Rye (English Wikipedia)

Walde A, Hofmann JB (1954). "secale". Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Latin Etymology Dictionary] (in German). Vol. 2 (3rd ed.). Heidelberg: Carl Winter. p. 504.

bakkerijmuseum.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

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"Triticale". Digital Herbarium of Crop Plants Establishment of Digital Herbarium and Herbal museum for Crop plant by Department of Crop Botany, BSMRAU. Retrieved May 4, 2024.

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docplayer.net (Global: low place; English: 7,520^th place)

Gyulai F (2014). "Archaeobotanical overview of rye (Secale cereale L.) in the Carpathian-basin I. from the beginning until the Roman age". Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science. 1 (2): 25–35. Archived from the original on December 31, 2019. Retrieved July 14, 2016. page 26.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Soreng RJ, Peterson PM, Romaschenko K, et al. (2017). "A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 55 (4): 259–290. Bibcode:2017JSyEv..55..259S. doi:10.1111/jse.12262. hdl:10261/240149. ISSN 1674-4918.
Hillman G, Hedges R, Moore A, et al. (2001). "New evidence of Lateglacial cereal cultivation at Abu Hureyra on the Euphrates". The Holocene. 11 (4): 383–393. Bibcode:2001Holoc..11..383H. doi:10.1191/095968301678302823. S2CID 84930632. Archived from the original on November 20, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
Colledge S, Conolly J (2010). "Reassessing the evidence for the cultivation of wild crops during the Younger Dryas at Tell Abu Hureyra, Syria". Environmental Archaeology. 15 (2): 124–138. Bibcode:2010EnvAr..15..124C. doi:10.1179/146141010X12640787648504. S2CID 129087203.
Yen C, Yang J (2024). "Biosystematics of Secale". Biosystematics of Triticeae. pp. 1–40. doi:10.1007/978-981-15-8057-4_1. ISBN 978-981-15-8056-7.
Hillman G (1978). "On the Origins of Domestic rye: Secale cereale: The Finds from Aceramic Can Hasan III in Turkey". Anatolian Studies. 28: 157–174. doi:10.2307/3642748. JSTOR 3642748. S2CID 85225244.(subscription required)
Sidhu J, Ramakrishnan SM, Shaukat A, et al. (2019). "Assessing the genetic diversity and characterizing genomic regions conferring Tan Spot resistance in cultivated rye". PLOS ONE. 14 (3) e0214519. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1414519S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0214519. PMC 6438500. PMID 30921415.
McElroy JS (2014). "Vavilovian Mimicry: Nikolai Vavilov and His Little-Known Impact on Weed Science". Weed Science. 62 (2): 207–216. Bibcode:2014WeedS..62..207M. doi:10.1614/ws-d-13-00122.1. S2CID 86549764.
Behre KE (1992). "The history of rye cultivation in Europe". Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 1 (3): 141. Bibcode:1992VegHA...1..141B. doi:10.1007/BF00191554. S2CID 129518700. Archived from the original on March 23, 2022. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
Jouki M, Emam-Djomeh Z, Khazaei N (2012). "Physical Properties of Whole Rye Seed (Secale cereal)". International Journal of Food Engineering. 8 (4). doi:10.1515/1556-3758.2054. S2CID 102003836.
Hon WC, Griffith M, Chong P, et al. (March 1, 1994). "Extraction and Isolation of Antifreeze Proteins from Winter Rye (Secale cereale L.) Leaves". Plant Physiology. 104 (3): 971–980. Bibcode:1994PlanP.104..971H. doi:10.1104/pp.104.3.971. PMC 160695. PMID 12232141.
Belser-Ehrlich S, Harper A, Hussey J, et al. (2013). "Human and cattle ergotism since 1900: Symptoms, outbreaks, and regulations". Toxicology and Industrial Health. 29 (4): 307–316. Bibcode:2013ToxIH..29..307B. doi:10.1177/0748233711432570. PMID 22903169.
Annika D, Young B, Berlin A, et al. (2022). "Addressing biohazards to food security in primary production". Food Security. 14 (6). Springer Nature: 1475–1497. doi:10.1007/s12571-022-01296-7. S2CID 250250761.
"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
Harris KA, Kris-Etherton PM (2010). "Effects of Whole Grains on Coronary Heart Disease Risk". Current Atherosclerosis Reports. 12 (6): 368–376. doi:10.1007/s11883-010-0136-1. PMID 20820954.
Williams P (September 2014). "The benefits of breakfast cereal consumption: a systematic review of the evidence base". Advances in Nutrition. 5 (5): 636S–673S. doi:10.3945/an.114.006247. PMC 4188247. PMID 25225349.
Tovoli F, Masi C, Guidetti E, et al. (March 16, 2015). "Clinical and diagnostic aspects of gluten related disorders". World Journal of Clinical Cases. 3 (3): 275–284. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v3.i3.275. PMC 4360499. PMID 25789300.
Pietzak M (January 2012). "Celiac Disease, Wheat Allergy, and Gluten Sensitivity". Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 36 (1 Supplement): 68S–75S. doi:10.1177/0148607111426276. PMID 22237879.
Suzuki Y, Esumi Y, Yamaguchi I (1999). "Structures of 5-alkylresorcinol-related analogues in rye". Phytochemistry. 52 (2): 281–289. Bibcode:1999PChem..52..281S. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00196-X.
Prättälä R, Helasoja V, Mykkänen H (2000). "The consumption of rye bread and white bread as dimensions of health lifestyles in Finland". Public Health Nutrition. 4 (3): 813–819. doi:10.1079/PHN2000120. PMID 11415489.
Faccini N, Morcia C, Terzi V, et al. (October 4, 2023). "Triticale in Italy". Biology. 12 (10): 1308. doi:10.3390/biology12101308. PMC 10603945. PMID 37887018.
Ribeiro M, Seabra L, Ramos A, et al. (April 1, 2012). "Polymorphism of the storage proteins in Portuguese rye (Secale cereale L.) populations". Hereditas. 149 (2): 72–84. doi:10.1111/j.1601-5223.2012.02239.x. ISSN 1601-5223. PMID 22568702.
Bauer E, Schmutzer T, Barilar I, et al. (March 1, 2017). "Towards a whole-genome sequence for rye (Secale cereale L.)". The Plant Journal. 89 (5): 853–869. Bibcode:2017PlJ....89..853B. doi:10.1111/tpj.13436. ISSN 1365-313X. PMID 27888547.
Rabanus-Wallace M, Stein N (2021). The Rye Genome. Springer Nature. pp. 85–100. ISBN 978-3-030-83383-1. which cites Li G, Wang L, Yang J, et al. (2021). "A high-quality genome assembly highlights rye genomic characteristics and agronomically important genes". Nature Genetics. 53 (4). Nature Portfolio: 574–584. Bibcode:2021NaGen..53..574L. doi:10.1038/s41588-021-00808-z. ISSN 1061-4036. PMC 8035075. PMID 33737755. S2CID 232298036.
Nguyen V, Fleury D, Timmins A, et al. (February 26, 2015). "Addition of rye chromosome 4R to wheat increases anther length and pollen grain number". Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 128 (5): 953–964. doi:10.1007/s00122-015-2482-4. ISSN 0040-5752. PMID 25716820. S2CID 16421403.
Herrera L, Gustavsson L, Åhman I (2017). "A systematic review of rye (Secale cereale L.) as a source of resistance to pathogens and pests in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)". Hereditas. 154 (1). BioMed Central: 1–9. doi:10.1186/s41065-017-0033-5. ISSN 1601-5223. PMC 5445327. PMID 28559761.
Ellis JG, Lagudah ES, Spielmeyer W, et al. (November 24, 2014). "The past, present and future of breeding rust resistant wheat". Frontiers in Plant Science. 5: 641. Bibcode:2014FrPS....5..641E. doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00641. PMC 4241819. PMID 25505474.
Sipos T, Halász E (April 25, 2007). "The role of perennial rye (Secale cereale × S. montanum) in sustainable agriculture". Cereal Research Communications. 35 (2): 1073–1075. doi:10.1556/CRC.35.2007.2.227. hdl:2437/4973.
Vallejos ME, Area MC (2017). "Xylitol as Bioproduct From the Agro and Forest Biorefinery". Food Bioconversion. Elsevier. pp. 411–432. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811413-1.00012-7. ISBN 978-0-12-811413-1.

eolss.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Willy H. Verheye, ed. (2010). "Growth and Production of Oat and Rye". Soils, Plant Growth and Crop Production Volume II. EOLSS Publishers. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-84826-368-0. Archived from the original on May 11, 2021. Retrieved December 4, 2020.

etymonline.com (Global: 669^th place; English: 670^th place)

"rye (n.)". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved May 4, 2024.

fao.org (Global: 428^th place; English: 480^th place)

"Rye production in 2023, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity/Year (pick lists)". UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT). 2025. Retrieved June 18, 2025.

fas.scot (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Growing Winter Rye in Scotland". Farm Advisory Service Scotland. May 10, 2023. Retrieved May 4, 2024.

fda.gov (Global: 470^th place; English: 329^th place)

fda.gov

United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 28, 2024.

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"21 CFR Part 101 [Docket No. 2004P-0512], Food Labeling: Health Claims; Soluble Dietary Fiber From Certain Foods and Coronary Heart Disease". US Food and Drug Administration. May 22, 2006. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2015.

hawaii.edu (Global: 1,313^th place; English: 884^th place)

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Wong GJ (1998). "Ergot of Rye: History". Botany 135 Syllabus. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Botany Department. Archived from the original on November 24, 2005. Retrieved July 12, 2016.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Soreng RJ, Peterson PM, Romaschenko K, et al. (2017). "A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 55 (4): 259–290. Bibcode:2017JSyEv..55..259S. doi:10.1111/jse.12262. hdl:10261/240149. ISSN 1674-4918.
Sipos T, Halász E (April 25, 2007). "The role of perennial rye (Secale cereale × S. montanum) in sustainable agriculture". Cereal Research Communications. 35 (2): 1073–1075. doi:10.1556/CRC.35.2007.2.227. hdl:2437/4973.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Hillman G (1978). "On the Origins of Domestic rye: Secale cereale: The Finds from Aceramic Can Hasan III in Turkey". Anatolian Studies. 28: 157–174. doi:10.2307/3642748. JSTOR 3642748. S2CID 85225244.(subscription required)

korjaustaito.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

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ergot Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, online medical dictionary

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Sidhu J, Ramakrishnan SM, Shaukat A, et al. (2019). "Assessing the genetic diversity and characterizing genomic regions conferring Tan Spot resistance in cultivated rye". PLOS ONE. 14 (3) e0214519. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1414519S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0214519. PMC 6438500. PMID 30921415.
Hon WC, Griffith M, Chong P, et al. (March 1, 1994). "Extraction and Isolation of Antifreeze Proteins from Winter Rye (Secale cereale L.) Leaves". Plant Physiology. 104 (3): 971–980. Bibcode:1994PlanP.104..971H. doi:10.1104/pp.104.3.971. PMC 160695. PMID 12232141.
Belser-Ehrlich S, Harper A, Hussey J, et al. (2013). "Human and cattle ergotism since 1900: Symptoms, outbreaks, and regulations". Toxicology and Industrial Health. 29 (4): 307–316. Bibcode:2013ToxIH..29..307B. doi:10.1177/0748233711432570. PMID 22903169.
"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
Harris KA, Kris-Etherton PM (2010). "Effects of Whole Grains on Coronary Heart Disease Risk". Current Atherosclerosis Reports. 12 (6): 368–376. doi:10.1007/s11883-010-0136-1. PMID 20820954.
Williams P (September 2014). "The benefits of breakfast cereal consumption: a systematic review of the evidence base". Advances in Nutrition. 5 (5): 636S–673S. doi:10.3945/an.114.006247. PMC 4188247. PMID 25225349.
Tovoli F, Masi C, Guidetti E, et al. (March 16, 2015). "Clinical and diagnostic aspects of gluten related disorders". World Journal of Clinical Cases. 3 (3): 275–284. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v3.i3.275. PMC 4360499. PMID 25789300.
Pietzak M (January 2012). "Celiac Disease, Wheat Allergy, and Gluten Sensitivity". Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 36 (1 Supplement): 68S–75S. doi:10.1177/0148607111426276. PMID 22237879.
Prättälä R, Helasoja V, Mykkänen H (2000). "The consumption of rye bread and white bread as dimensions of health lifestyles in Finland". Public Health Nutrition. 4 (3): 813–819. doi:10.1079/PHN2000120. PMID 11415489.
Faccini N, Morcia C, Terzi V, et al. (October 4, 2023). "Triticale in Italy". Biology. 12 (10): 1308. doi:10.3390/biology12101308. PMC 10603945. PMID 37887018.
Ribeiro M, Seabra L, Ramos A, et al. (April 1, 2012). "Polymorphism of the storage proteins in Portuguese rye (Secale cereale L.) populations". Hereditas. 149 (2): 72–84. doi:10.1111/j.1601-5223.2012.02239.x. ISSN 1601-5223. PMID 22568702.
Bauer E, Schmutzer T, Barilar I, et al. (March 1, 2017). "Towards a whole-genome sequence for rye (Secale cereale L.)". The Plant Journal. 89 (5): 853–869. Bibcode:2017PlJ....89..853B. doi:10.1111/tpj.13436. ISSN 1365-313X. PMID 27888547.
Rabanus-Wallace M, Stein N (2021). The Rye Genome. Springer Nature. pp. 85–100. ISBN 978-3-030-83383-1. which cites Li G, Wang L, Yang J, et al. (2021). "A high-quality genome assembly highlights rye genomic characteristics and agronomically important genes". Nature Genetics. 53 (4). Nature Portfolio: 574–584. Bibcode:2021NaGen..53..574L. doi:10.1038/s41588-021-00808-z. ISSN 1061-4036. PMC 8035075. PMID 33737755. S2CID 232298036.
Nguyen V, Fleury D, Timmins A, et al. (February 26, 2015). "Addition of rye chromosome 4R to wheat increases anther length and pollen grain number". Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 128 (5): 953–964. doi:10.1007/s00122-015-2482-4. ISSN 0040-5752. PMID 25716820. S2CID 16421403.
Herrera L, Gustavsson L, Åhman I (2017). "A systematic review of rye (Secale cereale L.) as a source of resistance to pathogens and pests in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)". Hereditas. 154 (1). BioMed Central: 1–9. doi:10.1186/s41065-017-0033-5. ISSN 1601-5223. PMC 5445327. PMID 28559761.
Ellis JG, Lagudah ES, Spielmeyer W, et al. (November 24, 2014). "The past, present and future of breeding rust resistant wheat". Frontiers in Plant Science. 5: 641. Bibcode:2014FrPS....5..641E. doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00641. PMC 4241819. PMID 25505474.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Sidhu J, Ramakrishnan SM, Shaukat A, et al. (2019). "Assessing the genetic diversity and characterizing genomic regions conferring Tan Spot resistance in cultivated rye". PLOS ONE. 14 (3) e0214519. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1414519S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0214519. PMC 6438500. PMID 30921415.
Hon WC, Griffith M, Chong P, et al. (March 1, 1994). "Extraction and Isolation of Antifreeze Proteins from Winter Rye (Secale cereale L.) Leaves". Plant Physiology. 104 (3): 971–980. Bibcode:1994PlanP.104..971H. doi:10.1104/pp.104.3.971. PMC 160695. PMID 12232141.
"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
Williams P (September 2014). "The benefits of breakfast cereal consumption: a systematic review of the evidence base". Advances in Nutrition. 5 (5): 636S–673S. doi:10.3945/an.114.006247. PMC 4188247. PMID 25225349.
Tovoli F, Masi C, Guidetti E, et al. (March 16, 2015). "Clinical and diagnostic aspects of gluten related disorders". World Journal of Clinical Cases. 3 (3): 275–284. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v3.i3.275. PMC 4360499. PMID 25789300.
Faccini N, Morcia C, Terzi V, et al. (October 4, 2023). "Triticale in Italy". Biology. 12 (10): 1308. doi:10.3390/biology12101308. PMC 10603945. PMID 37887018.
Rabanus-Wallace M, Stein N (2021). The Rye Genome. Springer Nature. pp. 85–100. ISBN 978-3-030-83383-1. which cites Li G, Wang L, Yang J, et al. (2021). "A high-quality genome assembly highlights rye genomic characteristics and agronomically important genes". Nature Genetics. 53 (4). Nature Portfolio: 574–584. Bibcode:2021NaGen..53..574L. doi:10.1038/s41588-021-00808-z. ISSN 1061-4036. PMC 8035075. PMID 33737755. S2CID 232298036.
Herrera L, Gustavsson L, Åhman I (2017). "A systematic review of rye (Secale cereale L.) as a source of resistance to pathogens and pests in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)". Hereditas. 154 (1). BioMed Central: 1–9. doi:10.1186/s41065-017-0033-5. ISSN 1601-5223. PMC 5445327. PMID 28559761.
Ellis JG, Lagudah ES, Spielmeyer W, et al. (November 24, 2014). "The past, present and future of breeding rust resistant wheat". Frontiers in Plant Science. 5: 641. Bibcode:2014FrPS....5..641E. doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00641. PMC 4241819. PMID 25505474.

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

plantvillage.psu.edu

"Rye". PlantVillage. Retrieved May 4, 2024.

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

Hillman G, Hedges R, Moore A, et al. (2001). "New evidence of Lateglacial cereal cultivation at Abu Hureyra on the Euphrates". The Holocene. 11 (4): 383–393. Bibcode:2001Holoc..11..383H. doi:10.1191/095968301678302823. S2CID 84930632. Archived from the original on November 20, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2016.

secan.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"AC Hazlet" (PDF). SeCAN. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved November 28, 2014.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Hillman G, Hedges R, Moore A, et al. (2001). "New evidence of Lateglacial cereal cultivation at Abu Hureyra on the Euphrates". The Holocene. 11 (4): 383–393. Bibcode:2001Holoc..11..383H. doi:10.1191/095968301678302823. S2CID 84930632. Archived from the original on November 20, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
Colledge S, Conolly J (2010). "Reassessing the evidence for the cultivation of wild crops during the Younger Dryas at Tell Abu Hureyra, Syria". Environmental Archaeology. 15 (2): 124–138. Bibcode:2010EnvAr..15..124C. doi:10.1179/146141010X12640787648504. S2CID 129087203.
Hillman G (1978). "On the Origins of Domestic rye: Secale cereale: The Finds from Aceramic Can Hasan III in Turkey". Anatolian Studies. 28: 157–174. doi:10.2307/3642748. JSTOR 3642748. S2CID 85225244.(subscription required)
McElroy JS (2014). "Vavilovian Mimicry: Nikolai Vavilov and His Little-Known Impact on Weed Science". Weed Science. 62 (2): 207–216. Bibcode:2014WeedS..62..207M. doi:10.1614/ws-d-13-00122.1. S2CID 86549764.
Behre KE (1992). "The history of rye cultivation in Europe". Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 1 (3): 141. Bibcode:1992VegHA...1..141B. doi:10.1007/BF00191554. S2CID 129518700. Archived from the original on March 23, 2022. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
Jouki M, Emam-Djomeh Z, Khazaei N (2012). "Physical Properties of Whole Rye Seed (Secale cereal)". International Journal of Food Engineering. 8 (4). doi:10.1515/1556-3758.2054. S2CID 102003836.
Annika D, Young B, Berlin A, et al. (2022). "Addressing biohazards to food security in primary production". Food Security. 14 (6). Springer Nature: 1475–1497. doi:10.1007/s12571-022-01296-7. S2CID 250250761.
Rabanus-Wallace M, Stein N (2021). The Rye Genome. Springer Nature. pp. 85–100. ISBN 978-3-030-83383-1. which cites Li G, Wang L, Yang J, et al. (2021). "A high-quality genome assembly highlights rye genomic characteristics and agronomically important genes". Nature Genetics. 53 (4). Nature Portfolio: 574–584. Bibcode:2021NaGen..53..574L. doi:10.1038/s41588-021-00808-z. ISSN 1061-4036. PMC 8035075. PMID 33737755. S2CID 232298036.
Nguyen V, Fleury D, Timmins A, et al. (February 26, 2015). "Addition of rye chromosome 4R to wheat increases anther length and pollen grain number". Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 128 (5): 953–964. doi:10.1007/s00122-015-2482-4. ISSN 0040-5752. PMID 25716820. S2CID 16421403.

strawcraftsmen.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

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tufts.edu (Global: 192^nd place; English: 165^th place)

perseus.tufts.edu

Pliny the Elder (1855) [c. 77–79]. The Natural History. Translated by Bostock J, Riley HT. London: Taylor and Francis (T&F). Book 18, Ch. 40. Archived from the original on January 6, 2017. Retrieved July 12, 2016 – via Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University.

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Rye (English Wikipedia)

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