Sapphire (English Wikipedia)

Sivaramakrishnan, P (4 January 2016). "World's largest blue star sapphire 'found in Sri Lanka'". BBC News. BBC. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2016.

blueletterbible.org

"H5601 - sapîr - Strong's Hebrew Lexicon (net)". Blue Letter Bible. Archived from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2023.

books.google.com

The Mineral Industry. Scientific Publishing Company. 1921. Archived from the original on 23 March 2024. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
Matlins, Antoinette Leonard (2010). Colored Gemstones. Gemstone Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-943763-72-9. Archived from the original on 23 March 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
Cocks, Doug (1992). Use with care: managing Australia's natural resources in the twenty-first century. Sydney, Australia: University of New South Wales Press. p. 102. ISBN 978-0-86840-308-3. Archived from the original on 23 March 2024. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
Heaton, Neal; The production and identification of artificial precious stones in Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, 1911. USA: Government Printing Office. 1912. p. 217. Archived from the original on 23 March 2024. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
Elena R. Dobrovinskaya; Leonid A. Lytvynov; Valerian Pishchik (2009). Sapphire: Materials, Manufacturing, Applications. Springer. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-387-85694-0. Archived from the original on 23 March 2024. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
Cecie Starr (2005). Biology: Concepts and Applications. Thomson Brooks/Cole. p. 94. ISBN 978-0-534-46226-0.

christies.com

"10 jewels that made history". Christies. Archived from the original on 16 March 2020. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
"Lot 382: A MAGNIFICENT AND HISTORIC SAPPHIRE PENDANT, BY CARTIER". Christie’s. Geneva, Switzerland. 19 November 2003. Archived from the original on 7 August 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2017.

corning.com

"Corning® Gorilla® Glass Now Found On More Than 1.5 Billion Devices: Continuing innovation to fuel future versions, Sapphire not seen as major threat" (Press release). Corning, N.Y.: Corning Incorporated. May 2013. Archived from the original on 7 June 2013.

cultofmac.com

Dormehl, Luke (19 February 2014). "Everything You Wanted To Know About Sapphire Glass, But Were Afraid To Ask [Q&A]". Cult of Mac. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.

diamonds.net

Michelle, Amber (December 2007). "The Kashmir Legend". Rapaport Diamond Report. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
Brooke Showell. "A Fancy for Sapphires". Rapaport Diamond Report. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 14 August 2014.

doi.org

Harman, Alang Kasim; Ninomiya, Susumu; Adachi, Sadao (1994). "Optical constants of sapphire (alpha-Al2O3) single crystals". Journal of Applied Physics. 76 (12): 8032–8036. Bibcode:1994JAP....76.8032H. doi:10.1063/1.357922.
Crowningshield, Robert (Spring 1983). "Padparadscha: What's in a Name?". Gems & Gemology. 19 (1): 30–36. doi:10.5741/GEMS.19.1.30. Archived from the original on 28 June 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
Emmett, John L.; Scarratt, Kenneth; McClure, Shane F.; Moses, Thomas; Douthit, Troy R.; Hughes, Richard; Novak, Steve; Shigley, James E.; Wang, Wuyi; Bordelon, Owen; Kane, Robert E. (Spring 2003). "Beryllium diffusion of ruby and sapphire" (PDF). Gems & Gemology. 39 (2): 84–135. doi:10.5741/GEMS.39.2.84. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
Gübelin, E.; Schmetzer, K. (Winter 1982). "Gemstones with alexandrite effect" (PDF). Gems & Gemology. 18 (4): 197–203. doi:10.5741/GEMS.18.4.197. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
Nassau, Kurt (Fall 1981). "Heat Treating Ruby and Sapphire: Technical Aspects". Gems & Gemology. 17 (3): 121–131. doi:10.5741/GEMS.17.3.121.
Nassau, K.; Broyer, A. M. (1962). "Application of Czochralski Crystal-Pulling Technique to High-Melting Oxides". Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 45 (10): 474. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1962.tb11037.x.
Dobrovinskaya, Elena R.; Lytvynov, Leonid A.; Pishchik, Valerian (2009). "Properties of Sapphire". Sapphire (PDF). Micro- and Opto-Electronic Materials, Structures, and Systems. pp. 55–176. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85695-7_2. ISBN 978-0-387-85694-0. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Mamalis, AG; Ramsden, JJ; Grabchenko, AI; Lytvynov, LA; Filipenko, VA; Lavrynenko, SN (2006). "A novel concept for the manufacture of individual sapphire-metallic hip joint endoprostheses". Journal of Biological Physics and Chemistry. 6 (3): 113–117. doi:10.4024/30601.jbpc.06.03. hdl:1826/2527.

etymonline.com

Harper, Douglas. "sapphire". Online Etymology Dictionary.

excelitas.com

"Cermax® Xenon Lamp Engineering Guide" (PDF). Excelitas Technologies. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 August 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2017.

franklin-chamber.com

"Gem Mining in Franklin, NC". Franklin, North Carolina Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2014.

gaaj-zenhokyo.co.jp

Research Laboratory (2007). "Identification of heated / unheated status on ruby and sapphire". Gemmological Association of All Japan Co., Ltd. Archived from the original on 9 March 2010. Retrieved 21 March 2010.

gemsociety.org

"Parti Sapphires: the Colored Gemstones for 2021". International Gem Society. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
Arem, Dr. Joel; Clark, Donald. "Sapphire Value, Price, and Jewelry Information". International Gem Society LLC. Archived from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
"What are Lab-Grown Sapphires?". International Gem Society. Archived from the original on 25 October 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019.

gemstoneeducation.com

"History and origin of the Sapphire". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2016.

gia.edu

"Sapphire". GIA. Gemological Institute of America Inc. Archived from the original on 30 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
"Sapphire Description". GIA. Gemological Institute of America Inc. Archived from the original on 2 July 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2016.
Crowningshield, Robert (Spring 1983). "Padparadscha: What's in a Name?". Gems & Gemology. 19 (1): 30–36. doi:10.5741/GEMS.19.1.30. Archived from the original on 28 June 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
Emmett, John L.; Scarratt, Kenneth; McClure, Shane F.; Moses, Thomas; Douthit, Troy R.; Hughes, Richard; Novak, Steve; Shigley, James E.; Wang, Wuyi; Bordelon, Owen; Kane, Robert E. (Spring 2003). "Beryllium diffusion of ruby and sapphire" (PDF). Gems & Gemology. 39 (2): 84–135. doi:10.5741/GEMS.39.2.84. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
Gübelin, E.; Schmetzer, K. (Winter 1982). "Gemstones with alexandrite effect" (PDF). Gems & Gemology. 18 (4): 197–203. doi:10.5741/GEMS.18.4.197. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
Weldon, Robert. "An Introduction to Synthetic Gem Materials". GIA. Gemological Institute of America Inc. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 14 August 2014.

giathai.net

DuToit, Garry. "Twelve-Rayed Star Sapphire of Interest" (PDF). GIA Laboratory, Bangkok. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
"Your Ruby and Sapphire Reports" (PDF). GIA. Gemological Institute of America Inc. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 May 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2013.

gubelingemlab.ch

"Origin Determination". Gubelin Gem Labs. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 14 August 2014.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Mamalis, AG; Ramsden, JJ; Grabchenko, AI; Lytvynov, LA; Filipenko, VA; Lavrynenko, SN (2006). "A novel concept for the manufacture of individual sapphire-metallic hip joint endoprostheses". Journal of Biological Physics and Chemistry. 6 (3): 113–117. doi:10.4024/30601.jbpc.06.03. hdl:1826/2527.

happy-anniversary.com

"Anniversary Gifts by Year". Archived from the original on 10 August 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2014.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Harman, Alang Kasim; Ninomiya, Susumu; Adachi, Sadao (1994). "Optical constants of sapphire (alpha-Al2O3) single crystals". Journal of Applied Physics. 76 (12): 8032–8036. Bibcode:1994JAP....76.8032H. doi:10.1063/1.357922.

jewishencyclopedia.com

"SAPPHIRE - JewishEncyclopedia.com". jewishencyclopedia.com. Archived from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2023.

latimes.com

Kim, Victoria (5 January 2010). "For some, a sapphire has not been their best friend". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 8 January 2010. Retrieved 5 January 2010.

lazarosoho.com

"Properties of Sapphire". Lazaro SoHo. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2014.

ledinside.com

Huang, Judy (21 April 2009). "Rubicon Technology Grows 200kg "Super Boule"". LED Inside. TrendForce Corp. Archived from the original on 10 September 2013. Retrieved 23 September 2013.

lockheedmartin.com

"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 13 May 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

lotusgemology.com

"Gem Testing Labs • Tips on Choosing a Colored Gem Testing Lab". Lotus Gemology. Lotus Gemology Co. Ltd. Archived from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
Hughes, Richard W. "Ruby, Sapphire & Spinel Auction Records". Archived from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
"Verneuil Synthetic Corundum ID • Dangerous Curves". LotusGemology.com. Lotus Gemology. Archived from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2019.

madagascarsapphire.com

"Andranondambo". Madagascar sapphire. 2003. Archived from the original on 16 April 2004.

mindat.org

"Ilakaka Commune, Ranohira District, Horombe Region, Fianarantsoa Province, Madagascar". Mindat.org. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy. Archived from the original on 11 December 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2014.

nypost.com

Salo, Jackie (27 July 2021). "World's largest sapphire cluster worth $100M found in backyard in Sri Lanka". New York Post. Archived from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2021.

patents.google.com

USA Expired US3897529A, Ronald R Carr & Stephen D Nisevich, "Altering the appearance of corundum crystals", published 29 July 1975 Archived 5 November 2019 at the Wayback Machine
USA 988,230, August Verneuil, "Process of producing synthetic sapphires", published 28 March 1911 Archived 5 November 2019 at the Wayback Machine
"Gallium nitride collector grid solar cell" (2002) U.S. patent 6,447,938

perkinelmer.com

"Cermax® Products and Specifications" (PDF). Fremont, California, USA: PerkinElmer Optoelectronics. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017.

phonearena.com

T., Florin (31 July 2014). "Meet the world's first smartphone with Sapphire Shield display (no, it's not an iPhone)". Phone Arena. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2021.

qld.gov.au

"State gem | State flags, emblems, and icons". www.qld.gov.au. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2021.

quartzpage.de

"Crystals – Introduction". The Quartz Page. Archived from the original on 10 October 2007.

ruby-sapphire.com

Hughes, Richard W. (March 2001). "Digital Devil: Big Time". GK Magazine. 3 (4). Archived from the original on 17 September 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2019.

sacred-texts.com

The Book of Talismans, Amulets and Zodiacal Gems, by William Thomas and Kate Pavitt, [1922], p.154 at sacred-texts.com, http://www.sacred-texts.com/sym/bot/bot17.htm Archived 27 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 10 September 2018

si.edu

geogallery.si.edu

"Bismarck Sapphire Necklace". Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
"Logan Sapphire [G3703]". Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2016.

sothebys.com

"The Jewel of Kashmir". Archived from the original on 23 March 2016.
"1860: THE JEWEL OF KASHMIR, Exceptional Sapphire and Diamond Ring". Magnificent Jewels & Jadeite. Sotheby's. Archived from the original on 23 March 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2017.

springer.com

Dobrovinskaya, Elena R.; Lytvynov, Leonid A.; Pishchik, Valerian (2009). "Properties of Sapphire". Sapphire (PDF). Micro- and Opto-Electronic Materials, Structures, and Systems. pp. 55–176. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85695-7_2. ISBN 978-0-387-85694-0. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2017.

theguardian.com

"The desperate struggle at the heart of the brutal Apple supply chain". the Guardian. 14 November 2014. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2021.

thenaturalsapphirecompany.com

"History of Kashmir Sapphires". 13 September 2019. Archived from the original on 6 January 2018. Retrieved 6 January 2018.

tufts.edu

perseus.tufts.edu

"Greek Word Study Tool". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.

web.archive.org

"Greek Word Study Tool". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
"Sapphire". GIA. Gemological Institute of America Inc. Archived from the original on 30 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
"Queen's Sapphire Jubilee: Gun salutes mark 65 years on the throne". BBC News. 6 February 2017. Archived from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
"Gem Testing Labs • Tips on Choosing a Colored Gem Testing Lab". Lotus Gemology. Lotus Gemology Co. Ltd. Archived from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
The Mineral Industry. Scientific Publishing Company. 1921. Archived from the original on 23 March 2024. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
"Sapphire Description". GIA. Gemological Institute of America Inc. Archived from the original on 2 July 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2016.
"Parti Sapphires: the Colored Gemstones for 2021". International Gem Society. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
Matlins, Antoinette Leonard (2010). Colored Gemstones. Gemstone Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-943763-72-9. Archived from the original on 23 March 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
"Properties of Sapphire". Lazaro SoHo. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
Crowningshield, Robert (Spring 1983). "Padparadscha: What's in a Name?". Gems & Gemology. 19 (1): 30–36. doi:10.5741/GEMS.19.1.30. Archived from the original on 28 June 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
Emmett, John L.; Scarratt, Kenneth; McClure, Shane F.; Moses, Thomas; Douthit, Troy R.; Hughes, Richard; Novak, Steve; Shigley, James E.; Wang, Wuyi; Bordelon, Owen; Kane, Robert E. (Spring 2003). "Beryllium diffusion of ruby and sapphire" (PDF). Gems & Gemology. 39 (2): 84–135. doi:10.5741/GEMS.39.2.84. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
DuToit, Garry. "Twelve-Rayed Star Sapphire of Interest" (PDF). GIA Laboratory, Bangkok. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
Sivaramakrishnan, P (4 January 2016). "World's largest blue star sapphire 'found in Sri Lanka'". BBC News. BBC. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
Kim, Victoria (5 January 2010). "For some, a sapphire has not been their best friend". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 8 January 2010. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
"World's largest star sapphire cluster found in backyard". www.9news.com.au. 28 July 2021. Archived from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
Salo, Jackie (27 July 2021). "World's largest sapphire cluster worth $100M found in backyard in Sri Lanka". New York Post. Archived from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
Gübelin, E.; Schmetzer, K. (Winter 1982). "Gemstones with alexandrite effect" (PDF). Gems & Gemology. 18 (4): 197–203. doi:10.5741/GEMS.18.4.197. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
Weldon, Robert. "An Introduction to Synthetic Gem Materials". GIA. Gemological Institute of America Inc. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
Hughes, Richard W. (March 2001). "Digital Devil: Big Time". GK Magazine. 3 (4). Archived from the original on 17 September 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
Hughes, Richard W. "Ruby, Sapphire & Spinel Auction Records". Archived from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
"Red Rubies". Causes of Color. WebExhibits online museum. Archived from the original on 9 May 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
"Blue Sapphire". Causes of Color. WebExhibits online museum. Archived from the original on 10 May 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
"Your Ruby and Sapphire Reports" (PDF). GIA. Gemological Institute of America Inc. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 May 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
"Origin Determination". Gubelin Gem Labs. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
Michelle, Amber (December 2007). "The Kashmir Legend". Rapaport Diamond Report. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
Brooke Showell. "A Fancy for Sapphires". Rapaport Diamond Report. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
"Ilakaka Commune, Ranohira District, Horombe Region, Fianarantsoa Province, Madagascar". Mindat.org. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy. Archived from the original on 11 December 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
Cocks, Doug (1992). Use with care: managing Australia's natural resources in the twenty-first century. Sydney, Australia: University of New South Wales Press. p. 102. ISBN 978-0-86840-308-3. Archived from the original on 23 March 2024. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
"Andranondambo". Madagascar sapphire. 2003. Archived from the original on 16 April 2004.
"Gem Mining in Franklin, NC". Franklin, North Carolina Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
"History of Kashmir Sapphires". 13 September 2019. Archived from the original on 6 January 2018. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
Arem, Dr. Joel; Clark, Donald. "Sapphire Value, Price, and Jewelry Information". International Gem Society LLC. Archived from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
"The Jewel of Kashmir". Archived from the original on 23 March 2016.
"1860: THE JEWEL OF KASHMIR, Exceptional Sapphire and Diamond Ring". Magnificent Jewels & Jadeite. Sotheby's. Archived from the original on 23 March 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
Research Laboratory (2007). "Identification of heated / unheated status on ruby and sapphire". Gemmological Association of All Japan Co., Ltd. Archived from the original on 9 March 2010. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
USA Expired US3897529A, Ronald R Carr & Stephen D Nisevich, "Altering the appearance of corundum crystals", published 29 July 1975 Archived 5 November 2019 at the Wayback Machine
Heaton, Neal; The production and identification of artificial precious stones in Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, 1911. USA: Government Printing Office. 1912. p. 217. Archived from the original on 23 March 2024. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
USA 988,230, August Verneuil, "Process of producing synthetic sapphires", published 28 March 1911 Archived 5 November 2019 at the Wayback Machine
"Verneuil Synthetic Corundum ID • Dangerous Curves". LotusGemology.com. Lotus Gemology. Archived from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
"Czochralski process". articleworld.org. ArticleWorld. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
Huang, Judy (21 April 2009). "Rubicon Technology Grows 200kg "Super Boule"". LED Inside. TrendForce Corp. Archived from the original on 10 September 2013. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
"What are Lab-Grown Sapphires?". International Gem Society. Archived from the original on 25 October 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
Scheel, Hans Jr̲g; Fukuda, Tsuguo (2003). Crystal growth technology (PDF). Chichester, West Sussex: J. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-49059-3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 24 May 2006.
Elena R. Dobrovinskaya; Leonid A. Lytvynov; Valerian Pishchik (2009). Sapphire: Materials, Manufacturing, Applications. Springer. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-387-85694-0. Archived from the original on 23 March 2024. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
"Corning® Gorilla® Glass Now Found On More Than 1.5 Billion Devices: Continuing innovation to fuel future versions, Sapphire not seen as major threat" (Press release). Corning, N.Y.: Corning Incorporated. May 2013. Archived from the original on 7 June 2013.
Dormehl, Luke (19 February 2014). "Everything You Wanted To Know About Sapphire Glass, But Were Afraid To Ask [Q&A]". Cult of Mac. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
Dobrovinskaya, Elena R.; Lytvynov, Leonid A.; Pishchik, Valerian (2009). "Properties of Sapphire". Sapphire (PDF). Micro- and Opto-Electronic Materials, Structures, and Systems. pp. 55–176. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85695-7_2. ISBN 978-0-387-85694-0. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
"Crystals – Introduction". The Quartz Page. Archived from the original on 10 October 2007.
Wakabayashi, Daisuke (19 November 2014). "Inside Apple's Broken Sapphire Factory". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 4 December 2014. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
"The desperate struggle at the heart of the brutal Apple supply chain". the Guardian. 14 November 2014. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
T., Florin (31 July 2014). "Meet the world's first smartphone with Sapphire Shield display (no, it's not an iPhone)". Phone Arena. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
"Cermax® Products and Specifications" (PDF). Fremont, California, USA: PerkinElmer Optoelectronics. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
"Cermax® Xenon Lamp Engineering Guide" (PDF). Excelitas Technologies. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 August 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 13 May 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
"H5601 - sapîr - Strong's Hebrew Lexicon (net)". Blue Letter Bible. Archived from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
"SAPPHIRE - JewishEncyclopedia.com". jewishencyclopedia.com. Archived from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
"History and origin of the Sapphire". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
"Anniversary Gifts by Year". Archived from the original on 10 August 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
The Book of Talismans, Amulets and Zodiacal Gems, by William Thomas and Kate Pavitt, [1922], p.154 at sacred-texts.com, http://www.sacred-texts.com/sym/bot/bot17.htm Archived 27 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 10 September 2018
"State gem | State flags, emblems, and icons". www.qld.gov.au. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
"Bismarck Sapphire Necklace". Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
"10 jewels that made history". Christies. Archived from the original on 16 March 2020. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
"Logan Sapphire [G3703]". Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
"Lot 382: A MAGNIFICENT AND HISTORIC SAPPHIRE PENDANT, BY CARTIER". Christie’s. Geneva, Switzerland. 19 November 2003. Archived from the original on 7 August 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2017.

webexhibits.org

"Red Rubies". Causes of Color. WebExhibits online museum. Archived from the original on 9 May 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
"Blue Sapphire". Causes of Color. WebExhibits online museum. Archived from the original on 10 May 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2014.

wiley.com

media.wiley.com

Scheel, Hans Jr̲g; Fukuda, Tsuguo (2003). Crystal growth technology (PDF). Chichester, West Sussex: J. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-49059-3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 24 May 2006.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Wakabayashi, Daisuke (19 November 2014). "Inside Apple's Broken Sapphire Factory". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 4 December 2014. Retrieved 14 December 2021.

wsj.com

online.wsj.com

Wakabayashi, Daisuke (19 November 2014). "Inside Apple's Broken Sapphire Factory". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 4 December 2014. Retrieved 14 December 2021.