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Ostrowski 2018, p. 310. Ostrowski, Donald (2018). "The Return of the Rhos". Canadian-American Slavic Studie. 52 (2–3): 290–311. doi:10.1163/22102396-05202009. S2CID 195449155. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
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Franklin 1991, p. xvii. Franklin, Simon (1991). "Ilarion's "Sermon on Law and Grace"". Sermons and Rhetoric of Kievan Rus' (PDF). University of Toronto (SLA 218 Ukrainian Literature and Culture). p. 30. Retrieved 23 February 2023.

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"Introduction to the full text in original, and in modern Russian translation". Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) (in Russian). Archived from the original on 26 May 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
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Galkina, E. S. (Elena Sergeevna) (2012). Русскиĭ каганат : без кхазар и норманнов [Russian Khaganate: without the Khazars and the Normans]. Moscow. ISBN 9785443801643. OCLC 826862812.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

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"Kievan Rus". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19 February 2023. (...) the Rus, a Scandinavian people. (...) The annals claim they were Swedes, and this is possible, but their ethnicity has never been firmly established.

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Sedov, Valentin Vasilyevich, Russian kaganat IX century // Otechestvennaya istoriya. - № 4. - 1998. - P.3-15.

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