Russian Civil War (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Russian Civil War" in English language version.

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Tucker & Roberts 2005, p. 547. Tucker, Spencer; Roberts, Priscilla M. (2005). World War I: A Student Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-8510-9879-8.

alphahistory.com

Llewellyn, Jennifer; McConnell, Michael; Thompson, Steve (11 August 2019). "The Red Terror". Russian Revolution. Alpha History. Retrieved 4 August 2021.

archive.org

Mawdsley 2007, pp. 3, 230. Mawdsley, Evan (2007). The Russian Civil War. New York: Pegasus. ISBN 978-1-6817-7009-3.
Leggett 1981, p. 184; Service 2000, p. 402; Read 2005, p. 206. Leggett, George (1981). The Cheka: Lenin's Political Police. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1982-2552-2. Service, Robert (2000). Lenin: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-3337-2625-9. ——— (2005). Lenin: A Revolutionary Life. Routledge Historical Biographies. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-4152-0649-5.
Mawdsley 2007, p. 287. Mawdsley, Evan (2007). The Russian Civil War. New York: Pegasus. ISBN 978-1-6817-7009-3.
Deutscher, Isaac (1954). The Prophet Armed Trotsky 1879-1921 (1954). Oxford University Press. pp. 330–336.
Liebman, Marcel (1975). Leninism under Lenin. London : J. Cape. p. 237. ISBN 978-0-2240-1072-6.
Overy 2004, p. 446 By the end of the civil war, one-third of all Red Army officers were ex-Tsarist voenspetsy" Overy, Richard (2004). The Dictators: Hitler's Germany and Stalin's Russia. New York: W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-3930-2030-4.
Carr 1985, pp. 111–112. Carr, E. H. (1985). The Bolshevik Revolution 1917–1923. W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-3933-0195-3.
Carr 1985, pp. 113–115. Carr, E. H. (1985). The Bolshevik Revolution 1917–1923. W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-3933-0195-3.
Carr 1985, p. 115. Carr, E. H. (1985). The Bolshevik Revolution 1917–1923. W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-3933-0195-3.
Carr 1985, pp. 115–116. Carr, E. H. (1985). The Bolshevik Revolution 1917–1923. W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-3933-0195-3.
Carr 1985, pp. 120–121. Carr, E. H. (1985). The Bolshevik Revolution 1917–1923. W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-3933-0195-3.
Carr 1985, pp. 161–164. Carr, E. H. (1985). The Bolshevik Revolution 1917–1923. W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-3933-0195-3.
Mawdsley 2007, p. 27. Mawdsley, Evan (2007). The Russian Civil War. New York: Pegasus. ISBN 978-1-6817-7009-3.
Coates & Coates 1951, p. 72. Coates, W. P.; Coates, Zelda K. (1951). Soviets in Central Asia. New York: Philosophical Library. OCLC 1533874.
Coates & Coates 1951, p. 70. Coates, W. P.; Coates, Zelda K. (1951). Soviets in Central Asia. New York: Philosophical Library. OCLC 1533874.
Coates & Coates 1951, pp. 68–69. Coates, W. P.; Coates, Zelda K. (1951). Soviets in Central Asia. New York: Philosophical Library. OCLC 1533874.
Coates & Coates 1951, p. 74. Coates, W. P.; Coates, Zelda K. (1951). Soviets in Central Asia. New York: Philosophical Library. OCLC 1533874.
Allworth 1967, p. 226. Allworth, Edward (1967). Central Asia: A Century of Russian Rule. New York: Columbia University Press. OCLC 396652.
Mawdsley 2007, p. 35. Mawdsley, Evan (2007). The Russian Civil War. New York: Pegasus. ISBN 978-1-6817-7009-3.
Figes 1997, p. 258 quotes such comments from the peasant soldiers during the first weeks of the war: We have talked it over among ourselves; if the Germans want payment, it would be better to pay ten roubles a head than to kill people. Or: Is it not all the same what Tsar we live under? It cannot be worse under the German one. Or: Let them go and fight themselves. Wait a while, we will settle accounts with you. Or: 'What devil has brought this war on us? We are butting into other people's business.' Figes, Orlando (1997). A People's Tragedy: A History of the Russian Revolution. New York: Viking. ISBN 978-0-6708-5916-0.
Figes 1997, p. 419 "It was partly a case of the usual military failings: units had been sent into battle without machine-guns; untrained soldiers had been ordered to engage in complex maneuvers using hand grenades and ended up throwing them without first pulling the pins." Figes, Orlando (1997). A People's Tragedy: A History of the Russian Revolution. New York: Viking. ISBN 978-0-6708-5916-0.
Figes 1997, p. 412 "This new civic patriotism did not extend beyond the urban middle classes, although the leaders of the Provisional Government deluded themselves that it did." Figes, Orlando (1997). A People's Tragedy: A History of the Russian Revolution. New York: Viking. ISBN 978-0-6708-5916-0.
Mawdsley 2007, p. 42. Mawdsley, Evan (2007). The Russian Civil War. New York: Pegasus. ISBN 978-1-6817-7009-3.
Mawdsley 2007, p. 29. Mawdsley, Evan (2007). The Russian Civil War. New York: Pegasus. ISBN 978-1-6817-7009-3.
Mawdsley 2007, p. 287. Mawdsley, Evan (2007). The Russian Civil War. New York: Pegasus. ISBN 978-1-6817-7009-3.
Rakowska-Harmstone 1970, p. 19. Rakowska-Harmstone, Teresa (1970). Russia and Nationalism in Central Asia: The Case of Tadzhikistan. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-1021-3.
Coates & Coates 1951, p. 75. Coates, W. P.; Coates, Zelda K. (1951). Soviets in Central Asia. New York: Philosophical Library. OCLC 1533874.
Allworth 1967, p. 232. Allworth, Edward (1967). Central Asia: A Century of Russian Rule. New York: Columbia University Press. OCLC 396652.
Allworth 1967, p. 231. Allworth, Edward (1967). Central Asia: A Century of Russian Rule. New York: Columbia University Press. OCLC 396652.
Coates & Coates 1951, p. 76. Coates, W. P.; Coates, Zelda K. (1951). Soviets in Central Asia. New York: Philosophical Library. OCLC 1533874.
Allworth 1967, pp. 232–233. Allworth, Edward (1967). Central Asia: A Century of Russian Rule. New York: Columbia University Press. OCLC 396652.
Figes 1997, p. 760. Figes, Orlando (1997). A People's Tragedy: A History of the Russian Revolution. New York: Viking. ISBN 978-0-6708-5916-0.
Berkman, Alexander (1922). "The Kronstadt Rebellion". pp. 10–11.
Figes 1997, p. 767. Figes, Orlando (1997). A People's Tragedy: A History of the Russian Revolution. New York: Viking. ISBN 978-0-6708-5916-0.
Mawdsley 2007, pp. 319–321. Mawdsley, Evan (2007). The Russian Civil War. New York: Pegasus. ISBN 978-1-6817-7009-3.
Melgunov, Sergei Petrovich (2008) [1924]. Der rote Terror in Russland 1918–1923 (reprint of the 1924 Olga Diakow edition) (in German). Berlin: OEZ. p. 186, note 182. ISBN 978-3-9404-5247-4. An online English translation of the second edition of Melgunov's work is accessible at Internet Archive, whence the following translated text is drawn (p. 85, note n. 128): "Professor [Charles] Sarolea, who published a series of articles about Russia in Edinburgh newspaper "The Scotsman" touched upon the death statistics in an essay on terror (No. 7, November 1923.). He summarized the outcome of the Bolshevik massacre as follows: 28 bishops, 1219 clergy, 6000 professors and teachers, 9000 doctors, 54,000 officers, 260,000 soldiers, 70,000 policemen, 12,950 landowners, 355,250 professionals, 193,290 workers, 815,000 peasants. The author did not provide the sources of that data. Needless to say that the precise counts seem [too] fictional, but the author's [characterisation] of terror in Russia in general matches reality." The note is somewhat abbreviated in the 1925 English edition indicated in the bibliography: in particular, there is no mention of the imaginative nature of the data (p. 111, note n. 1).

archive.today

"The Czech Legion". h2g2.com. Not Panicking. 20 July 2005. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
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"Generalkommando VI Reservekorps". Axis History. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2012.

azstat.org

Erlikhman, Vadim Viktorovich (2004). Poteri narodonaseleniya v XX veke [Population losses in the XX century] (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow: Russkaya panorama. ISBN 5-9316-5107-1.

books.google.com

Bullock 2008, p. 1882. Bullock, David (2008). The Russian Civil War 1918–22. Oxford: Osprey. ISBN 978-1-8460-3271-4. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
The Russian Revolution, 1917. Cambridge University Press. 21 April 2005. ISBN 978-0-5218-4155-9.
Shukman, Harold (5 December 1994). The Blackwell Encyclopedia of the Russian Revolution. John Wiley & Sons. p. 343. ISBN 978-0-6311-9525-2.
Bergman, Jay (2019). The French Revolutionary Tradition in Russian and Soviet Politics, Political Thought, and Culture. Oxford University Press. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-1988-4270-5.
McMeekin, Sean (30 May 2017). The Russian Revolution: A New History. Basic Books. pp. 1–496. ISBN 978-0-4650-9497-4.
Abramovitch, Raphael R. (1985). The Soviet Revolution, 1917-1939. International Universities Press. p. 130.
Calder 1976, p. 166 "[...] the Russian Army disintegrated after the failure of the Galician offensive in July 1917." Calder, Kenneth J. (1976). Britain and the Origins of the New Europe 1914–1918. International Studies. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5212-0897-0. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
Pereira, Norman G. O. (1996). White Siberia: the politics of civil war. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-7735-1349-5.
Lazarski, Christopher (2008). The lost opportunity: attempts at unification of the anti-Bolsheviks, 1917–1919 – Moscow, Kiev, Jassy, Odessa. Lanham: University Press of America. pp. 42–43. ISBN 978-0-7618-4120-3.
Brovkin, Vladimir N. (1991). Dear comrades: Menshevik reports on the Bolshevik revolution and the civil war. Hoover Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-8179-8981-1.
Russia in Revolution: An Empire in Crisis, 1890 to 1928. Oxford University Press. 2017. ISBN 978-0-1987-3482-6.
A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony 1581-1990. Cambridge University Press. 8 September 1994. ISBN 978-0-5214-7771-0.
The People in Arms: Military Myth and National Mobilization Since the French Revolution. Cambridge University Press. 2 November 2006. ISBN 978-0-5210-3025-0.
Liebman, Marcel (1985). Leninism Under Lenin. Merlin Press. pp. 1–348. ISBN 978-0-8503-6261-9.
Goodwin, James (2010). Confronting Dostoevsky's Demons: Anarchism and the Specter of Bakunin in Twentieth-century Russia. Peter Lang. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-4331-0883-9.
Smith, Scott Baldwin (15 April 2011). Captives of Revolution: The Socialist Revolutionaries and the Bolshevik Dictatorship, 1918–1923. University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 68–70. ISBN 978-0-8229-7779-7.
Smith, Scott Baldwin (15 April 2011). Captives of Revolution: The Socialist Revolutionaries and the Bolshevik Dictatorship, 1918–1923. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-8229-7779-7.
Smith & Tucker 2014, pp. 554–555. Smith, David A.; Tucker, Spencer C. (2014). "Operation Faustschlag". World War I: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 554–555. ISBN 978-1-8510-9965-8. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
Reese, Roger R. (3 October 2023). Russia's Army: A History from the Napoleonic Wars to the War in Ukraine. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-8061-9356-4.
Götz, Norbert; Brewis, Georgina; Werther, Steffen (23 July 2020). Humanitarianism in the Modern World: The Moral Economy of Famine Relief. Cambridge University Press. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-1084-9352-9.
Heinzen, James W. (1 February 2004). Inventing a Soviet Countryside: State Power and the Transformation of Rural Russia, 1917-1929. University of Pittsburgh Pre. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-8229-7078-1.
Raleigh, Donald J. (11 May 2021). Experiencing Russia's Civil War: Politics, Society, and Revolutionary Culture in Saratov, 1917-1922. Princeton University Press. p. 202. ISBN 978-1-4008-4374-9.
Kenez 1977, p. ^{[page needed]}. Kenez, Peter (1977). Civil War in South Russia, 1919–1920: The Defeat of the Whites. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-5200-3346-7.
Kenez 1977, p. 44. Kenez, Peter (1977). Civil War in South Russia, 1919–1920: The Defeat of the Whites. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-5200-3346-7.
Kenez 1977, p. 218. Kenez, Peter (1977). Civil War in South Russia, 1919–1920: The Defeat of the Whites. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-5200-3346-7.
Melgunov, Sergei Petrovich (2008) [1924]. Der rote Terror in Russland 1918–1923 (reprint of the 1924 Olga Diakow edition) (in German). Berlin: OEZ. p. 186, note 182. ISBN 978-3-9404-5247-4. An online English translation of the second edition of Melgunov's work is accessible at Internet Archive, whence the following translated text is drawn (p. 85, note n. 128): "Professor [Charles] Sarolea, who published a series of articles about Russia in Edinburgh newspaper "The Scotsman" touched upon the death statistics in an essay on terror (No. 7, November 1923.). He summarized the outcome of the Bolshevik massacre as follows: 28 bishops, 1219 clergy, 6000 professors and teachers, 9000 doctors, 54,000 officers, 260,000 soldiers, 70,000 policemen, 12,950 landowners, 355,250 professionals, 193,290 workers, 815,000 peasants. The author did not provide the sources of that data. Needless to say that the precise counts seem [too] fictional, but the author's [characterisation] of terror in Russia in general matches reality." The note is somewhat abbreviated in the 1925 English edition indicated in the bibliography: in particular, there is no mention of the imaginative nature of the data (p. 111, note n. 1).
Davies, R. W.; Harrison, Mark; Wheatcroft, S. G. (9 December 1993). The Economic Transformation of the Soviet Union, 1913–1945. Cambridge University Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-5214-5770-5.

britannica.com

"Russian Civil War". Encyclopædia Britannica. 10 May 2024.
Russian Civil War Archived 26 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine Encyclopædia Britannica Online 2012
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The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (8 June 2023). "War Communism". Encyclopaedia Britannica.^{[dubious – discuss]}
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"Russian Civil War – Foreign intervention". Britannica. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
"Russian Civil War - Intervention, Allies, Bolsheviks | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 14 February 2024.

bu.edu

sites.bu.edu

Bortnevski, Viktor G. (1993). "White Administration and White Terror (the Denikin Period)" (PDF). Russian Review. 52 (3): 354–366. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 September 2020..

cambridge.org

"Democratic counterrevolution of 1918 in Siberia". www.cambridge.org.^{[permanent dead link]}

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"Bread and Authority in Russia, 1914-1921". University of California Press. Retrieved 27 October 2021.

cultinfo.ru

Колчаковщина. Cult Info (in Russian). Archived from the original on 10 May 2005.

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Концепция социалистической демократии: опыт реализации в СССР и современные перспективы в СНГ

doi.org

Thatcher, Ian D. (2020). "The 'broad centrist' political parties and the first provisional government, 3 march – 5 may 1917". Revolutionary Russia. 33 (2): 197–220. doi:10.1080/09546545.2020.1808318.
Stone, David R. (2011). "Russian Civil War (1917–1920)". In Martel, Gordon (ed.). The Encyclopedia of War. Blackwell Publishing. doi:10.1002/9781444338232.wbeow533. ISBN 978-1-4051-9037-4. S2CID 153317860.
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Kirby, D. G. (1978). "Revolutionary ferment in Finland and the origins of the civil war 1917–1918". Scandinavian Economic History Review. 26: 15–35. doi:10.1080/03585522.1978.10407894.
Lyandres, Semion (Autumn 1989). "The 1918 Attempt on the Life of Lenin: A New Look at the Evidence". Slavic Review. 48 (3). Cambridge University Press: 432–448. doi:10.2307/2498997. JSTOR 2498997. S2CID 155228899.
Figes, Orlando (1990). "The Red Army and Mass Mobilization during the Russian Civil War 1918-1920". Past & Present (129): 168–211. doi:10.1093/past/129.1.168. ISSN 0031-2746. JSTOR 650938.
Daniels 1951, p. 241. ——— (December 1951). "The Kronstadt Revolt of 1921: A Study in the Dynamics of Revolution". American Slavic and East European Review. 10 (4): 241–254. doi:10.2307/2492031. ISSN 1049-7544. JSTOR 2492031.
Kenez, Peter (1991). "The Prosecution of Soviet History: A Critique of Richard Pipes' The Russian Revolution". Russian Review. 50 (3): 345–351. doi:10.2307/131078. JSTOR 131078.
Mueller, Gordon H. (1976). "Rapallo Reexamined: A New Look at Germany's Secret Military Collaboration with Russia in 1922". Military Affairs. 40 (3): 109–117. doi:10.2307/1986524. ISSN 0026-3931. JSTOR 1986524.

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Chamberlin 1987, p. 31 Frequently the deserters' families were taken hostage to force a surrender; a portion were customarily executed, as an example to the others. —— (1987) [1935]. The Russian Revolution, Volume II: 1918–1921: From the Civil War to the Consolidation of Power. Vol. 2. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-5870-5. Retrieved 27 December 2017 – via Project MUSE.
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Lyandres, Semion (Autumn 1989). "The 1918 Attempt on the Life of Lenin: A New Look at the Evidence". Slavic Review. 48 (3). Cambridge University Press: 432–448. doi:10.2307/2498997. JSTOR 2498997. S2CID 155228899.
Figes, Orlando (1990). "The Red Army and Mass Mobilization during the Russian Civil War 1918-1920". Past & Present (129): 168–211. doi:10.1093/past/129.1.168. ISSN 0031-2746. JSTOR 650938.
Daniels 1951, p. 241. ——— (December 1951). "The Kronstadt Revolt of 1921: A Study in the Dynamics of Revolution". American Slavic and East European Review. 10 (4): 241–254. doi:10.2307/2492031. ISSN 1049-7544. JSTOR 2492031.
Kenez, Peter (1991). "The Prosecution of Soviet History: A Critique of Richard Pipes' The Russian Revolution". Russian Review. 50 (3): 345–351. doi:10.2307/131078. JSTOR 131078.
Mueller, Gordon H. (1976). "Rapallo Reexamined: A New Look at Germany's Secret Military Collaboration with Russia in 1922". Military Affairs. 40 (3): 109–117. doi:10.2307/1986524. ISSN 0026-3931. JSTOR 1986524.

lib.ru

Melgunov, S.P. Red Terror in Russia (in Russian)
Часть IV. На гражданской войнe. // Sergei Melgunov «Красный террор» в России 1918—1923. — 2-ое изд., доп. — Берлин, 1924

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"Bolsheviki Grain Near Petrograd". New York Tribune. Washington, DC. Library of Congress. 15 November 1919. p. 4. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 10 September 2010.

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Wright, Damien (2017). Churchill's Secret War with Lenin: British and Commonwealth Military Intervention in the Russian Civil War, 1918–20. Helion & Company. pp. 394, 526–528, 530–535. ISBN 978-1-9115-1210-3. OL 28006555W.
Kinvig 2006, p. 297. Kinvig, Clifford (2006). Churchill's Crusade: The British Invasion of Russia 1918–1920. Hambledon. p. 297. ISBN 978-1-8472-5021-6. OL 13668127W.
Moss, Walter G. (October 2004). A History of Russia Volume 2: Since 1855. Anthem Press. ISBN 978-0-8572-8739-7. OL 39239712M.
Williams 1987: "Typically, men of military age (17 to 40 years old) in a village would vanish when Red Army draft-units approached. The taking of hostages and a few summary executions usually brought the men back." Williams, Beryl (1987). The Russian Revolution 1917–1921. Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-6311-5083-1. OL 12985020W.
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