Samurai (English Wikipedia)

Shigekazu, Kondo (2021). "The "Horse-Race" for the Throne: Court, Shogunate, and Imperial Succession in Early Medieval Japan". Die 'Alleinherrschaft' der russischen Zaren in der 'Zeit der Wirren' in transkultureller Perspektive ["The 'Horse-Race' for the Throne: Court, Shogunate, and Imperial Succession in Early Medieval Japan,"]. Göttingen: V&R unipress. p. 105. doi:10.14220/9783737012416.105. ISBN 978-3-8471-1241-9.
Conlan, Thomas (2020). The Rise of Warriors During the Warring States eriod. Stockholm: Axel and Margarate Ax:son Johnson Foundation. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)CS1 maint: publisher location (link)

amazon.com

歴史人 September 2020. pp.40–41. ASIN B08DGRWN98

archive.org

Reed, Sir Edward James (17 April 1880). Japan: Its History, Traditions, and Religions: With the Narrative of a Visit in 1879. J. Murray. p. 291 – via Internet Archive. tokimune behead.
Noel Perrin (1979). Giving up the gun: Japan's reversion to the sword, 1543-1879. David R Godine. pp. 17–28. ISBN 978-0-87923-773-8. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
An 1860 British rifle training manual, Drill and Rifle Instruction for the Corps of Rifle Volunteers, on p. 75 recommends one week of drilling followed by one week of target practice.

archives.go.jp

関ヶ原の戦い (in Japanese). National Archives of Japan. Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 9 March 2024.

asahi.com

dot.asahi.com

豊臣秀吉はなぜ「征夷大将軍」ではなく「関白」になったのか——秀吉をめぐる「三つのなぜ」 (in Japanese). The Asahi Shimbun. 24 September 2023. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 29 February 2024.

asianetworkexchange.org

*Moscardi, Nino. "The "Badass" Samurai in Japanese Pop Culture". Samurai-Archives. Archived from the original on 19 March 2014.
- Ravina, Mark (1 October 2010). "Fantasies of Valor: Legends of the Samurai in Japan and the United States". ASIANetwork Exchange. 18 (1): 80–99. doi:10.16995/ane.200.^{[permanent dead link]}

asianstudies.org

Karl, Friday. "Once and Future Warriors: The Samurai in Japanese History". Association for Asian Studies.

books.google.com

Vaporis, Constantine Nomikos (14 March 2019). Samurai An Encyclopedia of Japan's Cultured Warriors. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9798216141518.
Ikegami, Eiko (1997). The Taming of the Samurai Honorific Individualism and the Making of Modern Japan. Harvard University Press. pp. 146–147. ISBN 9780674254664.
Turnbull, Stephan (2021). The Lost Samurai. Pen & Sword Books. ISBN 9781526758996.
Varshavskaya, Elena (2021). Heroes of the Grand Pacification: Kuniyoshi's Taiheiki eiyū den. Brill. p. 26. ISBN 978-90-04-48918-9.
Murphy, Taggart (2014). Japan and the Shackles of the Past. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 46. ISBN 978-0190619589.
Murphy, Taggart (2014). Japan and the Shackles of the Past. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 37. ISBN 978-0190619589.
Murphy, Taggart (2014). Japan and the Shackles of the Past. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 46. ISBN 978-0190619589.
Daisetz Teitarō Suzuki (1938). Zen and Japanese culture. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-01770-9. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Turnbull, Stephen (2012). Samurai Women 1184–1877. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78096-333-4.

bootcampmilitaryfitnessinstitute.com

"What is the Imjin War (1592-1598)? - Boot Camp & Military Fitness Institute". bootcampmilitaryfitnessinstitute.com. 16 December 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2023.

denofgeek.us

*Marc Buxton (26 July 2013). "Villains of The Wolverine: Silver Samurai and Viper". Den of Geek. Archived from the original on 9 January 2015.
- Denison, Rayna (27 May 2011). "Transcultural creativity in anime: Hybrid identities in the production, distribution, texts and fandom of Japanese anime". Creative Industries Journal. 3 (3): 221–235. doi:10.1386/cij.3.3.221_1. ISSN 1751-0694. S2CID 143210545.

doi.org

Spafford, David (2014). "Emperor and Shogun, Pope and King: The Development of Japan's Warrior Aristocracy". Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts. 88 (1/4): 10–19. doi:10.1086/DIA43493624. JSTOR 43493624.
Shigekazu, Kondo (2021). "The "Horse-Race" for the Throne: Court, Shogunate, and Imperial Succession in Early Medieval Japan". Die 'Alleinherrschaft' der russischen Zaren in der 'Zeit der Wirren' in transkultureller Perspektive ["The 'Horse-Race' for the Throne: Court, Shogunate, and Imperial Succession in Early Medieval Japan,"]. Göttingen: V&R unipress. p. 105. doi:10.14220/9783737012416.105. ISBN 978-3-8471-1241-9.
Wert, Michael (1 April 2021), "Becoming those who served", Samurai: A Very Short Introduction (1 ed.), Oxford University Press, pp. 4–11, doi:10.1093/actrade/9780190685072.003.0002, ISBN 978-0-19-068507-2, retrieved 5 July 2024
Craig, Albert (February 1959). "The Restoration Movement in Chōshū". The Journal of Asian Studies. 18 (2): 187–197. doi:10.2307/2941681. JSTOR 2941681.
Sharf 1993, p. 12. Sharf, Robert H. (August 1993). "The Zen of Japanese Nationalism". History of Religions. 33 (1). University of Chicago Press: 1–43. doi:10.1086/463354. S2CID 161535877.
*Marc Buxton (26 July 2013). "Villains of The Wolverine: Silver Samurai and Viper". Den of Geek. Archived from the original on 9 January 2015.
- Denison, Rayna (27 May 2011). "Transcultural creativity in anime: Hybrid identities in the production, distribution, texts and fandom of Japanese anime". Creative Industries Journal. 3 (3): 221–235. doi:10.1386/cij.3.3.221_1. ISSN 1751-0694. S2CID 143210545.
- *Moscardi, Nino. "The "Badass" Samurai in Japanese Pop Culture". Samurai-Archives. Archived from the original on 19 March 2014.
  - Ravina, Mark (1 October 2010). "Fantasies of Valor: Legends of the Samurai in Japan and the United States". ASIANetwork Exchange. 18 (1): 80–99. doi:10.16995/ane.200.^{[permanent dead link]}

ejrcf.or.jp

"Train Driver and Master Iaido Swordsman" (PDF). Japan Railway & Transport Review. September 1997. pp. 48–49.
"According to Kawaguchi, it requires some 3 years to learn to handle the sword with natural ease, and no less than 10 years to tentatively master all aspects of the art."

gendai.media

意外と知らない「下剋上」とは一体何か？戦国時代の「主殺し」の実像 3/4 (in Japanese). Kodansha. 18 June 2021. Archived from the original on 7 March 2024. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
意外と知らない「下剋上」とは一体何か？戦国時代の「主殺し」の実像 4/4 (in Japanese). Kodansha. 18 June 2021. Archived from the original on 7 March 2024. Retrieved 7 March 2024.

google.be

books.google.be

In Questions on the Instruction of Musketry and the Hythe Papers (1862), Elphinstone Waters Begbie rhetorically poses the question "How many days ought the rifle-carbine training of the Royal Artillery recruits to occupy?". In the accompanying answer booklet, Begbie answers: "Fifteen working days"

hirogin.co.jp

「異国で王になった男」山田長政. The Hiroshima Bank (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 24 August 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2024.

hyogo.lg.jp

rekihaku.pref.hyogo.lg.jp

甲冑の種類と変遷 (in Japanese). Hyōgo Prefectural Museum of History. Archived from the original on 19 February 2025. Retrieved 3 June 2025.

imidas.jp

武士（ぶし）／侍（さむらい） (in Japanese). Shūeisha. Archived from the original on 19 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.

japaaan.com

mag.japaaan.com

Akio Tsunoda (19 November 2020). 最長で200年説も！戦国時代とはいつからいつまでを指すのか？諸説をまとめました (in Japanese). Shōgakukan. Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.

japanknowledge.com

戦国時代 (in Japanese). Japan Knowledge. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
豊臣秀次 (in Japanese). Japan Knowledge. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2024.

jst.go.jp

jstage.jst.go.jp

天正拾九年六月廿三日付豊臣秀次条目について (in Japanese). J-STAGE/Aichi Prefecture. p. 126. Archived from the original on 19 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
Relationship of Japan and the Netherlands in Asia Market in 17th Century and Today (in Japanese). Wako University/J Stage. pp. 61–67. Archived from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 14 February 2024.

jstor.org

Spafford, David (2014). "Emperor and Shogun, Pope and King: The Development of Japan's Warrior Aristocracy". Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts. 88 (1/4): 10–19. doi:10.1086/DIA43493624. JSTOR 43493624.
Craig, Albert (February 1959). "The Restoration Movement in Chōshū". The Journal of Asian Studies. 18 (2): 187–197. doi:10.2307/2941681. JSTOR 2941681.

kamakura-burabura.com

"常立寺". www.kamakura-burabura.com.

kcpinternational.com

Yasuka (24 July 2017). "The Imjin War | KCP International Japanese Language School". KCP International. Retrieved 28 June 2023. Hideyoshi needed passage through Korea to get to China. But with Korea refusing his demands, he led a large army of about 160,000 men, landing at the tip of the peninsula then moving northwards.

kokugakuin.ac.jp

神社と深くつながる「蹴鞠」 (in Japanese). Kokugakuin University. 16 February 2018. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2024.

kyotojournal.org

"Formative Memory: The Thirteenth-Century Mongolian Invasions and Their Impact on Japan". Kyoto Journal. 26 April 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2020.

latimes.com

Charles Solomon, "Way of the sword" Los Angeles Times Feb 2, 2009

meijishowa.com

"08-09 (1871) Japan Abolishes the Samurai Topknot | MeijiShowa - Vintage Images of Japan".

nabunken.go.jp

sitereports.nabunken.go.jp

Nagano Prefectural Museum of History (1 March 2005). "たたかう人びと". Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan. Retrieved 2 September 2016.

ndl.go.jp

世界を見たサムライ達 (in Japanese). National Diet Library. Archived from the original on 23 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2024.

nohgaku.or.jp

能楽と歴史について (in Japanese). The Nohgaku Performers' Association. 16 February 2018. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 27 April 2024.

ocha.ac.jp

cf.ocha.ac.jp

近世後期の江戸における武家の養子と身分滝沢馬琴を事例に (PDF) (in Japanese). Ochanomizu University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.

oup.com

academic.oup.com

Wert, Michael (1 April 2021), "Becoming those who served", Samurai: A Very Short Introduction (1 ed.), Oxford University Press, pp. 4–11, doi:10.1093/actrade/9780190685072.003.0002, ISBN 978-0-19-068507-2, retrieved 5 July 2024

researchgate.net

Morillo, Stephen. “Milites, Knights and Samurai: Military Terminology, Comparative History, and the Problem of Translation.” In The Normans and Their Adversaries at War, ed. Richard Abels and Bernard Bachrach, 167–84. Woodbridge: Boydell, 2001. "Finally there is the term samurai. This noun derives from the verb saburau, to serve, and it is again a social marker, though it marks social function and not class, It means a retainer of a lord - usually, in the sixteenth century, the retainer of a daimyo, a leader of one of the essentially independent states of the Sengoku, or warring states period. It has no functional component - all sorts of soldiers, including pikemen, bowmen, musketeers and horsemen were samurai"

samurai-archives.com

*Moscardi, Nino. "The "Badass" Samurai in Japanese Pop Culture". Samurai-Archives. Archived from the original on 19 March 2014.
- Ravina, Mark (1 October 2010). "Fantasies of Valor: Legends of the Samurai in Japan and the United States". ASIANetwork Exchange. 18 (1): 80–99. doi:10.16995/ane.200.^{[permanent dead link]}

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Sharf 1993, p. 12. Sharf, Robert H. (August 1993). "The Zen of Japanese Nationalism". History of Religions. 33 (1). University of Chicago Press: 1–43. doi:10.1086/463354. S2CID 161535877.
*Marc Buxton (26 July 2013). "Villains of The Wolverine: Silver Samurai and Viper". Den of Geek. Archived from the original on 9 January 2015.
- Denison, Rayna (27 May 2011). "Transcultural creativity in anime: Hybrid identities in the production, distribution, texts and fandom of Japanese anime". Creative Industries Journal. 3 (3): 221–235. doi:10.1386/cij.3.3.221_1. ISSN 1751-0694. S2CID 143210545.

touken-world.jp

胴丸・腹当・腹巻 (in Japanese). The Nagoya Japanese Swords Museum Nagoya Touken World. Archived from the original on 28 May 2025. Retrieved 3 June 2025.
守護大名と戦国武将 (in Japanese). The Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World. Archived from the original on 17 March 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
守護大名と戦国武将の違い (in Japanese). The Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World. Archived from the original on 17 March 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
武士の生活 (in Japanese). The Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World. Archived from the original on 27 April 2024. Retrieved 27 April 2024.

toyokeizai.net

鎌倉幕府は何年に成立？正解を言えますか (in Japanese). Toyo keizai. 9 June 2016. Archived from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
新説！豊臣家を滅ぼした｢組織運営｣の大失敗 (in Japanese). Toyo Keizai. 22 May 2016. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2024.

web.archive.org

甲冑の種類と変遷 (in Japanese). Hyōgo Prefectural Museum of History. Archived from the original on 19 February 2025. Retrieved 3 June 2025.
胴丸・腹当・腹巻 (in Japanese). The Nagoya Japanese Swords Museum Nagoya Touken World. Archived from the original on 28 May 2025. Retrieved 3 June 2025.
鎌倉幕府は何年に成立？正解を言えますか (in Japanese). Toyo keizai. 9 June 2016. Archived from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
式正の鎧・大鎧 Costume Museum
胴丸・腹当・腹巻. Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World.
天皇陵. Imperial Household Agency
守護大名と戦国武将 (in Japanese). The Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World. Archived from the original on 17 March 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
甲冑の歴史（南北朝時代～室町時代） Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World.
Akio Tsunoda (19 November 2020). 最長で200年説も！戦国時代とはいつからいつまでを指すのか？諸説をまとめました (in Japanese). Shōgakukan. Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
戦国時代 (in Japanese). Japan Knowledge. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
意外と知らない「下剋上」とは一体何か？戦国時代の「主殺し」の実像 3/4 (in Japanese). Kodansha. 18 June 2021. Archived from the original on 7 March 2024. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
意外と知らない「下剋上」とは一体何か？戦国時代の「主殺し」の実像 4/4 (in Japanese). Kodansha. 18 June 2021. Archived from the original on 7 March 2024. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
守護大名と戦国武将の違い (in Japanese). The Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World. Archived from the original on 17 March 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
豊臣秀吉はなぜ「征夷大将軍」ではなく「関白」になったのか——秀吉をめぐる「三つのなぜ」 (in Japanese). The Asahi Shimbun. 24 September 2023. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
Basic knowledge of naginata and nagamaki. Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum, Touken World
Arms for battle – spears, swords, bows. Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum, Touken World
日本の甲冑 Costume Museum
天正拾九年六月廿三日付豊臣秀次条目について (in Japanese). J-STAGE/Aichi Prefecture. p. 126. Archived from the original on 19 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
関ヶ原の戦い (in Japanese). National Archives of Japan. Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
豊臣秀次 (in Japanese). Japan Knowledge. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
新説！豊臣家を滅ぼした｢組織運営｣の大失敗 (in Japanese). Toyo Keizai. 22 May 2016. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
どうして豊臣政権は短命だったのか？存続のカギは弟・豊臣秀長が握っていた (in Japanese). Yahoo News. 1 September 2023. Archived from the original on 10 March 2024. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
武士（ぶし）／侍（さむらい） (in Japanese). Shūeisha. Archived from the original on 19 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
近世後期の江戸における武家の養子と身分滝沢馬琴を事例に (PDF) (in Japanese). Ochanomizu University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
"Japanese Mercenaries and the Dutch East India Company". World History Commons. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
Relationship of Japan and the Netherlands in Asia Market in 17th Century and Today (in Japanese). Wako University/J Stage. pp. 61–67. Archived from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
「異国で王になった男」山田長政. The Hiroshima Bank (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 24 August 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
"Faithful legacy of the 'samurai ambassador'". 16 March 2021. Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
世界を見たサムライ達 (in Japanese). National Diet Library. Archived from the original on 23 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
武士の生活 (in Japanese). The Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World. Archived from the original on 27 April 2024. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
神社と深くつながる「蹴鞠」 (in Japanese). Kokugakuin University. 16 February 2018. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
能楽と歴史について (in Japanese). The Nohgaku Performers' Association. 16 February 2018. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
*Marc Buxton (26 July 2013). "Villains of The Wolverine: Silver Samurai and Viper". Den of Geek. Archived from the original on 9 January 2015.
- Denison, Rayna (27 May 2011). "Transcultural creativity in anime: Hybrid identities in the production, distribution, texts and fandom of Japanese anime". Creative Industries Journal. 3 (3): 221–235. doi:10.1386/cij.3.3.221_1. ISSN 1751-0694. S2CID 143210545.
- *Moscardi, Nino. "The "Badass" Samurai in Japanese Pop Culture". Samurai-Archives. Archived from the original on 19 March 2014.
  - Ravina, Mark (1 October 2010). "Fantasies of Valor: Legends of the Samurai in Japan and the United States". ASIANetwork Exchange. 18 (1): 80–99. doi:10.16995/ane.200.^{[permanent dead link]}

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Wert, Michael (1 February 2021). Samurai: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 35, 84. ISBN 978-0-19-068510-2. OCLC 1202732830.
*Marc Buxton (26 July 2013). "Villains of The Wolverine: Silver Samurai and Viper". Den of Geek. Archived from the original on 9 January 2015.
- Denison, Rayna (27 May 2011). "Transcultural creativity in anime: Hybrid identities in the production, distribution, texts and fandom of Japanese anime". Creative Industries Journal. 3 (3): 221–235. doi:10.1386/cij.3.3.221_1. ISSN 1751-0694. S2CID 143210545.

worldhistory.org

Cartwright, Mark. "The Japanese Invasion of Korea, 1592-8 CE". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 28 June 2023. One of the largest military operations ever undertaken in East Asia prior to the 20th century CE
Cartwright, Mark. "The Japanese Invasion of Korea, 1592-8 CE". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 28 June 2023. After protracted and unsuccessful peace talks, Hideyoshi launched a second, much less successful invasion in 1597 CE, and when the warlord died the next year, the Japanese forces withdrew from the peninsula.

worldhistorycommons.org

"Japanese Mercenaries and the Dutch East India Company". World History Commons. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2024.

yahoo.co.jp

news.yahoo.co.jp

どうして豊臣政権は短命だったのか？存続のカギは弟・豊臣秀長が握っていた (in Japanese). Yahoo News. 1 September 2023. Archived from the original on 10 March 2024. Retrieved 10 March 2024.

yomiuri.co.jp

japannews.yomiuri.co.jp

"Faithful legacy of the 'samurai ambassador'". 16 March 2021. Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2024.