Russian language (English Wikipedia)

Iraj Bashiri (1990). "Russian Loanwords in Persian and Tajiki Language". academia.edu. Archived from the original on 30 May 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2015.

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Cignoni, Giovanni A.; Prokhorov, Sergei P. (October–December 2023). "Tracing the Origins of the First Soviet Computers, Beyond Legends". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 45 (4): 85–91. Bibcode:2023IAHC...45d..85C. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2023.3326668.

alppi.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

Andrlík, Jan. "Ethnic and Language Policy of the Republic of Lithuania: Basis and Practice" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 April 2016.

asu.edu.ru (Global: low place; English: low place)

yarus.asu.edu.ru

"{section.caption}". yarus.asu.edu.ru. Archived from the original on 12 January 2012. Retrieved 16 February 2020.

babel.ua (Global: low place; English: low place)

Sheremet, Anhelina (13 May 2022). "In Latvia, from 2025, all children will be taught in Latvian only". Бабель. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023.

belstat.gov.by (Global: 2,430^th place; English: 5,369^th place)

"Общая численность населения, численность населения по возрасту и полу, состоянию в браке, уровню образования, национальностям, языку, источникам средств к существованию по Республике Беларусь" [Total population, population by age and sex, marital status, level of education, nationality, language, and sources of livelihood in the Republic of Belarus] (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020.

bnn-news.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Latvia to gradually transition to education only in official language". 29 September 2022. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Marten, Heiko F.; Rießler, Michael; Saarikivi, Janne; Toivanen, Reetta (6 January 2015). Cultural and Linguistic Minorities in the Russian Federation and the European Union: Comparative Studies on Equality and Diversity. Springer. p. 283. ISBN 978-3-319-10455-3. Archived from the original on 3 September 2025. Retrieved 27 August 2025.
Rakhlin, Kornilov & Grigorenko 2017, p. 396. Rakhlin, Natalia; Kornilov, Sergey A.; Grigorenko, Elena L. (12 October 2017). "Learning to Read Russian". Learning to Read across Languages and Writing Systems. Cambridge University Press. p. 393. ISBN 978-1-107-09588-5.
Cubberley 2002, pp. 15–16. Cubberley, Paul (17 October 2002). Russian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79641-5.
Comrie 2002, p. 63. Comrie, Bernard (11 September 2002). "Russian". The Major Languages of Eastern Europe. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-134-93265-8.
Schallert 2024, p. 605. Schallert, Joseph (31 May 2024). "Dialectal Fragmentation". In Šipka, Šipka; Browne, Wayles (eds.). The Cambridge Handbook of Slavic Linguistics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-96790-7.
Schaeken 2018, p. 186. Schaeken, Jos (5 November 2018). Voices on Birchbark: Everyday Communication in Medieval Russia. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-38942-7.
Baker, Colin; Jones, Sylvia Prys (1998). Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education. Multilingual Matters. p. 219. ISBN 978-1-85359-362-8. Archived from the original on 20 March 2018.
Cubberley 2002, p. 336. Cubberley, Paul (17 October 2002). Russian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79641-5.
Cubberley 2002, p. 16. Cubberley, Paul (17 October 2002). Russian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79641-5.
Cubberley 2002, p. 313. Cubberley, Paul (17 October 2002). Russian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79641-5.
Rakhlin, Kornilov & Grigorenko 2017, p. 401. Rakhlin, Natalia; Kornilov, Sergey A.; Grigorenko, Elena L. (12 October 2017). "Learning to Read Russian". Learning to Read across Languages and Writing Systems. Cambridge University Press. p. 393. ISBN 978-1-107-09588-5.
Comrie 2002, p. 64. Comrie, Bernard (11 September 2002). "Russian". The Major Languages of Eastern Europe. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-134-93265-8.
Drinka 2017, p. 329. Drinka, Bridget (16 February 2017). Language Contact in Europe: The Periphrastic Perfect through History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-51493-4.
Cubberley 2002, p. 314. Cubberley, Paul (17 October 2002). Russian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79641-5.
Comrie 2002, p. 66. Comrie, Bernard (11 September 2002). "Russian". The Major Languages of Eastern Europe. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-134-93265-8.
Mirsky 1999, p. 19. Mirsky, D. S. (1999). A History of Russian Literature from Its Beginnings to 1900. Northwestern University Press. ISBN 978-0-8101-1679-5.
Flaitz, Jeffra (1988). The ideology of English: French perceptions of English as a world language. Walter de Gruyter. p. 3. ISBN 978-3-110-11549-9. Retrieved 1 June 2024.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Slavic languages - Grammar, Morphology, Syntax | Britannica". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 19 August 2025. Retrieved 29 November 2025.

cabar.asia (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bekmurzaev, Nurbek (28 February 2019). "Russian Language Status in Central Asian Countries". Central Asian Bureau for Analytical Reporting. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

Timberlake 2004, p. 17. Timberlake, Alan (2004). A Reference Grammar of Russian. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-77292-1. Archived from the original on 7 September 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
Stern 2024, p. 633. Stern, Dieter (2024). "Language Contacts". The Cambridge Handbook of Slavic Linguistics. Cambridge University Press. pp. 626–640. doi:10.1017/9781108973021.030. ISBN 978-1-108-83267-0.
Stern 2024, p. 634. Stern, Dieter (2024). "Language Contacts". The Cambridge Handbook of Slavic Linguistics. Cambridge University Press. pp. 626–640. doi:10.1017/9781108973021.030. ISBN 978-1-108-83267-0.

caucasusbarometer.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Caucasusbarometer.org | Online Data Analysis". caucasusbarometer.org. Retrieved 24 July 2026.

census.gov (Global: 18^th place; English: 18^th place)

Shin, Hyon B.; Kominski, Robert A. (April 2010). "Language Use in the United States" (PDF). Census Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 June 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.

cia.gov (Global: 133^rd place; English: 275^th place)

"Languages". The World Factbook. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009. Retrieved 26 April 2015.

civisbook.ru (Global: low place; English: low place)

Русский язык на рубеже XX-XXI веков Archived 15 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine — М.: Центр социального прогнозирования и маркетинга, 2012. — 482 стр.

codeproject.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Caloni, Wanderley (15 February 2007). "RusKey: mapping the Russian keyboard layout into the Latin alphabets". The Code Project. Archived from the original on 1 March 2012. Retrieved 28 January 2011.

coe.int (Global: 777^th place; English: 802^nd place)

conventions.coe.int

"List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148 (Status as of: 21/9/2011)". Council of Europe. Archived from the original on 22 May 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2012.

cominf.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"КОНСТИТУЦИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ЮЖНАЯ ОСЕТИЯ" [Constitution of the Republic of South Ossetia]. 11 August 2009. Archived from the original on 11 August 2009. Retrieved 5 April 2021.

constcouncil.kz (Global: low place; English: low place)

Nazarbaev, N. (4 December 2005). "Article 7. Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan". Constcouncil.kz. Archived from the original on 20 October 2007. Retrieved 18 June 2013.

constcourt.md (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Court examined the constitutionality of the Law on the Usage of Languages Spoken on the Territory of the Republic of Moldova". Constitutional Court of the Republic of Moldova. 1 January 2021. Archived from the original on 22 October 2021.

constitution.ru (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Article 68. Constitution of the Russian Federation". Constitution.ru. Archived from the original on 6 June 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.

cvk.lv (Global: low place; English: low place)

web.cvk.lv

"Referendum on the Draft Law 'Amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia'". Central Election Commission of Latvia. 2012. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2012.

tn2012.cvk.lv

"Results of the referendum on the Draft Law 'Amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia'" (in Latvian). Central Election Commission of Latvia. 2012. Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2012.

demoscope.ru (Global: 435^th place; English: 1,435^th place)

Арефьев, Александр (2006). Падение статуса русского языка на постсоветском пространстве [The decline of the status of the Russian language in the post-Soviet space]. Демоскоп Weekly (in Russian) (251). Archived from the original on 8 March 2013.
Арефьев А. Л. (31 October 2013). "Сжимающееся русскоязычие. Демографические изменения — не на пользу русскому языку" [Shrinking Russian-speaking population: Demographic changes are not in favor of the Russian language]. Демоскоп Weekly (in Russian). Archived from the original on 5 August 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
"Русскоязычие распространено не только там, где живут русские" [The Russian language is spoken not only where ethnic Russians live]. demoscope.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 23 October 2016.
"Демоскоп Weekly. Об итогах Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года. Сообщение Росстата" [On the Results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census. A Report by Rosstat] (in Russian). Demoscope.ru. 8 November 2011. Archived from the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
"Падение статуса русского языка на постсоветском пространстве" [The decline of the status of the Russian language in the post-Soviet space]. demoscope.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 25 October 2016.
Арефьев, А. Меньше россиян — меньше русскоговорящих [Fewer Russians — fewer Russian speakers] (in Russian). Demoscope.ru. Archived from the original on 8 March 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
Арефьев, А. В странах Азии, Африки и Латинской Америки наш язык стремительно утрачивает свою роль [In the countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, our language is rapidly losing its role]. demoscope.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 8 March 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
Арефьев, А. Будет ли русский в числе мировых языков в будущем? [Will Russian be among the world languages in the future?]. demoscope.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 12 May 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
Все меньше школьников обучаются на русском языке [Fewer and fewer schoolchildren are being educated in Russian]. demoscope.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 5 August 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
Русский Язык На Рубеже Xx-Ххi Веков [The Russian language at the turn of the 20th–21st centuries] (in Russian). Demoscope.ru. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
журнал "Демоскоп". Русский язык — советский язык?. Demoscope.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2 April 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
"журнал "Демоскоп". Где есть потребность в изучении русского языка". Mof.gov.cy (in Russian). 23 May 2012. Archived from the original on 5 April 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.

deschide.md (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Președintele CCM: Constituția nu conferă limbii ruse un statut deosebit de cel al altor limbi minoritare". Deschide.md. Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Comrie, Bernard (2018). "Russian". The World's Major Languages. pp. 282–297. doi:10.4324/9781315644936-16. ISBN 978-1-315-64493-6.
Stern 2024, p. 633. Stern, Dieter (2024). "Language Contacts". The Cambridge Handbook of Slavic Linguistics. Cambridge University Press. pp. 626–640. doi:10.1017/9781108973021.030. ISBN 978-1-108-83267-0.
Stern 2024, p. 634. Stern, Dieter (2024). "Language Contacts". The Cambridge Handbook of Slavic Linguistics. Cambridge University Press. pp. 626–640. doi:10.1017/9781108973021.030. ISBN 978-1-108-83267-0.
Kadochnikov 2016, pp. 542–544. Kadochnikov, Denis V. (2016), "Languages, Regional Conflicts and Economic Development: Russia", in Ginsburgh, Victor; Weber, Shlomo (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 538–580, doi:10.1007/978-1-137-32505-1_20, ISBN 978-1-349-67307-0, archived from the original on 22 January 2024, retrieved 16 February 2021
Waterson, Natalie (1955). "The Turkic Languages of Central Asia: Problems of Planned Culture Contact by Stefan Wurm". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 17 (2): 392–394. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00111954. ISSN 0041-977X. JSTOR 610442.
Kadochnikov 2016, p. 540. Kadochnikov, Denis V. (2016), "Languages, Regional Conflicts and Economic Development: Russia", in Ginsburgh, Victor; Weber, Shlomo (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 538–580, doi:10.1007/978-1-137-32505-1_20, ISBN 978-1-349-67307-0, archived from the original on 22 January 2024, retrieved 16 February 2021
Kadochnikov 2016, pp. 540–541. Kadochnikov, Denis V. (2016), "Languages, Regional Conflicts and Economic Development: Russia", in Ginsburgh, Victor; Weber, Shlomo (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 538–580, doi:10.1007/978-1-137-32505-1_20, ISBN 978-1-349-67307-0, archived from the original on 22 January 2024, retrieved 16 February 2021
Kadochnikov 2016, p. 541. Kadochnikov, Denis V. (2016), "Languages, Regional Conflicts and Economic Development: Russia", in Ginsburgh, Victor; Weber, Shlomo (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 538–580, doi:10.1007/978-1-137-32505-1_20, ISBN 978-1-349-67307-0, archived from the original on 22 January 2024, retrieved 16 February 2021
Kadochnikov 2016, p. 542. Kadochnikov, Denis V. (2016), "Languages, Regional Conflicts and Economic Development: Russia", in Ginsburgh, Victor; Weber, Shlomo (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 538–580, doi:10.1007/978-1-137-32505-1_20, ISBN 978-1-349-67307-0, archived from the original on 22 January 2024, retrieved 16 February 2021
Cignoni, Giovanni A.; Prokhorov, Sergei P. (October–December 2023). "Tracing the Origins of the First Soviet Computers, Beyond Legends". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 45 (4): 85–91. Bibcode:2023IAHC...45d..85C. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2023.3326668.
Pokhoday, Mikhail; Shtyrov, Yury; Myachykov, Andriy (20 August 2019). "Effects of Visual Priming and Event Orientation on Word Order Choice in Russian Sentence Production". Frontiers in Psychology. 10 1661. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01661. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 6710380. PMID 31481907.
Slioussar, Natalia (8 July 2011). "Processing of a Free Word Order Language: The Role of Syntax and Context". Journal of Psycholinguistic Research. 40 (4): 291–306. doi:10.1007/s10936-011-9171-5. ISSN 0090-6905. PMID 21739339.
Kallestinova, Elena Dmitrievna (2007). Aspects of word order in Russian (Thesis). The University of Iowa. doi:10.17077/etd.11qhthvg.
Sauermann, Antje; Gagarina, Natalia (1 March 2018). "The roles of givenness and type of referring expression in the comprehension of word order in Russian-speaking children". Linguistics Vanguard. 4 (s1) 20160094. doi:10.1515/lingvan-2016-0094. ISSN 2199-174X.
Ionin, Tania; Luchkina, Tatiana (October 2018). "Focus on Russian Scope: An Experimental Investigation of the Relationship between Quantifier Scope, Prosody, and Information Structure". Linguistic Inquiry. 49 (4): 741–779. doi:10.1162/ling_a_00288. ISSN 0024-3892.
Pereltsvaig, Asya (28 February 2008). "Split phrases in colloquial Russian". Studia Linguistica. 62 (1): 5–38. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9582.2007.00141.x. ISSN 0039-3193.
Luchkina, Tatiana; Cole, Jennifer (20 May 2014). "Structural and Prosodic Correlates of Prominence in Free Word Order Language Discourse". Speech Prosody 2014. ISCA: ISCA: 1119–1123. doi:10.21437/speechprosody.2014-214.
Luchkina, Tatiana; Cole, Jennifer S. (28 November 2019). "Perception of Word-level Prominence in Free Word Order Language Discourse". Language and Speech. 64 (2): 381–412. doi:10.1177/0023830919884089. ISSN 0023-8309. PMID 31778096.
Pereltsvaig, Asya (23 October 2012). "John Frederick Bailyn, The syntax of Russian (Cambridge Syntax Guides). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. Pp. xviii+373". Journal of Linguistics. 48 (3): 727–731. doi:10.1017/s002222671200028x. ISSN 0022-2267.
Nesset, Tore (2008). "Path and Manner: An Image-Schematic Approach to Russian Verbs of Motion". Scando-Slavica. 54 (1): 135–158. doi:10.1080/00806760802494232. S2CID 123427088.

dw.com (Global: 205^th place; English: 320^th place)

"Latvia pushes majority language in schools, leaving parents miffed". Deutsche Welle. 8 September 2018. Archived from the original on 23 January 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2019.

e-cis.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Совет глав государств СНГ подписал Договор об учреждении Международной организации по русскому языку и принял Заявление о поддержке и продвижении русского языка как языка межнационального общения" [The Council of Heads of State of the CIS signed an agreement establishing the International Organization for the Russian Language and adopted a statement in support of promoting Russian as a language of interethnic communication]. CIS Internet Portal (in Russian). 13 October 2023. Archived from the original on 6 January 2025. Retrieved 6 January 2025.

en.wikisource.org (Global: 82^nd place; English: 41^st place)

Minns, Ellis Hovell (1911). "Russian Language" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 912–914.

err.ee (Global: 1,131^st place; English: 1,671^st place)

"Riigikogu kiitis heaks eestikeelsele õppele ülemineku" [The Riigikogu approved the transition to Estonian-language education]. ERR (in Estonian). 12 December 2022. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023.

estonianworld.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Estonia's Russian schools to switch to Estonian-language schooling". Estonian World. 13 December 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2024.

ethnologue.com (Global: 354^th place; English: 413^th place)

Russian language at Ethnologue (28th ed., 2025)
"Romania : Languages of Romania". Ethnologue.com. 19 February 1999. Archived from the original on 31 January 2013. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
Lewis, M. Paul; Gary F. Simons; Charles D. Fennig, eds. (21 February 2018). "Statistical Summaries. Summary by language size. Language size". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (21st ed.). Dallas: SIL International. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 6 January 2019.

europa.eu (Global: 62^nd place; English: 100^th place)

ec.europa.eu

"Europeans and their Languages" (PDF). europa.eu. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2009.

ezglot.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Similar languages to Russian Archived 25 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine, EZ Glot

fluentu.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Russian Vowels: All the Rules You Need to Know | FluentU Russian Blog". FluentU Russian. 27 January 2020. Archived from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 28 November 2023.

forbes.ru (Global: 1,042^nd place; English: 3,604^th place)

К визиту Нетаньяху: что Россия может получить от экономики Израиля [Ahead of Netanyahu’s visit: What can Russia gain from Israel’s economy?]. Archived 13 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine Алексей Голубович, Forbes Russia, 9 March 2017

fujian.gov.cn (Global: low place; English: low place)

Ethnic Groups and Religious department, Fujian Provincial Government (13 September 2022). "少数民族的语言文字有哪些？". fujian.gov.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022. 我国已正式使用和经国家批准推行的少数民族文字有19种，它们是...俄罗斯文...

fundeh.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Введение" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2015.

gagauzia.md (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Article 16. Legal code of Gagauzia (Gagauz-Yeri)". Gagauzia.md. 5 August 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.

gallup.com (Global: 3,519^th place; English: 2,509^th place)

"Russian Language Enjoying a Boost in Post-Soviet States". Gallup. 1 August 2008. Archived from the original on 18 May 2010. Retrieved 16 May 2010.
"Russia's Language Could Be Ticket in for Migrants". Gallup. 28 November 2008. Archived from the original on 28 September 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2010.

geostat.ge (Global: 1,801^st place; English: 7,453^rd place)

Circle. "2024 Population Census of Georgia results - National Statistics Office of Georgia". www.geostat.ge. Retrieved 24 July 2026.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

"Moscow threatens sanctions against Latvia over removal of Russian from secondary schools". The Daily Telegraph. 3 April 2018. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022.

giz.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

liportal.giz.de

"Results of the 2009 National Population Census of the Republic of Kazakhstan" (PDF). Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2015.

google.com (Global: 109^th place; English: 87^th place)

Spolsky & Shohamy 1999, p. 236. Spolsky, Bernard; Shohamy, Elana (1999). The Languages of Israel: Policy, Ideology, and Practice. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. ISBN 9781853594519.
Vinokur 1971, p. 82. Vinokur, Grigory O. (2 April 1971). The Russian Language: A Brief History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-07944-0. Archived from the original on 27 May 2025. Retrieved 5 February 2026.
Vinokur 1971, pp. 82–83. Vinokur, Grigory O. (2 April 1971). The Russian Language: A Brief History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-07944-0. Archived from the original on 27 May 2025. Retrieved 5 February 2026.
Bermel 1997, p. 16. Bermel, Neil (1 January 1997). Context and the Lexicon in the Development of Russian Aspect. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-09812-1.
Matthews 2013, pp. 112–113, "Our study of the historical development of Russian must be preceded by an account of its earliest recorded form, which from the eleventh to the end of the seventeenth century is generally known as Old Russian, though there is unavoidably a considerable disparity between the language, say, of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and that of the eleventh and twelfth. Some investigators have suggested the application of the term 'Middle Russian' to the former...". Matthews, William Kleesman (August 2013). The Structure and Development of Russian. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-61939-5.
Bermel 1997, p. 17. Bermel, Neil (1 January 1997). Context and the Lexicon in the Development of Russian Aspect. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-09812-1.
Eckhoff 2011, p. 186, "The 11th–14th centuries are considered a single language stage [...] This is the usual practice, this period traditionally being labeled drevnerusskij jazyk (literally Ancient Russian), whereas the 15th through 17th centuries are labeled either starorusskij jazyk (literally Old Russian) or srednerusskij jazyk (Middle Russian)". Eckhoff, Hanne Martine (27 October 2011). Old Russian Possessive Constructions: A Construction Grammar Approach. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-025504-1.
Vinokur 1971, p. 34. Vinokur, Grigory O. (2 April 1971). The Russian Language: A Brief History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-07944-0. Archived from the original on 27 May 2025. Retrieved 5 February 2026.
Cornwell & Christian 1998, p. 5, "Specialists often still write as if an 'Old Russian literary language' existed side-by-side with Church Slavonic, the two available for use as the writer's choice or the task to be fulfilled dictated. But this would have astonished an early Russian, who did not even have the term Church Slavonic at his disposal. Far from being linguistically alien to him, what we call Church Slavonic was perceived as the time-hallowed, lofty register of Russian – its 'bookish' (without modern pejorative connotations) version". Cornwell, Neil; Christian, Nicole (1998). Reference Guide to Russian Literature. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-884964-10-7.
Gvozdanovic 2000, p. 335. Gvozdanovic, Jadranka (1 January 2000). "Parameters Underlying Punctuation in Older Russian Texts". In Herring, Susan C.; Reenen, Pieter Th van; Schøsler, Lene (eds.). Textual Parameters in Older Languages. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 331–352. ISBN 978-90-272-3702-6.

gov.kg (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Официальный сайт Правительства КР". Gov.kg. Archived from the original on 22 December 2012. Retrieved 16 February 2020.

gov.md (Global: 4,577^th place; English: 6,796^th place)

statistica.gov.md

"The Population of the Republic of Moldova at the time of the Census was 2 998 235". National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova. 31 March 2017. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023.

gramota.ru (Global: 3,007^th place; English: low place)

"Россия и Русь, россияне и русские: откуда пошли эти самоназвания". gramota.ru (in Russian).
"Россия и Русь, россияне и русские: откуда пошли эти самоназвания". gramota.ru (in Russian).
"The Language of the Russian Village" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 7 June 2012. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
"The Language of the Russian Village" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 12 February 2012. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
What types of dictionaries exist? Archived 17 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine from www.gramota.ru (in Russian)

hokudai.ac.jp (Global: 4,984^th place; English: 5,778^th place)

src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp

Kamusella, Tomasz (2012). "The Change of the Name of the Russian Language in Russian from Rossiiskii to Russkii: Did Politics Have Anything to Do with It?" (PDF). Acta Slavica Iaponica. 32: 73–96.

ignatius.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

www2.ignatius.edu

"The World's Most Widely Spoken Languages". Saint Ignatius High School. Cleveland, Ohio. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 17 February 2012.

investlithuania.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Labalaukytė, Rūta (26 September 2018). "Employees fluent in three languages – it's the norm in Lithuania". Invest Lithuania. Outsourcing&More. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023.

irishtimes.com (Global: 252^nd place; English: 133^rd place)

"Ukraine defends education reform as Hungary promises 'pain'". The Irish Times. 27 September 2017. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2019.

jaxa.jp (Global: 3,149^th place; English: 4,634^th place)

global.jaxa.jp

Wakata, Koichi. "My Long Mission in Space". JAXA. Archived from the original on 26 April 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2021. The official languages on the ISS are English and Russian, and when I was speaking with the Flight Control Room at JAXA's Tsukuba Space Center during ISS systems and payload operations, I was required to speak in either English or Russian.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Magocsi, Paul Robert (1996). "Language and National Survival". Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas. 44 (1). Franz Steiner Verlag: 83–85. JSTOR 41049661.
Waterson, Natalie (1955). "The Turkic Languages of Central Asia: Problems of Planned Culture Contact by Stefan Wurm". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 17 (2): 392–394. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00111954. ISSN 0041-977X. JSTOR 610442.

justice.md (Global: 5,280^th place; English: low place)

lex.justice.md

Law № 173 from 22.07.2005: "About main notes about special legal status of settlements of left bank of the Dniester (Transnistria)" - Article 6: in Romanian Archived 15 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine; in Russian Archived 15 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine.

language-policy.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Кому варто боятися закону про мову?" [Who should be afraid of the language law?]. Портал мовної політики (in Ukrainian). 16 May 2019. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2022.

languagehat.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Ninilchik". languagehat.com. 1 January 2009. Archived from the original on 7 January 2014. Retrieved 18 June 2013.

lojban.github.io (Global: low place; English: low place)

Cowan, John Woldemar (1997). The Shape Of Words To Come: Lojban Morphology – The Lojban Reference Grammar. Logical Language. ISBN 0-9660283-0-9. Archived from the original on 12 November 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2022 – via lojban.github.io.

lsm.lv (Global: 2,010^th place; English: 2,617^th place)

eng.lsm.lv

"Saeima approves updated National Security concept for Latvia". Eng.LSM.lv. 28 September 2023. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023.

mfa.lt (Global: low place; English: low place)

in.mfa.lt

"Statistics Lithuania: 78.5% of Lithuanians speak at least one foreign language | News". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 27 September 2013. Archived from the original on 6 January 2021. Retrieved 28 December 2020.

moe.gov.cn (Global: 5,584^th place; English: low place)

Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (27 August 2021). "中国语言文字概况（2021年版）". moe.gov.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 18 December 2023. ...属于印欧语系的是属斯拉夫语族的俄语...

myjewishlearning.com (Global: 6,385^th place; English: 4,654^th place)

"Russians in Israel". Archived from the original on 11 July 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.

narod.ru (Global: 284^th place; English: 1,297^th place)

legal-ussr.narod.ru

"Закон СССР от 24 April 1990 О языках народов СССР" Archived 8 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine (The 1990 USSR Law about the Languages of the USSR) (in Russian)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Pokhoday, Mikhail; Shtyrov, Yury; Myachykov, Andriy (20 August 2019). "Effects of Visual Priming and Event Orientation on Word Order Choice in Russian Sentence Production". Frontiers in Psychology. 10 1661. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01661. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 6710380. PMID 31481907.
Slioussar, Natalia (8 July 2011). "Processing of a Free Word Order Language: The Role of Syntax and Context". Journal of Psycholinguistic Research. 40 (4): 291–306. doi:10.1007/s10936-011-9171-5. ISSN 0090-6905. PMID 21739339.
Luchkina, Tatiana; Cole, Jennifer S. (28 November 2019). "Perception of Word-level Prominence in Free Word Order Language Discourse". Language and Speech. 64 (2): 381–412. doi:10.1177/0023830919884089. ISSN 0023-8309. PMID 31778096.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Pokhoday, Mikhail; Shtyrov, Yury; Myachykov, Andriy (20 August 2019). "Effects of Visual Priming and Event Orientation on Word Order Choice in Russian Sentence Production". Frontiers in Psychology. 10 1661. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01661. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 6710380. PMID 31481907.

nr2.ru (Global: low place; English: low place)

Русский язык в Монголии стал обязательным [Russian language has become compulsory in Mongolia] (in Russian). New Region. 21 September 2006. Archived from the original on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2009.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Brooke, James (15 February 2005). "For Mongolians, E Is for English, F Is for Future". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2009.

ohchr.org (Global: 1,204^th place; English: 1,164^th place)

"Universal Declaration of Human Rights – Russian (Russky)". Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.

president.gov.by (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Article 17. Constitution of the Republic of Belarus". President.gov.by. 11 May 1998. Archived from the original on 2 May 2007. Retrieved 18 June 2013.

prokuratura.tj (Global: low place; English: low place)

"КОНСТИТУЦИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАДЖИКИСТАН" [Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan]. prokuratura.tj. Parliament of Tajikistan. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2020.

proquest.com (Global: 121^st place; English: 59^th place)

Pustovoit, Igor Vladimirovich. Linguistic aspects of contemporary Russian formal style. State University of New York at Stony Brook, 2000. Doctor of Arts Dissertation. https://www.proquest.com/openview/3ceea5c16ad57cc8d5fa0e3058ef7ba6/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y

rada.gov.ua (Global: 211^th place; English: 1,747^th place)

rada.gov.ua

Article 10 Archived 21 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine of the Constitution says: "The state language of Ukraine is the Ukrainian language. The State ensures the comprehensive development and functioning of the Ukrainian language in all spheres of social life throughout the entire territory of Ukraine. In Ukraine, the free development, use and protection of Russian, and other languages of national minorities of Ukraine, is guaranteed."

zakon.rada.gov.ua

"Про забезпечення функціонування української мови як державної" [On ensuring the functioning of the Ukrainian language as the state language]. Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2 May 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2023.

ratinggroup.ua (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Шосте загальнонаціональне опитування: мовне питання в Україні (19 березня 2022)" [Sixth nationwide survey: the language question in Ukraine (March 19, 2022)] (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 24 August 2023. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
"Соціологічне дослідження до Дня Незалежності УЯВЛЕННЯ ПРО ПАТРІОТИЗМ ТА МАЙБУТНЄ УКРАЇНИ" [Sociological Survey for Independence Day: PERCEPTIONS OF PATRIOTISM AND THE FUTURE OF UKRAINE] (PDF) (in Ukrainian). Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.

rbth.com (Global: 2,639^th place; English: 2,510^th place)

"Can Russians from different parts of the country understand each other?". www.rbth.com. Archived from the original on 13 March 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2020.

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

Karpava, Sviatlana. "Lexical stress assignment and reading skills of Russian heritage children".

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 30^th place)

Tanas, Alexander (21 January 2021). "Moldovan court overturns special status for Russian language". Reuters. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023.

rferl.org (Global: 733^rd place; English: 555^th place)

"Ukrainian Language Bill Facing Barrage Of Criticism From Minorities, Foreign Capitals". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 24 September 2017. Archived from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2019.

ruslang.ru (Global: 4,348^th place; English: low place)

"Russian Language Institute". Ruslang.ru. Archived from the original on 19 July 2010. Retrieved 16 May 2010.

rutgers.edu (Global: 2,011^th place; English: 1,139^th place)

roa.rutgers.edu

"Falling Sonoroty Onsets, Loanwords, and Syllable contact" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 May 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
Aliyeh Kord Zafaranlu Kambuziya; Eftekhar Sadat Hashemi (2010). "Russian Loanword Adoptation in Persian; Optimal Approach" (PDF). roa.rutgers.edu. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 May 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Nesset, Tore (2008). "Path and Manner: An Image-Schematic Approach to Russian Verbs of Motion". Scando-Slavica. 54 (1): 135–158. doi:10.1080/00806760802494232. S2CID 123427088.

socioprognoz.ru (Global: low place; English: low place)

Арефьев, А. Л. Сведения об авторе [Information about the author]. socioprognoz.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 11 May 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.

sophia.ac.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Focusing on prefixes and suffixes in Russian for more effective vocabulary learning | Sophia University". 15 February 2024. Retrieved 29 November 2025.

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

link.springer.com

Kadochnikov 2016, pp. 542–544. Kadochnikov, Denis V. (2016), "Languages, Regional Conflicts and Economic Development: Russia", in Ginsburgh, Victor; Weber, Shlomo (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 538–580, doi:10.1007/978-1-137-32505-1_20, ISBN 978-1-349-67307-0, archived from the original on 22 January 2024, retrieved 16 February 2021
Kadochnikov 2016, p. 540. Kadochnikov, Denis V. (2016), "Languages, Regional Conflicts and Economic Development: Russia", in Ginsburgh, Victor; Weber, Shlomo (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 538–580, doi:10.1007/978-1-137-32505-1_20, ISBN 978-1-349-67307-0, archived from the original on 22 January 2024, retrieved 16 February 2021
Kadochnikov 2016, pp. 540–541. Kadochnikov, Denis V. (2016), "Languages, Regional Conflicts and Economic Development: Russia", in Ginsburgh, Victor; Weber, Shlomo (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 538–580, doi:10.1007/978-1-137-32505-1_20, ISBN 978-1-349-67307-0, archived from the original on 22 January 2024, retrieved 16 February 2021
Kadochnikov 2016, p. 541. Kadochnikov, Denis V. (2016), "Languages, Regional Conflicts and Economic Development: Russia", in Ginsburgh, Victor; Weber, Shlomo (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 538–580, doi:10.1007/978-1-137-32505-1_20, ISBN 978-1-349-67307-0, archived from the original on 22 January 2024, retrieved 16 February 2021
Kadochnikov 2016, p. 542. Kadochnikov, Denis V. (2016), "Languages, Regional Conflicts and Economic Development: Russia", in Ginsburgh, Victor; Weber, Shlomo (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 538–580, doi:10.1007/978-1-137-32505-1_20, ISBN 978-1-349-67307-0, archived from the original on 22 January 2024, retrieved 16 February 2021

stat.gov.lt (Global: 1,229^th place; English: 5,678^th place)

osp.stat.gov.lt

Statistics Lithuania census 2011: "Gyventojai pagal tautybę, gimtąją kalbą ir tikybą" (PDF). Oficialiosios statistikos portalas. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 April 2023.

statista.com (Global: 1,214^th place; English: 1,277^th place)

"Most used languages online by share of websites 2024". Statista.com. Archived from the original on 27 April 2024. Retrieved 12 April 2024.

tandem.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The 10 Most Spoken Languages in Europe". Tandem. 12 September 2019. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2021.

taylorfrancis.com (Global: 1,902^nd place; English: 1,063^rd place)

Comrie, Bernard (2018). "Russian". The World's Major Languages. pp. 282–297. doi:10.4324/9781315644936-16. ISBN 978-1-315-64493-6.

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 40^th place; English: 27^th place)

"Moscow threatens sanctions against Latvia over removal of Russian from secondary schools". The Daily Telegraph. 3 April 2018. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

"Kazakhstan drafts media law to increase use of Kazakh language over Russian". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 6 October 2023. 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.

towson.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

wp.towson.edu

Madeleine, Meyer (8 December 2021). "Language and Geopolitics: A Case Study of the Former Soviet Union".

un.org (Global: 117^th place; English: 160^th place)

un.org

"Official Languages". United Nations. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2021. There are six official languages of the UN. These are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish. The correct interpretation and translation of these six languages, in both spoken and written form, is very important to the work of the Organization, because this enables clear and concise communication on issues of global importance.
United Nations. "Universal Declaration of Human Rights". United Nations. Archived from the original on 16 March 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2023.

unstats.un.org

"Population And Housing Census Of The Kyrgyz Republic Of 2009" (PDF). UN Stats. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 July 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2015.

unian.info (Global: 5,776^th place; English: 4,179^th place)

"New education law becomes effective in Ukraine". www.unian.info. 28 September 2017. Archived from the original on 27 June 2018. Retrieved 22 March 2023.

upload.wikimedia.org (Global: 1,245^th place; English: 1,259^th place)

русский, russkiy or русский язык, russkiy yazyk, pronounced [ˈruskʲɪj jɪˈzɨk] ^ⓘ

usefoundation.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Law of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic on the Functioning of Languages on the Territory of the Moldavian SSR". U.S. English Foundation Research. 2016. Archived from the original on 21 September 2016.

utoronto.ca (Global: 1,483^rd place; English: 930^th place)

learn.utoronto.ca

"Russian". University of Toronto. Archived from the original on 28 June 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2021. Russian is the most widespread of the Slavic languages and the largest native language in Europe. Of great political importance, it is one of the official languages of the United Nations – making it a natural area of study for those interested in geopolitics.

uu.se (Global: 3,445^th place; English: 3,148^th place)

www2.math.uu.se

Christer Kiselman (2008). Andrzej Pelczar (ed.). "Esperanto: its origins and early history" (PDF). Prace Komisji Spraw Europejskich PAU. II. Krakow: Polska Akademia Umieje ̨tno ́sci: 39–56. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2022.

vlada.cz (Global: 9,709^th place; English: low place)

"National Minorities Policy of the Government of the Czech Republic". Vlada.cz. Archived from the original on 7 June 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2012.

vnexpress.net (Global: 787^th place; English: 1,929^th place)

e.vnexpress.net

Vnexpress (20 September 2016). "Vietnam to add Chinese, Russian to elementary school curriculum". VnExpress International – Latest news, business, travel and analysis from Vietnam. Archived from the original on 12 July 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2019.

w3techs.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Matthias Gelbmann (19 March 2013). "Russian is now the second most used language on the web". W3Techs. Q-Success. Retrieved 17 June 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Article 68. Constitution of the Russian Federation". Constitution.ru. Archived from the original on 6 June 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
"Article 17. Constitution of the Republic of Belarus". President.gov.by. 11 May 1998. Archived from the original on 2 May 2007. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
Nazarbaev, N. (4 December 2005). "Article 7. Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan". Constcouncil.kz. Archived from the original on 20 October 2007. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
"Официальный сайт Правительства КР". Gov.kg. Archived from the original on 22 December 2012. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
"КОНСТИТУЦИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАДЖИКИСТАН" [Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan]. prokuratura.tj. Parliament of Tajikistan. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
"Article 16. Legal code of Gagauzia (Gagauz-Yeri)". Gagauzia.md. 5 August 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
Law № 173 from 22.07.2005: "About main notes about special legal status of settlements of left bank of the Dniester (Transnistria)" - Article 6: in Romanian Archived 15 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine; in Russian Archived 15 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
"Конституция Республики Абхазия". 18 January 2009. Archived from the original on 18 January 2009. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
"КОНСТИТУЦИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ЮЖНАЯ ОСЕТИЯ" [Constitution of the Republic of South Ossetia]. 11 August 2009. Archived from the original on 11 August 2009. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
"Law of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic on the Functioning of Languages on the Territory of the Moldavian SSR". U.S. English Foundation Research. 2016. Archived from the original on 21 September 2016.
"List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148 (Status as of: 21/9/2011)". Council of Europe. Archived from the original on 22 May 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
Ethnic Groups and Religious department, Fujian Provincial Government (13 September 2022). "少数民族的语言文字有哪些？". fujian.gov.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022. 我国已正式使用和经国家批准推行的少数民族文字有19种，它们是...俄罗斯文...
Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (27 August 2021). "中国语言文字概况（2021年版）". moe.gov.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 18 December 2023. ...属于印欧语系的是属斯拉夫语族的俄语...
"National Minorities Policy of the Government of the Czech Republic". Vlada.cz. Archived from the original on 7 June 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
"Președintele CCM: Constituția nu conferă limbii ruse un statut deosebit de cel al altor limbi minoritare". Deschide.md. Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
"Romania : Languages of Romania". Ethnologue.com. 19 February 1999. Archived from the original on 31 January 2013. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
Article 10 Archived 21 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine of the Constitution says: "The state language of Ukraine is the Ukrainian language. The State ensures the comprehensive development and functioning of the Ukrainian language in all spheres of social life throughout the entire territory of Ukraine. In Ukraine, the free development, use and protection of Russian, and other languages of national minorities of Ukraine, is guaranteed."
"Russian Language Institute". Ruslang.ru. Archived from the original on 19 July 2010. Retrieved 16 May 2010.
Marten, Heiko F.; Rießler, Michael; Saarikivi, Janne; Toivanen, Reetta (6 January 2015). Cultural and Linguistic Minorities in the Russian Federation and the European Union: Comparative Studies on Equality and Diversity. Springer. p. 283. ISBN 978-3-319-10455-3. Archived from the original on 3 September 2025. Retrieved 27 August 2025.
"Russian Language Enjoying a Boost in Post-Soviet States". Gallup. 1 August 2008. Archived from the original on 18 May 2010. Retrieved 16 May 2010.
Арефьев, Александр (2006). Падение статуса русского языка на постсоветском пространстве [The decline of the status of the Russian language in the post-Soviet space]. Демоскоп Weekly (in Russian) (251). Archived from the original on 8 March 2013.
"The 10 Most Spoken Languages in Europe". Tandem. 12 September 2019. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
"Russian". University of Toronto. Archived from the original on 28 June 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2021. Russian is the most widespread of the Slavic languages and the largest native language in Europe. Of great political importance, it is one of the official languages of the United Nations – making it a natural area of study for those interested in geopolitics.
"The World's Most Widely Spoken Languages". Saint Ignatius High School. Cleveland, Ohio. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
Wakata, Koichi. "My Long Mission in Space". JAXA. Archived from the original on 26 April 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2021. The official languages on the ISS are English and Russian, and when I was speaking with the Flight Control Room at JAXA's Tsukuba Space Center during ISS systems and payload operations, I was required to speak in either English or Russian.
"Official Languages". United Nations. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2021. There are six official languages of the UN. These are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish. The correct interpretation and translation of these six languages, in both spoken and written form, is very important to the work of the Organization, because this enables clear and concise communication on issues of global importance.
"Most used languages online by share of websites 2024". Statista.com. Archived from the original on 27 April 2024. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
Timberlake 2004, p. 17. Timberlake, Alan (2004). A Reference Grammar of Russian. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-77292-1. Archived from the original on 7 September 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
"Slavic languages - Grammar, Morphology, Syntax | Britannica". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 19 August 2025. Retrieved 29 November 2025.
Kadochnikov 2016, pp. 542–544. Kadochnikov, Denis V. (2016), "Languages, Regional Conflicts and Economic Development: Russia", in Ginsburgh, Victor; Weber, Shlomo (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 538–580, doi:10.1007/978-1-137-32505-1_20, ISBN 978-1-349-67307-0, archived from the original on 22 January 2024, retrieved 16 February 2021
"Falling Sonoroty Onsets, Loanwords, and Syllable contact" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 May 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
Aliyeh Kord Zafaranlu Kambuziya; Eftekhar Sadat Hashemi (2010). "Russian Loanword Adoptation in Persian; Optimal Approach" (PDF). roa.rutgers.edu. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 May 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
Iraj Bashiri (1990). "Russian Loanwords in Persian and Tajiki Language". academia.edu. Archived from the original on 30 May 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
Baker, Colin; Jones, Sylvia Prys (1998). Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education. Multilingual Matters. p. 219. ISBN 978-1-85359-362-8. Archived from the original on 20 March 2018.
Kadochnikov 2016, p. 540. Kadochnikov, Denis V. (2016), "Languages, Regional Conflicts and Economic Development: Russia", in Ginsburgh, Victor; Weber, Shlomo (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 538–580, doi:10.1007/978-1-137-32505-1_20, ISBN 978-1-349-67307-0, archived from the original on 22 January 2024, retrieved 16 February 2021
Vinokur 1971, p. 82. Vinokur, Grigory O. (2 April 1971). The Russian Language: A Brief History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-07944-0. Archived from the original on 27 May 2025. Retrieved 5 February 2026.
Vinokur 1971, pp. 82–83. Vinokur, Grigory O. (2 April 1971). The Russian Language: A Brief History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-07944-0. Archived from the original on 27 May 2025. Retrieved 5 February 2026.
Kadochnikov 2016, pp. 540–541. Kadochnikov, Denis V. (2016), "Languages, Regional Conflicts and Economic Development: Russia", in Ginsburgh, Victor; Weber, Shlomo (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 538–580, doi:10.1007/978-1-137-32505-1_20, ISBN 978-1-349-67307-0, archived from the original on 22 January 2024, retrieved 16 February 2021
Kadochnikov 2016, p. 541. Kadochnikov, Denis V. (2016), "Languages, Regional Conflicts and Economic Development: Russia", in Ginsburgh, Victor; Weber, Shlomo (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 538–580, doi:10.1007/978-1-137-32505-1_20, ISBN 978-1-349-67307-0, archived from the original on 22 January 2024, retrieved 16 February 2021
Kadochnikov 2016, p. 542. Kadochnikov, Denis V. (2016), "Languages, Regional Conflicts and Economic Development: Russia", in Ginsburgh, Victor; Weber, Shlomo (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 538–580, doi:10.1007/978-1-137-32505-1_20, ISBN 978-1-349-67307-0, archived from the original on 22 January 2024, retrieved 16 February 2021
Арефьев А. Л. (31 October 2013). "Сжимающееся русскоязычие. Демографические изменения — не на пользу русскому языку" [Shrinking Russian-speaking population: Demographic changes are not in favor of the Russian language]. Демоскоп Weekly (in Russian). Archived from the original on 5 August 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Lewis, M. Paul; Gary F. Simons; Charles D. Fennig, eds. (21 February 2018). "Statistical Summaries. Summary by language size. Language size". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (21st ed.). Dallas: SIL International. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
"Russia's Language Could Be Ticket in for Migrants". Gallup. 28 November 2008. Archived from the original on 28 September 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2010.
"Введение" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
"Русскоязычие распространено не только там, где живут русские" [The Russian language is spoken not only where ethnic Russians live]. demoscope.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 23 October 2016.
"Общая численность населения, численность населения по возрасту и полу, состоянию в браке, уровню образования, национальностям, языку, источникам средств к существованию по Республике Беларусь" [Total population, population by age and sex, marital status, level of education, nationality, language, and sources of livelihood in the Republic of Belarus] (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
"Languages". The World Factbook. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
"Riigikogu kiitis heaks eestikeelsele õppele ülemineku" [The Riigikogu approved the transition to Estonian-language education]. ERR (in Estonian). 12 December 2022. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
"Referendum on the Draft Law 'Amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia'". Central Election Commission of Latvia. 2012. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
"Results of the referendum on the Draft Law 'Amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia'" (in Latvian). Central Election Commission of Latvia. 2012. Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
"Latvia pushes majority language in schools, leaving parents miffed". Deutsche Welle. 8 September 2018. Archived from the original on 23 January 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
"Latvia to gradually transition to education only in official language". 29 September 2022. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
Sheremet, Anhelina (13 May 2022). "In Latvia, from 2025, all children will be taught in Latvian only". Бабель. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023.
"Saeima approves updated National Security concept for Latvia". Eng.LSM.lv. 28 September 2023. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023.
"Statistics Lithuania: 78.5% of Lithuanians speak at least one foreign language | News". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 27 September 2013. Archived from the original on 6 January 2021. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
Labalaukytė, Rūta (26 September 2018). "Employees fluent in three languages – it's the norm in Lithuania". Invest Lithuania. Outsourcing&More. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023.
Andrlík, Jan. "Ethnic and Language Policy of the Republic of Lithuania: Basis and Practice" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 April 2016.
Statistics Lithuania census 2011: "Gyventojai pagal tautybę, gimtąją kalbą ir tikybą" (PDF). Oficialiosios statistikos portalas. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 April 2023.
"The Court examined the constitutionality of the Law on the Usage of Languages Spoken on the Territory of the Republic of Moldova". Constitutional Court of the Republic of Moldova. 1 January 2021. Archived from the original on 22 October 2021.
Tanas, Alexander (21 January 2021). "Moldovan court overturns special status for Russian language". Reuters. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023.
"The Population of the Republic of Moldova at the time of the Census was 2 998 235". National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova. 31 March 2017. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023.
"Демоскоп Weekly. Об итогах Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года. Сообщение Росстата" [On the Results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census. A Report by Rosstat] (in Russian). Demoscope.ru. 8 November 2011. Archived from the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
"Падение статуса русского языка на постсоветском пространстве" [The decline of the status of the Russian language in the post-Soviet space]. demoscope.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 25 October 2016.
"New education law becomes effective in Ukraine". www.unian.info. 28 September 2017. Archived from the original on 27 June 2018. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
"Ukraine defends education reform as Hungary promises 'pain'". The Irish Times. 27 September 2017. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
"Ukrainian Language Bill Facing Barrage Of Criticism From Minorities, Foreign Capitals". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 24 September 2017. Archived from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
"Про забезпечення функціонування української мови як державної" [On ensuring the functioning of the Ukrainian language as the state language]. Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2 May 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
"Кому варто боятися закону про мову?" [Who should be afraid of the language law?]. Портал мовної політики (in Ukrainian). 16 May 2019. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
"Шосте загальнонаціональне опитування: мовне питання в Україні (19 березня 2022)" [Sixth nationwide survey: the language question in Ukraine (March 19, 2022)] (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 24 August 2023. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
"Соціологічне дослідження до Дня Незалежності УЯВЛЕННЯ ПРО ПАТРІОТИЗМ ТА МАЙБУТНЄ УКРАЇНИ" [Sociological Survey for Independence Day: PERCEPTIONS OF PATRIOTISM AND THE FUTURE OF UKRAINE] (PDF) (in Ukrainian). Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
"Europeans and their Languages" (PDF). europa.eu. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2009.
"Results of the 2009 National Population Census of the Republic of Kazakhstan" (PDF). Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
"Kazakhstan drafts media law to increase use of Kazakh language over Russian". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 6 October 2023. 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
"Population And Housing Census Of The Kyrgyz Republic Of 2009" (PDF). UN Stats. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 July 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
Bekmurzaev, Nurbek (28 February 2019). "Russian Language Status in Central Asian Countries". Central Asian Bureau for Analytical Reporting. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
Brooke, James (15 February 2005). "For Mongolians, E Is for English, F Is for Future". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2009.
Русский язык в Монголии стал обязательным [Russian language has become compulsory in Mongolia] (in Russian). New Region. 21 September 2006. Archived from the original on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2009.
К визиту Нетаньяху: что Россия может получить от экономики Израиля [Ahead of Netanyahu’s visit: What can Russia gain from Israel’s economy?]. Archived 13 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine Алексей Голубович, Forbes Russia, 9 March 2017
"Russians in Israel". Archived from the original on 11 July 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
Vnexpress (20 September 2016). "Vietnam to add Chinese, Russian to elementary school curriculum". VnExpress International – Latest news, business, travel and analysis from Vietnam. Archived from the original on 12 July 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
"Ninilchik". languagehat.com. 1 January 2009. Archived from the original on 7 January 2014. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
Shin, Hyon B.; Kominski, Robert A. (April 2010). "Language Use in the United States" (PDF). Census Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 June 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
"Совет глав государств СНГ подписал Договор об учреждении Международной организации по русскому языку и принял Заявление о поддержке и продвижении русского языка как языка межнационального общения" [The Council of Heads of State of the CIS signed an agreement establishing the International Organization for the Russian Language and adopted a statement in support of promoting Russian as a language of interethnic communication]. CIS Internet Portal (in Russian). 13 October 2023. Archived from the original on 6 January 2025. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
"The Language of the Russian Village" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 7 June 2012. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
"The Language of the Russian Village" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 12 February 2012. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
Similar languages to Russian Archived 25 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine, EZ Glot
Christer Kiselman (2008). Andrzej Pelczar (ed.). "Esperanto: its origins and early history" (PDF). Prace Komisji Spraw Europejskich PAU. II. Krakow: Polska Akademia Umieje ̨tno ́sci: 39–56. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
Cowan, John Woldemar (1997). The Shape Of Words To Come: Lojban Morphology – The Lojban Reference Grammar. Logical Language. ISBN 0-9660283-0-9. Archived from the original on 12 November 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2022 – via lojban.github.io.
Caloni, Wanderley (15 February 2007). "RusKey: mapping the Russian keyboard layout into the Latin alphabets". The Code Project. Archived from the original on 1 March 2012. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
"Russian Vowels: All the Rules You Need to Know | FluentU Russian Blog". FluentU Russian. 27 January 2020. Archived from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
"Can Russians from different parts of the country understand each other?". www.rbth.com. Archived from the original on 13 March 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
What types of dictionaries exist? Archived 17 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine from www.gramota.ru (in Russian)
"{section.caption}". yarus.asu.edu.ru. Archived from the original on 12 January 2012. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
Vinokur 1971, p. 34. Vinokur, Grigory O. (2 April 1971). The Russian Language: A Brief History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-07944-0. Archived from the original on 27 May 2025. Retrieved 5 February 2026.
"Закон СССР от 24 April 1990 О языках народов СССР" Archived 8 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine (The 1990 USSR Law about the Languages of the USSR) (in Russian)
Арефьев, А. Л. Сведения об авторе [Information about the author]. socioprognoz.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 11 May 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
Арефьев, А. Меньше россиян — меньше русскоговорящих [Fewer Russians — fewer Russian speakers] (in Russian). Demoscope.ru. Archived from the original on 8 March 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
Арефьев, А. В странах Азии, Африки и Латинской Америки наш язык стремительно утрачивает свою роль [In the countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, our language is rapidly losing its role]. demoscope.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 8 March 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
Арефьев, А. Будет ли русский в числе мировых языков в будущем? [Will Russian be among the world languages in the future?]. demoscope.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 12 May 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
Все меньше школьников обучаются на русском языке [Fewer and fewer schoolchildren are being educated in Russian]. demoscope.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 5 August 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
Русский Язык На Рубеже Xx-Ххi Веков [The Russian language at the turn of the 20th–21st centuries] (in Russian). Demoscope.ru. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
Русский язык на рубеже XX-XXI веков Archived 15 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine — М.: Центр социального прогнозирования и маркетинга, 2012. — 482 стр.
журнал "Демоскоп". Русский язык — советский язык?. Demoscope.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2 April 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
"журнал "Демоскоп". Где есть потребность в изучении русского языка". Mof.gov.cy (in Russian). 23 May 2012. Archived from the original on 5 April 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
"Universal Declaration of Human Rights – Russian (Russky)". Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
United Nations. "Universal Declaration of Human Rights". United Nations. Archived from the original on 16 March 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2023.

wikiwix.com (Global: 103^rd place; English: 872^nd place)

archive.wikiwix.com

Thompson, Irene. "Language Learning Difficulty". mustgo. Archived from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2014.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Waterson, Natalie (1955). "The Turkic Languages of Central Asia: Problems of Planned Culture Contact by Stefan Wurm". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 17 (2): 392–394. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00111954. ISSN 0041-977X. JSTOR 610442.
Pokhoday, Mikhail; Shtyrov, Yury; Myachykov, Andriy (20 August 2019). "Effects of Visual Priming and Event Orientation on Word Order Choice in Russian Sentence Production". Frontiers in Psychology. 10 1661. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01661. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 6710380. PMID 31481907.
Slioussar, Natalia (8 July 2011). "Processing of a Free Word Order Language: The Role of Syntax and Context". Journal of Psycholinguistic Research. 40 (4): 291–306. doi:10.1007/s10936-011-9171-5. ISSN 0090-6905. PMID 21739339.
Sauermann, Antje; Gagarina, Natalia (1 March 2018). "The roles of givenness and type of referring expression in the comprehension of word order in Russian-speaking children". Linguistics Vanguard. 4 (s1) 20160094. doi:10.1515/lingvan-2016-0094. ISSN 2199-174X.
Ionin, Tania; Luchkina, Tatiana (October 2018). "Focus on Russian Scope: An Experimental Investigation of the Relationship between Quantifier Scope, Prosody, and Information Structure". Linguistic Inquiry. 49 (4): 741–779. doi:10.1162/ling_a_00288. ISSN 0024-3892.
Pereltsvaig, Asya (28 February 2008). "Split phrases in colloquial Russian". Studia Linguistica. 62 (1): 5–38. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9582.2007.00141.x. ISSN 0039-3193.
Luchkina, Tatiana; Cole, Jennifer S. (28 November 2019). "Perception of Word-level Prominence in Free Word Order Language Discourse". Language and Speech. 64 (2): 381–412. doi:10.1177/0023830919884089. ISSN 0023-8309. PMID 31778096.
Pereltsvaig, Asya (23 October 2012). "John Frederick Bailyn, The syntax of Russian (Cambridge Syntax Guides). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. Pp. xviii+373". Journal of Linguistics. 48 (3): 727–731. doi:10.1017/s002222671200028x. ISSN 0022-2267.

Russian language (English Wikipedia)

abkhaziagov.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

aboutworldlanguages.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

academia.edu (Global: 105th place; English: 99th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

alppi.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

asu.edu.ru (Global: low place; English: low place)

yarus.asu.edu.ru

babel.ua (Global: low place; English: low place)

belstat.gov.by (Global: 2,430th place; English: 5,369th place)

bnn-news.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 37th place; English: 64th place)

cabar.asia (Global: low place; English: low place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209th place; English: 151st place)

caucasusbarometer.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

census.gov (Global: 18th place; English: 18th place)

cia.gov (Global: 133rd place; English: 275th place)

civisbook.ru (Global: low place; English: low place)

codeproject.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

coe.int (Global: 777th place; English: 802nd place)

conventions.coe.int

cominf.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

constcouncil.kz (Global: low place; English: low place)

constcourt.md (Global: low place; English: low place)

constitution.ru (Global: low place; English: low place)

cvk.lv (Global: low place; English: low place)

web.cvk.lv

tn2012.cvk.lv

demoscope.ru (Global: 435th place; English: 1,435th place)

deschide.md (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

dw.com (Global: 205th place; English: 320th place)

e-cis.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

en.wikisource.org (Global: 82nd place; English: 41st place)

err.ee (Global: 1,131st place; English: 1,671st place)

estonianworld.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

ethnologue.com (Global: 354th place; English: 413th place)

europa.eu (Global: 62nd place; English: 100th place)

ec.europa.eu

ezglot.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

fluentu.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

forbes.ru (Global: 1,042nd place; English: 3,604th place)

fujian.gov.cn (Global: low place; English: low place)

fundeh.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

gagauzia.md (Global: low place; English: low place)

gallup.com (Global: 3,519th place; English: 2,509th place)

geostat.ge (Global: 1,801st place; English: 7,453rd place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64th place; English: 28th place)

giz.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

liportal.giz.de

google.com (Global: 109th place; English: 87th place)

gov.kg (Global: low place; English: low place)

gov.md (Global: 4,577th place; English: 6,796th place)

statistica.gov.md

gramota.ru (Global: 3,007th place; English: low place)

hokudai.ac.jp (Global: 4,984th place; English: 5,778th place)

src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp

ignatius.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

www2.ignatius.edu

investlithuania.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

irishtimes.com (Global: 252nd place; English: 133rd place)

jaxa.jp (Global: 3,149th place; English: 4,634th place)

global.jaxa.jp

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

justice.md (Global: 5,280th place; English: low place)

lex.justice.md

language-policy.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

languagehat.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

lojban.github.io (Global: low place; English: low place)

lsm.lv (Global: 2,010th place; English: 2,617th place)

eng.lsm.lv

mfa.lt (Global: low place; English: low place)

in.mfa.lt

moe.gov.cn (Global: 5,584th place; English: low place)

myjewishlearning.com (Global: 6,385th place; English: 4,654th place)

narod.ru (Global: 284th place; English: 1,297th place)

legal-ussr.narod.ru

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

academia.edu (Global: 105^th place; English: 99^th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

belstat.gov.by (Global: 2,430^th place; English: 5,369^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

census.gov (Global: 18^th place; English: 18^th place)

cia.gov (Global: 133^rd place; English: 275^th place)

coe.int (Global: 777^th place; English: 802^nd place)

demoscope.ru (Global: 435^th place; English: 1,435^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

dw.com (Global: 205^th place; English: 320^th place)

en.wikisource.org (Global: 82^nd place; English: 41^st place)

err.ee (Global: 1,131^st place; English: 1,671^st place)

ethnologue.com (Global: 354^th place; English: 413^th place)

europa.eu (Global: 62^nd place; English: 100^th place)

forbes.ru (Global: 1,042^nd place; English: 3,604^th place)

gallup.com (Global: 3,519^th place; English: 2,509^th place)

geostat.ge (Global: 1,801^st place; English: 7,453^rd place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

google.com (Global: 109^th place; English: 87^th place)

gov.md (Global: 4,577^th place; English: 6,796^th place)

gramota.ru (Global: 3,007^th place; English: low place)

hokudai.ac.jp (Global: 4,984^th place; English: 5,778^th place)

irishtimes.com (Global: 252^nd place; English: 133^rd place)

jaxa.jp (Global: 3,149^th place; English: 4,634^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

justice.md (Global: 5,280^th place; English: low place)

lsm.lv (Global: 2,010^th place; English: 2,617^th place)

moe.gov.cn (Global: 5,584^th place; English: low place)

myjewishlearning.com (Global: 6,385^th place; English: 4,654^th place)

narod.ru (Global: 284^th place; English: 1,297^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

ohchr.org (Global: 1,204^th place; English: 1,164^th place)

proquest.com (Global: 121^st place; English: 59^th place)

rada.gov.ua (Global: 211^th place; English: 1,747^th place)

rbth.com (Global: 2,639^th place; English: 2,510^th place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 30^th place)

rferl.org (Global: 733^rd place; English: 555^th place)

ruslang.ru (Global: 4,348^th place; English: low place)

rutgers.edu (Global: 2,011^th place; English: 1,139^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

stat.gov.lt (Global: 1,229^th place; English: 5,678^th place)

statista.com (Global: 1,214^th place; English: 1,277^th place)

taylorfrancis.com (Global: 1,902^nd place; English: 1,063^rd place)

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 40^th place; English: 27^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

un.org (Global: 117^th place; English: 160^th place)

unian.info (Global: 5,776^th place; English: 4,179^th place)

upload.wikimedia.org (Global: 1,245^th place; English: 1,259^th place)

utoronto.ca (Global: 1,483^rd place; English: 930^th place)

uu.se (Global: 3,445^th place; English: 3,148^th place)

vlada.cz (Global: 9,709^th place; English: low place)

vnexpress.net (Global: 787^th place; English: 1,929^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wikiwix.com (Global: 103^rd place; English: 872^nd place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)