Rounded shoulder posture (English Wikipedia)

Guduru, Rama Krishna Reddy; Domeika, Aurelijus; Domeikienė, Auksė (25 March 2022). "Effect of Rounded and Hunched Shoulder Postures on Myotonometric Measurements of Upper Body Muscles in Sedentary Workers". Applied Sciences. 12 (7): 3333. doi:10.3390/app12073333.
Jung, Sang In; Lee, Na Kyung; Kang, Kyung Woo; Kim, Kyoung; Lee, Do Youn (2016). "The effect of smartphone usage time on posture and respiratory function". Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 28 (1): 186–189. doi:10.1589/jpts.28.186. PMC 4756000. PMID 26957754.
Harman, Katherine; Hubley-Kozey, Cheryl L.; Butler, Heather (July 2005). "Effectiveness of an Exercise Program to Improve Forward Head Posture in Normal Adults: A Randomized, Controlled 10-Week Trial". Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy. 13 (3): 163–176. doi:10.1179/106698105790824888. S2CID 73304931.
Lee, Chan-hee; Hwang, Sujin (30 March 2020). "Diagnostic values of abdominal muscles thickness and sterno-costal angle for young adults with rounded shoulders". Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science. 9 (1): 49–54. doi:10.14474/ptrs.2020.9.1.49. S2CID 216199280.
Foxman, Irina; Burgel, Barbara J. (July 2006). "Musician Health and Safety: Preventing Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders". AAOHN Journal. 54 (7): 309–316. doi:10.1177/216507990605400703. PMID 16862878. S2CID 20461408.
Davudian-Talab, Amirhossein; Azari, Gholamreza; Badfar, Gholamreza; Shafeei, Asrin; Derakhshan, Zainab (5 October 2017). "Evaluation and Correlation of the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment and Rapid Office Strain Assessment Methods for Predicting the Risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders". Internal Medicine and Medical Investigation Journal. 2 (4): 155. doi:10.24200/imminv.v2i4.87.
Kirthika, SVeena; Sudhakar, Selvaraj; Padmanabhan, K; Ramanathan, K (2018). "Impact of upper crossed syndrome on pulmonary function among the recreational male players: A preliminary report". Saudi Journal of Sports Medicine. 18 (2): 71. doi:10.4103/sjsm.sjsm_51_17. S2CID 86496105.
Hadi, Muhammad Abdul; McHugh, Gretl A; Closs, S José (June 2019). "Impact of Chronic Pain on Patients' Quality of Life: A Comparative Mixed-Methods Study". Journal of Patient Experience. 6 (2): 133–141. doi:10.1177/2374373518786013. PMC 6558939. PMID 31218259.
Valachi, Bethany; Valachi, Keith (October 2003). "Mechanisms leading to musculoskeletal disorders in dentistry". The Journal of the American Dental Association. 134 (10): 1344–1350. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2003.0048. PMID 14620013.
Maciejewska-Skrendo, Agnieszka; Leźnicka, Katarzyna; Leońska-Duniec, Agata; Wilk, Michal; Filip, Aleksandra; Cięszczyk, Paweł; Sawczuk, Marek (31 August 2020). "Genetics of Muscle Stiffness, Muscle Elasticity and Explosive Strength". Journal of Human Kinetics. 74 (1): 143–159. doi:10.2478/hukin-2020-0027. PMC 7706646. PMID 33312283.
O'Dowd, Seán; Curtin, Denis; Waite, Adrian J.; Roberts, Kinley; Pender, Niall; Reid, Valerie; O'Connell, Martin; Williams, Nigel M.; Morris, Huw R.; Traynor, Bryan J.; Lynch, Timothy (July 2012). "C9ORF72 expansion in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia also causes parkinsonism: Letters to the Editor". Movement Disorders. 27 (8): 1072–1074. doi:10.1002/mds.25022. PMC 3516857. PMID 22807188.
Beighton, P (May 1970). "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 29 (3): 332–333. doi:10.1136/ard.29.3.332. PMC 1031273. PMID 5432600.
Hunt, G.J. (May 2007). "Flight and fight: A comparative view of the neurophysiology and genetics of honey bee defensive behavior". Journal of Insect Physiology. 53 (5): 399–410. doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.01.010. PMC 2606975. PMID 17379239.
Bracha, H. Stefan (September 2004). "Freeze, Flight, Fight, Fright, Faint: Adaptationist Perspectives on the Acute Stress Response Spectrum" (PDF). CNS Spectrums. 9 (9): 679–685. doi:10.1017/S1092852900001954. PMID 15337864. S2CID 8430710.
Jain, Nikhil; Malik, Azeem T.; Phillips, Frank M.; Khan, Safdar N.; Yu, Elizabeth (February 2021). "Degenerative Adult Cervical Kyphosis With Secondary Diagnosis Codes Are Associated With Higher Cost and Complications After Spinal Fusion: A Medicare Database Study". International Journal of Spine Surgery. 15 (1): 26–36. doi:10.14444/8003. PMC 7931719. PMID 33900954.
Ryan, Stephen D.; Fried, Linda P. (December 1997). "The Impact of Kyphosis on Daily Functioning". Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 45 (12): 1479–1486. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb03199.x. PMID 9400558. S2CID 41318727.
Aebi, Max (December 2005). "The adult scoliosis". European Spine Journal. 14 (10): 925–948. doi:10.1007/s00586-005-1053-9. PMID 16328223. S2CID 22119278.
Lee, Do Youn; Nam, Chan Woo; Sung, Youn Bum; Kim, Kyoung; Lee, Hae Yong (2017). "Changes in rounded shoulder posture and forward head posture according to exercise methods". Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 29 (10): 1824–1827. doi:10.1589/jpts.29.1824. PMC 5684019. PMID 29184298.
korooshfard, Negar; Ramezanzade, Hesam; Arabnarmi, Batool (2011). "Relationship of self esteem with forward head posture and round shoulder". Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 15: 3698–3702. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.358.
Gerhardt, John J.; Rondinelli, Robert D. (August 2001). "Goniometric Techniques for Range-of-Motion Assessment". Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America. 12 (3): 507–528. doi:10.1016/S1047-9651(18)30047-0. PMID 11478185.
Papotto, Brianna M.; Rice, Thomas; Malone, Terry; Butterfield, Timothy; Uhl, Tim L. (1 May 2016). "Reliability of Isometric and Eccentric Isokinetic Shoulder External Rotation". Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 25 (2). doi:10.1123/jsr.2015-0046. PMC 8059135. PMID 26562351.
Merolla, Giovanni; De Santis, Elisa; Campi, Fabrizio; Paladini, Paolo; Porcellini, Giuseppe (June 2010). "Infraspinatus scapular retraction test: a reliable and practical method to assess infraspinatus strength in overhead athletes with scapular dyskinesis". Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. 11 (2): 105–110. doi:10.1007/s10195-010-0095-x. PMC 2896576. PMID 20514507.
Davidson, Robin I.; Dunn, Edward J.; Metzmaker, Jeffrey N. (September 1981). "The Shoulder Abduction Test in the Diagnosis of Radicular Pain in Cervical Extradural Compressive Monoradiculopathies". Spine. 6 (5): 441–446. doi:10.1097/00007632-198109000-00004. PMID 7302677. S2CID 23523267.
Hasan, Shahnaz; Iqbal, Amir; Alghadir, Ahmad H.; Alonazi, Asma; Alyahya, Danah (8 February 2023). "The Combined Effect of the Trapezius Muscle Strengthening and Pectoralis Minor Muscle Stretching on Correcting the Rounded Shoulder Posture and Shoulder Flexion Range of Motion among Young Saudi Females: A Randomized Comparative Study". Healthcare. 11 (4): 500. doi:10.3390/healthcare11040500. PMC 9956189. PMID 36833034.
Rosa, Dayana P.; Borstad, John D.; Pogetti, Lívia S.; Camargo, Paula R. (January 2017). "Effects of a stretching protocol for the pectoralis minor on muscle length, function, and scapular kinematics in individuals with and without shoulder pain". Journal of Hand Therapy. 30 (1): 20–29. doi:10.1016/j.jht.2016.06.006. PMID 27769843. S2CID 37276267.
Cleland, Joshua; Selleck, Ben; Stowell, Thomas; Browne, Lindsey; Alberini, Steve; St. Cyr, Heather; Caron, Thomas (April 2004). "Short-Term Effects of Thoracic Manipulation on Lower Trapezius Muscle Strength". Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy. 12 (2): 82–90. doi:10.1179/106698104790825284. S2CID 57751940.
Wong, Christopher Kevin; Coleman, Denise; diPersia, Vincent; Song, Judi; Wright, Dennis (October 2010). "The effects of manual treatment on rounded-shoulder posture, and associated muscle strength". Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 14 (4): 326–333. doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2009.05.001. PMID 20850039.
Clare, Helen A; Adams, Roger; Maher, Christopher G (2004). "A systematic review of efficacy of McKenzie therapy for spinal pain". Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 50 (4): 209–216. doi:10.1016/S0004-9514(14)60110-0. PMID 15574109.
Kang, Jeong il; Jeong, Dae Keun; Choi, Hyun (31 March 2018). "Effect of Cervical Spinal Decompression on the Cervical Muscle Tone and Disc Height in Patients with Cervical Intervertebral Disc Herniation". Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research. 9 (1): 1420–1425. doi:10.20540/JIAPTR.2018.9.1.1420.
Diego, Miguel A.; Field, Tiffany; Hernandez-Reif, Maria; Hart, Sybil; Brucker, Bernard; Field, Tory; Burman, Iris (2002). "Spinal cord patients benefit from massage therapy". International Journal of Neuroscience. 112 (2): 133–142. doi:10.1080/00207450212023. PMID 12325402. S2CID 22210638.
Kamalakannan, M.; Rakshana, R.; Padma priya, R. (9 November 2020). "Estimation and prevention of text neck syndrome among smart phone users". Biomedicine (India). 40 (3): 372–376. doi:10.51248/.v40i3.30. S2CID 234670174.
Choi, Jung-Hyun; Jung, Min-Ho; Yoo, Kyung-Tae (2016). "An analysis of the activity and muscle fatigue of the muscles around the neck under the three most frequent postures while using a smartphone". Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 28 (5): 1660–1664. doi:10.1589/jpts.28.1660. PMC 4905932. PMID 27313393.
Roddey, Toni S.; Olson, Sharon L.; Grant, Susan E. (July 2002). "The Effect of Pectoralis Muscle Stretching on the Resting Position of the Scapula in Persons with Varying Degrees of Forward Head/Rounded Shoulder Posture". Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy. 10 (3): 124–128. doi:10.1179/106698102790819247. S2CID 71259643.
Griegel-Morris, Patricia; Larson, Keith; Mueller-Klaus, Krissann; Oatis, Carol A (June 1992). "Incidence of Common Postural Abnormalities in the Cervical, Shoulder, and Thoracic Regions and Their Association with Pain in Two Age Groups of Healthy Subjects". Physical Therapy. 72 (6): 425–431. doi:10.1093/ptj/72.6.425. PMID 1589462.
Moore, Michele K. (July 2004). "Upper Crossed Syndrome and Its Relationship to Cervicogenic Headache". Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 27 (6): 414–420. doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2004.05.007. PMID 15319765.
Kapreli, Eleni; Vourazanis, Evangelos; Strimpakos, Nikolaos (January 2008). "Neck pain causes respiratory dysfunction". Medical Hypotheses. 70 (5): 1009–1013. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2007.07.050. PMID 17959320.
Dağ, Figen; Taş, Serkan; Çimen, Özlem Bölgen (May 2022). "Pulmonary Functions in Patients With Chronic Neck Pain: A Case-Control Study". Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 45 (4): 290–297. doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2022.07.002. PMID 36057477. S2CID 251996545.
Hoffman, Pamela K.; Meier, Brian P.; Council, James R. (December 2002). "A Comparison of Chronic Pain Between an Urban and Rural Population". Journal of Community Health Nursing. 19 (4): 213–224. doi:10.1207/S15327655JCHN1904_02. PMID 12494742. S2CID 30148542.
Gaskin, Darrell J.; Richard, Patrick (August 2012). "The Economic Costs of Pain in the United States". The Journal of Pain. 13 (8): 715–724. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2012.03.009. PMID 22607834. S2CID 8727015.

fitnessnetwork.com.au

Price, Justin (2022-09-19). "Causes and Cures for Rounded Shoulders". Australian Institute of Fitness. Retrieved 2023-04-11.

lustrengththerapy.com

"Rounded Shoulders and Shoulder Pain". Lu Strength & Therapy. 3 April 2019.

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"Lactose intolerance - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic". www.mayoclinic.org. Retrieved 2023-03-28.

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Johnson, Jon (25 July 2017). "Rounded shoulders: Causes, risk factors, diagnosis, and exercises". Medical News Today.

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"Ehlers-Danlos syndromes". NHS. 18 October 2017.

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pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Jung, Sang In; Lee, Na Kyung; Kang, Kyung Woo; Kim, Kyoung; Lee, Do Youn (2016). "The effect of smartphone usage time on posture and respiratory function". Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 28 (1): 186–189. doi:10.1589/jpts.28.186. PMC 4756000. PMID 26957754.
Foxman, Irina; Burgel, Barbara J. (July 2006). "Musician Health and Safety: Preventing Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders". AAOHN Journal. 54 (7): 309–316. doi:10.1177/216507990605400703. PMID 16862878. S2CID 20461408.
Hadi, Muhammad Abdul; McHugh, Gretl A; Closs, S José (June 2019). "Impact of Chronic Pain on Patients' Quality of Life: A Comparative Mixed-Methods Study". Journal of Patient Experience. 6 (2): 133–141. doi:10.1177/2374373518786013. PMC 6558939. PMID 31218259.
Valachi, Bethany; Valachi, Keith (October 2003). "Mechanisms leading to musculoskeletal disorders in dentistry". The Journal of the American Dental Association. 134 (10): 1344–1350. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2003.0048. PMID 14620013.
Maciejewska-Skrendo, Agnieszka; Leźnicka, Katarzyna; Leońska-Duniec, Agata; Wilk, Michal; Filip, Aleksandra; Cięszczyk, Paweł; Sawczuk, Marek (31 August 2020). "Genetics of Muscle Stiffness, Muscle Elasticity and Explosive Strength". Journal of Human Kinetics. 74 (1): 143–159. doi:10.2478/hukin-2020-0027. PMC 7706646. PMID 33312283.
O'Dowd, Seán; Curtin, Denis; Waite, Adrian J.; Roberts, Kinley; Pender, Niall; Reid, Valerie; O'Connell, Martin; Williams, Nigel M.; Morris, Huw R.; Traynor, Bryan J.; Lynch, Timothy (July 2012). "C9ORF72 expansion in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia also causes parkinsonism: Letters to the Editor". Movement Disorders. 27 (8): 1072–1074. doi:10.1002/mds.25022. PMC 3516857. PMID 22807188.
Beighton, P (May 1970). "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 29 (3): 332–333. doi:10.1136/ard.29.3.332. PMC 1031273. PMID 5432600.
Hunt, G.J. (May 2007). "Flight and fight: A comparative view of the neurophysiology and genetics of honey bee defensive behavior". Journal of Insect Physiology. 53 (5): 399–410. doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.01.010. PMC 2606975. PMID 17379239.
Bracha, H. Stefan (September 2004). "Freeze, Flight, Fight, Fright, Faint: Adaptationist Perspectives on the Acute Stress Response Spectrum" (PDF). CNS Spectrums. 9 (9): 679–685. doi:10.1017/S1092852900001954. PMID 15337864. S2CID 8430710.
Jain, Nikhil; Malik, Azeem T.; Phillips, Frank M.; Khan, Safdar N.; Yu, Elizabeth (February 2021). "Degenerative Adult Cervical Kyphosis With Secondary Diagnosis Codes Are Associated With Higher Cost and Complications After Spinal Fusion: A Medicare Database Study". International Journal of Spine Surgery. 15 (1): 26–36. doi:10.14444/8003. PMC 7931719. PMID 33900954.
Ryan, Stephen D.; Fried, Linda P. (December 1997). "The Impact of Kyphosis on Daily Functioning". Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 45 (12): 1479–1486. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb03199.x. PMID 9400558. S2CID 41318727.
Aebi, Max (December 2005). "The adult scoliosis". European Spine Journal. 14 (10): 925–948. doi:10.1007/s00586-005-1053-9. PMID 16328223. S2CID 22119278.
Lee, Do Youn; Nam, Chan Woo; Sung, Youn Bum; Kim, Kyoung; Lee, Hae Yong (2017). "Changes in rounded shoulder posture and forward head posture according to exercise methods". Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 29 (10): 1824–1827. doi:10.1589/jpts.29.1824. PMC 5684019. PMID 29184298.
Gerhardt, John J.; Rondinelli, Robert D. (August 2001). "Goniometric Techniques for Range-of-Motion Assessment". Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America. 12 (3): 507–528. doi:10.1016/S1047-9651(18)30047-0. PMID 11478185.
Papotto, Brianna M.; Rice, Thomas; Malone, Terry; Butterfield, Timothy; Uhl, Tim L. (1 May 2016). "Reliability of Isometric and Eccentric Isokinetic Shoulder External Rotation". Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 25 (2). doi:10.1123/jsr.2015-0046. PMC 8059135. PMID 26562351.
Merolla, Giovanni; De Santis, Elisa; Campi, Fabrizio; Paladini, Paolo; Porcellini, Giuseppe (June 2010). "Infraspinatus scapular retraction test: a reliable and practical method to assess infraspinatus strength in overhead athletes with scapular dyskinesis". Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. 11 (2): 105–110. doi:10.1007/s10195-010-0095-x. PMC 2896576. PMID 20514507.
Davidson, Robin I.; Dunn, Edward J.; Metzmaker, Jeffrey N. (September 1981). "The Shoulder Abduction Test in the Diagnosis of Radicular Pain in Cervical Extradural Compressive Monoradiculopathies". Spine. 6 (5): 441–446. doi:10.1097/00007632-198109000-00004. PMID 7302677. S2CID 23523267.
Nejati, Parisa; Lotfian, Sara; Moezy, Azar; Moezy, Azar; Nejati, Mina (2014). "The relationship of forward head posture and rounded shoulders with neck pain in Iranian office workers". Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 28: 26. PMC 4154278. PMID 25250268.
Hasan, Shahnaz; Iqbal, Amir; Alghadir, Ahmad H.; Alonazi, Asma; Alyahya, Danah (8 February 2023). "The Combined Effect of the Trapezius Muscle Strengthening and Pectoralis Minor Muscle Stretching on Correcting the Rounded Shoulder Posture and Shoulder Flexion Range of Motion among Young Saudi Females: A Randomized Comparative Study". Healthcare. 11 (4): 500. doi:10.3390/healthcare11040500. PMC 9956189. PMID 36833034.
Rosa, Dayana P.; Borstad, John D.; Pogetti, Lívia S.; Camargo, Paula R. (January 2017). "Effects of a stretching protocol for the pectoralis minor on muscle length, function, and scapular kinematics in individuals with and without shoulder pain". Journal of Hand Therapy. 30 (1): 20–29. doi:10.1016/j.jht.2016.06.006. PMID 27769843. S2CID 37276267.
Wong, Christopher Kevin; Coleman, Denise; diPersia, Vincent; Song, Judi; Wright, Dennis (October 2010). "The effects of manual treatment on rounded-shoulder posture, and associated muscle strength". Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 14 (4): 326–333. doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2009.05.001. PMID 20850039.
Clare, Helen A; Adams, Roger; Maher, Christopher G (2004). "A systematic review of efficacy of McKenzie therapy for spinal pain". Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 50 (4): 209–216. doi:10.1016/S0004-9514(14)60110-0. PMID 15574109.
Diego, Miguel A.; Field, Tiffany; Hernandez-Reif, Maria; Hart, Sybil; Brucker, Bernard; Field, Tory; Burman, Iris (2002). "Spinal cord patients benefit from massage therapy". International Journal of Neuroscience. 112 (2): 133–142. doi:10.1080/00207450212023. PMID 12325402. S2CID 22210638.
Choi, Jung-Hyun; Jung, Min-Ho; Yoo, Kyung-Tae (2016). "An analysis of the activity and muscle fatigue of the muscles around the neck under the three most frequent postures while using a smartphone". Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 28 (5): 1660–1664. doi:10.1589/jpts.28.1660. PMC 4905932. PMID 27313393.
Griegel-Morris, Patricia; Larson, Keith; Mueller-Klaus, Krissann; Oatis, Carol A (June 1992). "Incidence of Common Postural Abnormalities in the Cervical, Shoulder, and Thoracic Regions and Their Association with Pain in Two Age Groups of Healthy Subjects". Physical Therapy. 72 (6): 425–431. doi:10.1093/ptj/72.6.425. PMID 1589462.
Moore, Michele K. (July 2004). "Upper Crossed Syndrome and Its Relationship to Cervicogenic Headache". Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 27 (6): 414–420. doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2004.05.007. PMID 15319765.
Kapreli, Eleni; Vourazanis, Evangelos; Strimpakos, Nikolaos (January 2008). "Neck pain causes respiratory dysfunction". Medical Hypotheses. 70 (5): 1009–1013. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2007.07.050. PMID 17959320.
Dağ, Figen; Taş, Serkan; Çimen, Özlem Bölgen (May 2022). "Pulmonary Functions in Patients With Chronic Neck Pain: A Case-Control Study". Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 45 (4): 290–297. doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2022.07.002. PMID 36057477. S2CID 251996545.
Hoffman, Pamela K.; Meier, Brian P.; Council, James R. (December 2002). "A Comparison of Chronic Pain Between an Urban and Rural Population". Journal of Community Health Nursing. 19 (4): 213–224. doi:10.1207/S15327655JCHN1904_02. PMID 12494742. S2CID 30148542.
Gaskin, Darrell J.; Richard, Patrick (August 2012). "The Economic Costs of Pain in the United States". The Journal of Pain. 13 (8): 715–724. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2012.03.009. PMID 22607834. S2CID 8727015.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Jung, Sang In; Lee, Na Kyung; Kang, Kyung Woo; Kim, Kyoung; Lee, Do Youn (2016). "The effect of smartphone usage time on posture and respiratory function". Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 28 (1): 186–189. doi:10.1589/jpts.28.186. PMC 4756000. PMID 26957754.
Hadi, Muhammad Abdul; McHugh, Gretl A; Closs, S José (June 2019). "Impact of Chronic Pain on Patients' Quality of Life: A Comparative Mixed-Methods Study". Journal of Patient Experience. 6 (2): 133–141. doi:10.1177/2374373518786013. PMC 6558939. PMID 31218259.
Maciejewska-Skrendo, Agnieszka; Leźnicka, Katarzyna; Leońska-Duniec, Agata; Wilk, Michal; Filip, Aleksandra; Cięszczyk, Paweł; Sawczuk, Marek (31 August 2020). "Genetics of Muscle Stiffness, Muscle Elasticity and Explosive Strength". Journal of Human Kinetics. 74 (1): 143–159. doi:10.2478/hukin-2020-0027. PMC 7706646. PMID 33312283.
O'Dowd, Seán; Curtin, Denis; Waite, Adrian J.; Roberts, Kinley; Pender, Niall; Reid, Valerie; O'Connell, Martin; Williams, Nigel M.; Morris, Huw R.; Traynor, Bryan J.; Lynch, Timothy (July 2012). "C9ORF72 expansion in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia also causes parkinsonism: Letters to the Editor". Movement Disorders. 27 (8): 1072–1074. doi:10.1002/mds.25022. PMC 3516857. PMID 22807188.
Beighton, P (May 1970). "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 29 (3): 332–333. doi:10.1136/ard.29.3.332. PMC 1031273. PMID 5432600.
Hunt, G.J. (May 2007). "Flight and fight: A comparative view of the neurophysiology and genetics of honey bee defensive behavior". Journal of Insect Physiology. 53 (5): 399–410. doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.01.010. PMC 2606975. PMID 17379239.
Jain, Nikhil; Malik, Azeem T.; Phillips, Frank M.; Khan, Safdar N.; Yu, Elizabeth (February 2021). "Degenerative Adult Cervical Kyphosis With Secondary Diagnosis Codes Are Associated With Higher Cost and Complications After Spinal Fusion: A Medicare Database Study". International Journal of Spine Surgery. 15 (1): 26–36. doi:10.14444/8003. PMC 7931719. PMID 33900954.
Lee, Do Youn; Nam, Chan Woo; Sung, Youn Bum; Kim, Kyoung; Lee, Hae Yong (2017). "Changes in rounded shoulder posture and forward head posture according to exercise methods". Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 29 (10): 1824–1827. doi:10.1589/jpts.29.1824. PMC 5684019. PMID 29184298.
Papotto, Brianna M.; Rice, Thomas; Malone, Terry; Butterfield, Timothy; Uhl, Tim L. (1 May 2016). "Reliability of Isometric and Eccentric Isokinetic Shoulder External Rotation". Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 25 (2). doi:10.1123/jsr.2015-0046. PMC 8059135. PMID 26562351.
Merolla, Giovanni; De Santis, Elisa; Campi, Fabrizio; Paladini, Paolo; Porcellini, Giuseppe (June 2010). "Infraspinatus scapular retraction test: a reliable and practical method to assess infraspinatus strength in overhead athletes with scapular dyskinesis". Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. 11 (2): 105–110. doi:10.1007/s10195-010-0095-x. PMC 2896576. PMID 20514507.
Nejati, Parisa; Lotfian, Sara; Moezy, Azar; Moezy, Azar; Nejati, Mina (2014). "The relationship of forward head posture and rounded shoulders with neck pain in Iranian office workers". Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 28: 26. PMC 4154278. PMID 25250268.
Hasan, Shahnaz; Iqbal, Amir; Alghadir, Ahmad H.; Alonazi, Asma; Alyahya, Danah (8 February 2023). "The Combined Effect of the Trapezius Muscle Strengthening and Pectoralis Minor Muscle Stretching on Correcting the Rounded Shoulder Posture and Shoulder Flexion Range of Motion among Young Saudi Females: A Randomized Comparative Study". Healthcare. 11 (4): 500. doi:10.3390/healthcare11040500. PMC 9956189. PMID 36833034.
Choi, Jung-Hyun; Jung, Min-Ho; Yoo, Kyung-Tae (2016). "An analysis of the activity and muscle fatigue of the muscles around the neck under the three most frequent postures while using a smartphone". Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 28 (5): 1660–1664. doi:10.1589/jpts.28.1660. PMC 4905932. PMID 27313393.

northwell.edu

nwh.northwell.edu

Todd, Sarah (7 January 2019). "Mom posture". Northwell Health.

orthoinfo.org

"Kyphosis (Roundback) of the Spine". OrthoInfo. AAOS. Retrieved 2023-04-11.

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Jimenez, Dr Alex (2022-09-17). "Rounded Shoulders Functional Personal Injury Chiropractor". El Paso's Personal Injury Doctors 915-850-0900. Retrieved 2023-03-28.

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Gaignard, Angela S (2019). Myofascial Decompression Therapy with Movement in Middle-Aged Female with Shoulder Pain and Postural Deficits (Thesis).^{[page needed]}

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ua.edu

ir.ua.edu

Santoro, Scott (2022). Understanding the Muscles of the Shoulders, Back, and Core: Injury Prevention for Pianists (Thesis). OCLC 1346857830.^{[page needed]}
Santoro, Scott (2022). Understanding the Muscles of the Shoulders, Back, and Core: Injury Prevention for Pianists (Thesis). OCLC 1346857830.^{[page needed]}

umich.edu

uhs.umich.edu

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unibe.ch

boris.unibe.ch

Aebi, Max (December 2005). "The adult scoliosis". European Spine Journal. 14 (10): 925–948. doi:10.1007/s00586-005-1053-9. PMID 16328223. S2CID 22119278.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Santoro, Scott (2022). Understanding the Muscles of the Shoulders, Back, and Core: Injury Prevention for Pianists (Thesis). OCLC 1346857830.^{[page needed]}
Santoro, Scott (2022). Understanding the Muscles of the Shoulders, Back, and Core: Injury Prevention for Pianists (Thesis). OCLC 1346857830.^{[page needed]}