROBONAUT Activity Report". NASA. 2004. Archived from the original on 2007-08-20. Retrieved 2007-10-20.
"JPL Robotics: System: Commercial Rovers". Archived from the original on 2006-06-15.
"Commercialized Quadruped Walking Vehicle 'TITAN VII'". Hirose Fukushima Robotics Lab. Archived from the original on 2007-11-06. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
Pachal, Peter (23 January 2007). "Plen, the robot that skates across your desk". SCI FI Tech. Archived from the original on 2007-10-11.
"AMBER Lab". Archived from the original on 2020-11-25. Retrieved 2012-01-23.
"Micromagic Systems Robotics Lab". Archived from the original on 2017-06-01. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
"AMRU-5 hexapod robot" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-08-17. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
"Achieving Stable Walking". Honda Worldwide. Archived from the original on 2011-11-08. Retrieved 2007-10-22.
"Funny Walk". Pooter Geek. 28 December 2004. Archived from the original on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2007-10-22.
"ASIMO's Pimp Shuffle". Popular Science. 9 January 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2007-10-22.
"Robot Shows Prime Minister How to Loosen Up > > A drunk robot?". The Temple of VTEC – Honda and Acura Enthusiasts Online Forums. 25 August 2003. Archived from the original on 2020-04-30.
"3D One-Leg Hopper (1983–1984)". MIT Leg Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2018-07-25. Retrieved 2007-10-22.
"3D Biped (1989–1995)". MIT Leg Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2011-09-26. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
"Quadruped (1984–1987)". MIT Leg Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2011-08-23. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
"MIT Leg Lab Robots – Main". Archived from the original on 2020-08-07. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
"About the Robots". Anybots. Archived from the original on 2007-09-09. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
"Anything, Anytime, Anywhere". Anybots. Archived from the original on 2007-10-27. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
"Testing the Limits" (PDF). Boeing. p. 29. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-12-15. Retrieved 2008-04-09.
Miller, Gavin. "Introduction". snakerobots.com. Archived from the original on 2011-08-17. Retrieved 2007-10-22.
"ACM-R5". Archived from the original on 2011-10-11.
"Swimming snake robot (commentary in Japanese)". Archived from the original on 2012-02-08. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
Mason, Richard. "What is the market for robot fish?". Archived from the original on 2009-07-04.
"Robotic fish powered by Gumstix PC and PIC". Human Centred Robotics Group at Essex University. Archived from the original on 2011-08-14. Retrieved 2007-10-25.
Juwarahawong, Witoon. "Fish Robot". Institute of Field Robotics. Archived from the original on 2007-11-04. Retrieved 2007-10-25.
"High-Speed Robotic Fish". iSplash-Robotics. Archived from the original on 2020-03-11. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
"iSplash-II: Realizing Fast Carangiform Swimming to Outperform a Real Fish" (PDF). Robotics Group at Essex University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-30. Retrieved 2015-09-29.
"iSplash-I: High Performance Swimming Motion of a Carangiform Robotic Fish with Full-Body Coordination" (PDF). Robotics Group at Essex University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-30. Retrieved 2015-09-29.
Crane, Carl D.; Joseph Duffy (1998). Kinematic Analysis of Robot Manipulators. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-57063-3. Archived from the original on 2020-04-02. Retrieved 2007-10-16.
"What is a robotic end-effector?". ATI Industrial Automation. 2007. Archived from the original on 2020-12-17. Retrieved 2007-10-16.
Allcock, Andrew (2006). "Anthropomorphic hand is almost human". Machinery. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-10-17.
"Welcome". Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-05-10. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
"Annotated Mythbusters: Episode 78: Ninja Myths – Walking on Water, Catching a Sword, Catching an Arrow". Archived from the original on 2020-11-12. Retrieved 2010-02-13. (Discovery Channel's Mythbusters making mechanical gripper from the chain and metal wire)
"Robonaut hand". Archived from the original on 2020-02-22. Retrieved 2011-11-21.
"Delft hand". TU Delft. Archived from the original on 2012-02-03. Retrieved 2011-11-21.
M & C. "TU Delft ontwikkelt goedkope, voorzichtige robothand". TU Delft. Archived from the original on 2017-03-13. Retrieved 2011-11-21.
"astrictive definition – English definition dictionary – Reverso". Archived from the original on 2020-04-30. Retrieved 2008-01-06.
Corke, Peter (2017). Robotics, Vision and Control. Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics. Vol. 118. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54413-7. ISBN 978-3-319-54412-0. ISSN 1610-7438. Archived from the original on 2022-10-20. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
Lee, C S. G.; Fu, K. S.; Gonzalez, Ralph (1987). Robotics: Control Sensing. Vis. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-026510-3. Archived from the original on 2023-03-15. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
Burn, K.; Short, M.; Bicker, R. (July 2003). "Adaptive and Nonlinear Fuzzy Force Control Techniques Applied to Robots Operating in Uncertain Environments". Journal of Robotic Systems. 20 (7): 391–400. doi:10.1002/rob.10093. ISSN 0741-2223. Archived from the original on 2022-11-26. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
"Syntouch LLC: BioTac(R) Biomimetic Tactile Sensor Array". Archived from the original on 2009-10-03. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
"What is The SmartHand?". SmartHand Project. Archived from the original on 2015-03-03. Retrieved 2011-02-04.
"Synthiam Exosphere combines AI, human operators to train robots". The Robot Report. Archived from the original on 2020-10-06. Retrieved 2020-04-29.
"Robot Receptionist Dishes Directions and Attitude". NPR. Archived from the original on 2020-12-01. Retrieved 2018-04-05.
"Playtime with Pleo, your robotic dinosaur friend". 25 September 2008. Archived from the original on 2019-01-20. Retrieved 2014-12-14.
Bowles, Tristan; Pauletto, Sandra (2010). Emotions in the Voice: Humanising a Robotic Voice (PDF). Proceedings of the 7th Sound and Music Computing Conference. Barcelona. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-02-10. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
"World of 2-XL: Leachim". www.2xlrobot.com. Archived from the original on 2020-07-05. Retrieved 2019-05-28.
"The Boston Globe from Boston, Massachusetts on June 23, 1974 · 132". Newspapers.com. 23 June 1974. Archived from the original on 2020-01-10. Retrieved 2019-05-28.
"A history of cybernetic animals and early robots". cyberneticzoo.com. p. 135. Archived from the original on 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2019-05-28.
"Survey of the State of the Art in Human Language Technology: 1.2: Speech Recognition". Archived from the original on 2007-11-11.
"History of Speech & Voice Recognition and Transcription Software". Dragon Naturally Speaking. Archived from the original on 2015-08-13. Retrieved 2007-10-27.
"Frubber facial expressions". Archived from the original on 2009-02-07.
"Kismet: Robot at MIT's AI Lab Interacts With Humans". Sam Ogden. Archived from the original on 2007-10-12. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
"Best Inventions of 2008 – TIME". Time. 29 October 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-11-02 – via www.time.com.
"Armenian Robin the Robot to comfort kids at U.S. clinics starting July". Public Radio of Armenia. Archived from the original on 2021-05-13. Retrieved 2021-05-13.
Kagan, Eugene; Ben-Gal, Irad (2015). Search and foraging: individual motion and swarm dynamics. Chapman and Hall/CRC. ISBN 978-1-4822-4210-2. Archived from the original on 2023-03-15. Retrieved 2020-08-26.
Thomas, Jim (1 November 2017). "How corporate giants are automating the farm". New Internationalist. Archived from the original on 2021-01-10. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
Pollock, Emily (7 June 2018). "Construction Robotics Industry Set to Double by 2023". engineering.com. Archived from the original on 2020-08-07. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
Corner, Stuart (23 November 2017). "AI-driven robot makes 'perfect' flatbread". iothub.com.au. Archived from the original on 2020-11-24. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
Eyre, Michael (12 September 2014). "'Boris' the robot can load up dishwasher". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2020-12-21. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
"Technology Advanced Search". D&D Knowledge Management Information Tool. Archived from the original on 2020-08-06.
Kolodny, Lora (4 July 2017). "Robots are coming to a burger joint near you". CNBC. Archived from the original on 2020-12-05. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
Hawking, Stephen (1 January 2016). "This is the most dangerous time for our planet". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2021-01-31. Retrieved 2019-11-22.
"Robot density rises globally". Robotic Industries Association. 8 February 2018. Archived from the original on 2020-11-23. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
Hunt, V. Daniel (1985). "Smart Robots". Smart Robots: A Handbook of Intelligent Robotic Systems. Chapman and Hall. p. 141. ISBN 978-1-4613-2533-8. Archived from the original on 2023-03-15. Retrieved 2018-12-04.
Pinto, Jim (1 October 2003). "Fully automated factories approach reality". Automation World. Archived from the original on 2011-10-01. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
"Focal Points Seminar on review articles in the future of work – Safety and health at work". European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. Archived from the original on 2020-01-25. Retrieved 2016-04-19.
"Robotics: Redefining crime prevention, public safety and security". SourceSecurity.com. Archived from the original on 2017-10-09. Retrieved 2016-09-16.
"Draft Standard for Intelligent Assist Devices — Personnel Safety Requirements" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-11-25. Retrieved 2016-06-01.
"ISO/TS 15066:2016 – Robots and robotic devices – Collaborative robots". 8 March 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-10-10. Retrieved 2016-06-01.
"Career: Robotics Engineer". Princeton Review. 2012. Archived from the original on 2015-01-21. Retrieved 2012-01-27.
Toy, Tommy (29 June 2011). "Outlook for robotics and Automation for 2011 and beyond are excellent says expert". PBT Consulting. Archived from the original on 2012-01-27. Retrieved 2012-01-27.
"Robotics – Thematic Research". GlobalData. Archived from the original on 2021-09-28. Retrieved 2021-09-22.
NOVA conversation with Professor Moravec, October 1997. NOVA Online Archived 2017-08-02 at the Wayback Machine
Agarwal, P. K. Elements of Physics XI. Rastogi Publications. p. 2. ISBN 978-81-7133-911-2. Archived from the original on 2013-10-09. Retrieved 2015-10-18.
Sandhana, Lakshmi (5 September 2002). "A Theory of Evolution, for Robots". Wired. Archived from the original on 2014-03-29. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
"Experimental Evolution In Robots Probes The Emergence Of Biological Communication". Science Daily. 24 February 2007. Archived from the original on 2018-11-16. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
"Evolution trains robot teams TRN 051904". Technology Research News. Archived from the original on 2016-06-23. Retrieved 2009-01-22.
Dragani, Rachelle (8 November 2018). "Can a robot make you a 'superworker'?". Verizon Communications. Archived from the original on 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2018-12-03.

wikiwix.com (Global: 103^rd place; English: 872^nd place)

archive.wikiwix.com

Grift, Tony E. (2004). "Agricultural Robotics". University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. Archived from the original on 2007-05-04. Retrieved 2018-12-03.

wiley.com (Global: 150^th place; English: 174^th place)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Burn, K.; Short, M.; Bicker, R. (July 2003). "Adaptive and Nonlinear Fuzzy Force Control Techniques Applied to Robots Operating in Uncertain Environments". Journal of Robotic Systems. 20 (7): 391–400. doi:10.1002/rob.10093. ISSN 0741-2223. Archived from the original on 2022-11-26. Retrieved 2023-03-15.

wired.com (Global: 254^th place; English: 178^th place)

Sandhana, Lakshmi (5 September 2002). "A Theory of Evolution, for Robots". Wired. Archived from the original on 2014-03-29. Retrieved 2007-10-28.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Zhang, Jun; Zhao, Ning; Qu, Feiyang (15 November 2022). "Bio-inspired flapping wing robots with foldable or deformable wings: a review". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 18 (1): 011002. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/ac9ef5. ISSN 1748-3182. PMID 36317380. S2CID 253246037.
Shin, Won Dong; Park, Jaejun; Park, Hae-Won (1 September 2019). "Development and experiments of a bio-inspired robot with multi-mode in aerial and terrestrial locomotion". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 14 (5): 056009. Bibcode:2019BiBi...14e6009S. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/ab2ab7. ISSN 1748-3182. PMID 31212268. S2CID 195066183.
Daler, Ludovic; Mintchev, Stefano; Stefanini, Cesare; Floreano, Dario (19 January 2015). "A bioinspired multi-modal flying and walking robot". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 10 (1) 016005. Bibcode:2015BiBi...10a6005D. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/10/1/016005. ISSN 1748-3190. PMID 25599118. S2CID 11132948.
Savastano, E.; Perez-Sanchez, V.; Arrue, B.C.; Ollero, A. (July 2022). "High-Performance Morphing Wing for Large-Scale Bio-Inspired Unmanned Aerial Vehicles". IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters. 7 (3): 8076–8083. Bibcode:2022IRAL....7.8076S. doi:10.1109/LRA.2022.3185389. ISSN 2377-3766. S2CID 250008824.
Grant, Daniel T.; Abdulrahim, Mujahid; Lind, Rick (June 2010). "Flight Dynamics of a Morphing Aircraft Utilizing Independent Multiple-Joint Wing Sweep". International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles. 2 (2): 91–106. doi:10.1260/1756-8293.2.2.91. ISSN 1756-8293. S2CID 110577545.
Kilian, Lukas; Shahid, Farzeen; Zhao, Jing-Shan; Nayeri, Christian Navid (1 July 2022). "Bioinspired morphing wings: mechanical design and wind tunnel experiments". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 17 (4): 046019. Bibcode:2022BiBi...17d6019K. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/ac72e1. ISSN 1748-3182. PMID 35609562. S2CID 249045806.
Phan, Hoang Vu; Park, Hoon Cheol (4 December 2020). "Mechanisms of collision recovery in flying beetles and flapping-wing robots". Science. 370 (6521): 1214–1219. Bibcode:2020Sci...370.1214P. doi:10.1126/science.abd3285. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 33273101. S2CID 227257247.
Balta, Miquel; Deb, Dipan; Taha, Haithem E (26 October 2021). "Flow visualization and force measurement of the clapping effect in bio-inspired flying robots". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 16 (6): 066020. Bibcode:2021BiBi...16f6020B. doi:10.1088/1748-3190/ac2b00. ISSN 1748-3182. PMID 34584023. S2CID 238217893.
Corke, Peter (2017). Robotics, Vision and Control. Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics. Vol. 118. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54413-7. ISBN 978-3-319-54412-0. ISSN 1610-7438. Archived from the original on 2022-10-20. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
Brogårdh, Torgny (January 2007). "Present and future robot control development—An industrial perspective". Annual Reviews in Control. 31 (1): 69–79. doi:10.1016/j.arcontrol.2007.01.002. ISSN 1367-5788.
Short, Michael; Burn, Kevin (1 April 2011). "A generic controller architecture for intelligent robotic systems". Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. 27 (2): 292–305. doi:10.1016/j.rcim.2010.07.013. ISSN 0736-5845.
Ray, Partha Pratim (2016). "Internet of Robotic Things: Concept, Technologies, and Challenges". IEEE Access. 4: 9489–9500. Bibcode:2016IEEEA...4.9489R. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2647747. ISSN 2169-3536. S2CID 9273802.
Burn, K.; Short, M.; Bicker, R. (July 2003). "Adaptive and Nonlinear Fuzzy Force Control Techniques Applied to Robots Operating in Uncertain Environments". Journal of Robotic Systems. 20 (7): 391–400. doi:10.1002/rob.10093. ISSN 0741-2223. Archived from the original on 2022-11-26. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
Burn, Kevin; Home, Geoffrey (1 May 2008). "Environment classification using Kohonen self-organizing maps". Expert Systems. 25 (2): 98–114. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0394.2008.00441.x. ISSN 0266-4720. S2CID 33369232.
Khan, Asharul Islam; Al-Habsi, Salim (1 January 2020). "Machine Learning in Computer Vision". Procedia Computer Science. International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Data Science. 167: 1444–1451. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2020.03.355. ISSN 1877-0509.
Arámbula Cosío, F.; Hibberd, R. D.; Davies, B. L. (July 1997). "Electromagnetic compatibility aspects of active robotic systems for surgery: the robotic prostatectomy experience". Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing. 35 (4): 436–440. doi:10.1007/BF02534105. ISSN 1741-0444. PMID 9327627. S2CID 21479700.

youtube.com (Global: 13^th place; English: 14^th place)

"Dexter Jumps video". YouTube. 1 March 2007. Archived from the original on 2021-10-30. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
Capuchin on YouTube
Wallbot on YouTube
Stanford University: Stickybot on YouTube
"Festo – AquaPenguin". 17 April 2009 – via YouTube.

Robotics (English Wikipedia)

2xlrobot.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

abc7chicago.com (Global: 4,572nd place; English: 2,316th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

afim-asso.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

smc.afim-asso.org

amazon.science (Global: low place; English: low place)

andyrobot.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

anybots.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

archive-it.org (Global: 1,292nd place; English: 869th place)

wayback.archive-it.org

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

armradio.am (Global: 9,859th place; English: 8,520th place)

en.armradio.am

ati-ia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

automationworld.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

bbc.com (Global: 26th place; English: 23rd place)

bipedalrobotics.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

boeing.com (Global: 1,664th place; English: 1,611th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

bostonglobe.com (Global: 657th place; English: 344th place)

botjunkie.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

calcalistech.com (Global: low place; English: 6,949th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209th place; English: 151st place)

cmu.edu (Global: 2,125th place; English: 1,347th place)

cmu.edu

cs.cmu.edu

cnbc.com (Global: 303rd place; English: 191st place)

cnn.com (Global: 36th place; English: 26th place)

colorado.edu (Global: 2,916th place; English: 1,912th place)

engineering.colorado.edu

consumerreports.org (Global: 6,864th place; English: 4,243rd place)

cyberneticzoo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

dnb.de (Global: 847th place; English: 8,579th place)

portal.dnb.de

dndkm.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

dragon-medical-transcription.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

embedded.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

empa.ch (Global: low place; English: low place)

engineering.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

essex.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: 6,858th place)

cswww.essex.ac.uk

europa.eu (Global: 62nd place; English: 100th place)

osha.europa.eu

forbes.com (Global: 71st place; English: 54th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64th place; English: 28th place)

globaldata.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

store.globaldata.com

hackaday.com (Global: low place; English: 7,931st place)

hansonrobotics.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

hexapodrobot.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

hizook.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

honda.com (Global: 6,814th place; English: 4,587th place)

world.honda.com

ibiblio.org (Global: 1,093rd place; English: 690th place)

ieee.org (Global: 912th place; English: 722nd place)

spectrum.ieee.org

illinois.edu (Global: 1,178th place; English: 745th place)

motion.cs.illinois.edu

imagesco.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

iop.org (Global: 1,046th place; English: 1,608th place)

iopscience.iop.org

iothub.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

iso.org (Global: 1,190th place; English: 1,097th place)

isplash-robotics.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

kmutt.ac.th (Global: low place; English: low place)

fibo.kmutt.ac.th

kwc.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

linearmotiontips.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

lth.se (Global: low place; English: low place)

elmat.lth.se

machinery.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

mit.edu (Global: 476th place; English: 340th place)

ai.mit.edu

news.mit.edu

moomoo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

mtoussaint.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

abc7chicago.com (Global: 4,572^nd place; English: 2,316^th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

archive-it.org (Global: 1,292^nd place; English: 869^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

armradio.am (Global: 9,859^th place; English: 8,520^th place)

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

boeing.com (Global: 1,664^th place; English: 1,611^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

bostonglobe.com (Global: 657^th place; English: 344^th place)

calcalistech.com (Global: low place; English: 6,949^th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

cmu.edu (Global: 2,125^th place; English: 1,347^th place)

cnbc.com (Global: 303^rd place; English: 191^st place)

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

colorado.edu (Global: 2,916^th place; English: 1,912^th place)

consumerreports.org (Global: 6,864^th place; English: 4,243^rd place)

dnb.de (Global: 847^th place; English: 8,579^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

essex.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: 6,858^th place)

europa.eu (Global: 62^nd place; English: 100^th place)

forbes.com (Global: 71^st place; English: 54^th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

hackaday.com (Global: low place; English: 7,931^st place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

honda.com (Global: 6,814^th place; English: 4,587^th place)

ibiblio.org (Global: 1,093^rd place; English: 690^th place)

ieee.org (Global: 912^th place; English: 722^nd place)

illinois.edu (Global: 1,178^th place; English: 745^th place)

iop.org (Global: 1,046^th place; English: 1,608^th place)

iso.org (Global: 1,190^th place; English: 1,097^th place)

mit.edu (Global: 476^th place; English: 340^th place)

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; English: 73^rd place)

newatlas.com (Global: 5,974^th place; English: 3,758^th place)

newint.org (Global: low place; English: 9,720^th place)

newspapers.com (Global: 24^th place; English: 12^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

northwestern.edu (Global: 2,347^th place; English: 1,308^th place)

npr.org (Global: 114^th place; English: 75^th place)

pbs.org (Global: 260^th place; English: 176^th place)

princetonreview.com (Global: low place; English: 9,406^th place)

prnewswire.com (Global: 546^th place; English: 310^th place)

proquest.com (Global: 121^st place; English: 59^th place)

science.org (Global: 1,007^th place; English: 665^th place)

sciencedaily.com (Global: 1,390^th place; English: 1,286^th place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

scifi.com (Global: 5,086^th place; English: 3,095^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

smu.edu (Global: 7,414^th place; English: 4,196^th place)

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

ted.com (Global: 2,839^th place; English: 2,020^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

time.com (Global: 84^th place; English: 63^rd place)

tudelft.nl (Global: 7,254^th place; English: 5,846^th place)

typepad.com (Global: 1,805^th place; English: 1,102^nd place)