Rotterdam (English Wikipedia)

"Urbanism Awards: Rotterdam takes top prize". Academy of Urbanism. 14 November 2014. Archived from the original on 22 December 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2014.

ad.nl (Global: 806^th place; English: 1,679^th place)

"Erdogan wil af van niet bestaande stedenband met Rotterdam" [Erdogan will not continue twin town relationship with Rotterdam]. Algemeen Dagblad (in Dutch). 15 March 2017. Archived from the original on 16 March 2017. Retrieved 15 March 2016.

allecijfers.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Migratie gemeente Rotterdam | AlleCijfers.nl". Allecijfers.nl. 17 September 2025. Retrieved 21 June 2026.

archiefweb.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

archief12.archiefweb.eu

"Rotterdam Wereldstad: Vaste koers, nieuwe ambitities" Archived 28 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine Gemeente Rotterdam, 2009. Blz. 33

architectenweb.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

Robert Muis (ed.). De Doelen Rotterdam will have a green roof with water storage. On: artikel.aspx?ID=49365 Architectenweb Archived 17 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine, 1 June 2021.

architecturetours.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Rotterdam - architectural tour - Architecture Tour Amsterdam, Rotterdam Holland and architectural guided travel, tours, excursions, study trips of the Netherlands". Architecturetours.nl. Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.

bioscoopgeschiedenis.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Cinerama Rotterdam (1960 – heden)". Bioscoop Geschiedenis. Archived from the original on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 20 July 2020.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Joanna Shapland (Editor)Justice, Community Civil Society: A Contested Terrain (2013), p. 92, at Google Books
University of the State of New York Bulletin. University of the State of New York. 1914. p. 58. Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2022.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Rotterdam - City, Port, History, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 10 March 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2018.

cbs.nl (Global: 499^th place; English: 1,133^rd place)

opendata.cbs.nl

"Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2020" [Key figures for neighbourhoods 2020]. StatLine (in Dutch). CBS. 24 July 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
"Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand". CBS StatLine (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
8,219,380 Randstad
2,620,000 Rotterdam-The Hague Metro
1,160,000 Rotterdam Urban
651,446 Rotterdam Municipality
"Population dynamics; birth, death and migration per region". Statistics Netherlands.
"CBS Statline". Opendata.cbs.nl. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
"Bevolking; geslacht, leeftijd en nationaliteit op 1 januari; 1995-2023". StatLine (in Dutch). Retrieved 30 May 2026.
"CBS Statline". opendata.cbs.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2023.

cbs.nl

"Kerkelijkheid en kerkbezoek, 2010/2013". Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. 2 October 2014. Archived from the original on 21 June 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2017.

chinatownology.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Rotterdam Chinatown". Chinatownology. Retrieved 30 May 2026.

chio.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"CHIO Rotterdam | CHIO Rotterdam". Archived from the original on 21 May 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2020.

cityguiderotterdam.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Architectuur in Rotterdam". Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.

citypopulation.de (Global: 99^th place; English: 341^st place)

"City Population: Check for Humans". City Population. Retrieved 27 July 2026.

cultureelerfgoed.nl (Global: 5,820^th place; English: low place)

archisarchief.cultureelerfgoed.nl

Vredenbregt, A.H.L.; Van Trierum, M. C. (2012). "7.6: Dating of the occupation and the different occupation phases". Rotterdam Markthal, Archeological Research (PDF) (in Dutch) (1 ed.). Rotterdam: Bureau Oudheidkundig Onderzoek Rotterdam. p. 81. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 September 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021. The habitation phase [...] starts in the middle of the 10th century (circa 950) and continues until [...] around the middle of the 11th century (circa 1050–1060). (translated)

cyclingnews.com (Global: 504^th place; English: 381^st place)

Farrand, Stephen (10 July 2023). "Tour de France Femmes to start in the Netherlands in 2024". cyclingnews.com. Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.

cyclingweekly.co.uk (Global: 8,363^rd place; English: 4,987^th place)

"Analysis: A Tour route with a difference". Cycling Weekly. 23 October 2014. Archived from the original on 12 July 2015. Retrieved 11 July 2015.

datastations.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

ssh.datastations.nl

Ad van der Meer and Onno Boonstra, Repertorium van Nederlandse gemeenten, KNAW, 2011.

dutchnews.nl (Global: 7,641^st place; English: 5,403^rd place)

Pascoe, Robin (9 January 2024). "Rotterdam mayor Ahmed Aboutaleb to step down after 15 years". DutchNews.nl. Retrieved 30 May 2026.
Darroch, Gordon (26 August 2024). "Aboutaleb bows out as mayor: "This city made me a Rotterdammer"". DutchNews.nl. Retrieved 30 May 2026.

elsevier.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

Eric Vrijsen (23 September 2008). "De schaamte voorbij: Gaza als zusterstad". Elsevier (in Dutch). Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Archived from the original on 29 June 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2014.

en.wikisource.org (Global: 82^nd place; English: 41^st place)

"Bayle, Pierre" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 556–557.
Pattison, Mark; Allen, Percy Stafford (1911). "Erasmus, Desiderius" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). pp. 727–732.
Hannay, David McDowall (1911). "Heyn, Pieter Pieterzoon" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). pp. 437–438.
"van't Hoff, Jacobus Hendricus" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 896–897.
Mitchell, John Malcolm (1911). "Mandeville, Bernard de" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). pp. 559–560.
"Molesworth, Mary Louisa" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 660.
"Oosterzee, Jan Jacob van" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 120.
"Monmouth, James Scott, Duke of" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 725–727.
"Tromp" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 304.

europa.eu (Global: 62^nd place; English: 100^th place)

ec.europa.eu

"EU regions by GDP, Eurostat". Ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 18 September 2023.

europarl.europa.eu

"Gateway to the world: how EU helped Rotterdam to become Europe's largest port | News | European Parliament". europarl.europa.eu. 21 February 2014. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2020.

eurovision.tv (Global: 466^th place; English: 504^th place)

"Rotterdam to host Eurovision 2020!". 30 August 2019. Archived from the original on 2 October 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
"Official EBU statement & FAQ on Eurovision 2020 cancellation". 18 March 2020. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
"Rotterdam returns as Eurovision Song Contest Host City in 2021". 16 May 2020. Archived from the original on 17 May 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
"Dates for Eurovision 2021 announced". 15 June 2020. Archived from the original on 15 June 2020. Retrieved 15 June 2020.

everyhit.com (Global: 5,729^th place; English: 5,732^nd place)

"everyHit.com – UK Top 40 Chart Archive, British Singles & Album Charts". everyhit.com. Archived from the original on 17 July 2007. Retrieved 17 March 2016.

eyefilm.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

player.eyefilm.nl

Eye Filmmuseum. "Stamping Ground [Film 1970]". Eye Film Player. Retrieved 24 December 2023.

fenix.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

press.fenix.nl

"De Kooning masterpiece installed for opening of Fenix in Rotterdam - the new art museum about migration". Fenix Press Office. 1 May 2025. Retrieved 27 June 2026.

filmfestivalrotterdam.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"International Film Festival official website". Archived from the original on 22 October 2006. Retrieved 15 May 2008.

ft.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 127^th place)

rankings.ft.com

"Business School Ranking of the Financial Times 2009". Rankings.ft.com. Archived from the original on 24 March 2009. Retrieved 12 April 2011.

holland.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Architecture in Rotterdam". Archived from the original on 15 December 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
"Discover the architecture of Rotterdam". Holland.com. 14 July 2014. Archived from the original on 15 December 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
"Utrecht – Grand Depart Tour de France 2015". Holland.com. 9 December 2014. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 12 July 2015.

iabrotterdam.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Pijbes, Wim (November 2016). "Rotterdam city of culture and tourist destination: a study" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 October 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.

infoclimat.fr (Global: 6,326^th place; English: 8,794^th place)

"Climatologie de l'année à Rotterdam". Infoclimat. Retrieved 16 October 2023.

ing.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

inghouse.ing.com

"ING building brief". Archived from the original on 8 March 2005. Retrieved 15 May 2008.

jrf.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

The Joseph Rowntree Foundation (2016). "International cities: case studies Rotterdam" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 July 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.

klimaatadaptatienederland.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Heat Stress in Rotterdam". Spatial adaptation. 30 June 2011. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 29 April 2022.

klimaatatlas.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Klimaattabel Rotterdam, langjarige gemiddelden, tijdvak 1991–2020" (PDF) (in Dutch). Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2013.

knmi.nl (Global: 7,530^th place; English: 7,082^nd place)

"Klimaattabel Rotterdam, langjarige extremen, tijdvak 1971–2000" (PDF) (in Dutch). Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 10 September 2013.^{[dead link]}

knsexamen.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Werkloosheid in Rotterdam KNSexamen: Weblog Inburgering, NT2, examen". Knsexamen.nl. 23 April 2009. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2011.

koninginnedag.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"KoninginnedagFestival official website". Archived from the original on 9 May 2008. Retrieved 15 May 2008.

letour.fr (Global: 2,977^th place; English: 3,482^nd place)

"Tour de France 2010 – The route". Tour de France. 14 October 2009. Archived from the original on 16 October 2009. Retrieved 14 October 2009.

macrotrends.net (Global: 6,458^th place; English: 5,480^th place)

"Rotterdam, Netherlands Metro Area Population (1950-2026)". MacroTrends. Retrieved 27 July 2026.

maritiemmuseum.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Maritiem Museum official site". Archived from the original on 20 February 2001. Retrieved 15 May 2008.

metronieuws.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Foto's: Rotterdam wordt Manhattan aan de Maas". Metronieuws.nl. 21 November 2013. Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.

mrdh.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The power of partnership". MRDH Metropoolregio Rotterdam Den Haag (in Dutch). Retrieved 27 July 2026.

museumrotterdam.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

Museum Rotterdam Archived 5 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 25 April 2016.

mvrdv.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"MVRDV - Depot Boijmans Van Beuningen". Mvrdv.nl. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2022.

nederlandwordtanders.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Dakpark Rotterdam". Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 30 May 2026.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Sherwood, Seth (11 May 2023). "36 Hours in Rotterdam, the Netherlands". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 30 May 2026.

opzoomermee.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

A history of Opzoomeren Archived 22 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine (Dutch).

pleinbioscoop.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Pleinbioscoop official website". Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 15 May 2008.

portofrotterdam.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Home". Port of Rotterdam. Archived from the original on 15 April 2009. Retrieved 6 May 2009.

rijnmond.nl (Global: 7,625^th place; English: 8,105^th place)

"Zo gaat 'Manhattan aan de Maas' eruit zien - RTV Rijnmond". Rijnmond.nl. Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.

rotterdam.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

rotterdam.nl

"College van b en w" [Board of mayor and aldermen] (in Dutch). Gemeente Rotterdam. Archived from the original on 1 January 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
"Geschiedenis van Rotterdam". Gemeente Rotterdam. 9 March 2015. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
"Park Rozenburg". Archived from the original on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
"Groene daken". Archived from the original on 29 September 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
"Rotterdam. Een sterk internationaal merk" (PDF) (PDF) (in Dutch). Rotterdam, The Netherlands: City of Rotterdam. 2008. p. 37. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2015.

stadsarchief.rotterdam.nl

Stadsarchief Rotterdam. "Archives". Stadsarchief Rotterdam (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.

rotterdamcruiseguide.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Rotterdam Cruise Location, Address". Rotterdam Cruise Guide. Retrieved 19 July 2026.

rotterdammarathon.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Rotterdam Marathon official website". Archived from the original on 4 October 2006. Retrieved 15 May 2008.

rotterdamny.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

History of Rotterdam, NY Archived 26 December 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Consulted 26 December 2022.

rotterdamsphilharmonisch.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra". Rotterdamsphilharmonisch.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 20 December 2023.

roughguides.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Top 10 Cities : The Rough Guide to 2014". Rough Guides. 9 March 2015. Archived from the original on 22 March 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2015.

rozenburgpark.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Rozenburgpark – Een groene oase in de Rotterdamse wijk Kralingen". rozenburgpark.nl. Archived from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.

rtm-xl.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Rotterdam in de wolken". Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.

rzv.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Boterletter". Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 11 May 2020.

sites.google.com (Global: 658^th place; English: 657^th place)

"1997-2005 - PONLHeritage". P&O Nedlloyd. Archived from the original on 4 October 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2018.

skyscrapercenter.com (Global: 970^th place; English: 643^rd place)

"Rotterdam". The Skyscraper Center. Archived from the original on 10 September 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
"Netherlands". The Skyscraper Center. Archived from the original on 10 September 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.

soros.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kim Jansen (2010). Muslims in Rotterdam (PDF) (Report). Open Society Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 December 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2010.

theculturetrip.com (Global: 4,243^rd place; English: 3,023^rd place)

"Stunning Structures: The Best of Rotterdam's Architecture". Theculturetrip.com. 19 August 2014. Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

Wainwright, Oliver (2013). "Rem Koolhaas's De Rotterdam: cut and paste architecture". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 January 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2019.

timeshighereducation.com (Global: 1,666^th place; English: 1,195^th place)

"Erasmus University Rotterdam". Times Higher Education (THE). Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.

top010.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

nieuws.top010.nl

"Architectuur in Rotterdam". Archived from the original on 25 September 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.

trouw.nl (Global: 1,579^th place; English: 2,802^nd place)

"Vijf must sees in het Manhattan aan de Maas". 8 November 2014. Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.

vesteda.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Manhattan on the Meuse continued". vesteda.com. Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.

vpro.nl (Global: 5,348^th place; English: 9,197^th place)

3voor12.vpro.nl

"Nighttown gesloten door curator". 3voor12 (in Dutch). 19 July 2006. Retrieved 20 December 2023.

wdw.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Witte de With museum". Archived from the original on 19 May 2008. Retrieved 15 May 2008.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"College van b en w" [Board of mayor and aldermen] (in Dutch). Gemeente Rotterdam. Archived from the original on 1 January 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
Anita Bouman–Eijs; Thijmen van Bree; Wouter Jonkhoff; Olaf Koops; Walter Manshanden; Elmer Rietveld (17 December 2012). De Top 20 van Europese grootstedelijke regio's 1995–2011; Randstad Holland in internationaal perspectief [Top 20 of European metropolitan regions 1995–2011; Randstad Holland compared internationally] (PDF) (Technical report) (in Dutch). Delft: TNO. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
"Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand". CBS StatLine (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
8,219,380 Randstad
2,620,000 Rotterdam-The Hague Metro
1,160,000 Rotterdam Urban
651,446 Rotterdam Municipality
"Top 10 Cities : The Rough Guide to 2014". Rough Guides. 9 March 2015. Archived from the original on 22 March 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
"Urbanism Awards: Rotterdam takes top prize". Academy of Urbanism. 14 November 2014. Archived from the original on 22 December 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
"Gateway to the world: how EU helped Rotterdam to become Europe's largest port | News | European Parliament". europarl.europa.eu. 21 February 2014. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
Vredenbregt, A.H.L.; Van Trierum, M. C. (2012). "7.6: Dating of the occupation and the different occupation phases". Rotterdam Markthal, Archeological Research (PDF) (in Dutch) (1 ed.). Rotterdam: Bureau Oudheidkundig Onderzoek Rotterdam. p. 81. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 September 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021. The habitation phase [...] starts in the middle of the 10th century (circa 950) and continues until [...] around the middle of the 11th century (circa 1050–1060). (translated)
"Geschiedenis van Rotterdam". Gemeente Rotterdam. 9 March 2015. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
"Rotterdam - City, Port, History, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 10 March 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
"The Witte Huis or White House". Archived from the original on 20 December 2004. Retrieved 15 May 2008.
Wainwright, Oliver (2013). "Rem Koolhaas's De Rotterdam: cut and paste architecture". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 January 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
"Heat Stress in Rotterdam". Spatial adaptation. 30 June 2011. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
"Klimaattabel Rotterdam, langjarige gemiddelden, tijdvak 1991–2020" (PDF) (in Dutch). Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
"Rotterdam Population 2018 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)". worldpopulationreview.com. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
World Population Review (2019). "Population of Cities in Netherlands (2019)". Archived from the original on 11 July 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
The Joseph Rowntree Foundation (2016). "International cities: case studies Rotterdam" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 July 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
Pijbes, Wim (November 2016). "Rotterdam city of culture and tourist destination: a study" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 October 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
Kim Jansen (2010). Muslims in Rotterdam (PDF) (Report). Open Society Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 December 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
"CBS Statline". opendata.cbs.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
"Kerkelijkheid en kerkbezoek, 2010/2013". Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. 2 October 2014. Archived from the original on 21 June 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
"1997-2005 - PONLHeritage". P&O Nedlloyd. Archived from the original on 4 October 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
"Werkloosheid in Rotterdam KNSexamen: Weblog Inburgering, NT2, examen". Knsexamen.nl. 23 April 2009. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
"Home". Port of Rotterdam. Archived from the original on 15 April 2009. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
"Business School Ranking of the Financial Times 2009". Rankings.ft.com. Archived from the original on 24 March 2009. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
"Europe | Ranking Web of Hospitals". hospitals.webometrics.info. Archived from the original on 19 July 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
"Erasmus University Rotterdam". Times Higher Education (THE). Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
"Cinerama Rotterdam (1960 – heden)". Bioscoop Geschiedenis. Archived from the original on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
"Witte de With museum". Archived from the original on 19 May 2008. Retrieved 15 May 2008.
"Maritiem Museum official site". Archived from the original on 20 February 2001. Retrieved 15 May 2008.
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"Rotterdam to host Eurovision 2020!". 30 August 2019. Archived from the original on 2 October 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
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"Rotterdam returns as Eurovision Song Contest Host City in 2021". 16 May 2020. Archived from the original on 17 May 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
"Dates for Eurovision 2021 announced". 15 June 2020. Archived from the original on 15 June 2020. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
"Rotterdam, Netherlands – We Be High". Archived from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
"Rotterdam in de wolken". Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
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"Vijf must sees in het Manhattan aan de Maas". 8 November 2014. Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
"Foto's: Rotterdam wordt Manhattan aan de Maas". Metronieuws.nl. 21 November 2013. Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
"Architecture in Rotterdam". Archived from the original on 15 December 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
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"Stunning Structures: The Best of Rotterdam's Architecture". Theculturetrip.com. 19 August 2014. Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
"Architectuur in Rotterdam". Archived from the original on 25 September 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
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"Park Rozenburg". Archived from the original on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
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A history of Opzoomeren Archived 22 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine (Dutch).
"Groene daken". Archived from the original on 29 September 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
"Dakpark Rotterdam". Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 30 May 2026.
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"Tour de France 2010 – The route". Tour de France. 14 October 2009. Archived from the original on 16 October 2009. Retrieved 14 October 2009.
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"Rotterdam Marathon official website". Archived from the original on 4 October 2006. Retrieved 15 May 2008.
"KoninginnedagFestival official website". Archived from the original on 9 May 2008. Retrieved 15 May 2008.
"CHIO Rotterdam | CHIO Rotterdam". Archived from the original on 21 May 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
"Zomer Carnival official website". Archived from the original on 22 July 2003. Retrieved 15 May 2008.
"Pleinbioscoop official website". Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 15 May 2008.
"World Port Day (Rotterdam) official website (in Dutch and English)". Archived from the original on 16 April 2008. Retrieved 15 May 2008.
"Boterletter". Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
"Rotterdam. Een sterk internationaal merk" (PDF) (PDF) (in Dutch). Rotterdam, The Netherlands: City of Rotterdam. 2008. p. 37. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
"Rotterdam Wereldstad: Vaste koers, nieuwe ambitities" Archived 28 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine Gemeente Rotterdam, 2009. Blz. 33
"Erdogan wil af van niet bestaande stedenband met Rotterdam" [Erdogan will not continue twin town relationship with Rotterdam]. Algemeen Dagblad (in Dutch). 15 March 2017. Archived from the original on 16 March 2017. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
Eric Vrijsen (23 September 2008). "De schaamte voorbij: Gaza als zusterstad". Elsevier (in Dutch). Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Archived from the original on 29 June 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
University of the State of New York Bulletin. University of the State of New York. 1914. p. 58. Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
History of Rotterdam, NY Archived 26 December 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Consulted 26 December 2022.
"everyHit.com – UK Top 40 Chart Archive, British Singles & Album Charts". everyhit.com. Archived from the original on 17 July 2007. Retrieved 17 March 2016.

webehigh.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Rotterdam, Netherlands – We Be High". Archived from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2020.

webometrics.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

hospitals.webometrics.info

"Europe | Ranking Web of Hospitals". hospitals.webometrics.info. Archived from the original on 19 July 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.

wederopbouwrotterdam.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Post-War Reconstruction". wederopbouwrotterdam.nl. Retrieved 8 July 2026.

wereldhavendagen.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"World Port Day (Rotterdam) official website (in Dutch and English)". Archived from the original on 16 April 2008. Retrieved 15 May 2008.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Sherwood, Seth (11 May 2023). "36 Hours in Rotterdam, the Netherlands". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 30 May 2026.
Götzel 1980, pp. 149, 150. Götzel, H (1980), Generaloberst Kurt Student und seine Fallschirmjäger (in German), Podzun-Pallas Verlag, ISBN 3-7909-0131-8, OCLC 7863989

worldpopulationreview.com (Global: 2,810^th place; English: 4,138^th place)

"Rotterdam Population 2018 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)". worldpopulationreview.com. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
World Population Review (2019). "Population of Cities in Netherlands (2019)". Archived from the original on 11 July 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.

worldrowing.com (Global: 2,041^st place; English: 1,907^th place)

"Men's Eight - Final". World Rowing. World Rowing.com. Archived from the original on 23 June 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2020.

worm.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Worm. "Filmwerkplaats - Worm - A Rotterdam based organisation working at the intersection of culture and arts". Worm. Retrieved 24 December 2023.

zomercarnaval.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Zomer Carnival official website". Archived from the original on 22 July 2003. Retrieved 15 May 2008.

zuidvleugel.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

Anita Bouman–Eijs; Thijmen van Bree; Wouter Jonkhoff; Olaf Koops; Walter Manshanden; Elmer Rietveld (17 December 2012). De Top 20 van Europese grootstedelijke regio's 1995–2011; Randstad Holland in internationaal perspectief [Top 20 of European metropolitan regions 1995–2011; Randstad Holland compared internationally] (PDF) (Technical report) (in Dutch). Delft: TNO. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2013.

Rotterdam (English Wikipedia)

abnamrowtt.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

academyofurbanism.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

ad.nl (Global: 806th place; English: 1,679th place)

allecijfers.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

archiefweb.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

archief12.archiefweb.eu

architectenweb.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

architecturetours.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

bioscoopgeschiedenis.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 37th place; English: 64th place)

cbs.nl (Global: 499th place; English: 1,133rd place)

opendata.cbs.nl

cbs.nl

chinatownology.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

chio.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

cityguiderotterdam.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

citypopulation.de (Global: 99th place; English: 341st place)

cultureelerfgoed.nl (Global: 5,820th place; English: low place)

archisarchief.cultureelerfgoed.nl

cyclingnews.com (Global: 504th place; English: 381st place)

cyclingweekly.co.uk (Global: 8,363rd place; English: 4,987th place)

datastations.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

ssh.datastations.nl

dutchnews.nl (Global: 7,641st place; English: 5,403rd place)

elsevier.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

en.wikisource.org (Global: 82nd place; English: 41st place)

europa.eu (Global: 62nd place; English: 100th place)

ec.europa.eu

europarl.europa.eu

eurovision.tv (Global: 466th place; English: 504th place)

everyhit.com (Global: 5,729th place; English: 5,732nd place)

eyefilm.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

player.eyefilm.nl

fenix.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

press.fenix.nl

filmfestivalrotterdam.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

ft.com (Global: 193rd place; English: 127th place)

rankings.ft.com

holland.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

iabrotterdam.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

infoclimat.fr (Global: 6,326th place; English: 8,794th place)

ing.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

inghouse.ing.com

jrf.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

klimaatadaptatienederland.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

klimaatatlas.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

knmi.nl (Global: 7,530th place; English: 7,082nd place)

knsexamen.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

koninginnedag.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

letour.fr (Global: 2,977th place; English: 3,482nd place)

macrotrends.net (Global: 6,458th place; English: 5,480th place)

maritiemmuseum.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

metronieuws.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

mrdh.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

museumrotterdam.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

mvrdv.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

nederlandwordtanders.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

opzoomermee.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

pleinbioscoop.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

portofrotterdam.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

rijnmond.nl (Global: 7,625th place; English: 8,105th place)

rotterdam.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

rotterdam.nl

stadsarchief.rotterdam.nl

rotterdamcruiseguide.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

rotterdammarathon.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

rotterdamny.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

rotterdamsphilharmonisch.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

roughguides.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

rozenburgpark.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

rtm-xl.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

rzv.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

sites.google.com (Global: 658th place; English: 657th place)

skyscrapercenter.com (Global: 970th place; English: 643rd place)

soros.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

theculturetrip.com (Global: 4,243rd place; English: 3,023rd place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16th place; English: 11th place)

ad.nl (Global: 806^th place; English: 1,679^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

cbs.nl (Global: 499^th place; English: 1,133^rd place)

citypopulation.de (Global: 99^th place; English: 341^st place)

cultureelerfgoed.nl (Global: 5,820^th place; English: low place)

cyclingnews.com (Global: 504^th place; English: 381^st place)

cyclingweekly.co.uk (Global: 8,363^rd place; English: 4,987^th place)

dutchnews.nl (Global: 7,641^st place; English: 5,403^rd place)

en.wikisource.org (Global: 82^nd place; English: 41^st place)

europa.eu (Global: 62^nd place; English: 100^th place)

eurovision.tv (Global: 466^th place; English: 504^th place)

everyhit.com (Global: 5,729^th place; English: 5,732^nd place)

ft.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 127^th place)

infoclimat.fr (Global: 6,326^th place; English: 8,794^th place)

knmi.nl (Global: 7,530^th place; English: 7,082^nd place)

letour.fr (Global: 2,977^th place; English: 3,482^nd place)

macrotrends.net (Global: 6,458^th place; English: 5,480^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

rijnmond.nl (Global: 7,625^th place; English: 8,105^th place)

sites.google.com (Global: 658^th place; English: 657^th place)

skyscrapercenter.com (Global: 970^th place; English: 643^rd place)

theculturetrip.com (Global: 4,243^rd place; English: 3,023^rd place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

timeshighereducation.com (Global: 1,666^th place; English: 1,195^th place)

trouw.nl (Global: 1,579^th place; English: 2,802^nd place)

vpro.nl (Global: 5,348^th place; English: 9,197^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

worldpopulationreview.com (Global: 2,810^th place; English: 4,138^th place)

worldrowing.com (Global: 2,041^st place; English: 1,907^th place)