Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Rouran Khaganate" in English language version.
Yujiulu Mugulu, the grandfather of Yujiulu Shelun, who was the first to unite the various Rouran clans, is believed to have been a slave of the Xianbei, and many Rouran women were taken by Xianbei as wives or concubines. The name Rouran also stems from the derogatory term used by the Xianbei to refer to them, ruanrua or ru, meaning "worms"
他的《番客人朝图》及《职贡图》至今在中国画史上占据重要的位置。
Additionally, the Chinese often sought to translate names into their language, or replaced them with a similarly sounding Chinese word that seemed to fit: for instance, the Rouran were also called Ruanruan, "wriggling worms."
in Mongolia the tribal confederation of the Rouran, whose name derives from that of tribal father Ruru or Ruirui.50 The name Juan Juan was given to them by the Tuoba emperor Taiwudi, a derogatory pun meaning 'wriggling worms'.
According to the Wei dynastic annals, [the Rouran] ruling house descended from an early fourth-century Wei slave.
Soon after his accession Muhan began a campaign of conquest by destroying the remnants of the Juan-juan.
the Róurán Khāqānate, a nomadic confederation that had ruled Mongolia from the mid-fourth until the mid-sixth century and whose rise to power may have initiated the Hunnic migrations of the fourth century.
[Mugulu] had been a slave of the Taɣbač, a sub-division of the Xianbei. His descendants later chose the name Yujiulü 郁久閭 as their family name. Mugulü's son Che-lu-hui 車鹿會 was the first to assemble a lot of other families around him, and in the mid-4th century the tribal federation of the Rouran took shape.
[Mugulu] had been a slave of the Taɣbač, a sub-division of the Xianbei. His descendants later chose the name Yujiulü 郁久閭 as their family name. Mugulü's son Che-lu-hui 車鹿會 was the first to assemble a lot of other families around him, and in the mid-4th century the tribal federation of the Rouran took shape.
蠕蠕，東胡之苗裔也，姓郁久閭氏[Rúrú, offsprings of Dōnghú, surnamed Yùjiŭlǘ]
木骨閭死，子車鹿會雄健，始有部眾，自號柔然[Mugulü died; [his] son Cheluhui, fierce and vigorous, began to gather the tribal multitude, [his/their] self-appellation Rouran]
而役屬於國。後世祖以其無知，狀類於蟲，故改其號為蠕蠕。[...[Y]et [Cheluhui/Rouran] [was/were] vassal(s) of (our) state. Later, (Emperor) Shizu took him/them as ignorant and [his/their] appearance worm-like, so [the Emperor] changed his/their appellation to Ruanruan ~ Ruru.]
Yujiulu Mugulu, the grandfather of Yujiulu Shelun, who was the first to unite the various Rouran clans, is believed to have been a slave of the Xianbei, and many Rouran women were taken by Xianbei as wives or concubines. The name Rouran also stems from the derogatory term used by the Xianbei to refer to them, ruanrua or ru, meaning "worms"
