Romani genocide (English Wikipedia)

"Germany unveils Roma Holocaust memorial". aljazeera.com. Al Jazeera. 24 October 2012. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
Benevento, Gina (2 August 2017). "Remembering the Roma victims of the Holocaust". Al Jazeera. Al Jazeera Media Network. For decades Settela's face was an icon of children in the Holocaust. Her name unknown, she was simply called 'the girl with the headdress'.

amazon.com

Milton 1992; Milton 2009. Milton, Sybil (1992). Nazi Policies Toward Roma and Sinti, 1933–1945. Vol. 2. Gypsy Lore Society. ASIN B0006RI6NA. Preview in ProQuest. Milton, Sybil (2009). "The Holocaust: The Gypsies". In Totten, Samuel; Parsons, William S. (eds.). Century of Genocide (3rd ed.). Routledge.

archive.org

Burleigh, Michael; Wippermann, Wolfgang (1991). The Racial State: Germany 1933–1945. Cambridge University Press. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-521-39802-2.
Lewy 2000, p. 36. Lewy, Guenter (2000). The Nazi Persecution of the Gypsies. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-512556-6.
Arad, Yitzhak (1999). Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps. Indiana University Press. pp. 152–153. ISBN 978-0-253-21305-1. operation reinhard gypsies.
Gilbert 2004, p. 474. Gilbert, Martin (2004). The Second World War: A Complete History. Revised edition. Henry Holt & Co. ISBN 978-0-8050-7623-3.
Fraser 1992, p. 267. Fraser, Angus (1992). The Gypsies. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-19605-1.
Fraser 1992, p. 268. Fraser, Angus (1992). The Gypsies. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-19605-1.
Niewyk, Donald L. (2000). The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust. Columbia University Press. p. 422. ISBN 978-0-231-11200-0.
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Lifton, Robert Jay (1986). The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide. New York: Basic Books. p. 351. ISBN 978-0-465-04905-9.
Berenbaum, Michael (1993). The world must know: The history of the Holocaust as told in the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. USHMM. p. 196. ISBN 978-0-316-09135-0.

bbc.com

Evans, Stephen (27 January 2011). "Roma appeal against discrimination on Holocaust Day". BBC News. Retrieved 27 January 2011.

books.google.com

Brzezinski, Zbigniew (2010). Out of Control: Global Turmoil on the Eve of the 21st Century. Simon & Schuster (Touchstone). p. 10. ISBN 978-1-4391-4380-3.,
Bársony & Daróczi 2008, p. x. Bársony, János; Daróczi, Ágnes (2008). Pharrajimos: The Fate of the Roma During the Holocaust. IDEA. ISBN 978-1-932716-30-6.
Bársony & Daróczi 2008, p. 7. Bársony, János; Daróczi, Ágnes (2008). Pharrajimos: The Fate of the Roma During the Holocaust. IDEA. ISBN 978-1-932716-30-6.
Fitzpatrick, Matthew (2015), Purging the Empire: Mass Expulsions in Germany, 1871–1914, OUP Oxford, pp. 195–199, ISBN 978-0-19-103852-5
Fein, Helen (1979). Accounting for Genocide: National Response and Jewish Victimization During the Holocaust. New York: Free Press. pp. 140–141. ISBN 978-0-02-910220-6.
Headland, Ronald (1992). Messages of Murder: A Study of the Reports of the Einsatzgruppen of the Security Police and the Security Service, 1941–1943. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-8386-3418-9. Retrieved 17 February 2010.
Snyder, Timothy (2010). Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin. Basic Books. p. 276. ISBN 978-0-465-00239-9. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
Ian Hancock said there was no record of any Roma killed in Denmark or Greece. Source: Edelheit, Abraham J.; Edelheit, Hershel (1995). The History of the Holocaust: A Handbook and Dictionary. Westview. p. 458. ISBN 978-0-8133-2240-7.
Gilbert 2002, Map 182 p. 141 (with deaths by country); Map 301 p. 232. Gilbert, Martin (2002). The Routledge Atlas of the Holocaust. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-28145-4. Note: formerly The Dent Atlas of the Holocaust; 1982, 1993.
Hancock 2010, p. 243. Hancock, Ian (2010). Karanth, Dileep (ed.). Danger! Educated Gypsy. Selected Essays. University of Hertfordshire Press. ISBN 978-1-902806-98-3.
Hancock 2010, p. 244-5. Hancock, Ian (2010). Karanth, Dileep (ed.). Danger! Educated Gypsy. Selected Essays. University of Hertfordshire Press. ISBN 978-1-902806-98-3.
Wippermann, Wolfgang (2006). "Compensation withheld: The denial of reparations to the Sinti and Roma". In Kenrick, Donald (ed.). The Gypsies during the Second World War – 3 The Final Chapter. Univ of Hertfordshire Press. pp. 171–177. ISBN 978-1-902806-49-5.
Barany, Zoltan D. (2002). The East European gypsies: regime change, marginality, and ethnopolitics. Cambridge University Press. pp. 265–266. ISBN 978-0-521-00910-2.
Hancock 2010, p. 256. Hancock, Ian (2010). Karanth, Dileep (ed.). Danger! Educated Gypsy. Selected Essays. University of Hertfordshire Press. ISBN 978-1-902806-98-3.
French, Lorely; Hertrampf, Marina Ortrud M. (20 November 2023). Approaches to a “new" World Literature: Romani Literature(s) as (re-)writing and self-empowerment. Akademische Verlagsgemeinschaft München AVM. pp. 147–148. ISBN 978-3-95477-157-8.
Stojka, Ceija (2022). The Memoirs of Ceija Stojka, Child Survivor of the Romani Holocaust. Boydell & Brewer. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-64014-121-6.
French, Lorely; Hertrampf, Marina Ortrud M. (20 November 2023). Approaches to a “new" World Literature: Romani Literature(s) as (re-)writing and self-empowerment. Akademische Verlagsgemeinschaft München AVM. pp. 147–148. ISBN 978-3-95477-157-8.
Baer, Elizabeth Roberts; Goldenberg, Myrna (2003). Experience and Expression: Women, the Nazis, and the Holocaust. Wayne State University Press. pp. 53–54. ISBN 978-0-8143-3063-0.

dagbladet.no

Guri Hjeltnes: Den norske stat betalte Nazi-Tyskland for å transportere vekk norske rom, Dagbladet, 13 February 2015.

doi.org

Hancock 1997, p. 339: "Porajmos: The Romani Holocaust (1933–1945), also Baro Porajmos, lit. 'great devouring'". Hancock, Ian (1997). "A Glossary of Romani Terms". American Journal of Comparative Law. 45 (2): 329–344. doi:10.2307/840853. JSTOR 840853.
Matras 2004, p. 195. Matras, Yaron (2004). "A conflict of paradigms: review article (Reviewed by Yaron Matras)" (PDF). Romani Studies. 14 (2): 193–219. doi:10.3828/rs.2004.7.
Hancock 1991, p. 14. Hancock, Ian (1991). "Gypsy History in Germany and Neighboring Lands: A Chronology to the Holocaust and Beyond". Nationalities Papers. 19 (3): 395–412. doi:10.1080/00905999108408210. S2CID 129039283.
America's Uncounted People. The National Academies Press. 1 January 1972. doi:10.17226/20212. ISBN 978-0-309-02026-8.
Reinhartz, Dennis (1999). "Unmarked graves: The destruction of the Yugoslav Roma in the Balkan Holocaust, 1941–1945". Journal of Genocide Research. 1 (1): 81–89. doi:10.1080/14623529908413936. Retrieved 25 April 2022.

dosta.org

"What does "Samudaripen" mean?". Dosta! (Council of Europe). 5 September 2006. Archived from the original on 20 June 2006.

dw.com

"German President makes historic speech at Auschwitz". Deutsche Welle. 27 January 2011. Retrieved 27 January 2011.

errc.org

Roma and Conflict: Understanding the Impact of War and Political Violence pp. 42–43, 2017, European Roma Rights Centre

euronews.com

Davis, Mark (5 May 2015). "How World War II shaped modern Germany". euronews.

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"Yvette Lundy, inspire un film à Tony Gatlif". France 3 Champagne-Ardenne (in French). France Télévisions. 8 April 2012. Retrieved 8 November 2015.

geocities.com

Hancock, Ian (23 September 2000). "Downplaying the Porrajmos: The Trend to Minimize the Romani Holocaust". The Patrin Web Journal (In WebCite). Archived from the original on 26 October 2009. Retrieved 5 November 2015.

geschichtswerkstatt-europa.org

"The Porajmos in Roma Memory in Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland". Geschichtswerkstatt-europa. eVZ. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011.

gfbv.it

Verdorfer, Martha (1995). Unbekanntes Volk: Sinti und Roma [Unknown people: Sinti and Roma] (in German). Gesellschaft für bedrohte Völker (Society for Threatened Peoples). Retrieved 8 March 2015.

hawaii.edu

Rummel 1992, table 1.1. Rummel, Rudolph J. (1992). Democide: Nazi Genocide and Mass Murder. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
Rummel 1997, table 14.1D line 1881. Rummel, Rudolph J. (1997). Statistic of Democide: Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900. Center for National Security Law, University of Virginia and Transaction Publishers.
Rummel 1997, table 9.1 lines 195–201. Rummel, Rudolph J. (1997). Statistic of Democide: Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900. Center for National Security Law, University of Virginia and Transaction Publishers.

holocaust-history.org

"Questions: Triangles". The Holocaust History Project. 16 May 2000. Archived from the original on 14 September 2008.

humanrightsfirst.org

"Violence against Roma: Romania". Human Rights First. Archived from the original on 11 November 2009.

imdb.com

Mortimer, Roz (6 October 2019), The Deathless Woman (Documentary), Wonderdog Productions (II), retrieved 14 April 2022

jewishvirtuallibrary.org

"Concentration Camps: Jasenovac". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
"The Deportation of the Roma and their Treatment in Transnistria" (PDF). Yad Vashem. Retrieved 8 March 2015.

jstor.org

Hancock 1997, p. 339: "Porajmos: The Romani Holocaust (1933–1945), also Baro Porajmos, lit. 'great devouring'". Hancock, Ian (1997). "A Glossary of Romani Terms". American Journal of Comparative Law. 45 (2): 329–344. doi:10.2307/840853. JSTOR 840853.

kinocritics.com

Nyiri, Mary (2010). "It's Only a Movie: Film Review of Kokoro (Freedom)". KinoCritics.com.

manchester.ac.uk

romani.humanities.manchester.ac.uk

Matras 2004, p. 195. Matras, Yaron (2004). "A conflict of paradigms: review article (Reviewed by Yaron Matras)" (PDF). Romani Studies. 14 (2): 193–219. doi:10.3828/rs.2004.7.

marvel.com

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"X-Men: Magneto – Testament Digital Comics – Marvel Comics". comicstore.marvel.com. Retrieved 3 May 2016.

momentmag.com

Rom-Rymer, Symi. "Roma in the Holocaust". Moment Magazine (July–August 2011). Retrieved 30 June 2011.
Judah, Ben. "Invisible Roma". Moment Magazine (July–August 2011). Retrieved 30 June 2011.

nizkor.org

"The Trial of German Major War Criminals Sitting at Nuremberg, Germany 7th January to 19th January, 1946". The Nizkor Project. 2009. Retrieved 17 February 2010.

nytimes.com

Honan, William H. (24 October 2000). "Sybil Milton, 59, Scholar of Nazis and Holocaust". The New York Times.

osce.org

"OSCE human rights chief welcomes declaration of official Roma genocide remembrance day in Poland". OSCE. 29 July 2011. Retrieved 7 May 2017.

prnewswire.com

"Auschwitz "Angel of Death" Josef Mengele's Unknown Writings to be Auctioned". PR Newswire. 30 June 2011.

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Milton 1992; Milton 2009. Milton, Sybil (1992). Nazi Policies Toward Roma and Sinti, 1933–1945. Vol. 2. Gypsy Lore Society. ASIN B0006RI6NA. Preview in ProQuest. Milton, Sybil (2009). "The Holocaust: The Gypsies". In Totten, Samuel; Parsons, William S. (eds.). Century of Genocide (3rd ed.). Routledge.

radoc.net

Hancock, Ian (2005), "True Romanies and the Holocaust: A Re-evaluation and an overview", The Historiography of the Holocaust, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 383–396, ISBN 978-1-4039-9927-6, archived from the original on 28 September 2011
Hancock, Ian. "On the interpretation of a word: Porrajmos as Holocaust". The Romani Archives and Documentation Center – RADOC. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.

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https://riowang.com/2014/06/crimean-gypsies.html ^{[bare URL]}

romanykultury.info

Mazikina, Lilit. "Романы Культуры и Джиипэн" [Romani Culture and Life]. romanykultury.info (in Russian). Archived from the original on 23 October 2007.

romarchive.eu

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semanticscholar.org

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Hancock 1991, p. 14. Hancock, Ian (1991). "Gypsy History in Germany and Neighboring Lands: A Chronology to the Holocaust and Beyond". Nationalities Papers. 19 (3): 395–412. doi:10.1080/00905999108408210. S2CID 129039283.

smithsonianmag.com

Katz, Brigit. "London Library Spotlights Nazi Persecution of the Roma and Sinti". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 5 April 2021.

tandfonline.com

Reinhartz, Dennis (1999). "Unmarked graves: The destruction of the Yugoslav Roma in the Balkan Holocaust, 1941–1945". Journal of Genocide Research. 1 (1): 81–89. doi:10.1080/14623529908413936. Retrieved 25 April 2022.

telegraph.co.uk

"Holocaust Memorial Day: 'Forgotten Holocaust' of Roma finally acknowledged in Germany". Telegraph.co.uk. The Daily Telegraph. 27 January 2011. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.

thata.ch

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umn.edu

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Duna, William A. (1985). Gypsies: A Persecuted Race. Duna Studios – via Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, University of Minnesota.

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"Holocaust Encyclopedia – Genocide of European Roma (Gypsies), 1939–1945". USHMM. Retrieved 9 August 2011.
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"European Romani (Gypsy) Population". The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: Holocaust Encyclopedia. USHMM. Retrieved 8 January 2016.

encyclopedia.ushmm.org

"Genocide of European Roma (Gypsies), 1939–1945". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 12 April 2024.

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Karanth, Dileep (2009). "Ian Hancock". The University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved 6 November 2015.

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"Vatican Bank Claims". Easton & Levy. Archived from the original on 6 July 2000. Retrieved 8 March 2015.

web.archive.org

Hancock, Ian (2005), "True Romanies and the Holocaust: A Re-evaluation and an overview", The Historiography of the Holocaust, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 383–396, ISBN 978-1-4039-9927-6, archived from the original on 28 September 2011
"Holocaust Memorial Day: 'Forgotten Holocaust' of Roma finally acknowledged in Germany". Telegraph.co.uk. The Daily Telegraph. 27 January 2011. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
Hancock, Ian. "On the interpretation of a word: Porrajmos as Holocaust". The Romani Archives and Documentation Center – RADOC. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
"What does "Samudaripen" mean?". Dosta! (Council of Europe). 5 September 2006. Archived from the original on 20 June 2006.
Mazikina, Lilit. "Романы Культуры и Джиипэн" [Romani Culture and Life]. romanykultury.info (in Russian). Archived from the original on 23 October 2007.
"Questions: Triangles". The Holocaust History Project. 16 May 2000. Archived from the original on 14 September 2008.
"Vatican Bank Claims". Easton & Levy. Archived from the original on 6 July 2000. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
Hancock, Ian (23 September 2000). "Downplaying the Porrajmos: The Trend to Minimize the Romani Holocaust". The Patrin Web Journal (In WebCite). Archived from the original on 26 October 2009. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
"The Porajmos in Roma Memory in Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland". Geschichtswerkstatt-europa. eVZ. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011.
"Violence against Roma: Romania". Human Rights First. Archived from the original on 11 November 2009.

yadvashem.org

"From Ringelblum's Diary: The Encounter Between the Gypsies and the Jews in the Ghetto" (PDF). Yad Vashem.
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youtube.com

Kelso, Michelle (2014). "Hidden Sorrows – Roma, Gypsies deported". YouTube. (56:00).