Salvadoran Civil War (English Wikipedia)

Haggerty, Richard A. (November 1988). "Foreign Military Influence and Assistance". El Salvador: A Country Study (PDF). Federal Research Division Library of Congress. pp. 223–224.

lcweb2.loc.gov

Library of Congress. Country Studies. El Salvador. Background to the Insurgency. [1]

markdanner.com

"The Truth of El Mozote" Archived 2012-11-15 at the Wayback Machine Mark Danner, The New Yorker, 1993

mined.gob.sv

Bernal Ramírez, Luis Guillermo & Quijano de Batres, Ana Elia, eds. (2009). Historia 2 El Salvador [History 2 El Salvador] (PDF). Historia El Salvador (in Spanish). El Salvador: Ministry of Education. ISBN 9789992363683. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2024.

monde-diplomatique.fr

Maurice Lemoine (19 March 2009). "El Salvador : des guérilleros au pouvoir". Le Monde Diplomatique. Retrieved 22 January 2017.

monografias.com

"El Salvador en los años 1920–1932" (in Spanish). 8 January 2007. Archived from the original on 15 September 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2008.

motherjones.com

"The Most Interesting Gubernatorial Candidate in the World" Mother Jones (magazine), 03/27/12

nacla.org

"'Removing the Veil': El Salvador Apologizes for State Violence on 20th Anniversary of Peace Accords". NACLA. Retrieved 2 March 2016.

news.google.com

"Salvadoran air force taking bigger role in war" Associated Press, 19 May 1984
"Salvadoran Troops Massacre Civilians" The Associated Press, 29 January 1982

newsbank.com

nl.newsbank.com

"philly.com: The Philadelphia Inquirer Historical Archive (1860–1922)". Archived from the original on 18 February 2019 – via nl.newsbank.com.
"How U.S. Advisers Run the War in El Salvador" The Philadelphia Inquirer, 29 May 1983
"U.S.-backed strategy creates militias, free-fire zones" Dallas Morning News, 21 January 1985

nsarchive.wordpress.com

"The Right to Information is the Right to Justice: Declassified Documents and the Assassination of the Jesuits in El Salvador" The National Security Archive, 16 November 2009

nytimes.com

"Guerillas regroup as Carter switches on Salvador arms". The New York Times. 25 January 1981.
"How U.S. Actions Helped Hide Salvador Human Rights Abuses" The New York Times, 21 March 1993
"Central Americans Feel Sting Of New U.S. Immigration Law" The New York Times, 19 April 1997
Lemoyne, James (22 April 1985). "Salvador Halts War for Inoculations". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 December 2022.
"School of the Dictators". The New York Times. 28 September 1996. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
The New York Times presented labor union wage demands as a challenge to the country and reported that ruling party politicians feared the resurgence of mass political organizations that had been destroyed by the government's violent repression. The National Federation of Trade Unions was "making tough wage demands", and Christian Democrats said they were "haunted by the memory of 1979, when the same groups were prominent in the near-anarchy that swept El Salvador." But "by mid-1980, the agitation dried up as many street activists joined the guerrillas and others disengaged out of fear for their lives, while the Government imposed the wage freeze and state of siege" amidst "accusations" of human rights abuses. The fear they said was that these subversive groups, who admitted their former affiliation with the political arm of the guerrillas, may try to reestablish the "mass organizations" that were destroyed by the violent repression of strikes and demonstrations in the early 1980s. "Newly Active Unions a Challenge for El Salvador" The New York Times, 16 July 1985
"Bombing at Salvadoran Leftists' Office Kills Eight" The New York Times, 1 November 1989
"Bombing at Salvadoran Leftists' Office Kills Eight" The New York Times, 11/01/89
"6 Priests Killed in a Campus Raid in San Salvador" The New York Times, 17 November 1989
"Salvadoran Justice Wears Out Patience" The New York Times, 13 May 1990
"After Parades and Promises, Duarte Flounders in Salvador". The New York Times. 16 February 1987. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
Lindsey Gruson (28 September 1987). "Land for Salvador's Poor: To Many, Bitter Victory". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2017.

orlandosentinel.com

"Amnesty Reports Increase In Death Squad Killings" The Orlando Sentinel, 24 October 1990

promotingpeace.org

"PEACE in Action – Peacemaking and Conflict Resolution". promotingpeace.org.

redalyc.org

2006 – Manuel Guedán – Carta del Director. Un Salvador violento celebra quince años de paz, article in Quorum. Journal of Latin American Thought, winter, number 016, University of Alcala, Madrid, Spain, pp. 6–11

researchgate.net

Pugh, Jeffrey (January 2009). "The Structure of Negotiation: Lessons from El Salvador for Contemporary Conflict Resolution". Negotiation Journal. 25 (1): 83–105. doi:10.1111/j.1571-9979.2008.00209.x.

reuters.com

"El Salvador's Funes apologizes for civil war abuses". Reuters. 16 January 2010. Retrieved 2 March 2016.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Oñate, Andrea (15 April 2011). "The Red Affair: FMLN–Cuban relations during the Salvadoran Civil War, 1981–92". Cold War History. 11 (2): 133–154. doi:10.1080/14682745.2010.545566. S2CID 153325313. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
Stokes, Doug (9 August 2006). "Countering the Soviet Threat? An Analysis of the Justifications for US Military Assistance to El Salvador, 1979–92". Cold War History. 3 (3): 79–102. doi:10.1080/14682740312331391628. S2CID 154097583. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
Taylor, Robert; Vanden, Harry (September 1982). "Defining Terrorism in El Salvador: La Matanza". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 463: 106–118. doi:10.1177/0002716282463001009. S2CID 145461772.
Green, Amelia Hoover (September 2017). "Armed group institutions and combatant socialization: Evidence from El Salvador". Journal of Peace Research. 54 (5): 687–700. doi:10.1177/0022343317715300. S2CID 117364772.

state.gov

spanish.state.gov

"Dirección de Asuntos del Hemisferio Occidental: Información general – El Salvador". U.S. State Department. 18 November 2004. Archived from the original on 17 March 2014.

2009-2017.state.gov

"El Salvador". U.S. Department of State.

statecraft.org

Michael McClintock (1992). Instruments of Statecraft: U.S. Guerilla Warfare, Counterinsurgency, and Counterterrorism, 1940–1990. Web project by Michael McClintock based on his 1992 book by the same name published by Pantheon Books, a division of Random House, Inc.

tandfonline.com

Oñate, Andrea (15 April 2011). "The Red Affair: FMLN–Cuban relations during the Salvadoran Civil War, 1981–92". Cold War History. 11 (2): 133–154. doi:10.1080/14682745.2010.545566. S2CID 153325313. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
Stokes, Doug (9 August 2006). "Countering the Soviet Threat? An Analysis of the Justifications for US Military Assistance to El Salvador, 1979–92". Cold War History. 3 (3): 79–102. doi:10.1080/14682740312331391628. S2CID 154097583. Retrieved 13 February 2023.

thedailybeast.com

Bonner, Raymond (9 November 2014). "Bringing El Salvador Nun Killers to Justice". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 16 January 2018.

thenation.com

Bonner, Raymond (15 April 2016). "Time for a US Apology to El Salvador". The Nation.

ucsb.edu

presidency.ucsb.edu

"Jimmy Carter: Archbishop Oscar Arnulfo Romero Statement on the Death of the Archbishop of San Salvador". ucsb.edu.

unhcr.org

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "Refworld – El Salvador: Human Rights Violations by the National Police during the Initial Years of the Civil War". Refworld.
"Human Rights Watch World Report 1992 – El Salvador" Human Rights Watch, 1 January 1992

unicef.org

"Children as zones of peace". UNICEF. 26 April 2021. Archived from the original on 26 April 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2022.

usip.org

"Truth Commission: El Salvador". 1 July 1992. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
Belisario Betancur, ed. (26 January 2001). From madness to hope: the 12-year war in El Salvador Part IV. Cases and patterns of violence (PDF) (Report). Reports: El Salvador, United States Institute of Peace. Truth Commissions Digital Collection. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 January 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
From Madness to Hope: the 12-year war in El Salvador: Report of the Commission on the Truth for El Salvador Archived 2011-01-08 at the Wayback Machine.

uu.se

ucdp.uu.se

"Chapultepec Peace Agreement" (PDF). UCDP. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
El Salvador, In Depth: Negotiating a settlement to the conflict. Uppsala Conflict Data Program Conflict Encyclopedia. Uppsala, Sweden: Uppsala University. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2013. While nothing of the aid delivered from the US in 1979 was earmarked for security purposes, the 1980 aid for security only summed US$6.2 million, close to two-thirds of the total aid in 1979.

vanderbilt.edu

my.vanderbilt.edu

Seligson, Mitchell A. & McElhinny, Vincent (1996). "Low Intensity Warfare, High-Intensity Death: The Demographic Impact of the Wars in El Salvador and Nicaragua" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies. 21 (42). Taylor & Francis: 211–241. ISSN 0826-3663. JSTOR 41799994. OCLC 9983726023. Retrieved 13 January 2025.
Seligson, Mitchell A.; McElhinny, Vincent. Low Intensity Warfare, High Intensity Death: The Demographic Impact of the Wars in El Salvador and Nicaragua (PDF). University of Pittsburgh.

washingtonpost.com

Graham, Bradley (6 May 1996). "Public Honors for Secret Combat". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
"Church Worker says Salvadoran Police Tortured Her". The Washington Post. 30 November 1989.

web.archive.org

Bernal Ramírez, Luis Guillermo & Quijano de Batres, Ana Elia, eds. (2009). Historia 2 El Salvador [History 2 El Salvador] (PDF). Historia El Salvador (in Spanish). El Salvador: Ministry of Education. ISBN 9789992363683. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
"Dirección de Asuntos del Hemisferio Occidental: Información general – El Salvador". U.S. State Department. 18 November 2004. Archived from the original on 17 March 2014.
El Salvador, In Depth: Negotiating a settlement to the conflict. Uppsala Conflict Data Program Conflict Encyclopedia. Uppsala, Sweden: Uppsala University. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2013. While nothing of the aid delivered from the US in 1979 was earmarked for security purposes, the 1980 aid for security only summed US$6.2 million, close to two-thirds of the total aid in 1979.
"philly.com: The Philadelphia Inquirer Historical Archive (1860–1922)". Archived from the original on 18 February 2019 – via nl.newsbank.com.
"El Salvador en los años 1920–1932" (in Spanish). 8 January 2007. Archived from the original on 15 September 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2008.
Armed Forces of El Salvador. "Revolución 1932" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 19 June 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2008.
"Guatemala and El Salvador: Latin America's worst human rights violators in 1980" Archived 2011-02-13 at the Wayback Machine The Council on Hemispheric Affairs
"The Truth of El Mozote" Archived 2012-11-15 at the Wayback Machine Mark Danner, The New Yorker, 1993
"Children as zones of peace". UNICEF. 26 April 2021. Archived from the original on 26 April 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2022.
"Rightists Deal U.S.-backed Duarte A Crushing Defeat" 27 March 1988
Lindsey Gruson (28 September 1987). "Land for Salvador's Poor: To Many, Bitter Victory". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
Amnesty Law Biggest Obstacle to Human Rights, Say Activists Archived 5 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine by Raúl Gutiérrez, Inter Press Service News Agency, 19 May 2007
Belisario Betancur, ed. (26 January 2001). From madness to hope: the 12-year war in El Salvador Part IV. Cases and patterns of violence (PDF) (Report). Reports: El Salvador, United States Institute of Peace. Truth Commissions Digital Collection. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 January 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
From Madness to Hope: the 12-year war in El Salvador: Report of the Commission on the Truth for El Salvador Archived 2011-01-08 at the Wayback Machine.
Jose Gutierrez: "The Killing of Herbert Anaya Sanabria" Archived 2007-09-30 at the Wayback Machine Green Left Online, 7 April 1993

worldbank.org

documents1.worldbank.org

Acosta, Pablo; Baez, Javier E.; Caruso, Germán & Carcach, Carlos (2023). "The Scars of Civil War: The Long-Term Welfare Effects of the Salvadoran Armed Conflict" (PDF). Economía. 22 (1). LSE Press: 203–217. ISSN 1529-7470. JSTOR 27302241. OCLC 10243911663. Retrieved 12 January 2025.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Graham, Bradley (6 May 1996). "Public Honors for Secret Combat". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
McClintock, Michael (1985). The American Connection: State Terror and Popular Resistance in El Salvador. Vol. 1. London, United Kingdom: Zed Books. ISBN 9780862322403. OCLC 1145770950. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
Torture in the Eighties: An Amnesty International Report. London, United Kingdom: Amnesty International. 1984. pp. 155–158. ISBN 9780939994069. OCLC 1036878685. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
Acosta, Pablo; Baez, Javier E.; Caruso, Germán & Carcach, Carlos (2023). "The Scars of Civil War: The Long-Term Welfare Effects of the Salvadoran Armed Conflict" (PDF). Economía. 22 (1). LSE Press: 203–217. ISSN 1529-7470. JSTOR 27302241. OCLC 10243911663. Retrieved 12 January 2025.
Ram, Susan (1983). "El Salvador: Perspectives on a Revolutionary Civil War". Social Scientist. 11 (8). Social Scientist: 3–38. doi:10.2307/3517048. ISSN 0970-0293. JSTOR 3517048. OCLC 5546270152.
Doucette, John W. (1999). U.S. Air Force lessons in Counterinsurgency: Exposing Voids in Doctrinal Guidance. Air University Press. pp. 39–60. JSTOR resrep13838. OCLC 831719036.
Hoover Green, Amelia (2017). "Armed Group Institutions and Combatant Socialization: Evidence from El Salvador". Journal of Peace Research. 54 (5). Sage Publishing: 687–700. doi:10.1177/0022343317715300. ISSN 0022-3433. JSTOR 48590496. OCLC 7126356262.
Hoover Green, Amelia & Ball, Patrick (2019). "Civilian Killings and Disappearances During Civil War in El Salvador (1980–1992)" (PDF). Demographic Research. 41 (27). Max Planck Society: 781–814. doi:10.4054/DemRes.2019.41.27. ISSN 1435-9871. JSTOR 26850667. OCLC 8512899425. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
Seligson, Mitchell A. & McElhinny, Vincent (1996). "Low Intensity Warfare, High-Intensity Death: The Demographic Impact of the Wars in El Salvador and Nicaragua" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies. 21 (42). Taylor & Francis: 211–241. ISSN 0826-3663. JSTOR 41799994. OCLC 9983726023. Retrieved 13 January 2025.
Lindo Fuentes, Héctor; Ching, Erik K. & Lara Martínez, Rafael A. (2007). Remembering a Massacre in El Salvador: The Insurrection of 1932, Roque Dalton, and the Politics of Historical Memory. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 9780826336040. OCLC 122424174. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
Jones, Seth G.; Oliker, Olga; Chalk, Peter; Fair, C. Christine; Lal, Rollie & Dobbins, James (2006). Securing Tyrants or Fostering Reform? U.S. Internal Security Assistance to Repressive and Transitioning Regimes (1 ed.). Santa Monica, California: RAND Corporation. pp. 23–48. doi:10.7249/mg550osi. ISBN 9780833042620. JSTOR 10.7249/mg550osi. OCLC 184843895.
"School of the Dictators". The New York Times. 28 September 1996. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 30 July 2019.

yahoo.com

news.yahoo.com

Daniel Woolls, Associated Press. "El Salvador massacre case filed in Spanish court". 13 November 2008. Retrieved 14 November 2008.