Downs, Jacques M (1968). "American Merchants and the China Opium Trade, 1800–1840". Business History Review. 42 (4): 418–442. doi:10.2307/3112527. JSTOR3112527. S2CID153582226.
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Abe, K, 2016,, ‘The Anglo-Chinese propaganda battles: British, Qing and Cantonese intellectuals and the first opium war in Canton’, Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, vol. 56, pp. 172–193, https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.427345640032414.
Downs, Jacques M (1968). "American Merchants and the China Opium Trade, 1800–1840". Business History Review. 42 (4): 418–442. doi:10.2307/3112527. JSTOR3112527. S2CID153582226.
Downs, Jacques M (1968). "American Merchants and the China Opium Trade, 1800–1840". Business History Review. 42 (4): 418–442. doi:10.2307/3112527. JSTOR3112527. S2CID153582226.