Route of administration (English Wikipedia)

Goudas, Leonidas C.; Langlade, Agnes; Serrie, Alain; Matson, Wayne; Milbury, Paul; Thurel, Claude; Sandouk, Pierre; Carr, Daniel B. (1999-06-22). "Acute Decreases in Cerebrospinal Fluid Glutathione Levels after Intracerebroventricular Morphine for Cancer Pain". Anesthesia & Analgesia. 89 (5). Anesthesia-analgesia.org: 1209–1215. doi:10.1213/00000539-199911000-00023. Archived from the original on 2006-01-06. Retrieved 2010-08-19.

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"Lungs - Anatomy of the Respiratory System". archive.is. 2020-03-29. Archived from the original on 2020-03-29. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
"Diagram for conducting zone". Archived from the original on 2020-03-29. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
"Diagram for respiratory zone". Archived from the original on 2020-03-29. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
"Diagram for upper respiratory tract". Archived from the original on 2020-03-29. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
"Diagram for lower respiratory tract". Archived from the original on 2020-03-29. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
"Diagram for majour zones of respiratory system". Archived from the original on 2020-03-29. Retrieved 2020-03-29.

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"injection". Cambridge dictionary. Archived from the original on 2017-07-30. Retrieved 2017-07-30.

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"topical". dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 2017-07-30. Retrieved 2017-07-30.

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Lees P, Cunningham FM, Elliott J (2004). "Principles of pharmacodynamics and their applications in veterinary pharmacology". J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. 27 (6): 397–414. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2885.2004.00620.x. PMID 15601436. Archived from the original on 2022-08-18. Retrieved 2023-12-09.
Davis MP, Walsh D, LeGrand SB, Naughton M (2002). "Symptom control in cancer patients: the clinical pharmacology and therapeutic role of suppositories and rectal suspensions". Support Care Cancer. 10 (2): 117–38. doi:10.1007/s00520-001-0311-6. PMID 11862502. S2CID 30569818.
De Boer AG, Moolenaar F, de Leede LG, Breimer DD (1982). "Rectal drug administration: clinical pharmacokinetic considerations". Clin Pharmacokinetics. 7 (4): 285–311. doi:10.2165/00003088-198207040-00002. PMID 6126289. S2CID 41562861.
Van Hoogdalem EJ, de Boer AG, Breimer DD (1991). "Pharmacokinetics of rectal drug administration, Part 1". Clin Pharmacokinet. 21 (1): 11–26. doi:10.2165/00003088-199121010-00002. PMID 1717195. S2CID 35104089.
Van Hoogdalem EJ, de Boer AG, Breimer DD (1991). "Pharmacokinetics of rectal drug administration, Part 2". Clin Pharmacokinet. 21 (2): 110–128. doi:10.2165/00003088-199121020-00003. PMID 1884566. S2CID 11720029.
Moolenaar F, Koning B, Huizinga T (1979). "Biopharmaceutics of rectal administration of drugs in man. Absorption rate and bioavailability of phenobarbital and its sodium salt from rectal dosage forms". International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 4 (2): 99–109. doi:10.1016/0378-5173(79)90057-7.
Graves NM, Holmes GB, Kriel RL, Jones-Saete C, Ong B, Ehresman DJ (1989). "Relative bioavailability of rectally administered phenobarbital sodium parenteral solution". DICP: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 23 (7–8): 565–568. doi:10.1177/1060028089023007-806. PMID 2763578. S2CID 27397387.
Moolenaar S, Bakker S, Visser J, Huizinga T (1980). "Biopharmaceutics of rectal administration of drugs in man IX. Comparative biopharmaceutics of diazepam after single rectal, oral, intramuscular and intravenous administration in man". International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 5 (2): 127–137. doi:10.1016/0378-5173(80)90017-4.
McKeran RO, Firth G, Oliver S, Uttley D, O'Laoire S; Firth, G; Oliver, S; Uttley, D; O'Laoire, S (2010-07-06). "A potential application for the intracerebral injection of drugs entrapped within liposomes in the treatment of human cerebral gliomas". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 48 (12): 1213–1219. doi:10.1136/jnnp.48.12.1213. PMC 1028604. PMID 2418156.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Wright JL, Merchant RE (1994). "Blood–brain barrier changes following intracerebral injection of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor-α in the rat". Journal of Neuro-Oncology. 20 (1): 17–25. doi:10.1007/BF01057957. PMID 7807180. S2CID 12445653.
Goudas, Leonidas C.; Langlade, Agnes; Serrie, Alain; Matson, Wayne; Milbury, Paul; Thurel, Claude; Sandouk, Pierre; Carr, Daniel B. (1999-06-22). "Acute Decreases in Cerebrospinal Fluid Glutathione Levels after Intracerebroventricular Morphine for Cancer Pain". Anesthesia & Analgesia. 89 (5). Anesthesia-analgesia.org: 1209–1215. doi:10.1213/00000539-199911000-00023. Archived from the original on 2006-01-06. Retrieved 2010-08-19.
Mylonaki I, Allémann É, Saucy F, Haefliger J-A, Delie F, Jordan O (2017). "Perivascular medical devices and drug delivery systems: Making the right choices". Biomaterials. 128: 56–68. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.02.028. PMID 28288349. Archived from the original on 2020-04-23. Retrieved 2020-03-23.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Yamamoto, A; Ukai, H; Morishita, M; Katsumi, H (2020). "Approaches to improve intestinal and transmucosal absorption of peptide and protein drugs". Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 211 107537. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107537. PMID 32201316. S2CID 214618193.
Banerjee, Amrita; Ibsen, Kelly; Brown, Tyler; Chen, Renwei; Agatemor, Christian; Mitragotri, Samir (2018-06-20). "Ionic liquids for oral insulin delivery". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (28): 7296–7301. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.7296B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1722338115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6048483. PMID 29941553.
Haddadzadegan, S; Dorkoosh, F; Bernkop-Schnürch, A (2022). "Oral delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins: Technology landscape of lipid-based nanocarriers". Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 182 114097. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2021.114097. PMID 34999121.
Maher, S; Brayden, DJ (2021). "Approaches to improve intestinal and transmucosal absorption of peptide and protein drugs". Pharmacol Ther. 177 113925. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2021.113925. PMID 34418495.
Hebert, Mary F. (2013). "Impact of Pregnancy on Maternal Pharmacokinetics of Medications". Clinical Pharmacology During Pregnancy. Elsevier. pp. 17–39. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386007-1.00003-9. ISBN 978-0-12-386007-1.
Kaminsky, Bonnie M.; Bostwick, Jolene R.; Guthrie, Sally K. (2015-04-23). "Alternate Routes of Administration of Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medications". The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 49 (7). SAGE Publications: 808–817. doi:10.1177/1060028015583893. ISSN 1060-0280. PMID 25907529. S2CID 39802797.
Panzner, Petr; Petráš, Mark; Sýkora, Tomáš; Lesná, Ivana Králová; Liška, Martin (2011). "Both sublingual and supralingual routes of administration are effective in long-term allergen-specific immunotherapy". Allergy and Asthma Proceedings. 32 (2): 142–150. doi:10.2500/aap.2011.32.3423. ISSN 1539-6304. PMID 21439167.
Loprete, Luca; Leuratti, Chiara; Frangione, Valeria; Radicioni, Milko (2018). "Pharmacokinetics of a Novel Sildenafil Orodispersible Film Administered by the Supralingual and the Sublingual Route to Healthy Men" (PDF). Clinical Drug Investigation. 38 (8): 765–772. doi:10.1007/s40261-018-0665-x. ISSN 1173-2563. PMC 6061399. PMID 29909432. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
Bartlett, Jeremy A.; van der Voort Maarschalk, Kees (2012). "Understanding the oral mucosal absorption and resulting clinical pharmacokinetics of asenapine". AAPS PharmSciTech. 13 (4): 1110–1115. doi:10.1208/s12249-012-9839-7. ISSN 1530-9932. PMC 3513449. PMID 22936407. Oral mucosal (e.g. sub- or supralingual or buccal) administration of drugs is often the route of administration of choice when the drug shows a large first-pass effect after oral delivery.
Rodrigues, Francisca; Oliveira, Maria Beatriz P.P. (2016). "Cell-based in vitro models for dermal permeability studies". Concepts and Models for Drug Permeability Studies. Elsevier. pp. 155–167. doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100094-6.00010-9. ISBN 978-0-08-100094-6.
Ali, Mohammed (2010). "Pulmonary Drug Delivery". Handbook of Non-Invasive Drug Delivery Systems. Elsevier. pp. 209–246. doi:10.1016/b978-0-8155-2025-2.10009-5. ISBN 978-0-8155-2025-2.
Tandel, Hemal; Florence, Kiruba; Misra, Ambikanandan (2011). "Protein and Peptide Delivery through Respiratory Pathway". Challenges in Delivery of Therapeutic Genomics and Proteomics. Elsevier. pp. 429–479. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384964-9.00009-8. ISBN 978-0-12-384964-9.
Bustamante-Marin, Ximena M.; Ostrowski, Lawrence E. (April 18, 2017). "Cilia and Mucociliary Clearance". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 9 (4) a028241. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a028241. PMC 5378048. PMID 27864314.

drugs.com (Global: 399^th place; English: 333^rd place)

"Vancocin". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on September 6, 2015. Retrieved Sep 4, 2015.

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"Major Zones & Divisions". GetBodySmart. 2017-10-30. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
"Diagram for conducting zone". Archived from the original on 2020-03-29. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
"Diagram for respiratory zone". Archived from the original on 2020-03-29. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
"Diagram for upper respiratory tract". Archived from the original on 2020-03-29. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
"Diagram for lower respiratory tract". Archived from the original on 2020-03-29. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
"Diagram for majour zones of respiratory system". Archived from the original on 2020-03-29. Retrieved 2020-03-29.

gov.mb.ca (Global: 8,104^th place; English: 4,664^th place)

"Routes for Drug Administration" (PDF). Emergency Treatment Guidelines Appendix. Manitoba Health. 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 1, 2013. Retrieved April 2, 2013.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Banerjee, Amrita; Ibsen, Kelly; Brown, Tyler; Chen, Renwei; Agatemor, Christian; Mitragotri, Samir (2018-06-20). "Ionic liquids for oral insulin delivery". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (28): 7296–7301. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.7296B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1722338115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6048483. PMID 29941553.

ismp.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"List of Error-Prone Abbreviations" (PDF). Institute For Safe Medication Practices. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 February 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2018.

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eperc.mcw.edu

"Use of Rectal Meds for Palliative Care Patients. End of Life / Palliative Education Resource Center, Medical College of Wisconsin". mcw.edu. Archived from the original on 2 June 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2018.

merriam-webster.com (Global: 209^th place; English: 191^st place)

"topical". Merriam-Webster dictionary. Archived from the original on 2017-07-30. Retrieved 2017-07-30.

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LE.JENNIFER (2020-03-27). "Drug Absorption - Clinical Pharmacology". MSD Manual Professional Edition. Archived from the original on 2019-10-31. Retrieved 2020-03-28.

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"MDMA (ecstasy) metabolites and neurotoxicity: No occurrence of MDMA neurotoxicity from metabolites when injected directly into brain, study shows". Neurotransmitter.net. Archived from the original on 2010-08-07. Retrieved 2010-08-19.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Lees P, Cunningham FM, Elliott J (2004). "Principles of pharmacodynamics and their applications in veterinary pharmacology". J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. 27 (6): 397–414. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2885.2004.00620.x. PMID 15601436. Archived from the original on 2022-08-18. Retrieved 2023-12-09.
Davis MP, Walsh D, LeGrand SB, Naughton M (2002). "Symptom control in cancer patients: the clinical pharmacology and therapeutic role of suppositories and rectal suspensions". Support Care Cancer. 10 (2): 117–38. doi:10.1007/s00520-001-0311-6. PMID 11862502. S2CID 30569818.
De Boer AG, Moolenaar F, de Leede LG, Breimer DD (1982). "Rectal drug administration: clinical pharmacokinetic considerations". Clin Pharmacokinetics. 7 (4): 285–311. doi:10.2165/00003088-198207040-00002. PMID 6126289. S2CID 41562861.
Van Hoogdalem EJ, de Boer AG, Breimer DD (1991). "Pharmacokinetics of rectal drug administration, Part 1". Clin Pharmacokinet. 21 (1): 11–26. doi:10.2165/00003088-199121010-00002. PMID 1717195. S2CID 35104089.
Van Hoogdalem EJ, de Boer AG, Breimer DD (1991). "Pharmacokinetics of rectal drug administration, Part 2". Clin Pharmacokinet. 21 (2): 110–128. doi:10.2165/00003088-199121020-00003. PMID 1884566. S2CID 11720029.
Graves NM, Holmes GB, Kriel RL, Jones-Saete C, Ong B, Ehresman DJ (1989). "Relative bioavailability of rectally administered phenobarbital sodium parenteral solution". DICP: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 23 (7–8): 565–568. doi:10.1177/1060028089023007-806. PMID 2763578. S2CID 27397387.
McKeran RO, Firth G, Oliver S, Uttley D, O'Laoire S; Firth, G; Oliver, S; Uttley, D; O'Laoire, S (2010-07-06). "A potential application for the intracerebral injection of drugs entrapped within liposomes in the treatment of human cerebral gliomas". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 48 (12): 1213–1219. doi:10.1136/jnnp.48.12.1213. PMC 1028604. PMID 2418156.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Wright JL, Merchant RE (1994). "Blood–brain barrier changes following intracerebral injection of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor-α in the rat". Journal of Neuro-Oncology. 20 (1): 17–25. doi:10.1007/BF01057957. PMID 7807180. S2CID 12445653.
Mylonaki I, Allémann É, Saucy F, Haefliger J-A, Delie F, Jordan O (2017). "Perivascular medical devices and drug delivery systems: Making the right choices". Biomaterials. 128: 56–68. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.02.028. PMID 28288349. Archived from the original on 2020-04-23. Retrieved 2020-03-23.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Yamamoto, A; Ukai, H; Morishita, M; Katsumi, H (2020). "Approaches to improve intestinal and transmucosal absorption of peptide and protein drugs". Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 211 107537. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107537. PMID 32201316. S2CID 214618193.
Banerjee, Amrita; Ibsen, Kelly; Brown, Tyler; Chen, Renwei; Agatemor, Christian; Mitragotri, Samir (2018-06-20). "Ionic liquids for oral insulin delivery". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (28): 7296–7301. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.7296B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1722338115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6048483. PMID 29941553.
Haddadzadegan, S; Dorkoosh, F; Bernkop-Schnürch, A (2022). "Oral delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins: Technology landscape of lipid-based nanocarriers". Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 182 114097. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2021.114097. PMID 34999121.
Maher, S; Brayden, DJ (2021). "Approaches to improve intestinal and transmucosal absorption of peptide and protein drugs". Pharmacol Ther. 177 113925. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2021.113925. PMID 34418495.
Kaminsky, Bonnie M.; Bostwick, Jolene R.; Guthrie, Sally K. (2015-04-23). "Alternate Routes of Administration of Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medications". The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 49 (7). SAGE Publications: 808–817. doi:10.1177/1060028015583893. ISSN 1060-0280. PMID 25907529. S2CID 39802797.
Panzner, Petr; Petráš, Mark; Sýkora, Tomáš; Lesná, Ivana Králová; Liška, Martin (2011). "Both sublingual and supralingual routes of administration are effective in long-term allergen-specific immunotherapy". Allergy and Asthma Proceedings. 32 (2): 142–150. doi:10.2500/aap.2011.32.3423. ISSN 1539-6304. PMID 21439167.
Loprete, Luca; Leuratti, Chiara; Frangione, Valeria; Radicioni, Milko (2018). "Pharmacokinetics of a Novel Sildenafil Orodispersible Film Administered by the Supralingual and the Sublingual Route to Healthy Men" (PDF). Clinical Drug Investigation. 38 (8): 765–772. doi:10.1007/s40261-018-0665-x. ISSN 1173-2563. PMC 6061399. PMID 29909432. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
Bartlett, Jeremy A.; van der Voort Maarschalk, Kees (2012). "Understanding the oral mucosal absorption and resulting clinical pharmacokinetics of asenapine". AAPS PharmSciTech. 13 (4): 1110–1115. doi:10.1208/s12249-012-9839-7. ISSN 1530-9932. PMC 3513449. PMID 22936407. Oral mucosal (e.g. sub- or supralingual or buccal) administration of drugs is often the route of administration of choice when the drug shows a large first-pass effect after oral delivery.
Bustamante-Marin, Ximena M.; Ostrowski, Lawrence E. (April 18, 2017). "Cilia and Mucociliary Clearance". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 9 (4) a028241. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a028241. PMC 5378048. PMID 27864314.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

McKeran RO, Firth G, Oliver S, Uttley D, O'Laoire S; Firth, G; Oliver, S; Uttley, D; O'Laoire, S (2010-07-06). "A potential application for the intracerebral injection of drugs entrapped within liposomes in the treatment of human cerebral gliomas". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 48 (12): 1213–1219. doi:10.1136/jnnp.48.12.1213. PMC 1028604. PMID 2418156.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Banerjee, Amrita; Ibsen, Kelly; Brown, Tyler; Chen, Renwei; Agatemor, Christian; Mitragotri, Samir (2018-06-20). "Ionic liquids for oral insulin delivery". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (28): 7296–7301. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.7296B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1722338115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6048483. PMID 29941553.
Loprete, Luca; Leuratti, Chiara; Frangione, Valeria; Radicioni, Milko (2018). "Pharmacokinetics of a Novel Sildenafil Orodispersible Film Administered by the Supralingual and the Sublingual Route to Healthy Men" (PDF). Clinical Drug Investigation. 38 (8): 765–772. doi:10.1007/s40261-018-0665-x. ISSN 1173-2563. PMC 6061399. PMID 29909432. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
Bartlett, Jeremy A.; van der Voort Maarschalk, Kees (2012). "Understanding the oral mucosal absorption and resulting clinical pharmacokinetics of asenapine". AAPS PharmSciTech. 13 (4): 1110–1115. doi:10.1208/s12249-012-9839-7. ISSN 1530-9932. PMC 3513449. PMID 22936407. Oral mucosal (e.g. sub- or supralingual or buccal) administration of drugs is often the route of administration of choice when the drug shows a large first-pass effect after oral delivery.
Bustamante-Marin, Ximena M.; Ostrowski, Lawrence E. (April 18, 2017). "Cilia and Mucociliary Clearance". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 9 (4) a028241. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a028241. PMC 5378048. PMID 27864314.

nursingtimes.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Administration of Medicines". Nursing Practice Clinical Zones: Prescribing. NursingTimes.net. 2007. Archived from the original on January 2, 2020. Retrieved April 2, 2013.

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hpna.org.

[1] Archived 2013-01-26 at the Wayback Machine Nee, Douglas, Pharm D, MS. "Rectal Administration of Medications at the End of Life". HPNA Teleconference, December 6, 2006, accessed November 2013.

rvc.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: 8,474^th place)

researchonline.rvc.ac.uk

Lees P, Cunningham FM, Elliott J (2004). "Principles of pharmacodynamics and their applications in veterinary pharmacology". J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. 27 (6): 397–414. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2885.2004.00620.x. PMID 15601436. Archived from the original on 2022-08-18. Retrieved 2023-12-09.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Davis MP, Walsh D, LeGrand SB, Naughton M (2002). "Symptom control in cancer patients: the clinical pharmacology and therapeutic role of suppositories and rectal suspensions". Support Care Cancer. 10 (2): 117–38. doi:10.1007/s00520-001-0311-6. PMID 11862502. S2CID 30569818.
De Boer AG, Moolenaar F, de Leede LG, Breimer DD (1982). "Rectal drug administration: clinical pharmacokinetic considerations". Clin Pharmacokinetics. 7 (4): 285–311. doi:10.2165/00003088-198207040-00002. PMID 6126289. S2CID 41562861.
Van Hoogdalem EJ, de Boer AG, Breimer DD (1991). "Pharmacokinetics of rectal drug administration, Part 1". Clin Pharmacokinet. 21 (1): 11–26. doi:10.2165/00003088-199121010-00002. PMID 1717195. S2CID 35104089.
Van Hoogdalem EJ, de Boer AG, Breimer DD (1991). "Pharmacokinetics of rectal drug administration, Part 2". Clin Pharmacokinet. 21 (2): 110–128. doi:10.2165/00003088-199121020-00003. PMID 1884566. S2CID 11720029.
Graves NM, Holmes GB, Kriel RL, Jones-Saete C, Ong B, Ehresman DJ (1989). "Relative bioavailability of rectally administered phenobarbital sodium parenteral solution". DICP: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 23 (7–8): 565–568. doi:10.1177/1060028089023007-806. PMID 2763578. S2CID 27397387.
Wright JL, Merchant RE (1994). "Blood–brain barrier changes following intracerebral injection of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor-α in the rat". Journal of Neuro-Oncology. 20 (1): 17–25. doi:10.1007/BF01057957. PMID 7807180. S2CID 12445653.
Yamamoto, A; Ukai, H; Morishita, M; Katsumi, H (2020). "Approaches to improve intestinal and transmucosal absorption of peptide and protein drugs". Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 211 107537. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107537. PMID 32201316. S2CID 214618193.
Kaminsky, Bonnie M.; Bostwick, Jolene R.; Guthrie, Sally K. (2015-04-23). "Alternate Routes of Administration of Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medications". The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 49 (7). SAGE Publications: 808–817. doi:10.1177/1060028015583893. ISSN 1060-0280. PMID 25907529. S2CID 39802797.

springer.com (Global: 274^th place; English: 309^th place)

link.springer.com

Loprete, Luca; Leuratti, Chiara; Frangione, Valeria; Radicioni, Milko (2018). "Pharmacokinetics of a Novel Sildenafil Orodispersible Film Administered by the Supralingual and the Sublingual Route to Healthy Men" (PDF). Clinical Drug Investigation. 38 (8): 765–772. doi:10.1007/s40261-018-0665-x. ISSN 1173-2563. PMC 6061399. PMID 29909432. Retrieved 2025-06-20.

state.ok.us (Global: low place; English: low place)

oar.state.ok.us

"Oklahoma Administrative Code and Register > 195:20-1-3.1. Pediatric conscious sedation utilizing enteral methods (oral, rectal, sublingual)". Archived from the original on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2009-01-18.

thefreedictionary.com (Global: 614^th place; English: 572^nd place)

medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com

TheFreeDictionary.com > route of administration Archived 2011-06-12 at the Wayback Machine Citing: Jonas: Mosby's Dictionary of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2005, Elsevier.

thefreedictionary.com

thefreedictionary.com > topical Archived 2010-12-05 at the Wayback Machine Citing: The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, 2000

unige.ch (Global: 6,897^th place; English: 6,705^th place)

archive-ouverte.unige.ch

Mylonaki I, Allémann É, Saucy F, Haefliger J-A, Delie F, Jordan O (2017). "Perivascular medical devices and drug delivery systems: Making the right choices". Biomaterials. 128: 56–68. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.02.028. PMID 28288349. Archived from the original on 2020-04-23. Retrieved 2020-03-23.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

TheFreeDictionary.com > route of administration Archived 2011-06-12 at the Wayback Machine Citing: Jonas: Mosby's Dictionary of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2005, Elsevier.
Lees P, Cunningham FM, Elliott J (2004). "Principles of pharmacodynamics and their applications in veterinary pharmacology". J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. 27 (6): 397–414. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2885.2004.00620.x. PMID 15601436. Archived from the original on 2022-08-18. Retrieved 2023-12-09.
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"Oklahoma Administrative Code and Register > 195:20-1-3.1. Pediatric conscious sedation utilizing enteral methods (oral, rectal, sublingual)". Archived from the original on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2009-01-18.
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Banerjee, Amrita; Ibsen, Kelly; Brown, Tyler; Chen, Renwei; Agatemor, Christian; Mitragotri, Samir (2018-06-20). "Ionic liquids for oral insulin delivery". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (28): 7296–7301. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.7296B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1722338115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6048483. PMID 29941553.
Kaminsky, Bonnie M.; Bostwick, Jolene R.; Guthrie, Sally K. (2015-04-23). "Alternate Routes of Administration of Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medications". The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 49 (7). SAGE Publications: 808–817. doi:10.1177/1060028015583893. ISSN 1060-0280. PMID 25907529. S2CID 39802797.
Panzner, Petr; Petráš, Mark; Sýkora, Tomáš; Lesná, Ivana Králová; Liška, Martin (2011). "Both sublingual and supralingual routes of administration are effective in long-term allergen-specific immunotherapy". Allergy and Asthma Proceedings. 32 (2): 142–150. doi:10.2500/aap.2011.32.3423. ISSN 1539-6304. PMID 21439167.
Loprete, Luca; Leuratti, Chiara; Frangione, Valeria; Radicioni, Milko (2018). "Pharmacokinetics of a Novel Sildenafil Orodispersible Film Administered by the Supralingual and the Sublingual Route to Healthy Men" (PDF). Clinical Drug Investigation. 38 (8): 765–772. doi:10.1007/s40261-018-0665-x. ISSN 1173-2563. PMC 6061399. PMID 29909432. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
Bartlett, Jeremy A.; van der Voort Maarschalk, Kees (2012). "Understanding the oral mucosal absorption and resulting clinical pharmacokinetics of asenapine". AAPS PharmSciTech. 13 (4): 1110–1115. doi:10.1208/s12249-012-9839-7. ISSN 1530-9932. PMC 3513449. PMID 22936407. Oral mucosal (e.g. sub- or supralingual or buccal) administration of drugs is often the route of administration of choice when the drug shows a large first-pass effect after oral delivery.

Route of administration (English Wikipedia)

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