Romanian language (English Wikipedia)

"Redirect to Census data page". www.abs.gov.au. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2019. c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of Statistics.

acad.ro (Global: low place; English: low place)

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Camară, Iosif (2024). "Data alcătuirii celui mai vechi text românesc. Filigranul de tip corabie din Psaltirea Hurmuzaki" [The Date When the Oldest Romanian Text Was Written. The ship Watermark of the Hurmuzaki Psalter]. In Brad Chisacof, Lia; Nicolae, Simona; Vătășescu, Cătălina; Academia Română. Institutul de Studii Sud-est Europene (eds.). Zamfirei Mihail: Omagiu. Cluj-Napoca: Scriptor & Mega. pp. 151–165. ISBN 978-606-8539-58-4.

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Bălhuc, Paul (15 January 2017). "Câte litere are cel mai lung cuvânt din limba română și care este singurul termen ce conține toate vocalele". Adevărul (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 10 February 2021.

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Pană Dindelegan, Gabriela, The Grammar of Romanian, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2013, ISBN 978-0-19-964492-6, page 5
Pană Dindelegan, Gabriela, The Grammar of Romanian, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2013, ISBN 978-0-19-964492-6, page 4
Michael J. F. Suarez; H. R. Woudhuysen (24 October 2013). The Book: A Global History. OUP Oxford. pp. 753–. ISBN 978-0-19-166875-3. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
Pană Dindelegan, Gabriela, The Grammar of Romanian, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013, ISBN 978-0-19-964492-6, page 5
Schulte, Kim. Loanwords in Romanian.^{[dead link]}, published in Martin Haspelmath; Uri Tadmor (22 December 2009). Loanwords in the World's Languages: A Comparative Handbook. Walter de Gruyter. p. 243. ISBN 978-3-11-021844-2.
Keith Hitchins (20 February 2014). A Concise History of Romania. Cambridge University Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-521-87238-6.
Virginia Hill; Gabriela Alboiu (2016). Verb Movement and Clause Structure in Old Romanian. Oxford University Press. p. xv. ISBN 978-0-19-873650-9.
Bernard Comrie (13 January 2009). The World's Major Languages. Routledge. p. 266. ISBN 978-1-134-26156-7.
Margaret E. L. Renwick (2014). The Phonetics and Phonology of Contrast: The Case of the Romanian Vowel System. De Gruyter. pp. 44–5. ISBN 978-3-11-036277-0.
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"Constitution of Romania". Cdep.ro. Archived from the original on 7 September 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
Legea "Pruteanu": 500/2004 – Law on the Protection of the Romanian Language Archived 12 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine

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"Detailed Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over: 2009–2013". Census.gov. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 12 May 2022.

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"Internetový časopis človek a spoločnosť". www.clovekaspolocnost.sk. Archived from the original on 14 May 2009.

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"Hungary needs to strengthen use of and access to minority languages". Council of Europe. Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2019.

dexonline.ro (Global: 3,230^th place; English: 9,811^th place)

(in Romanian) Several Romanian dictionaries specify the pronunciation [je] for word-initial letter e in some personal pronouns: el, ei, etc. Archived 26 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine and in some forms of the verb a fi (to be): este, eram, etc. Archived 27 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine

diacronia.ro (Global: low place; English: low place)

Milică, Ioan; Morcov, Gabriela-Iuliana (12 February 2016). "Romanian letter-writing: a cultural-rhetorical perspective (I)". Diacronia (3) A39/en. doi:10.17684/i3A39en. Archived from the original on 21 July 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2025.

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Sandiuc, Corina (1 November 2014). "Languages and cultures in contact: The French language and the maritime terminology". Diversitate Si Identitate Culturala in Europa. 11 (2). ISSN 2067-0931. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2017.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

doi.org

Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (10 July 2023). "Glottolog 4.8 - Eastern Romance". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
Breu, Walter (23 March 2022). "Romance in Contact with Slavic in Southern and South-Eastern Europe". Oxford Research Encyclopedias. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.449. ISBN 978-0-19-938465-5. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
Timotin, Emanuela; Stan, Camelia; Maiden, Martin (3 March 2016). Pană Dindelegan, Gabriela (ed.). "The Syntax of Old Romanian - Introduction". Oxford Academic. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198712350.003.0001. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
Ledgeway, Adam; Maiden, Martin, eds. (30 June 2016). The Oxford Guide to the Romance Languages. Oxford University PressOxford. p. 95. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199677108.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967710-8.
Camară, Iosif (2024). "Originea celui mai vechi text românesc" [The origin of the oldest Romanian text] (PDF). Receptarea Sfintei Scripturi: între filologie, hermeneutică şi traductologie. 12: 111–140. doi:10.47743/rss.2023.12-9. ISSN 2285-5580.
Milică, Ioan; Morcov, Gabriela-Iuliana (12 February 2016). "Romanian letter-writing: a cultural-rhetorical perspective (I)". Diacronia (3) A39/en. doi:10.17684/i3A39en. Archived from the original on 21 July 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2025.
Ledgeway, Adam; Maiden, Martin, eds. (30 June 2016). The Oxford Guide to the Romance Languages. Oxford University PressOxford. p. 95. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199677108.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967710-8. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
D’hulst, Yves; Coene, Martine; Avram, Larisa (2004). "Syncretic and Analytic Tenses in Romanian: The Balkan Setting of Romance". In Mišeska Tomić, Olga (ed.). Balkan Syntax and Semantics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing. p. 355. doi:10.1075/la.67.18dhu. ISBN 978-90-272-2790-4. general absence of consecutio temporum.
Pei, Mario (1949). "A New Methodology for Romance Classification". WORD. 5 (2): 135–146. doi:10.1080/00437956.1949.11659494.
Săvescu, Oana (2012). "When Syncretism Meets Word Order. On Clitic Order in Romanian". Probus. 24 (2): 233–256. doi:10.1515/probus-2012-0010. S2CID 194568315.
Dyer, Donald L. (1999). "Some Influences of Russian on the Romanian of Moldova during the Soviet Period". The Slavic and East European Journal. 43 (1): 85–98. doi:10.2307/309907. JSTOR 309907.

dx.doi.org

Ledgeway, Adam; Maiden, Martin, eds. (30 June 2016). The Oxford Guide to the Romance Languages. Oxford University PressOxford. p. 95. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199677108.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967710-8.
Ledgeway, Adam; Maiden, Martin, eds. (30 June 2016). The Oxford Guide to the Romance Languages. Oxford University PressOxford. p. 95. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199677108.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967710-8. Retrieved 29 August 2023.

edu.ro (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Ministry of Education of Romania". Archived from the original on 29 June 2006. Retrieved 19 April 2006.

ethnologue.com (Global: 339^th place; English: 388^th place)

Romanian at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024)
Ethnologue, Romanian Archived 25 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine

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"Reports of about 300,000 Jews that left the country after WW2". Eurojewcong.org. Archived from the original on 31 August 2006. Retrieved 23 May 2010.

europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)

commission.europa.eu

"The Commission's use of languages". Archived from the original on 3 April 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023.

ec.europa.eu

"A Field Guide to the Main Languages of Europe – Spot that language and how to tell them apart" (PDF). European Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 February 2007. Retrieved 9 October 2013.

evz.ro (Global: 3,162^nd place; English: 7,467^th place)

Laslau, Andi (27 April 2005). "Arabii din Romania, radiografie completa". Evz.ro (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 24 December 2007. Retrieved 23 May 2010.

foxnews.com (Global: 152^nd place; English: 120^th place)

"Moldovan Court Rules Official Language is 'Romanian', Replacing Soviet-Flavored 'Moldovan'". Fox News. Associated Press. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 9 December 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2013.

gks.ru (Global: 165^th place; English: 1,446^th place)

2010 Russia Census Archived 22 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine Perepis 2010

glottolog.org (Global: 2,032^nd place; English: 4,303^rd place)

Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (10 July 2023). "Glottolog 4.8 - Eastern Romance". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.

greatnews.ro (Global: low place; English: low place)

Arsenie, Dan (9 December 2011). "Totoiana – messengerul de pe uliță. Povestea unei limbi inventate de români". GreatNews.ro (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2021.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Sorescu-Marinković, Annemarie; Huțanu, Monica (2018). "Non-Dominant Varieties of Romanian in Serbia: Between Pluricentricity and Division". In Muhr, Rudolf; Meisnitzer, Benjamin (eds.). Pluricentric Languages and Non-Dominant Varieties Worldwide: New Pluricentric Languages – Old Problems. Frankfurt: Peter Lang Verlag. pp. 233–246. hdl:21.15107/rcub_dais_5795 – via DAIS – Digital Archive of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

historia.ro (Global: 9,770^th place; English: low place)

"De ce este sărbătorită Ziua Limbii Române la 31 august". Historia (in Romanian). 31 August 2020. Archived from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2020.

hrono.info (Global: 7,580^th place; English: low place)

(in Russian)Charter for the organization of the Bessarabian Oblast, 29 April 1818, in "Печатается по изданию: Полное собрание законов Российской империи. Собрание первое.", Vol 35. 1818, Sankt Petersburg, 1830, pg. 222–227. Available online at hrono.info Archived 24 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine

iatp.md (Global: low place; English: low place)

Legea cu privire la functionarea limbilor vorbite pe teritoriul RSS Moldovenesti Nr.3465-XI din 01.09.89 Vestile nr.9/217, 1989 Archived 19 February 2006 at the Wayback Machine (Law regarding the usage of languages spoken on the territory of the Republic of Moldova): "Moldavian RSS supports the desire of the Moldavian that live across the borders of the Republic, and – considering the existing Moldo-Romanian linguistic identity – of the Romanians that live on the territory of the USSR, of doing their studies and satisfying their cultural needs in their maternal language."

ilr.ro (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Data concerning the teaching of the Romanian language abroad" Archived 7 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Romanian Language Institute.

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"Biroul Național de Statistică, acuzat că a falsificat rezultatele recensământului". Independent (in Romanian). 29 March 2017. Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.

interfax.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Moldovan president promulgates law replacing name of state language in country's constitution with 'Romanian'". Interfax. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2023.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Dyer, Donald L. (1999). "Some Influences of Russian on the Romanian of Moldova during the Soviet Period". The Slavic and East European Journal. 43 (1): 85–98. doi:10.2307/309907. JSTOR 309907.

ksh.hu (Global: 1,860^th place; English: 3,604^th place)

"Hungarian Census 2011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2013.

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Gherman, Marin (13 March 2023). "Cum îi ajută pe românii din Ucraina înlocuirea limbii "moldovenești" cu limba română". Libertatea (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023.

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"N. Felecan – Considerations on the First Books of Romanian Grammar". Archived from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2022.

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"Declarația de independența a Republicii Moldova, Moldova Suverană" (in Romanian). Moldova-suverana.md. Archived from the original on 5 February 2008. Retrieved 9 October 2013.

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"Languages Spoken by More Than 10 Million People". MSN Encarta. Archived from the original on 29 October 2009.

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Untila, Stela (14 July 2021). ""Cât există Transnistria, va exista "limba moldovenească". Krasnoselski, despre posibile divergențe cu Chișinăul". NewsMaker (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023.

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"Latest Council of Europe report on regional or minority Languages in Serbia published". The Network to Promote Linguistic Diversity. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015.

oxfordre.com (Global: 4,783^rd place; English: 3,049^th place)

Breu, Walter (23 March 2022). "Romance in Contact with Slavic in Southern and South-Eastern Europe". Oxford Research Encyclopedias. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.449. ISBN 978-0-19-938465-5. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 8 August 2023.

philologica-jassyensia.ro (Global: low place; English: low place)

Dama, Hans (2006). "Lexikale Einflüsse im Rumänischen aus dem österreichischen Deutsch" [Lexical influences of 'Austrian'-German on the Romanian language] (PDF). Philologica Jassyensia (in German). 2 (1): 105–110. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 March 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.

presedinte.md (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Președinta Maia Sandu a promulgat Legea care confirmă că limba de stat a Republicii Moldova este cea română" (in Romanian). Presidency of the Republic of Moldova. Astăzi am promulgat Legea care confirmă un adevăr istoric și incontestabil: limba de stat a Republicii Moldova este cea română. [Today I have promulgated the law that confirms a historical and indisputable truth: the state language of the Republic of Moldova is Romanian.]^{[permanent dead link]}

protv.md (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Modificat și în Constituție: "Limba de stat a Republicii Moldova este limba română" – FOTO" (in Romanian). ProTV Chișinău. 30 March 2023. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023.

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noinu.rdscj.ro

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"Marian Lupu: Româna și moldoveneasca sunt aceeași limbă". Realitatea .NET. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 7 October 2009.
"În localitatea Totoi, județul Alba, se vorbește o limbă specifică locului". Realitatea TV (in Romanian). 19 January 2009. Archived from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2021.

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"Tab5. Populatia stabila dupa principalele limbi materne la recensamantul din anul 2011 - rezultate preliminar" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2012.

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Zafiu, Rodica (2009). "Mișto și legenda bastonului". România literară (in Romanian). No. 6. Archived from the original on 21 September 2018. Retrieved 21 September 2018. There is no doubt among linguists about the Romany etymology of the Romanian word mișto, but a fairly widespread folk etymology and urban legend maintains that the German phrase mit Stock 'with stick' would be its true origin.

sanu.ac.rs (Global: 9,183^rd place; English: low place)

dais.sanu.ac.rs

Sorescu-Marinković, Annemarie; Huțanu, Monica (2018). "Non-Dominant Varieties of Romanian in Serbia: Between Pluricentricity and Division". In Muhr, Rudolf; Meisnitzer, Benjamin (eds.). Pluricentric Languages and Non-Dominant Varieties Worldwide: New Pluricentric Languages – Old Problems. Frankfurt: Peter Lang Verlag. pp. 233–246. hdl:21.15107/rcub_dais_5795 – via DAIS – Digital Archive of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Săvescu, Oana (2012). "When Syncretism Meets Word Order. On Clitic Order in Romanian". Probus. 24 (2): 233–256. doi:10.1515/probus-2012-0010. S2CID 194568315.

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Florea, Sorin (1 June 2020). "Care este satul din România unde se vorbește o limbă secretă?". Shtiu (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.

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Article 24, "The Statute of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina" Archived 19 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine, published in the Official Gazette of AP Vojvodina No.20/2014

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data.stat.gov.rs

"Dissemination database search". data.stat.gov.rs. Retrieved 22 August 2023.

popis2022.stat.gov.rs

"Матерњи језик, вероисповест и национална припадност | О ПОПИСУ СТАНОВНИШТВА". popis2022.stat.gov.rs. Archived from the original on 22 August 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2023.

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Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2 August 2017). "Mother Tongue (263), Single and Multiple Mother Tongue Responses (3), Age (7) and Sex (3) for the Population Excluding Institutional Residents of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census – 100% Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Archived from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 12 May 2022.

statistica.md (Global: 3,967^th place; English: 6,957^th place)

National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova: Census 2014 Archived 30 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine

stiriromania.ro (Global: low place; English: low place)

Arjocu, Florin (29 June 2020). "Satul din România unde se vorbește o limbă secretă. Tălăuzești gumuțeasca?". Știri România (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.

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Camară, Iosif (2024). "Originea celui mai vechi text românesc" [The origin of the oldest Romanian text] (PDF). Receptarea Sfintei Scripturi: între filologie, hermeneutică şi traductologie. 12: 111–140. doi:10.47743/rss.2023.12-9. ISSN 2285-5580.

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"Latin Union – Languages and cultures online 2005". Dtil.unilat.org. Archived from the original on 28 January 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2010.

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Delyusto, Maryna (2016). "Mul'tilingval'nyy atlas mezhdurech'ya Dnestra i Dunaya: Istochniki i priyemy sozdaniya" Мультилингвальный атлас междуречья Днестра и Дуная:источники и приемы создания [Multi-Lingual Atlas of Dialects Spread Between the Danube and the Dniester Rivers: Sources and Tools of Creation]. Journal of Danubian Studies and Research (in Russian). 6 (1): 362–369. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

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"Official use of languages and scripts in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina". Provincial Secretariat for Regulations, Administration and National Minorities. Archived from the original on 25 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
"Official Use of Languages and Scripts in the AP Vojvodina". Provincial Secretariat for Education, Regulations, Administration and National Minorities – National Communities. Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
Provincial Secretariat for Regulations, Administration and National Minorities: "Official use of the Romanian language in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (APV)" Archived 11 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine

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Stoica, Vasile (1919). The Roumanian Question: The Roumanians and their Lands. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh Printing Company. p. 50. Archived from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 8 October 2013.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

The constitution of the Republic of Moldova referred to the country's language as Moldovan, whilst the 1991 Declaration of Independence named the official language Romanian. In December 2013, an official decision of the Constitutional Court of Moldova ruled that the Declaration of Independence takes precedence over the Constitution and that the state language is therefore Romanian, not 'Moldovan'. "Moldovan court rules official language is 'Romanian,' replacing Soviet-flavored 'Moldovan'".
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (10 July 2023). "Glottolog 4.8 - Eastern Romance". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
"ARTICOLUL 13 – Constitutia României". Cdep.ro. Archived from the original on 7 September 2011. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
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"Official use of languages and scripts in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina". Provincial Secretariat for Regulations, Administration and National Minorities. Archived from the original on 25 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
"The Commission's use of languages". Archived from the original on 3 April 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
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webcitation.org (Global: 24^th place; English: 289^th place)

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webdex.ro (Global: low place; English: low place)

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wikipedia.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

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The new edition of "Dicționarul ortografic al limbii române (ortoepic, morfologic, cu norme de punctuație)" – introduced by the Academy of Sciences of Moldova and recommended for publishing following a conference on 15 November 2000 – applies the decision of the General Meeting of the Romanian Academy from 17 February 1993, regarding the reintroduction to "â" and "sunt" in the orthography of the Romanian language. (Introduction, Institute of Linguistics of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

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Camară, Iosif (2024). "Originea celui mai vechi text românesc" [The origin of the oldest Romanian text] (PDF). Receptarea Sfintei Scripturi: între filologie, hermeneutică şi traductologie. 12: 111–140. doi:10.47743/rss.2023.12-9. ISSN 2285-5580.
Sandiuc, Corina (1 November 2014). "Languages and cultures in contact: The French language and the maritime terminology". Diversitate Si Identitate Culturala in Europa. 11 (2). ISSN 2067-0931. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2017.

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