Russia and weapons of mass destruction (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Russia and weapons of mass destruction" in English language version.

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10web.archive.org

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1tv.ru

"Выпуск программы «Время» в 21:00, 2 мая 2023 года". May 2, 2023.

9news.com.au

"West slams Putin 'dangerous rhetoric' after Russian leader puts nuclear forces on alert". 9News. Associated Press. February 28, 2022.

aljazeera.com

"Putin outlines new rules for Russian use of vast nuclear arsenal". Al Jazeera. September 26, 2024.
"Putin lowers bar for nuclear strike amid Ukraine attacks: Why it matters". Al Jazeera. September 26, 2024.

apnews.com

"Putin signs Russia's nuclear deterrent policy". Associated Press. April 21, 2021.

armscontrol.org

"Nuclear Weapons: Who Has What at a Glance". Armscontrol.org.
"Syria, Russia, and the Global Chemical Weapons Crisis". Arms Control Association. Retrieved March 1, 2022.
"New START at a Glance". Arms Control Association. Retrieved March 1, 2022.
"Russian Officials Deny Claims Of Missing Nuclear Weapons". Retrieved October 24, 2014.

armyrecognition.com

"Army 2019: Russian army discloses RS-28 Sarmat ICBM characteristics". Army Recognition. July 2, 2019.

bbc.com

"Russia reveals nuclear torpedo plan". BBC News. November 12, 2015.
"Russia has 'invincible' nuclear weapons". BBC News. March 1, 2018.
"Inspectors back UK in spy poisoning row". BBC News. April 12, 2018.
Murphy, Matt (May 2, 2024). "Russia using chemical choking agents in Ukraine, US says". BBC News. Retrieved May 14, 2024.

bellingcat.com

"FSB Team of Chemical Weapon Experts Implicated in Alexey Navalny Novichok Poisoning". Bellingcat Investigations. December 14, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2020.

bellona.org

Radiological Terrorism: 'Soft Killers' by Morten Bremer Mærli, Bellona Foundation

bloomberg.com

"Putin Says Russia to Place Tactical Nuclear Arms in Belarus". Bloomberg News. March 25, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.

books.google.com

Cirincione, Joseph (October 22, 2013). Nuclear Nightmares: Securing the World Before It Is Too Late. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-231-16404-7. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
- Committee on International Security and Arms Control (January 15, 1994), Management and Disposition of Excess Weapons Plutonium, Washington, DC: National Academies Press, ISBN 978-0-309-05042-5, retrieved December 14, 2023, ... Victor Mikhailov, head of the Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy (MINATOM), reportedly indicated that the Russian ... Mikhailov's figures are ...
brookings.edu
- Pifer, Steven (November 18, 2015). "Russia's perhaps-not-real super torpedo". Brookings Institution. Retrieved July 5, 2019.
businessinsider.com
- Lockie, Alex (December 24, 2016). "Trump questions the US's nuclear arsenal: Here's how the US's nukes compare to Russia's". Business Insider. Archived from the original on September 4, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
- Shoaib, Alia (December 24, 2023). "A Russian brigade admits dropping tear gas on Ukrainian troops, which would violate the UN Chemical Weapons Convention". Business Insider.
cbc.ca
- "122 countries adopt 'historic' UN treaty to ban nuclear weapons". CBC News. July 7, 2017.
- "Putin implies nuclear attack if West interferes in Ukraine. Why it's not just an empty threat". CBC News. February 25, 2022.
cbsnews.com
- "World Nuclear war between the U.S. and Russia would kill more than 5 billion people – just from starvation, study finds". CBS News. August 16, 2022.
cnn.com
edition.cnn.com
- "Putin pulls back from last remaining nuclear arms control pact with the US". CNN. February 21, 2023.
- Lister, Tim; Ward, Clarissa; Shukla, Sebastian (December 21, 2020). "Russian opposition leader Alexey Navalny dupes spy into revealing how he was poisoned". CNN.com. Retrieved December 22, 2020.
doi.org
- Kristensen, Hans M.; Norris, Robert S. (2006). "Global nuclear stockpiles, 1945–2006". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Vol. 62, no. 4. pp. 64–66. Bibcode:2006BuAtS..62d..64N. doi:10.2968/062004017. S2CID 145147992.
- "Beyond the Dirty Bomb: Re-thinking Radiological Terror", by James M. Acton; M. Brooke Rogers; Peter D. Zimmerman, doi:10.1080/00396330701564760, Survival, Volume 49, Issue 3 September 2007, pp. 151 – 168
- Xia, Lili; Robock, Alan; Scherrer, Kim; Harrison, Cheryl S.; Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon; Weindl, Isabelle; Jägermeyr, Jonas; Bardeen, Charles G.; Toon, Owen B.; Heneghan, Ryan (August 15, 2022). "Global food insecurity and famine from reduced crop, marine fishery and livestock production due to climate disruption from nuclear war soot injection". Nature Food. 3 (8): 586–596. doi:10.1038/s43016-022-00573-0. hdl:11250/3039288. PMID 37118594. S2CID 251601831.
- Bozheyeva, Gulbarshyn (Summer 2000). "The Pavlodar Chemical Weapons Plant in Kazakhstan: History and Legacy". The Nonproliferation Review. 7 (2): 136–145. doi:10.1080/10736700008436816. ISSN 1073-6700. Retrieved November 30, 2024. PDF file link
- Schwenk M (September 2018). "Chemical warfare agents. Classes and targets". Toxicol Lett. 293: 253–263. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.040. PMID 29197625.
dw.com
- "The curious case of Yulia Skripal's recorded phone call". Deutsche Welle. April 6, 2018.
euractiv.com
- "Putin's nuclear red line: Does he actually mean it?". Euractiv. September 27, 2024.
fas.org
- "Status of World Nuclear Forces". Federation Of American Scientists FAS.
forbes.com
- Hambling, David (December 29, 2023). "What We Know About Russian Chemical Weapon Attacks". Forbes. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
france24.com
- "Putin's nuclear threats: empty rhetoric or a shift in battlefield strategy?". France 24. September 27, 2024.
ft.com
- "Leaked Russian military files reveal criteria for nuclear strike". Financial Times. February 27, 2024.
- Seddon, Max; Chris, Cook (August 12, 2024). "Russian navy trained to target sites inside Europe with nuclear-capable missiles". Financial Times. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
globalsecurity.org
- "SS-30 ?? / R-X-? Sarmat New Heavy ICBM". globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on February 5, 2020. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
- John Pike. "Status-6 Ocean Multipurpose System".
go.com
abcnews.go.com
- "Putin boasts of new Russian nuclear weapons". ABC News (US). Archived from the original on March 1, 2018. Retrieved January 15, 2022.
- "Putin prepping 'prolonged conflict' beyond Donbas, could escalate nuclear threats: Top US intel official". ABC News. May 10, 2022.
handle.net
hdl.handle.net
- Xia, Lili; Robock, Alan; Scherrer, Kim; Harrison, Cheryl S.; Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon; Weindl, Isabelle; Jägermeyr, Jonas; Bardeen, Charles G.; Toon, Owen B.; Heneghan, Ryan (August 15, 2022). "Global food insecurity and famine from reduced crop, marine fishery and livestock production due to climate disruption from nuclear war soot injection". Nature Food. 3 (8): 586–596. doi:10.1038/s43016-022-00573-0. hdl:11250/3039288. PMID 37118594. S2CID 251601831.
harvard.edu
ui.adsabs.harvard.edu
- Kristensen, Hans M.; Norris, Robert S. (2006). "Global nuclear stockpiles, 1945–2006". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Vol. 62, no. 4. pp. 64–66. Bibcode:2006BuAtS..62d..64N. doi:10.2968/062004017. S2CID 145147992.
belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu
- "Nuclear Dangers: Fear Increases of Terrorists Getting Hands on 'Loose' Warheads as Security Slips". October 19, 1997. Archived from the original on December 30, 2013. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
jalopnik.com
foxtrotalpha.jalopnik.com
- Why A Russian Super-Radioactive Atomic Torpedo Isn't The News You Think It Is [1]
jstor.org
- Leitenberg, M., Zilinskas, R., & Kuhn, J. (2012). "Conclusion". In The Soviet Biological Weapons Program (pp. 698–712). Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England: Harvard University Press. Retrieved February 7, 2021, from JSTOR j.ctt2jbscf.30
- Leitenberg, M., Zilinskas, R., & Kuhn, J. (2012). Beginnings of the “Modern” Soviet BW program, 1970–1977. In The Soviet Biological Weapons Program (pp. 51–78). Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England: Harvard University Press. Retrieved February 7, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt2jbscf.7
kremlin.ru
- Russian military doctrine (in Russian)
kyivindependent.com
- "FT: Leaked files reveal Russian military's criteria for nuclear strike". The Kyiv Independent. February 28, 2024.
kyivpost.com
archive.kyivpost.com
- Shepeleva, Anastasia (August 28, 2019). "Guardian: Russia pushing 'unsuitable' nuclear power in Africa". Kyiv Post. Retrieved November 30, 2024.
militaryrussia.ru
- "MilitaryRussia.Ru — отечественная военная техника (после 1945г.) | Статьи". militaryrussia.ru.
nationalinterest.org
- Majumdar, Dave (March 1, 2018). "Russia's Nuclear Weapons Buildup Is Aimed at Beating U.S. Missile Defenses". The National Interest. USA. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
- Hurlbert, Heather (October 26, 2018). "Russia Violated an Arms Treaty. Trump Ditched It, Making the Nuclear Threat Even Worse". New York Magazine. USA. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
nationalreview.com
article.nationalreview.com
- Tyrants and the Bomb Archived June 6, 2009, at the Wayback Machine – by Ion Mihai Pacepa, National Review, October 17, 2006
newsru.com
- Минобороны рассказало о тяжелой баллистической ракете – неуязвимом для ПРО ответе США [The Ministry of Defense spoke about a heavy ballistic missile – an invulnerable response to the US missile defense]. NewsRu. May 31, 2014.
newyorker.com
- Gessen, Masha (October 19, 2018). "Putin Lied About His Nuclear Doctrine and Promised Russians That They Would Go to Heaven". The New Yorker.
nhk.or.jp
www3.nhk.or.jp
- "Putin defends Ukraine invasion, warns West in address". NHK World. February 21, 2023. Archived from the original on February 21, 2023.
nih.gov
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Xia, Lili; Robock, Alan; Scherrer, Kim; Harrison, Cheryl S.; Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon; Weindl, Isabelle; Jägermeyr, Jonas; Bardeen, Charles G.; Toon, Owen B.; Heneghan, Ryan (August 15, 2022). "Global food insecurity and famine from reduced crop, marine fishery and livestock production due to climate disruption from nuclear war soot injection". Nature Food. 3 (8): 586–596. doi:10.1038/s43016-022-00573-0. hdl:11250/3039288. PMID 37118594. S2CID 251601831.
- Schwenk M (September 2018). "Chemical warfare agents. Classes and targets". Toxicol Lett. 293: 253–263. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.040. PMID 29197625.
nonproliferation.org
- Bozheyeva, Gulbarshyn (Summer 2000). "The Pavlodar Chemical Weapons Plant in Kazakhstan: History and Legacy". The Nonproliferation Review. 7 (2): 136–145. doi:10.1080/10736700008436816. ISSN 1073-6700. Retrieved November 30, 2024. PDF file link
nti.org
- "Russia profile". Nuclear Threat Initiative – NTI.org. 2009. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
- "START I". Nuclear Threat Initiative. Retrieved March 1, 2022.
- "START II". Nuclear Threat Initiative. Retrieved March 1, 2022.
- "SORT". Nuclear Threat Initiative. Retrieved March 1, 2022.
- "Kazakhstan – Chemical". Nuclear Threat Initiative. April 2015. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
nuclearweaponarchive.org
- Sublette, Carey (December 12, 1997). "The Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program". nuclearweaponarchive.org. nuclearweaponarchives. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
nytimes.com
- Kramer, Andrew E. (May 12, 2016). "Russia Calls New U.S. Missile Defense System a 'Direct Threat'". The New York Times.
opcw.org
- "Opening Statement by the Director-General to the Conference of the States Parties at its Sixteenth Session". OPCW. November 28, 2011. Retrieved May 1, 2012.
- "Recent Updates". Archived from the original on April 6, 2004.
- "Global Campaign to Destroy Chemical Weapons Passes 60 Percent Mark" Archived July 11, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. OPCW. July 8, 2010. Retrieved August 19, 2010.
- "New Chemical Weapons Destruction Facility Opens at Kizner in the Russian Federation". OPCW.
- "OPCW Director-General Commends Major Milestone as Russia Completes Destruction of Chemical Weapons Stockpile under OPCW Verification". OPCW.
- "UK Delegation to the OPCW" (PDF).
popularmechanics.com
- "Pentagon Confirms Russia's Thermonuclear Submarine Bomb Is Real". December 8, 2016.
pravda.ru
military.pravda.ru
- Novikova, Inna (March 29, 2004). "Куда исчезли 'ядерные чемоданчики'?". Pravda (in Russian).
rbc.ru
- "Путин поучаствовал в уничтожении последнего в России килограмма химоружия". РБК. September 27, 2017. Retrieved January 15, 2018.
reuters.com
- Andrew Osborn (November 2, 2023). "Putin withdraws Russia's ratification of global nuclear test ban treaty". Reuters.
- "Russia plans new ICBM to replace Cold War 'Satan' missile". Reuters World. Reuters. December 17, 2013. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
- "Belarus starts taking delivery of Russian nuclear weapons". Reuters. June 14, 2023. Retrieved June 28, 2023.
- "Chemical weapons body confirms nerve agent Novichok in Navalny's blood". reuters.com. October 6, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2020.
rferl.org
- "The Unthinkable: What Nuclear War In Europe Would Look Like". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. September 27, 2024.
- Krutov, Mark; Dobrynin, Sergei (December 17, 2024). "Inside A Secret, Expanding Russian Lab Site With A Bioweapons Legacy". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved December 17, 2024.
rg.ru
- Новую тяжелую ракету "Сармат" будут делать в Красноярске Rossiyskaya Gazeta, 2 Feb 2015.
sagepub.com
journals.sagepub.com
- Kristensen, Hans M.; Norris, Robert S. (2006). "Global nuclear stockpiles, 1945–2006". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Vol. 62, no. 4. pp. 64–66. Bibcode:2006BuAtS..62d..64N. doi:10.2968/062004017. S2CID 145147992.
semanticscholar.org
api.semanticscholar.org
- Kristensen, Hans M.; Norris, Robert S. (2006). "Global nuclear stockpiles, 1945–2006". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Vol. 62, no. 4. pp. 64–66. Bibcode:2006BuAtS..62d..64N. doi:10.2968/062004017. S2CID 145147992.
- Xia, Lili; Robock, Alan; Scherrer, Kim; Harrison, Cheryl S.; Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon; Weindl, Isabelle; Jägermeyr, Jonas; Bardeen, Charles G.; Toon, Owen B.; Heneghan, Ryan (August 15, 2022). "Global food insecurity and famine from reduced crop, marine fishery and livestock production due to climate disruption from nuclear war soot injection". Nature Food. 3 (8): 586–596. doi:10.1038/s43016-022-00573-0. hdl:11250/3039288. PMID 37118594. S2CID 251601831.
state.gov
- "2024 Arms Control Treaty Compliance Report" (PDF). U.S. Department of State. April 2024. Retrieved November 1, 2024.
svidomi.in.ua
- Kondrat, Anastasiia (December 27, 2023). "Russia has launched 465 chemical attacks since the start of the full-scale invasion". Svidomi. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
tandfonline.com
- Bozheyeva, Gulbarshyn (Summer 2000). "The Pavlodar Chemical Weapons Plant in Kazakhstan: History and Legacy". The Nonproliferation Review. 7 (2): 136–145. doi:10.1080/10736700008436816. ISSN 1073-6700. Retrieved November 30, 2024. PDF file link
telegraph.co.uk
- Oliphant, Roland (November 13, 2015). "Secret Russian radioactive doomsday torpedo leaked on television". The Telegraph. Retrieved November 30, 2024.
- Russia secretly offered North Korea nuclear technology – by a Special Correspondent in Pyongyang and Michael Hirst, Telegraph, September 7, 2006.
thebulletin.org
- "Russian nuclear weapons, 2025".
- Field, Matt (March 15, 2024). "Russia appears to be using chemical weapons in Ukraine. And admitting it". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
- "Russia may have violated the INF Treaty. Here's how the United States appears to have done the same". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. February 7, 2019.
- "Russian Nuclear Weapons, 2024". The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists..
- "Read the fine print: Russia's nuclear weapon use policy". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. March 10, 2022.
- Diaz-Maurin, François (October 20, 2022). "Nowhere to hide: How a nuclear war would kill you — and almost everyone else". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.
thediplomat.com
- Gady, Franz-Stefan (January 12, 2016). "Russia to Test-Launch 16 Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles in 2016". The Diplomat.
- Gady, Franz-Stefan (November 2015). "Revealed: Russia's Top Secret Nuclear Torpedo". The Diplomat.
- "What's in Russia's New Nuclear Deterrence 'Basic Principles'?".
theguardian.com
- "A new nuclear arms race is beginning. It will be far more dangerous than the last one". The Guardian. November 14, 2024.
- Borger, Julian (May 10, 2022). "Putin could use nuclear weapon if he felt war being lost – US intelligence chief". The Guardian.
- Sauer, Pjotr (September 21, 2022). "Putin announces partial mobilisation and threatens nuclear retaliation in escalation of Ukraine war". The Guardian.
- Sauer, Pjotr (September 25, 2024). "Vladimir Putin warns west he will consider using nuclear weapons". The Guardian. Retrieved September 26, 2024.
- Sabbagh, Dan (April 12, 2022). "Did Russia really use chemical weapons in Ukraine? Experts are sceptical". The Guardian.
thehill.com
- Blank, Stephen (February 25, 2018). "Getting Russia's nuclear strategy mostly right". The Hill. USA. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
themoscowtimes.com
- "Putin Lowers Threshold for Using Nuclear Weapons in Updated Doctrine, Sparking Escalation Concerns". The Moscow Times. November 19, 2024.
thetimes.com
- "Russia prepared for nuclear attack on China, leaked papers reveal". The Times. February 28, 2024.
un.org
disarmament.un.org
- "Disarmament Treaties Database: 1925 Geneva Protocol". United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
- "Disarmament Treaties Database: Biological Weapons Convention". United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- "Disarmament Treaties Database: Chemical Weapons Convention". United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
- "Status of the Biological Weapons Convention". United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
united24media.com
- "Russian Troops Caught Off Guard as Ukraine Blows Up Chemical Loaded Grad Rocket System, Video". UNITED24 Media. June 17, 2025. Retrieved June 17, 2025.
usni.org
news.usni.org
- "Russian Mystery Submarine Likely Deployment Vehicle for New Nuclear Torpedo". USNI News December 4, 2015.
valuewalk.com
- Shukla, Vikas (December 8, 2015). "What Is The Purpose Of Russia's Deadly Status-6 Torpedo". Value Work.
voanews.com
- "The Budapest Memorandum and Crimea". VOA News. March 2, 2014. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
vox.com
- "The US tests Putin's nuclear threats in Ukraine". Vox. January 5, 2024.
warontherocks.com
- "Revelations about Russia's Nuclear Deterrence Policy". June 19, 2020.
washingtonpost.com
- "Satellite images show major expansion at Russian site with secret bioweapons past". The Washington Post.
web.archive.org
- "Russia profile". Nuclear Threat Initiative – NTI.org. 2009. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
- "SS-30 ?? / R-X-? Sarmat New Heavy ICBM". globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on February 5, 2020. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
- Lockie, Alex (December 24, 2016). "Trump questions the US's nuclear arsenal: Here's how the US's nukes compare to Russia's". Business Insider. Archived from the original on September 4, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
- "Putin boasts of new Russian nuclear weapons". ABC News (US). Archived from the original on March 1, 2018. Retrieved January 15, 2022.
- Tyrants and the Bomb Archived June 6, 2009, at the Wayback Machine – by Ion Mihai Pacepa, National Review, October 17, 2006
- "Nuclear Dangers: Fear Increases of Terrorists Getting Hands on 'Loose' Warheads as Security Slips". October 19, 1997. Archived from the original on December 30, 2013. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
- "Russia expresses serious concern over DPRK nuke issue". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
- "Putin defends Ukraine invasion, warns West in address". NHK World. February 21, 2023. Archived from the original on February 21, 2023.
- "Recent Updates". Archived from the original on April 6, 2004.
- "Global Campaign to Destroy Chemical Weapons Passes 60 Percent Mark" Archived July 11, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. OPCW. July 8, 2010. Retrieved August 19, 2010.
worldcat.org
search.worldcat.org
- Bozheyeva, Gulbarshyn (Summer 2000). "The Pavlodar Chemical Weapons Plant in Kazakhstan: History and Legacy". The Nonproliferation Review. 7 (2): 136–145. doi:10.1080/10736700008436816. ISSN 1073-6700. Retrieved November 30, 2024. PDF file link
xinhuanet.com
news.xinhuanet.com
- "Russia expresses serious concern over DPRK nuke issue". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
yandex.ru
- "RU2800372C1 – ПРОТЕКТИВНАЯ СРЕДА ДЛЯ СУБЛИМАЦИОННОГО ВЫСУШИВАНИЯ КЛЕТОК Y. PESTIS ШТАММА EV – Яндекс.Патенты". yandex.ru. Retrieved December 17, 2024.

Russia and weapons of mass destruction (English Wikipedia)

1tv.ru

9news.com.au

aljazeera.com

apnews.com

armscontrol.org

armyrecognition.com

bbc.com

bellingcat.com

bellona.org

bloomberg.com

books.google.com

brookings.edu

businessinsider.com

cbc.ca

cbsnews.com

cnn.com

edition.cnn.com

doi.org

dw.com

euractiv.com

fas.org

forbes.com

france24.com

ft.com

globalsecurity.org

go.com

abcnews.go.com

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu

jalopnik.com

foxtrotalpha.jalopnik.com

jstor.org

kremlin.ru

kyivindependent.com

kyivpost.com

archive.kyivpost.com

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