Romance languages (English Wikipedia)

Peano, Giuseppe (1903–1904). "Il latino quale lingua ausiliare internazionale". Atti della Reale Accad. Delle Scienze di Torino (in Italian). 39: 273–283. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2022.

books.google.com

Ledgeway & Maiden 2016, p. 393. Ledgeway, Adam; Maiden, Martin, eds. (2016). The Oxford Guide to the Romance Languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199677108.001.0001. ISBN 9780199677108.
- The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature, and General Information. Vol. 28 (11 ed.). 1957. p. 167. Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
- Herman, Jozsef (2010). Vulgar Latin. Penn State Press. ISBN 978-0-271-04177-3. Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2016., pp. 108–115
- Fleure, H. J. The peoples of Europe. Рипол Классик. ISBN 978-1-176-92698-1. Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
- "Hermathena". 1942. Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
- Winters, Margaret E. (2020). Historical Linguistics: A cognitive grammar introduction. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISBN 9789027261236. Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
- Ledgeway & Maiden 2016, p. 471. Ledgeway, Adam; Maiden, Martin, eds. (2016). The Oxford Guide to the Romance Languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199677108.001.0001. ISBN 9780199677108.
  - Ledgeway 2016, p. 248ff. Ledgeway, Adam. "The dialects of southern Italy". In Ledgeway & Maiden (2016), pp. 246–269.

britannica.com

Sala & Posner Sala, Marius; Posner, Rebecca. "Romance languages". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
«if the Romance languages are compared with Latin, it is seen that by most measures Sardinian and Italian are least differentiated and French most (though in vocabulary Romanian has changed most).» Sala & Posner Sala, Marius; Posner, Rebecca. "Romance languages". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2023.

cambridge.org

Rosen, Carol; Alkire, Ti, eds. (2010), "Introduction", Romance Languages: A Historical Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–4, doi:10.1017/cbo9780511845192.001, ISBN 978-0-521-88915-5, retrieved 28 March 2024
"The Cambridge History of the Romance Languages | Historical linguistics". Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
Marotta, Giovanna (2022). "Structure of the Syllable – 5.5.3 Lenition". In Ledgeway, Adam; Maiden, Martin (eds.). The Cambridge Handbook of Romance Linguistics. Cambridge Handbooks in Language and Linguistics. Cambridge University Press. pp. 181–318. doi:10.1017/9781108580410.006. ISBN 978-1-108-48579-1.

caroycuervo.gov.co

lenguasdecolombia.caroycuervo.gov.co

Chacón, Marcela Hernández. "¿Por qué hablamos español en Colombia?". Portal de Lenguas de Colombia. Instituto Caro y Cuervo. Retrieved 9 November 2023.

cia.gov

"The World Factbook World". The World Factbook. CIA (US). Retrieved 14 November 2023.

cix.co.uk

"Eall fhoil de Bhreathanach". Archived from the original on 10 June 2008.

degruyter.com

Gabriel, Christoph; Gess, Randall; Meisenburg, Trudel, eds. (2021). Manual of Romance Phonetics and Phonology. De Gruyter. p. 229. doi:10.1515/9783110550283. hdl:1983/44e3b3cd-164e-496b-a7a6-6b3a492e4c48. ISBN 978-3-11-055028-3. S2CID 243922354. Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
Gabriel, Christoph; Gess, Randall; Meisenburg, Trudel, eds. (2021). Manual of Romance Phonetics and Phonology. De Gruyter. p. 234. doi:10.1515/9783110550283. hdl:1983/44e3b3cd-164e-496b-a7a6-6b3a492e4c48. ISBN 978-3-11-055028-3. S2CID 243922354. Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
Gabriel, Christoph; Gess, Randall; Meisenburg, Trudel, eds. (2021). Manual of Romance Phonetics and Phonology. De Gruyter. p. 235. doi:10.1515/9783110550283. hdl:1983/44e3b3cd-164e-496b-a7a6-6b3a492e4c48. ISBN 978-3-11-055028-3. S2CID 243922354. Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.

direitolinguistico.com.br

"Lei n. 5.048/2023 - Do Município de Encantado / RS". Archived from the original on 11 August 2024. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
"Lei n. 2.812/2021 - Do Município de Santa Teresa / ES". Archived from the original on 11 August 2024. Retrieved 11 August 2024.

doi.org

Alkire & Rosen 2010, pp. 1–4. Alkire, Ti; Rosen, Carol (2010). Romance Languages: A Historical Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511845192. ISBN 978-0-521-88915-5.
Ledgeway & Maiden 2016, p. 393. Ledgeway, Adam; Maiden, Martin, eds. (2016). The Oxford Guide to the Romance Languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199677108.001.0001. ISBN 9780199677108.
- Curchin, Leonard A. (1995). "Literacy in the Roman Provinces: Qualitative and Quantitative Data from Central Spain". The American Journal of Philology. 116 (3): 461–476 (464). doi:10.2307/295333. JSTOR 295333.
- Banniard, Martin (2013). Maiden, Martin; Smith, John Charles; Ledgeway, Adam (eds.). The Cambridge History of the Romance Languages: Volume 2. Cambridge University Press. p. 95. doi:10.1017/CHO9781139019996. ISBN 978-1-139-01999-6. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- Rosen, Carol; Alkire, Ti, eds. (2010), "Introduction", Romance Languages: A Historical Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–4, doi:10.1017/cbo9780511845192.001, ISBN 978-0-521-88915-5, retrieved 28 March 2024
- Frank-Job, Barbara; Selig, Maria (2016). Ledgeway, Adam; Maiden, Martin (eds.). "The Oxford Guide to the Romance Languages". Oxford Academic. p. 24. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199677108.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967710-8. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
- Wright, Roger (2013). Maiden, Martin; Smith, John Charles; Ledgeway, Adam (eds.). The Cambridge History of the Romance Languages: Volume 2. Cambridge University Press. p. 118. doi:10.1017/CHO9781139019996. ISBN 978-1-139-01999-6. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- Gabriel, Christoph; Gess, Randall; Meisenburg, Trudel, eds. (2021). Manual of Romance Phonetics and Phonology. De Gruyter. p. 229. doi:10.1515/9783110550283. hdl:1983/44e3b3cd-164e-496b-a7a6-6b3a492e4c48. ISBN 978-3-11-055028-3. S2CID 243922354. Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
- Barbato, Marcello (20 June 2022). "The Early History of Romance Palatalizations". oxfordre.com. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.750. ISBN 978-0-19-938465-5. Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
- Recasens, Daniel (30 July 2020). "Palatalizations in the Romance Languages". oxfordre.com. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.435. ISBN 978-0-19-938465-5. Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
- Alkire & Rosen 2010, pp. 32–33. Alkire, Ti; Rosen, Carol (2010). Romance Languages: A Historical Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511845192. ISBN 978-0-521-88915-5.
- Marotta, Giovanna (2022). "Structure of the Syllable – 5.5.3 Lenition". In Ledgeway, Adam; Maiden, Martin (eds.). The Cambridge Handbook of Romance Linguistics. Cambridge Handbooks in Language and Linguistics. Cambridge University Press. pp. 181–318. doi:10.1017/9781108580410.006. ISBN 978-1-108-48579-1.
- Martinet, André (1952). "Celtic lenition and Western Romance consonants". Language. 28 (2): 214–217. doi:10.2307/410513. JSTOR 410513. Archived from the original on 26 November 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
- Alkire & Rosen 2010, p. 34. Alkire, Ti; Rosen, Carol (2010). Romance Languages: A Historical Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511845192. ISBN 978-0-521-88915-5.
- Alkire & Rosen 2010, p. 26. Alkire, Ti; Rosen, Carol (2010). Romance Languages: A Historical Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511845192. ISBN 978-0-521-88915-5.
- Alkire & Rosen 2010, p. 8. Alkire, Ti; Rosen, Carol (2010). Romance Languages: A Historical Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511845192. ISBN 978-0-521-88915-5.
- Alkire & Rosen 2010, p. 13. Alkire, Ti; Rosen, Carol (2010). Romance Languages: A Historical Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511845192. ISBN 978-0-521-88915-5.
- Ledgeway & Maiden 2016, p. 471. Ledgeway, Adam; Maiden, Martin, eds. (2016). The Oxford Guide to the Romance Languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199677108.001.0001. ISBN 9780199677108.
  - Kaze, Jeffery W. (1991). "Metaphony and Two Models for the Description of Vowel Systems". Phonology. 8 (1): 163–170. doi:10.1017/s0952675700001329. JSTOR 4420029. S2CID 60966393.
  - Penny, Ralph (1994). "Continuity and Innovation in Romance: Metaphony and Mass-Noun Reference in Spain and Italy". The Modern Language Review. 89 (2): 273–281. doi:10.2307/3735232. JSTOR 3735232.
  - Gabriel, Christoph; Gess, Randall; Meisenburg, Trudel, eds. (2021). Manual of Romance Phonetics and Phonology. De Gruyter. p. 234. doi:10.1515/9783110550283. hdl:1983/44e3b3cd-164e-496b-a7a6-6b3a492e4c48. ISBN 978-3-11-055028-3. S2CID 243922354. Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
  - Gabriel, Christoph; Gess, Randall; Meisenburg, Trudel, eds. (2021). Manual of Romance Phonetics and Phonology. De Gruyter. p. 235. doi:10.1515/9783110550283. hdl:1983/44e3b3cd-164e-496b-a7a6-6b3a492e4c48. ISBN 978-3-11-055028-3. S2CID 243922354. Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
  - Espinosa, Aurelio M. (1911). "Metipsimus in Spanish and French". PMLA. 26 (2): 356–378. doi:10.2307/456649. JSTOR 456649.
  dx.doi.org
  - Frank-Job, Barbara; Selig, Maria (2016). Ledgeway, Adam; Maiden, Martin (eds.). "The Oxford Guide to the Romance Languages". Oxford Academic. p. 24. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199677108.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967710-8. Retrieved 28 March 2024.

ethnologue.com

Lewis, M. Paul, ed. (30 May 2009). "Summary by language size". Ethnologue : Languages of the World (16 ed.). Ethnologue. p. 1248. ISBN 978-1556712166. Archived from the original on 2 February 2013.
1993 Statistical Abstract Archived 2013-06-19 at the Wayback Machine of Israel reports 250,000 speakers of Romanian in Israel, while the 1995 census puts the total figure of the Israeli population at 5,548,523
"Romance | Ethnologue Free". Ethnologue (Free All). Retrieved 29 March 2024.

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"Ethnologue". SIL Haley. 2022. Archived from the original on 11 May 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2022.

etymonline.com

"romance | Origin and meaning of romance by Online Etymology Dictionary". etymonline.com. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2021.

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Peano, Giuseppe (1903). "De Latino Sine Flexione. Lingua Auxiliare Internationale" Archived 2021-05-04 at the Wayback Machine, Revista de Mathematica (Revue de Mathématiques), Tomo VIII, pp. 74–83. Fratres Bocca Editores: Torino.

handle.net

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Gabriel, Christoph; Gess, Randall; Meisenburg, Trudel, eds. (2021). Manual of Romance Phonetics and Phonology. De Gruyter. p. 229. doi:10.1515/9783110550283. hdl:1983/44e3b3cd-164e-496b-a7a6-6b3a492e4c48. ISBN 978-3-11-055028-3. S2CID 243922354. Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
Gabriel, Christoph; Gess, Randall; Meisenburg, Trudel, eds. (2021). Manual of Romance Phonetics and Phonology. De Gruyter. p. 234. doi:10.1515/9783110550283. hdl:1983/44e3b3cd-164e-496b-a7a6-6b3a492e4c48. ISBN 978-3-11-055028-3. S2CID 243922354. Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
Gabriel, Christoph; Gess, Randall; Meisenburg, Trudel, eds. (2021). Manual of Romance Phonetics and Phonology. De Gruyter. p. 235. doi:10.1515/9783110550283. hdl:1983/44e3b3cd-164e-496b-a7a6-6b3a492e4c48. ISBN 978-3-11-055028-3. S2CID 243922354. Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.

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Boyd-Bowman 1980, p. 133. Boyd-Bowman, Peter (1980). From Latin to Romance in Sound Charts. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. ISBN 978-0-87840-077-5.
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jstor.org

Curchin, Leonard A. (1995). "Literacy in the Roman Provinces: Qualitative and Quantitative Data from Central Spain". The American Journal of Philology. 116 (3): 461–476 (464). doi:10.2307/295333. JSTOR 295333.
Martinet, André (1952). "Celtic lenition and Western Romance consonants". Language. 28 (2): 214–217. doi:10.2307/410513. JSTOR 410513. Archived from the original on 26 November 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
Kaze, Jeffery W. (1991). "Metaphony and Two Models for the Description of Vowel Systems". Phonology. 8 (1): 163–170. doi:10.1017/s0952675700001329. JSTOR 4420029. S2CID 60966393.
Penny, Ralph (1994). "Continuity and Innovation in Romance: Metaphony and Mass-Noun Reference in Spain and Italy". The Modern Language Review. 89 (2): 273–281. doi:10.2307/3735232. JSTOR 3735232.
Espinosa, Aurelio M. (1911). "Metipsimus in Spanish and French". PMLA. 26 (2): 356–378. doi:10.2307/456649. JSTOR 456649.

kunstsprachen.de

Henrik Theiling (28 October 2007). "Þrjótrunn: A North Romance Language: History". Kunstsprachen.de. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2010.

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Gabriel, Christoph; Gess, Randall; Meisenburg, Trudel, eds. (2021). Manual of Romance Phonetics and Phonology. De Gruyter. p. 229. doi:10.1515/9783110550283. hdl:1983/44e3b3cd-164e-496b-a7a6-6b3a492e4c48. ISBN 978-3-11-055028-3. S2CID 243922354. Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
Kaze, Jeffery W. (1991). "Metaphony and Two Models for the Description of Vowel Systems". Phonology. 8 (1): 163–170. doi:10.1017/s0952675700001329. JSTOR 4420029. S2CID 60966393.
Gabriel, Christoph; Gess, Randall; Meisenburg, Trudel, eds. (2021). Manual of Romance Phonetics and Phonology. De Gruyter. p. 234. doi:10.1515/9783110550283. hdl:1983/44e3b3cd-164e-496b-a7a6-6b3a492e4c48. ISBN 978-3-11-055028-3. S2CID 243922354. Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
Gabriel, Christoph; Gess, Randall; Meisenburg, Trudel, eds. (2021). Manual of Romance Phonetics and Phonology. De Gruyter. p. 235. doi:10.1515/9783110550283. hdl:1983/44e3b3cd-164e-496b-a7a6-6b3a492e4c48. ISBN 978-3-11-055028-3. S2CID 243922354. Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.

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Lewis, M. Paul, ed. (30 May 2009). "Summary by language size". Ethnologue : Languages of the World (16 ed.). Ethnologue. p. 1248. ISBN 978-1556712166. Archived from the original on 2 February 2013.
"Latin". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
"Neo-Latin". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Archived from the original on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
"Lei n. 5.048/2023 - Do Município de Encantado / RS". Archived from the original on 11 August 2024. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
"Lei n. 2.812/2021 - Do Município de Santa Teresa / ES". Archived from the original on 11 August 2024. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
"romance | Origin and meaning of romance by Online Etymology Dictionary". etymonline.com. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
Sala & Posner Sala, Marius; Posner, Rebecca. "Romance languages". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
"Loi du 24 février 1984 sur le régime des langues". legilux.public.lu (in French). 24 February 1984. Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2025.
"Reports of about 300,000 Jews who left the country after WW2". Eurojewcong.org. Archived from the original on 31 August 2006. Retrieved 6 November 2010.
1993 Statistical Abstract Archived 2013-06-19 at the Wayback Machine of Israel reports 250,000 speakers of Romanian in Israel, while the 1995 census puts the total figure of the Israeli population at 5,548,523
"Ethnologue". SIL Haley. 2022. Archived from the original on 11 May 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature, and General Information. Vol. 28 (11 ed.). 1957. p. 167. Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
«if the Romance languages are compared with Latin, it is seen that by most measures Sardinian and Italian are least differentiated and French most (though in vocabulary Romanian has changed most).» Sala & Posner Sala, Marius; Posner, Rebecca. "Romance languages". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
Herman, Jozsef (2010). Vulgar Latin. Penn State Press. ISBN 978-0-271-04177-3. Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2016., pp. 108–115
van Durme, Luc (2002). "Genesis and Evolution of the Romance-Germanic Language Border in Europe". In Treffers-Daller, Jeanine; Willemyns, Roland (eds.). Language Contact at the Romance–Germanic Language Border (PDF). Multilingual Matters. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-85359-627-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 September 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
Fleure, H. J. The peoples of Europe. Рипол Классик. ISBN 978-1-176-92698-1. Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
"Hermathena". 1942. Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
Winters, Margaret E. (2020). Historical Linguistics: A cognitive grammar introduction. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISBN 9789027261236. Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
"NEO-ROMANTICISM IN LANGUAGE PLANNING (Edo BERNASCONI)". Archived from the original on 4 February 2015.
"NEO-ROMANTICISM IN LANGUAGE PLANNING (Edo BERNASCONI)". Archived from the original on 10 July 2015.
Peano, Giuseppe (1903). "De Latino Sine Flexione. Lingua Auxiliare Internationale" Archived 2021-05-04 at the Wayback Machine, Revista de Mathematica (Revue de Mathématiques), Tomo VIII, pp. 74–83. Fratres Bocca Editores: Torino.
Peano, Giuseppe (1903–1904). "Il latino quale lingua ausiliare internazionale". Atti della Reale Accad. Delle Scienze di Torino (in Italian). 39: 273–283. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
"Eall fhoil de Bhreathanach". Archived from the original on 10 June 2008.
Henrik Theiling (28 October 2007). "Þrjótrunn: A North Romance Language: History". Kunstsprachen.de. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2010.
"Relay0/R – Jelbazech". Steen.free.fr. 28 August 2004. Archived from the original on 16 May 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2010.
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