Roman Empire (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Roman Empire" in English language version.

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Nicolet (1991), pp. 1, 15. Nicolet, Claude (1991). Space, Geography, and Politics in the Early Roman Empire. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-10096-5.
Goldsworthy (2009), p. 50. Goldsworthy, Adrian Keith (2009). How Rome Fell: Death of a Superpower. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-13719-4. Commodus Gibbon
Goldsworthy (2009), pp. 405–415. Goldsworthy, Adrian Keith (2009). How Rome Fell: Death of a Superpower. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-13719-4. Commodus Gibbon
Nicolet (1991), p. 29. Nicolet, Claude (1991). Space, Geography, and Politics in the Early Roman Empire. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-10096-5.
Nicolet (1991), p. 29; Virgil, p. 1.278; Mattingly, David J. (2011). Imperialism, Power, and Identity: Experiencing the Roman Empire. Princeton University Press. p. 15.; Moretti, G (1993), "The Other World and the 'Antipodes': The Myth of Unknown Countries between Antiquity and the Renaissance", in de Gruyter, Walter (ed.), The Classical Tradition and the Americas: European Images of the Americas, p. 257; Southern, Pat (2001). The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine. Routledge. pp. 14–16. ISBN 978-0-415-23943-1. Nicolet, Claude (1991). Space, Geography, and Politics in the Early Roman Empire. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-10096-5. Virgil. Aeneid.
Mosley, Stephen (2010). The Environment in World History. Routledge. p. 35.
Nicolet (1991), pp. 7, 8. Nicolet, Claude (1991). Space, Geography, and Politics in the Early Roman Empire. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-10096-5.
Nicolet (1991), pp. 9, 16. Nicolet, Claude (1991). Space, Geography, and Politics in the Early Roman Empire. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-10096-5.
Nicolet (1991), pp. 10, 11. Nicolet, Claude (1991). Space, Geography, and Politics in the Early Roman Empire. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-10096-5.
Guiter, Henri (1995). "Sur le substrat gaulois dans la Romania". In Bochnakowa, Anna; Widlak, Stanislan (eds.). Munus amicitae. Studia linguistica in honorem Witoldi Manczak septuagenarii. Krakow.; Roegiest, Eugeen (2006). Vers les sources des langues romanes: Un itinéraire linguistique à travers la Romania. Acco. p. 83.; Savignac, Jean-Paul (2004). Dictionnaire Français-Gaulois. La Différence. p. 26.; Matasovic, Ranko (2007). "Insular Celtic as a Language Area". Papers from the Workship within the Framework of the XIII International Congress of Celtic Studies: 106. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help); Adams, J. N. (2007). "V – Regionalisms in provincial texts: Gaul". The Regional Diversification of Latin 200 BC – AD 600. pp. 279–289. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511482977. ISBN 978-0-511-48297-7.
Tignor, Robert; et al. (2011). Worlds Together, Worlds Apart: The History of the World (3rd ed.). W.W. Norton & Company. p. 262. ISBN 978-0-393-93492-2.
Ulrich, Roger Bradley (2007). Roman Woodworking. Yale University Press. pp. 1–2. ISBN 978-0300103410.
Bowersock, Brown & Grabar (1999), p. 455. Bowersock, Glen Warren; Brown, Peter; Grabar, Oleg (1999). Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World. Harvard University Press. p. 625. ISBN 978-0-674-51173-6.
Roberts (1989), p. 3. Roberts, Michael John (1989). The Jeweled Style: Poetry and Poetics in Late Antiquity. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-2265-2.
Roberts (1989), p. 70. Roberts, Michael John (1989). The Jeweled Style: Poetry and Poetics in Late Antiquity. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-2265-2.
Bowersock, Brown & Grabar (1999), p. 625. Bowersock, Glen Warren; Brown, Peter; Grabar, Oleg (1999). Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World. Harvard University Press. p. 625. ISBN 978-0-674-51173-6.
MacDonald, William L. (1976). The Pantheon: Design, Meaning, and Progeny. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-01019-1.
Brown, Peter (1998). "Christianization and religious conflict". In Cameron, Averil; Garnsey, Peter (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. XIII: The Late Empire, A.D. 337–425. Cambridge University Press. pp. 634, 640, 651. ISBN 978-0-521-30200-5.

arquivo.pt

Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D. (2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires" (PDF). Journal of World-Systems Research. 12 (2): 222. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2016.

arxiv.org

Harris (1999), pp. 62–75; Taylor, Timothy (2010). "Believing the ancients: Quantitative and qualitative dimensions of slavery and the slave trade in later prehistoric Eurasia". World Archaeology. 33 (1): 27–43. arXiv:0706.4406. doi:10.1080/00438240120047618. S2CID 162250553. Harris, W. V. (1999). "Demography, Geography and the Sources of Roman Slaves". The Journal of Roman Studies. 89: 62–75. doi:10.2307/300734. JSTOR 300734. S2CID 162766304.

bbc.co.uk

Peter, Heather. "The Fall of Rome". BBC. Archived from the original on 28 March 2020. Retrieved 11 February 2020.

books.google.com

Ancient Rome: The Definitive Visual History. Dorling Kindersley Limited. 2023. p. 276. ISBN 978-0-241-63575-9. Archived from the original on 22 June 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
Classen, Albrecht (2010). "The changing shape of Europe". Handbook of Medieval Studies: Terms – Methods – Trends. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-021558-8. Archived from the original on 10 March 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2023. Constantine the Great transferred the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to the newly-founded city of Constantinople
Price, Jonathan J.; Finkelberg, Margalit; Shahar, Yuval (2022). Rome: An Empire of Many Nations. Cambridge University Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-009-25622-3. Archived from the original on 22 June 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023. the capital of the Empire was transferred from Rome to Constantinople in the fourth century
Erdkamp, Paul (2013). The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Rome. Cambridge University Press. p. 202. ISBN 978-0-521-89629-0. Constantine sounded the death knell for Rome as a vital political centre with the dedication of his new imperial capital at Constantinople
Bjornlie, M. Shane (2013). Politics and Tradition Between Rome, Ravenna and Constantinople: A Study of Cassiodorus and the Variae, 527–554. Cambridge University Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-107-02840-1. Archived from the original on 22 June 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023. As a new capital, Constantinople provided a stage for imperial prestige that did not depend on association with the traditions of the senatorial establishment at Rome
Coffler, Gail H. (2004). Melville's Allusions to Religion: A Comprehensive Index and Glossary: A Comprehensive Index and Glossary. ABC-CLIO. p. 181. ISBN 978-0-313-07270-3. Archived from the original on 22 June 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023. It became Constantinople, capital of the entire Roman Empire
Maxwell, Kathleen (2016). "Art and Diplomacy in Late Thirteenth-century Constantinople: Paris 54 and the Union of Churches". Between Constantinople and Rome: An Illuminated Byzantine Gospel Book (Paris gr. 54) and the Union of Churches. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-95584-3. Archived from the original on 22 June 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023. Constantine the Great, the emperor who moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Constantinople
Grig, Lucy; Kelly, Gavin (2012). Two Romes: Rome and Constantinople in Late Antiquity. Oxford University Press. p. 237. ISBN 978-0-19-992118-8. Archived from the original on 10 March 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
Loewenstein, K. (2012). The Governance of ROME. Springer. p. 443. ISBN 978-94-010-2400-6. Archived from the original on 22 June 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
Harris, Jonathan (2009). Constantinople: Capital of Byzantium. A&C Black. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-8264-3086-1. Archived from the original on 22 June 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
Tricht, Filip Van (2011). The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium: The Empire of Constantinople (1204–1228). Brill. pp. 61–82. ISBN 978-9004203235. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
Feeney, Denis (2016). Beyond Greek: The Beginnings of Latin Literature. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-49604-0. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
Dickey, Eleanor (2023). Latin Loanwords in Ancient Greek: A Lexicon and Analysis. Cambridge University Press. p. 651. ISBN 978-1-108-89734-1. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
Bloomer, W. Martin (1997). Latinity and Literary Society at Rome. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-8122-3390-2. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.

britannica.com

"Apollodorus of Damascus". Britannica. 13 February 2024. Archived from the original on 21 May 2008. Retrieved 26 August 2012.; Sarton, George (1936). "The Unity and Diversity of the Mediterranean World". Osiris. 2: 406–463 (430). doi:10.1086/368462. S2CID 143379839.; Calcani, Giuliana; Abdulkarim, Maamoun (2003). Apollodorus of Damascus and Trajan's Column: From Tradition to Project. L'Erma di Bretschneider. p. 11. ISBN 978-88-8265-233-3.; Yan, Hong-Sen; Ceccarelli, Marco (2009). International Symposium on History of Machines and Mechanisms: Proceedings of HMM 2008. Springer. p. 86. ISBN 978-1-4020-9484-2.

cambridge.org

Rochette (1997, 2010, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2007), J. N. Adams (2003), Kearsley and Evans (2001), Binder (2000: 21–48), Rizakis (1995, 2008), Holford-Strevens (1993), Petersmann (1992), Dubuisson (1981, 1992a, 1992b), Millar (2006a: 84–93), Mullen (2011), Garcea (2019), Fournet (2019), Rapp (2019), Nocchi Macedo(2019), Pellizzari (2019), Rhoby (2019), Ghiretti (1996), García Domingo (1983), Zgusta (1980), Kaimio (1979a, 1979b), Hahn (1906), Mullen and James (2012), Stein (1915: 132–186) as cited in Dickey, Eleanor (2023). Latin Loanwords in Ancient Greek: A Lexicon and Analysis (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 4. doi:10.1017/9781108888387. ISBN 978-1-108-88838-7. S2CID 258920619. Archived from the original on 9 February 2024. Retrieved 17 August 2023.

ccel.org

Gibbon, Edward (1776), "The Decline And Fall in the West – Chapter 4", The History of the Decline And Fall of the Roman Empire, archived from the original on 24 August 2017, retrieved 27 June 2017

doi.org

Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D". Social Science History. 3 (3/4): 125. doi:10.2307/1170959. JSTOR 1170959.
Durand, John D. (1977). "Historical Estimates of World Population: An Evaluation". Population and Development Review. 3 (3): 253–296. doi:10.2307/1971891. JSTOR 1971891. Archived from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
Wolff, Robert Lee (1948). "Romania: The Latin Empire of Constantinople". Speculum. 23 (1): 1–34, especially 2–3. doi:10.2307/2853672. JSTOR 2853672. S2CID 162802725.
Goldsmith, Raymond W. (2005). "An Estimate of the Size And Structure of the National Product of the Early Roman Empire". Review of Income and Wealth. 30 (3): 263–288. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1984.tb00552.x.
Scheidel, Walter (April 2006). "Population and demography" (PDF). Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics. p. 9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 November 2018. Retrieved 25 July 2009.; Hanson, J. W.; Ortman, S. G. (2017). "A systematic method for estimating the populations of Greek and Roman settlements". Journal of Roman Archaeology. 30: 301–324. doi:10.1017/S1047759400074134. S2CID 165770409.
Rochette (2018), p. 123. Rochette, Bruno (2018). "Was there a Roman linguistic imperialism during the Republic and the early Principate?". Lingue e Linguaggio (1/2018): 107–128. doi:10.1418/90426. ISSN 1720-9331. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
Rochette (2012), pp. 562–563 Rochette, Bruno (2012). "Language Policies in the Roman Republic and Empire". A Companion to the Latin Language. pp. 549–563. doi:10.1002/9781444343397.ch30. hdl:2268/35932. ISBN 978-1-4443-4339-7. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
Rochette (2018), p. 108. Rochette, Bruno (2018). "Was there a Roman linguistic imperialism during the Republic and the early Principate?". Lingue e Linguaggio (1/2018): 107–128. doi:10.1418/90426. ISSN 1720-9331. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
Rochette (2018), p. 117. Rochette, Bruno (2018). "Was there a Roman linguistic imperialism during the Republic and the early Principate?". Lingue e Linguaggio (1/2018): 107–128. doi:10.1418/90426. ISSN 1720-9331. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
Rochette (1997, 2010, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2007), J. N. Adams (2003), Kearsley and Evans (2001), Binder (2000: 21–48), Rizakis (1995, 2008), Holford-Strevens (1993), Petersmann (1992), Dubuisson (1981, 1992a, 1992b), Millar (2006a: 84–93), Mullen (2011), Garcea (2019), Fournet (2019), Rapp (2019), Nocchi Macedo(2019), Pellizzari (2019), Rhoby (2019), Ghiretti (1996), García Domingo (1983), Zgusta (1980), Kaimio (1979a, 1979b), Hahn (1906), Mullen and James (2012), Stein (1915: 132–186) as cited in Dickey, Eleanor (2023). Latin Loanwords in Ancient Greek: A Lexicon and Analysis (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 4. doi:10.1017/9781108888387. ISBN 978-1-108-88838-7. S2CID 258920619. Archived from the original on 9 February 2024. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
Rochette (2012), p. 556; Adams (2003), p. 200 Rochette, Bruno (2012). "Language Policies in the Roman Republic and Empire". A Companion to the Latin Language. pp. 549–563. doi:10.1002/9781444343397.ch30. hdl:2268/35932. ISBN 978-1-4443-4339-7. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2022. Adams, J. N. (2003). "'Romanitas' and the Latin Language". Classical Quarterly. 53 (1): 184–205. doi:10.1093/cq/53.1.184.
Batstone, William W. (2006). "Literature". In Rosenstein, Nathan; Morstein-Marx, Robert (eds.). A Companion to the Roman Republic (1 ed.). Wiley. pp. 543–564. doi:10.1002/9780470996980.ch25. ISBN 978-1-4051-0217-9. Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
Adams 2003, pp. 188, 197; Freeman 2000, p. 394; Rochette 2012, p. 549 Adams, J. N. (2003). "'Romanitas' and the Latin Language". Classical Quarterly. 53 (1): 184–205. doi:10.1093/cq/53.1.184. Freeman, Charles (2000) [1999]. The Greek achievement: the Foundation of the Western World. New York: Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-88515-2. Rochette, Bruno (2012). "Language Policies in the Roman Republic and Empire". A Companion to the Latin Language. pp. 549–563. doi:10.1002/9781444343397.ch30. hdl:2268/35932. ISBN 978-1-4443-4339-7. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
Rochette (2018), p. 122. Rochette, Bruno (2018). "Was there a Roman linguistic imperialism during the Republic and the early Principate?". Lingue e Linguaggio (1/2018): 107–128. doi:10.1418/90426. ISSN 1720-9331. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
Adams (2003), p. 205. Adams, J. N. (2003). "'Romanitas' and the Latin Language". Classical Quarterly. 53 (1): 184–205. doi:10.1093/cq/53.1.184.
Rochette 2023, p. 263, 268; Rochette 2018, pp. 114–115, 118. Rochette, Bruno (2023). Mullen, Alex (ed.). "The Attitude of the Roman Emperors towards Language Practices". Social Factors in the Latinization of the Roman West (1 ed.). Oxford: Oxford Academic: 258–285. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198887294.003.0012. ISBN 978-0-19-888729-4. Archived from the original on 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023. Rochette, Bruno (2018). "Was there a Roman linguistic imperialism during the Republic and the early Principate?". Lingue e Linguaggio (1/2018): 107–128. doi:10.1418/90426. ISSN 1720-9331. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
Rochette (2018). Rochette, Bruno (2018). "Was there a Roman linguistic imperialism during the Republic and the early Principate?". Lingue e Linguaggio (1/2018): 107–128. doi:10.1418/90426. ISSN 1720-9331. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
Adams (2003), pp. 185–186, 205. Adams, J. N. (2003). "'Romanitas' and the Latin Language". Classical Quarterly. 53 (1): 184–205. doi:10.1093/cq/53.1.184.
Rochette (2018), pp. 108–109. Rochette, Bruno (2018). "Was there a Roman linguistic imperialism during the Republic and the early Principate?". Lingue e Linguaggio (1/2018): 107–128. doi:10.1418/90426. ISSN 1720-9331. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
Carlton, Charles Merritt (1973). A linguistic analysis of a collection of late Latin documents composed in Ravenna between A.D. 445–700. doi:10.1515/9783111636221. ISBN 9783111636221. Archived from the original on 10 March 2024. Retrieved 17 August 2023. "page 37. According to Pei & Gaeng (1976: 76–81), the decisive moment came with the Islamic conquest of North Africa and Iberia, which was followed by numerous raids on land and by sea. All this had the effect of disrupting connections between the western Romance-speaking regions.
Rochette (2012), p. 550; Zimmer, Stefan (2006). "Indo-European". Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-Clio. p. 961. Rochette, Bruno (2012). "Language Policies in the Roman Republic and Empire". A Companion to the Latin Language. pp. 549–563. doi:10.1002/9781444343397.ch30. hdl:2268/35932. ISBN 978-1-4443-4339-7. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
Curchin, Leonard A. (1995). "Literacy in the Roman Provinces: Qualitative and Quantitative Data from Central Spain". The American Journal of Philology. 116 (3): 461–476 (464). doi:10.2307/295333. JSTOR 295333.
Rochette (2012), pp. 558–559. Rochette, Bruno (2012). "Language Policies in the Roman Republic and Empire". A Companion to the Latin Language. pp. 549–563. doi:10.1002/9781444343397.ch30. hdl:2268/35932. ISBN 978-1-4443-4339-7. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
Adams (2003), p. 199. Adams, J. N. (2003). "'Romanitas' and the Latin Language". Classical Quarterly. 53 (1): 184–205. doi:10.1093/cq/53.1.184.
Guiter, Henri (1995). "Sur le substrat gaulois dans la Romania". In Bochnakowa, Anna; Widlak, Stanislan (eds.). Munus amicitae. Studia linguistica in honorem Witoldi Manczak septuagenarii. Krakow.; Roegiest, Eugeen (2006). Vers les sources des langues romanes: Un itinéraire linguistique à travers la Romania. Acco. p. 83.; Savignac, Jean-Paul (2004). Dictionnaire Français-Gaulois. La Différence. p. 26.; Matasovic, Ranko (2007). "Insular Celtic as a Language Area". Papers from the Workship within the Framework of the XIII International Congress of Celtic Studies: 106. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help); Adams, J. N. (2007). "V – Regionalisms in provincial texts: Gaul". The Regional Diversification of Latin 200 BC – AD 600. pp. 279–289. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511482977. ISBN 978-0-511-48297-7.
Millar (2012), pp. 81–82. Millar, Fergus (2012). "Empire and City, Augustus to Julian: Obligations, Excuses and Status". Journal of Roman Studies. 73: 76–96. doi:10.2307/300073. JSTOR 300073. S2CID 159799017.
Cantarella, Eva (1987). Pandora's Daughters: The Role and Status of Women in Greek and Roman Antiquity. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 140–141.; Sullivan, J.P. (1979). "Martial's Sexual Attitudes". Philologus. 123 (1–2): 296. doi:10.1524/phil.1979.123.12.288. S2CID 163347317.
McGinn, Thomas A. J. (1991). "Concubinage and the Lex Iulia on Adultery". Transactions of the American Philological Association. 121: 335–375 (342). doi:10.2307/284457. JSTOR 284457.; Mussbaum, Martha C. (2002). "The Incomplete Feminism of Musonius Rufus, Platonist, Stoic, and Roman". The Sleep of Reason: Erotic Experience and Sexual Ethics in Ancient Greece and Rome. University of Chicago Press. p. 305., noting that custom "allowed much latitude for personal negotiation and gradual social change"; Fantham, Elaine (2011). "Stuprum: Public Attitudes and Penalties for Sexual Offences in Republican Rome". Roman Readings: Roman Response to Greek Literature from Plautus to Statius and Quintilian. Walter de Gruyter. p. 124., citing Papinian, De adulteriis I and Modestinus, Liber Regularum I. Cantarella, Eva (2002) [1988 (Italian), 1992]. Bisexuality in the Ancient World. Yale University Press. p. 104.; Edwards (2007), pp. 34–35 Edwards, Catharine (2007). Death in Ancient Rome. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11208-5.
Harris (1999), pp. 62–75; Taylor, Timothy (2010). "Believing the ancients: Quantitative and qualitative dimensions of slavery and the slave trade in later prehistoric Eurasia". World Archaeology. 33 (1): 27–43. arXiv:0706.4406. doi:10.1080/00438240120047618. S2CID 162250553. Harris, W. V. (1999). "Demography, Geography and the Sources of Roman Slaves". The Journal of Roman Studies. 89: 62–75. doi:10.2307/300734. JSTOR 300734. S2CID 162766304.
Gamauf, Richard (2009). "Slaves doing business: The role of Roman law in the economy of a Roman household". European Review of History. 16 (3): 331–346. doi:10.1080/13507480902916837. S2CID 145609520.
Harper, James (1972). "Slaves and Freedmen in Imperial Rome". American Journal of Philology. 93 (2): 341–342. doi:10.2307/293259. JSTOR 293259.
Harris (1999). Harris, W. V. (1999). "Demography, Geography and the Sources of Roman Slaves". The Journal of Roman Studies. 89: 62–75. doi:10.2307/300734. JSTOR 300734. S2CID 162766304.
Boardman (2000), pp. 215, 221–222; Millar (2012), p. 88, The standard complement of 600 was flexible; twenty quaestors, for instance, held office each year and were thus admitted to the Senate regardless of whether there were "open" seats Boardman, John, ed. (2000). The Cambridge Ancient History: The High Empire, A.D. 70–192. Vol. 11. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-26335-1. Millar, Fergus (2012). "Empire and City, Augustus to Julian: Obligations, Excuses and Status". Journal of Roman Studies. 73: 76–96. doi:10.2307/300073. JSTOR 300073. S2CID 159799017.
Millar (2012), p. 88. Millar, Fergus (2012). "Empire and City, Augustus to Julian: Obligations, Excuses and Status". Journal of Roman Studies. 73: 76–96. doi:10.2307/300073. JSTOR 300073. S2CID 159799017.
MacMullen, Ramsay (1966). "Provincial Languages in the Roman Empire". The American Journal of Philology. 87 (1): 1–17. doi:10.2307/292973. JSTOR 292973.
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