References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Roman dictator" in the English version

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Flower 2010, p. 133. "As has been persuasively argued, Sulla conceived of his dictatorship in quasi-republican terms, as a special office undertaken to perform a specific task, namely, the establishment of a constitutional (republican) form of government". Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8.

Flower 2010, p. 120. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8.

Flower 2010, p. 133. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8.

doi.org

Vervaet 2015, "Procedures and Powers" para 1. Vervaet, Frederik Juliaan (2015-12-22). "dictator". Oxford Classical Dictionary. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2151. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Retrieved 2022-02-19.

Vervaet 2015, "Procedures and Powers", paragraph 1. Vervaet, Frederik Juliaan (2015-12-22). "dictator". Oxford Classical Dictionary. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2151. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Retrieved 2022-02-19.

Vervaet 2015, "Procedures and Powers" para 2. Vervaet, Frederik Juliaan (2015-12-22). "dictator". Oxford Classical Dictionary. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2151. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Retrieved 2022-02-19.

Vervaet 2015, "Key Features as a Magistracy of the People" paragraph 2. Vervaet, Frederik Juliaan (2015-12-22). "dictator". Oxford Classical Dictionary. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2151. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Retrieved 2022-02-19.

Vervaet 2015, "Procedures and Powers" para 3. Vervaet, Frederik Juliaan (2015-12-22). "dictator". Oxford Classical Dictionary. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2151. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Retrieved 2022-02-19.

Vervaet 2015, "Key Features as a Magistracy of the People" para 2. Vervaet, Frederik Juliaan (2015-12-22). "dictator". Oxford Classical Dictionary. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2151. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Retrieved 2022-02-19.

Vervaet 2015, "Role and Significance in the Early and Middle Republic" para 3. Vervaet, Frederik Juliaan (2015-12-22). "dictator". Oxford Classical Dictionary. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2151. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Retrieved 2022-02-19.

Vervaet 2015, "Role and Significance in the Early and Middle Republic" paragraph 3. Vervaet, Frederik Juliaan (2015-12-22). "dictator". Oxford Classical Dictionary. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2151. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Retrieved 2022-02-19.

Vervaet 2015, "Key Features as a Magistracy of the People" para 1. Vervaet, Frederik Juliaan (2015-12-22). "dictator". Oxford Classical Dictionary. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2151. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Retrieved 2022-02-19.

Sherwin-White & Lintott 2012. Sherwin-White, AN; Lintott, Andrew (2012). "dictator". In Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (eds.). The Oxford classical dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 448. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2151. ISBN 978-0-19-954556-8. OCLC 959667246.

Vervaet 2015, "Role and Significance in the Early and Middle Republic" para 2. Vervaet, Frederik Juliaan (2015-12-22). "dictator". Oxford Classical Dictionary. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2151. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Retrieved 2022-02-19.

Vervaet 2015, "Role and Significance in the Early and Middle Republic" paragraphs 3, 4. Vervaet, Frederik Juliaan (2015-12-22). "dictator". Oxford Classical Dictionary. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2151. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Retrieved 2022-02-19.

Vervaet 2015, "Role and Significance in the Early and Middle Republic" paragraph 4. Vervaet, Frederik Juliaan (2015-12-22). "dictator". Oxford Classical Dictionary. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2151. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Retrieved 2022-02-19.

Vervaet 2015, "Role and Significance in the Early and Middle Republic" para 5. Vervaet, Frederik Juliaan (2015-12-22). "dictator". Oxford Classical Dictionary. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2151. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Retrieved 2022-02-19.

Vervaet 2015, "The Dictatorship of L. Cornelius Sulla, 82–79 BCE". Vervaet, Frederik Juliaan (2015-12-22). "dictator". Oxford Classical Dictionary. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2151. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Retrieved 2022-02-19.

Ramsey, John T (2016). "How and why was Pompey made sole consul in 52 BC?". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 65 (3): 298–324. doi:10.25162/historia-2016-0017. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 45019234. S2CID 252459421.

Vervaet 2015, "Procedures and Powers" para 4. Vervaet, Frederik Juliaan (2015-12-22). "dictator". Oxford Classical Dictionary. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2151. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Retrieved 2022-02-19.

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Crawford 1974, p. 490. Crawford, Michael H (1974). Roman republican coinage. London: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-07492-4. OCLC 1288923.

Wilson 2021, pp. 333, 334. "A dictator's purpose was to move Rome backward, reverting it to the condition of normality in which it existed before the need or crisis arose that required resolution" (emphasis in original). Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, p. 334. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Lintott 1999, p. 109. Lintott, Andrew (1999). The constitution of the Roman Republic. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-815068-7. OCLC 39706770.

Lintott 1999, p. 110. Lintott, Andrew (1999). The constitution of the Roman Republic. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-815068-7. OCLC 39706770.

Drogula 2015, pp. 27–28. (citing Livy, 7.3.5; see also Drogula 2015, p. 15. Drogula, Fred (2015). Commanders & command in the Roman republic and early empire. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-2314-6. OCLC 905949529. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. History of Rome . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Drogula, Fred (2015). Commanders & command in the Roman republic and early empire. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-2314-6. OCLC 905949529.

Ridley 1979, p. 303. Ridley, Ronald T (1979). "The origin of the Roman dictatorship: an overlooked opinion". Rheinisches Museum für Philologie. 122 (3/4): 303–309. ISSN 0035-449X. JSTOR 41244992.

Wilson 2021, p. 35. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Ridley 1979, p. 304. Ridley, Ronald T (1979). "The origin of the Roman dictatorship: an overlooked opinion". Rheinisches Museum für Philologie. 122 (3/4): 303–309. ISSN 0035-449X. JSTOR 41244992.

Lintott 1999, pp. 109–10. Lintott, Andrew (1999). The constitution of the Roman Republic. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-815068-7. OCLC 39706770.

Ridley 1979, p. 304. Ridley attributes this view to Mommsen; he also adds "The often quoted line that the dictatorship was a 'temporary restoration of monarchy' was not in fact Mommsen's real view". Ridley, Ronald T (1979). "The origin of the Roman dictatorship: an overlooked opinion". Rheinisches Museum für Philologie. 122 (3/4): 303–309. ISSN 0035-449X. JSTOR 41244992.

Ridley 1979, pp. 304, 305. Ridley, Ronald T (1979). "The origin of the Roman dictatorship: an overlooked opinion". Rheinisches Museum für Philologie. 122 (3/4): 303–309. ISSN 0035-449X. JSTOR 41244992.

Ridley 1979, p. 305. Ridley, Ronald T (1979). "The origin of the Roman dictatorship: an overlooked opinion". Rheinisches Museum für Philologie. 122 (3/4): 303–309. ISSN 0035-449X. JSTOR 41244992.

Ridley 1979, p. 306. Ridley, Ronald T (1979). "The origin of the Roman dictatorship: an overlooked opinion". Rheinisches Museum für Philologie. 122 (3/4): 303–309. ISSN 0035-449X. JSTOR 41244992.

Drogula 2015, pp. 29–30. Drogula, Fred (2015). Commanders & command in the Roman republic and early empire. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-2314-6. OCLC 905949529.

Ridley 1979, p. 307. Ridley, Ronald T (1979). "The origin of the Roman dictatorship: an overlooked opinion". Rheinisches Museum für Philologie. 122 (3/4): 303–309. ISSN 0035-449X. JSTOR 41244992.

Ridley 1979, pp. 307, 308. Ridley, Ronald T (1979). "The origin of the Roman dictatorship: an overlooked opinion". Rheinisches Museum für Philologie. 122 (3/4): 303–309. ISSN 0035-449X. JSTOR 41244992.

Wilson 2021, p. 124. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, p. 131. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, p. 132. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Lintott 1999, p. 110-11. Lintott, Andrew (1999). The constitution of the Roman Republic. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-815068-7. OCLC 39706770.

Wilson 2021, p. 70. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, p. 89. If a consul were trapped, there would be only one consul able to move about, necessitating a dictator; if the consuls are both occupied at war, a dictator might be appointed to hold elections; if one of the consuls were killed, a dictator might be appointed as substitute before a successor could be elected. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, p. 166. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Lintott 1999, p. 111. Lintott, Andrew (1999). The constitution of the Roman Republic. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-815068-7. OCLC 39706770.

Wilson 2021, p. 158. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Lintott 1999, p. 112. Lintott, Andrew (1999). The constitution of the Roman Republic. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-815068-7. OCLC 39706770.

Lintott 1999, p. 111. "The quarrel between L. Papirius Cursor and his master of horse Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus seems [to illustrate] that the dictator's supreme power did not necessarily extend into the city... [it also showed] that the power of a dictator did not override that of the tribunes—a point attested also by the tradition about appeals against the dictator C. Maenius, and by the threat of a tribune to veto an election held by a dictator". On the threatened veto of elections, see Livy 27.6.2–11. Lintott, Andrew (1999). The constitution of the Roman Republic. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-815068-7. OCLC 39706770.

Eg Wilson 2021, p. 333. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, pp. 248 et seq, 252–53, 256. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, p. 268. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, p. 269. "It is not a coincidence that the first years of extensive use of the proconsulship overlapped with the last years of reliance on the dictatorship". Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, p. 269. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, p. 270. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, p. 275. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Lintott 1999, pp. 112–13. Lintott, Andrew (1999). The constitution of the Roman Republic. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-815068-7. OCLC 39706770.

Wilson 2021, p. 285. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, p. 286, 287. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, pp. 334–336. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, p. 290-91. "Valerius likely oversaw not an election per se... but the passage of a law naming Sulla dictator, following the manner established for Fabius Maximus". Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Badian, Ernst (2012). "Cornelius, Sulla Felix, Lucius". In Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (eds.). The Oxford classical dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 384, 385. ISBN 978-0-19-954556-8. OCLC 959667246.

Wilson 2021, p. 291–293. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, p. 301-2. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, p. 303 n. 1. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, p. 304. Citing Suet. Iul. 9.1. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, p. 305. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, p. 305, describing the dictatorship as "a sword lying ready for any[one] with the stature and ambition to take it up [to the benefit] of the dictator and his faction". Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, pp. 307, 308. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, p. 308. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, p. 309. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, p. 315. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, p. 325. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, p. 326. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, p. 328. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, pp. 328–29. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, p. 331. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, p. 329. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

Wilson 2021, p. 330. Wilson, Mark (2021). Dictator: the evolution of the Roman dictatorship. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-12920-1. OCLC 1243162549.

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Roman dictator (English Wikipedia)

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