SWAPO (English Wikipedia)

"Namibia: Apartheid, resistance and repression (1945–1966)". Electoral Institute for the Sustainability of Democracy in Africa. August 2009. Archived from the original on 20 April 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2011.

fes.de

library.fes.de

Tötemeyer, Gerhard (December 2007). "The Management of a Dominant Political Party system with particular reference to Namibia" (PDF). Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2019.

global-briefing.org

Whiting, Nicky (9 February 2015). "Sand, San and sacred lands". Global. Global-briefing.org. Retrieved 25 February 2025. Swapo was originally a communist party but, in common with many other far-left ruling parties in other parts of Africa, it has moved to the centre and now supports private ownership, enterprise and investment.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Gewald, Jan-Bart (September 2004). "Who Killed Clemens Kapuuo?" (PDF). Journal of Southern African Studies. 30 (3): 559–576. doi:10.1080/0305707042000254100. hdl:1887/4851. ISSN 0305-7070. S2CID 146448312. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 June 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014.

hartford-hwp.com

Dauth, Timothy (17 January 1995). "From Liberation Organisations to Ruling Parties: The ANC and SWAPO in Transition". NamNet Digest, Vol. 95, no. 3. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
Dauth, Timothy (17 January 1995). "From Liberation Organisations to Ruling Parties: The ANC and SWAPO in Transition". NamNet Digest, Vol. 95, no. 3. Archived from the original on 10 February 2011. Retrieved 9 June 2011.

irinnews.org

"NAMIBIA: Election expected to be low-key". IRIN. 2004. Archived from the original on 23 November 2006. Retrieved 9 November 2007.

journals.co.za

Tyson, Robin (January 2008). "The South African media's (re) colonisation of Namibia". Global Media Journal: African Edition. 2 (1): 66–79. doi:10.5789/2-1-35.

jstor.org

Rogers, Barbara (1972). "Namibia's General Strike". Africa Today. 19 (2): 3–8. ISSN 0001-9887. JSTOR 4185227.

kb.se

urn.kb.se

Soiri, Iina (May 1996). The Radical Motherhood: Namibian Women's Independence Struggle. Nordiska Afrikainstitutet Research Report, No 99. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet. ISBN 9789171063809.
Eriksen, Tore Linné. Norway and National Liberation in Southern Africa. p. 90.

klausdierks.com

"Klaus Dierks Chronology". klausdierks.com. Retrieved 13 April 2025. The OPO's reconstitution as SWAPO is triggered by national leaders such as Sam Nujoma, Mburumba Kerina, Andimba Toivo Ya Toivo, Jacob Kuhangua, Solomon Mifima, Paul Helmuth, Andreas Shipanga, Erasmus Erastus Mbumba, Emil Appolus, Maxton Joseph Mutongulume and Carlos Hamatu

leidenuniv.nl

openaccess.leidenuniv.nl

Gewald, Jan-Bart (September 2004). "Who Killed Clemens Kapuuo?" (PDF). Journal of Southern African Studies. 30 (3): 559–576. doi:10.1080/0305707042000254100. hdl:1887/4851. ISSN 0305-7070. S2CID 146448312. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 June 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014.

namibian.com.na

"Will Swapo's Socialism Come to 'Mixed Economy' Namibia?". The Namibian. Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
Iileka, Sakeus (9 November 2017). "Politburo approves sweeping changes". The Namibian. p. 1. Archived from the original on 12 November 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
Seibeb, Henny (12 May 2017). "Social Movements, Party Politics And Democracy In Namibia". The Namibian. Archived from the original on 13 October 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Aluteni, D. (7 December 2018). "Swapo, what is 'Socialism with a Namibian Character'?". The Namibian. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
Seibeb, Henny (12 May 2017). "Social Movements, Party Politics And Democracy In Namibia". The Namibian. Archived from the original on 13 October 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Immanuel, Shinovene; Shipanga, Selma (3 December 2012). "Moderates prevail". The Namibian. Archived from the original on 7 December 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
Immanuel, Shinovene (29 November 2017). "Govt is Swapo's cash cow". The Namibian. p. 1. Archived from the original on 29 November 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
"SWAPO distances itself from mouthpiece's Kameeta attack". The Namibian. 18 February 2003. Archived from the original on 31 July 2003.
Immanuel, Shinovene (26 February 2019). "Swapo ousts newspaper editor". The Namibian. p. 1. Archived from the original on 26 February 2019. Retrieved 26 February 2019.

namibiansun.com

"Socialism with Namibian characteristics". Namibian Sun. 17 January 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2020.

openedition.org

books.openedition.org

Zollmann, Jakob (2021). Socialismes en Afrique. 54. Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme. pp. 593–612. ISBN 9782735126996.

sahistory.org.za

"Formation of the South African Republic". South Africa History Online. Archived from the original on 16 August 2008. Retrieved 15 April 2011.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Gewald, Jan-Bart (September 2004). "Who Killed Clemens Kapuuo?" (PDF). Journal of Southern African Studies. 30 (3): 559–576. doi:10.1080/0305707042000254100. hdl:1887/4851. ISSN 0305-7070. S2CID 146448312. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 June 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014.

socialistinternational.org

"List of Socialist International parties in Africa". Socialist International. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013.

swapo-party.org

swapoparty.org

"Namibia Today (01 April 2011 - 07 April 2011)". SWAPO. Archived from the original on 9 October 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2024. Overview with hyperlinks to news articles in weekly of Namibia Today issues from August 7, 2009 - April 7, 2011.

swarthmore.edu

nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu

"Ovambo migrant workers general strike for rights, Namibia, 1971-72 | Global Nonviolent Action Database". nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu. Retrieved 6 March 2023.

theguardian.com

"Namibia election: president wins second term despite scandal and recession". The Guardian. 1 December 2019.

tripod.com

africanelections.tripod.com

"Elections in Namibia". Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2009.

vantaa.fi

Eerikäinen, Marjo (14 July 2008). "The South Africa Mandate 1915–1989". Vantaa. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011.

web.archive.org

"Will Swapo's Socialism Come to 'Mixed Economy' Namibia?". The Namibian. Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
Iileka, Sakeus (9 November 2017). "Politburo approves sweeping changes". The Namibian. p. 1. Archived from the original on 12 November 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
Tötemeyer, Gerhard (December 2007). "The Management of a Dominant Political Party system with particular reference to Namibia" (PDF). Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
Seibeb, Henny (12 May 2017). "Social Movements, Party Politics And Democracy In Namibia". The Namibian. Archived from the original on 13 October 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Eerikäinen, Marjo (14 July 2008). "The South Africa Mandate 1915–1989". Vantaa. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
"Formation of the South African Republic". South Africa History Online. Archived from the original on 16 August 2008. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
"Namibia: Apartheid, resistance and repression (1945–1966)". Electoral Institute for the Sustainability of Democracy in Africa. August 2009. Archived from the original on 20 April 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
"Country Profiles – Timeline: Namibia". BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 January 2009. Retrieved 8 December 2009.
Düsing, Sandra (2002). Traditional Leadership and Democratisation in Southern Africa: A Comparative Study of Botswana, Namibia, and Southern Africa. Studien zur Politikwissenschaft. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 125–126. ISBN 9783825850654. Archived from the original on 4 February 2018. Retrieved 3 February 2018 – via Google Books.
"NAMIBIA: Election expected to be low-key". IRIN. 2004. Archived from the original on 23 November 2006. Retrieved 9 November 2007.
"Elections in Namibia". Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2009.
Dauth, Timothy (17 January 1995). "From Liberation Organisations to Ruling Parties: The ANC and SWAPO in Transition". NamNet Digest, Vol. 95, no. 3. Archived from the original on 10 February 2011. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
Aluteni, D. (7 December 2018). "Swapo, what is 'Socialism with a Namibian Character'?". The Namibian. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
Seibeb, Henny (12 May 2017). "Social Movements, Party Politics And Democracy In Namibia". The Namibian. Archived from the original on 13 October 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Immanuel, Shinovene; Shipanga, Selma (3 December 2012). "Moderates prevail". The Namibian. Archived from the original on 7 December 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
Immanuel, Shinovene (29 November 2017). "Govt is Swapo's cash cow". The Namibian. p. 1. Archived from the original on 29 November 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
"SWAPO distances itself from mouthpiece's Kameeta attack". The Namibian. 18 February 2003. Archived from the original on 31 July 2003.
"Namibia Today (01 April 2011 - 07 April 2011)". SWAPO. Archived from the original on 9 October 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2024. Overview with hyperlinks to news articles in weekly of Namibia Today issues from August 7, 2009 - April 7, 2011.
Immanuel, Shinovene (26 February 2019). "Swapo ousts newspaper editor". The Namibian. p. 1. Archived from the original on 26 February 2019. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
"Church council's stance on detainees revives apartheid rhetoric, charges the NSHR", The Namibian, 18 November 2003
"Ex-detainee issue still runs deep", The Namibian, 4 October 2005
Gewald, Jan-Bart (September 2004). "Who Killed Clemens Kapuuo?" (PDF). Journal of Southern African Studies. 30 (3): 559–576. doi:10.1080/0305707042000254100. hdl:1887/4851. ISSN 0305-7070. S2CID 146448312. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 June 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Rogers, Barbara (1972). "Namibia's General Strike". Africa Today. 19 (2): 3–8. ISSN 0001-9887. JSTOR 4185227.
Gewald, Jan-Bart (September 2004). "Who Killed Clemens Kapuuo?" (PDF). Journal of Southern African Studies. 30 (3): 559–576. doi:10.1080/0305707042000254100. hdl:1887/4851. ISSN 0305-7070. S2CID 146448312. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 June 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014.