Russian Empire (English Wikipedia)

Martin Gilbert, Routledge Atlas of Russian History (4th ed. 2007) excerpt and text search Archived 25 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine
Boris N. Mironov, The Standard of Living and Revolutions in Imperial Russia, 1700–1917 (2012) excerpt and text search Archived 25 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine

archipelag.ru

Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по вероисповеданиям и регионам [First general census of the population of the Russian Empire in 1897. Distribution of the population by faiths and regions] (in Russian). archipelag.ru. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012.

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Pipes, Richard (1974). "Chapter 1: The Environment and its Consequences". Russia under the Old Regime. New York: Scribner. pp. 9–10. ISBN 9780684140414.
Seton-Watson 1967, pp. 445–460. Seton-Watson, Hugh (1967). The Russian empire 1801–1917 (PDF).
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Anisimov, Yevgeniya (2017). "Peter I". Great Russian Encyclopedia [in electronic source] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 4 January 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
Osipov, Yuriy, ed. (2015). "The Great Northern War 1700–21". Romania to Saint-Jean-de-Luz. Great Russian Encyclopedia. 2004–2017 (in Russian). Vol. 29. pp. 617–20. ISBN 978-5-85270-366-8. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 20 November 2022.

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Geoffrey Swain (2014). Trotsky and the Russian Revolution. Routledge. p. 15. ISBN 9781317812784. Archived from the original on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015. The first government to be formed after the February Revolution of 1917 had, with one exception, been composed of liberals.
Alexander Rabinowitch (2008). The Bolsheviks in Power: The First Year of Soviet Rule in Petrograd. Indiana UP. p. 1. ISBN 978-0253220424. Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Planert, Ute; Retallack, James, eds. (2017). Decades of Reconstruction. Cambridge University Press. p. 331. ISBN 9781107165748. Archived from the original on 11 February 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
Bushkovitch, Paul (2012). A Concise History of Russia. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 48. ISBN 9780521543231. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023. Ivan III in his own time already had the reputation of the builder of the Russian state... The consolidation of Russia as a state was not just a territorial issue, for Ivan also began the development of a state apparatus...
Millar, James R. (2004). Encyclopedia of Russian History. New York: Macmillan Reference USA. p. 687. ISBN 9780028656939. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023. Under Ivan III's reign, the uniting of separate Russian principalities into a centralized state made great and rapid progress.
Moss, Walter G. (1 July 2003). A History of Russia Volume 1: To 1917. Anthem Press. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-85728-752-6. Archived from the original on 26 November 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023. Ivan III (1462–1505) and his son, Vasili III (1505–1533), completed Moscow's quest to dominate Great Russia. Of the two rulers, Ivan III (the Great) accomplished the most, and Russian historians have called him 'the gatherer of the Russian lands'.
Moss, Walter G. (1 July 2003). A History of Russia Volume 1: To 1917. Anthem Press. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-85728-752-6. Archived from the original on 26 November 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
Dowling 2014, p. 24. Dowling, Timothy C. (2014). Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-948-6. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
Dowling 2014, p. 801. Dowling, Timothy C. (2014). Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-948-6. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
Dowling 2014, p. 728. Dowling, Timothy C. (2014). Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-948-6. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
Dowling 2014, p. 729. Dowling, Timothy C. (2014). Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-948-6. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
Haynes, Margaret (2017). Tsarist and Communist Russia 1855–1964. Oxford: University Press. p. 23. ISBN 9780198421443. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
Polunov, Alexander Y.; Owen, Thomas C.; Zakharova, Larisa G. (2015). Russia in the Nineteenth Century: Autocracy, Reform, and Social Change, 1814–1914. Routledge. p. 164. ISBN 978-1-317-46049-7. Archived from the original on 21 January 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
Akinsha, Konstantin; Kozlov, Georgi; Hochfleid, Sylvya (2008). The Holy Place: Architecture, Ideology, and History in Russia. Yale University Press. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-300-14497-0. Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
Borrero, Mauricio (2009). Russia: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present. Infobase Publishing. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-8160-7475-4. Archived from the original on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
Jones, Preston (2017). The Fires of Patriotism: Alaskans in the Days of the First World War 1910–1920. University of Alaska Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-1-60223-206-8.
Chapman 2002, p. 113. Chapman, Tim (2002). Imperial Russia, 1801-1905. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-57970-9. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
Chapman 2002, p. 114. Chapman, Tim (2002). Imperial Russia, 1801-1905. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-57970-9. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
Geoffrey 2011, p. 315. Geoffrey, Hosking (2011). Russia and the Russians: A History (2nd ed.). Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-06195-8. Archived from the original on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
Geoffrey 2011, p. 316. Geoffrey, Hosking (2011). Russia and the Russians: A History (2nd ed.). Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-06195-8. Archived from the original on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
Andreev, A. I. (2003). Soviet Russia and Tibet: the debacle of secret diplomacy, 1918-1930s. Leiden: Brill. pp. 13–15, 37, 67, 96. ISBN 90-04-12952-9. OCLC 51330174. Archived from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023. In the days of the Great Game, Mongolia was an object of imperialist encroachment by Russia, as Tibet was for the British.
Ascher, Abraham (2004). "Coup d'État". The Revolution of 1905: A Short History. Stanford University Press. pp. 187–210. ISBN 9780804750288. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
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Fromkin, David (2010). A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East. Henry Holt and Company. p. 208. ISBN 978-1-4299-8852-0. Archived from the original on 29 December 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
Lieven 2015, p. 82. Lieven, Dominic (2015). The End of Tsarist Russia: The March to World War I and Revolution. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-310955-6. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
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Yorulmaz, Naci (2014). Arming the Sultan: German Arms Trade and Personal Diplomacy in the Ottoman Empire Before World War I. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-85772-518-9. Archived from the original on 29 December 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
Lieven 2015, p. 241. Lieven, Dominic (2015). The End of Tsarist Russia: The March to World War I and Revolution. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-310955-6. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
Lieven 2015, p. 2. Lieven, Dominic (2015). The End of Tsarist Russia: The March to World War I and Revolution. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-310955-6. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
McMeekin 2011, p. 88. McMeekin, Sean (2011). The Russian Origins of the First World War. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-06210-8. Archived from the original on 7 January 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
Hamilton, Richard F.; Herwig, Holger, eds. (2003). The Origins of World War I. Cambridge University Press. p. 180. ISBN 9780521817356. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
Lieven 2015, p. 338. Lieven, Dominic (2015). The End of Tsarist Russia: The March to World War I and Revolution. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-310955-6. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
Ruthchild, Rochelle (2010). Equality and Revolution. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 255. ISBN 9780822973751. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
Goldman, Emily (2011). Power in Uncertain Times: Strategy in the Fog of Peace. Stanford University Press. p. 40. ISBN 9780804774338. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
Zabecki, David T. (2014). Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History. ABC-CLIO. p. 371. ISBN 9781598849813. Archived from the original on 4 January 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
McNally, Michael (2022). Tannenberg 1914: Destruction of the Russian Second Army. Bloomsbury. p. 61. ISBN 9781472850201. Archived from the original on 26 December 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
Tucker 2014, p. 1048. Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2014). World War I: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection [5 volumes]: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781851099658. Archived from the original on 26 December 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
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Tucker 2019, p. 468. Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2019). World War I: A Country-by-Country Guide. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-4408-6369-1. Archived from the original on 26 December 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
Sondhaus, Lawrence (2020). World War One. Cambridge University Press. p. 114. ISBN 9781108496193. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
Kalic, Sean N.; Brown, Gates M. (2017). Russian Revolution of 1917: The Essential Reference Guide. ABC-CLIO. p. 180. ISBN 9781440850936. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2014a). 500 Great Military Leaders. ABC-CLIO. p. 556. ISBN 9781598847581. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
Jahn, Hubertus (1998). Patriotic Culture in Russia During World War I. Cornell University Press. p. 9. ISBN 9780801485718. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
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Sanborn 2014, p. 30. Sanborn, Joshua A. (2014). Imperial Apocalypse: The Great War and the Destruction of the Russian Empire. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-964205-2. Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
Sanborn 2014, p. 66. Sanborn, Joshua A. (2014). Imperial Apocalypse: The Great War and the Destruction of the Russian Empire. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-964205-2. Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
Sanborn 2014, p. 125–126. Sanborn, Joshua A. (2014). Imperial Apocalypse: The Great War and the Destruction of the Russian Empire. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-964205-2. Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
Tucker 2014, p. 514. Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2014). World War I: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection [5 volumes]: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781851099658. Archived from the original on 26 December 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
McMeekin 2011, p. 111–112. McMeekin, Sean (2011). The Russian Origins of the First World War. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-06210-8. Archived from the original on 7 January 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
McMeekin 2011, p. 114. McMeekin, Sean (2011). The Russian Origins of the First World War. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-06210-8. Archived from the original on 7 January 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
Tucker 2019, p. 524. Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2019). World War I: A Country-by-Country Guide. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-4408-6369-1. Archived from the original on 26 December 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
Pipes 2011, p. 77–78. Pipes, Richard (2011). A Concise History of the Russian Revolution. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-78858-0. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
Pipes 2011, p. 79. Pipes, Richard (2011). A Concise History of the Russian Revolution. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-78858-0. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
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wikimedia.org

upload.wikimedia.org

Russian: Россійская Имперія, tr. Rossiyskaya Imperiya, IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə ɪmˈpʲerʲɪjə] ^ⓘ; Российская Империя in modern Russian spelling.

worldcat.org

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Grinev, Andrei V. (18 February 2010). "The Plans for Russian Expansion in the New World and the North Pacific in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries". European Journal of American Studies. 5 (2). doi:10.4000/ejas.7805. ISSN 1991-9336. Archived from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
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Davies, Franziska; Wessel, Martin Schulze; Brenner, Michael (2015). Jews and Muslims in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 47–52. ISBN 978-3-647-31028-2. OCLC 930490047. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
Brower, Daniel (1996). "Russian Roads to Mecca: Religious Tolerance and Muslim Pilgrimage in the Russian Empire". Slavic Review. 55 (3): 567–584. doi:10.2307/2502001. ISSN 0037-6779. JSTOR 2502001. S2CID 163469315. Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
Campbell, Elena I. (2015). The Muslim question and Russian imperial governance. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 1–25. ISBN 978-0-253-01454-2. OCLC 902954232. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Crews, Robert D. (2006). For prophet and tsar : Islam and empire in Russia and Central Asia. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. pp. 293–294. ISBN 0-674-02164-9. OCLC 62282613. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
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Paert, Irina (1 February 2017). "The Tsar's Foreign Faiths: Toleration and the Fate of Religious Freedom in Imperial Russia by Paul W. Werth". The English Historical Review. 132 (554): 175–177. doi:10.1093/ehr/cew383. ISSN 0013-8266. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
Stricker, Gerd (1 June 2001). "Lutherans in Russia since 1990". Religion, State and Society. 29 (2): 101–113. doi:10.1080/09637490120074792. ISSN 0963-7494. S2CID 145405540. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
Binzley, Ronald A. (1 June 2017). "How the Jesuits Survived Their Suppression: The Society of Jesus in the Russian Empire (1773–1814), written by Mark Inglot, S.J." Journal of Jesuit Studies. 4 (3): 489–491. doi:10.1163/22141332-00403007. ISSN 2214-1324. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
Zatko, James J. (1960). "The Roman Catholic Church and Its Legal Position under the Provisional Government in Russia in 1917". The Slavonic and East European Review. 38 (91): 476–492. ISSN 0037-6795. JSTOR 4205179. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
Weeks, Ted (1 January 2011). ""Religion, Nationality, or Politics: Catholicism in the Russian Empire, 1863–1905"". Journal of Eurasian Studies. 2 (1): 52–59. doi:10.1016/j.euras.2010.10.008. ISSN 1879-3665. S2CID 145315419.
Rubinstein, Samara; Dulik, Matthew C.; Gokcumen, Omer; Zhadanov, Sergey; Osipova, Ludmila; Cocca, Maggie; Mehta, Nishi; Gubina, Marina; Posukh, Olga; Schurr, Theodore G. (2008). "Russian Old Believers: genetic consequences of their persecution and exile, as shown by mitochondrial DNA evidence". Human Biology. 80 (3): 203–237. doi:10.3378/1534-6617-80.3.203. ISSN 0018-7143. PMID 19130794. S2CID 9520618. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
Hardwick, Susan W. (1993). "Religion and Migration: The Molokan Experience". Yearbook of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers. 55: 127–141. ISSN 0066-9628. JSTOR 24040086. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
Sperber, Jonathan (2013). Europe 1850–1914 : progress, participation and apprehension. Oxon, England: Routledge. p. 325. ISBN 978-1-315-83501-3. OCLC 874151263. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.