Sator Square (English Wikipedia)

Benefiel, Rebecca R. (2012). "Magic Squares, Alphabet Jumbles, Riddles and More: The Culture of Word-Games among the Graffiti of Pompeii". The Muse at Play: Riddles and Wordplay in Greek and Latin Poetry. De Gruyter. pp. 65–79. doi:10.1515/9783110270617.65. ISBN 978-3-11-027000-6. Retrieved 15 September 2022.

archive.org

Ceram, C. W. (1958). The March of Archaeology. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 30. ISBN 0-3944-3528-1. LCCN 58-10977.

archive.today

"amnordisk runtextdatabas". Runforum Uppsala. 20 December 2010. Archived from the original on 25 May 2012. Retrieved 13 February 2014.

biblicalstudies.org.uk

Hemer, Colin J. "The Manchester Rotas-Sator Square" (PDF). Faith and Thought. 105: 36–40. Retrieved 12 September 2022.

books.google.com

Erwin Fahlbusch; Jan Lochman; John Mbiti; Jaroslav Pelikan; Lukas Vischer (February 2008). The Encyclodedia of Christianity. Vol. 5. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. pp. 755–757. ISBN 978-0802880055. Retrieved 16 September 2022. Entry: Word Square by Ulrich Ernst
Pickover, Clifford A. (June 2002). "A Brief History of Magic Squares: Templar Magic Square". The Zen of Magic Squares, Circles, and Stars: An Exhibition of Surprising Structures across Dimensions. Princeton University Press. pp. 23–25. ISBN 978-0691115979. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
Ferguson, Everett (1999). Encyclopedia of Early Christianity (2nd ed.). Routledge. p. 1002. ISBN 978-0815333197. Retrieved 16 September 2022. Rotas Sator (first century): Although the result is striking, the interpretation rests on the unlikely assumptions, and a non-Christian meaning is more probable.
Ferguson, Everett (2003). Backgrounds of early Christianity. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 590–. ISBN 978-0-8028-2221-5.
Lipscomb, Suzannah (August 2020). A History of Magic, Witchcraft, and the Occult. DK. ISBN 978-1465494290. Retrieved 26 September 2022. Sator Square amulet: This early Christian magical tool called the Sator Square shows words that are readable backward or forwards. In his book on pow-wows, Johann George Hohman stated that the Sator Square possessed properties that could extinguish fires as readily as protect cows from witches.
Cavendish, Richard (1983). The Black Arts: A Concise History of Witchcraft, Demonology, Astrology (40th ed.). TarcherPerigee. p. 130. ISBN 978-0399500350. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
Watt-Evans, Lawrence (July 2008). The Turtle Moves!: Discworld's Story Unauthorized. BenBella Books. p. 44. ISBN 978-1933771465. Retrieved 29 September 2022.

britannica.com

"Sator square". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 17 September 2022.

cairn-int.info

Vinel, Nicolas (April 2006). "The Hidden Judaism of the Sator Square in Pompeii". Revue de l'histoire des religions. 223 (2): 3. doi:10.4000/rhr.5136. S2CID 170115926. Retrieved 16 September 2022.

cambridge.org

Baines, William (July 1987). "The Rotas-Sator Square: a New Investigation". New Testament Studies. 33 (3). Cambridge University Press: 469–476. doi:10.1017/S0028688500014405. S2CID 170226416. Retrieved 10 September 2022.

coriniummuseum.org

Wilkes, Isobel (19 July 2021). "The SATOR Square". Corinium Museum. Retrieved 13 September 2022.

doi.org

Sheldon, Rose Mary (2003). "The Sator Rebus: An unsolved cryptogram?". Cryptologia. 27 (3): 233–287. doi:10.1080/0161-110391891919. S2CID 218542154. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
Fishwick, Duncan (1954). "On the Origin of the Rotas-Sator Square". Harvard Theological Review. 57 (1). Cambridge University Press: 39–53. doi:10.1017/S0017816000024858. JSTOR 1508695. S2CID 162908002. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
Benefiel, Rebecca R. (2012). "Magic Squares, Alphabet Jumbles, Riddles and More: The Culture of Word-Games among the Graffiti of Pompeii". The Muse at Play: Riddles and Wordplay in Greek and Latin Poetry. De Gruyter. pp. 65–79. doi:10.1515/9783110270617.65. ISBN 978-3-11-027000-6. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
Baines, William (July 1987). "The Rotas-Sator Square: a New Investigation". New Testament Studies. 33 (3). Cambridge University Press: 469–476. doi:10.1017/S0028688500014405. S2CID 170226416. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
Griffiths, J. Gwyn (March 1971). "'Arepo' in the Magic 'Sator' Square". The Classical Review. New Series. 21 (1): 6–8. doi:10.1017/S0009840X00262999. S2CID 161291159.
Atkinson, Donald (1938). "The Sator-Formula And The Beginnings Of Christianity" (PDF). Bulletin of the John Rylands Library. 22 (2): 419–434. doi:10.7227/BJRL.22.2.6. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
Griffith, J. Gwyn (1971). "'Arepo' in the Magic 'Sator' Square". The Classical Review. 21 (1). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 6–8. doi:10.1017/s0009840x00262999. ISSN 0009-840X. S2CID 161291159.
Vinel, Nicolas (April 2006). "The Hidden Judaism of the Sator Square in Pompeii". Revue de l'histoire des religions. 223 (2): 3. doi:10.4000/rhr.5136. S2CID 170115926. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
Otto, Bernd-Christian; Bellingradt, Daniel (December 2017). "Appendix A". Magical Manuscripts in Early Modern Europe: The Clandestine Trade in Illegal Book Collections. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 134–135. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59525-2. ISBN 978-3-319-59524-5. Retrieved 10 May 2023.

goodreads.com

Beard, Mary (30 November 2012). "Were there Christians at Pompeii? The sator word-square evidence". Retrieved 12 September 2022. It is much more likely that we are dealing with a Latin-speaking Jewish slogan here, and there is plenty of evidence for Jews in the Vesuvian towns (including a kosher version of garum, the Roman staple of rotten fish sauce). "Alpha" and "omega" are well known in Jewish literature, and "our father" is perfectly compatible with a Jewish cultural background (and are found as that in Jewish prayers).

indexarticles.com

Sheldon, Rose Mary (2003). "The Sator Rebus: An unsolved cryptogram?". Cryptologia. 27 (3): 233–287. doi:10.1080/0161-110391891919. S2CID 218542154. Retrieved 10 September 2022.

jstor.org

Fishwick, Duncan (1954). "On the Origin of the Rotas-Sator Square". Harvard Theological Review. 57 (1). Cambridge University Press: 39–53. doi:10.1017/S0017816000024858. JSTOR 1508695. S2CID 162908002. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
Marcovich, Miroslav (1983). "SATOR AREPO = ΓΕΩΡΓΟΣ ̔ΑΡΠΟΝ(ΚΝΟΥΦΙ) ΑΡΠΩΣ (geōrgos arpon[knouphi] arpōs), arpo(cra), harpo(crates)". Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. 50: 155–171. JSTOR 20183770.
O'Donald, Megan (2018). "The ROTAS "Wheel": Form and Content in a Pompeian Graffito". Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. 205: 77–91. JSTOR 26603971. Retrieved 10 September 2022.

lastampa.it

"Note astigiane in prima mondiale applaudite ad Atene". La Stampa (in Italian). 27 February 2020. Retrieved 13 October 2021.

libraryireland.com

Wilde, Jane (1888). "Evil Eye". Ancient Legends Mystic Charms & Superstitions of Ireland. National Library of Ireland. pp. 18–23. ISBN 9783849673604. Retrieved 16 September 2022.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Ceram, C. W. (1958). The March of Archaeology. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 30. ISBN 0-3944-3528-1. LCCN 58-10977.

magdlibs.com

Swire, Ellie (19 November 2019). "Sator Squares". Magdalene College Libraries. Retrieved 13 October 2021.

manchester.ac.uk

escholar.manchester.ac.uk

Atkinson, Donald (1938). "The Sator-Formula And The Beginnings Of Christianity" (PDF). Bulletin of the John Rylands Library. 22 (2): 419–434. doi:10.7227/BJRL.22.2.6. Retrieved 10 September 2022.

metmuseum.org

"Sator Arepo Tenet Opera Rotas (1982) by Gary Stephan". Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 17 September 2022.

openedition.org

books.openedition.org

Étienne, Robert (1978). "Le «Carre Magique» a Conimbriga (Portugal), The "Magic Square" in Conimbriga (Portugal)". Conimbriga. Scripta Antiqua. Vol. XVII. University of Coimbra. pp. 15–34. ISBN 9782356132987. Retrieved 13 September 2022.

pompeiicommitment.org

"Il Quadrato del Sator dalla Palestra Grande". Parco Archeologico di Pompei. 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
"The Sator Square from the Palaestra Grande". Parco Archeologico di Pompei. 2023.

researchgate.net

Otto, Bernd-Christian; Bellingradt, Daniel (December 2017). "Appendix A". Magical Manuscripts in Early Modern Europe: The Clandestine Trade in Illegal Book Collections. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 134–135. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59525-2. ISBN 978-3-319-59524-5. Retrieved 10 May 2023.

sarahemilybond.com

Bond, Sarah E. (4 January 2016). "Power of the Palindrome: Writing, Reading, and Wordplay (Part II)". University of Iowa. Retrieved 13 September 2022.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Sheldon, Rose Mary (2003). "The Sator Rebus: An unsolved cryptogram?". Cryptologia. 27 (3): 233–287. doi:10.1080/0161-110391891919. S2CID 218542154. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
Fishwick, Duncan (1954). "On the Origin of the Rotas-Sator Square". Harvard Theological Review. 57 (1). Cambridge University Press: 39–53. doi:10.1017/S0017816000024858. JSTOR 1508695. S2CID 162908002. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
Baines, William (July 1987). "The Rotas-Sator Square: a New Investigation". New Testament Studies. 33 (3). Cambridge University Press: 469–476. doi:10.1017/S0028688500014405. S2CID 170226416. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
Griffiths, J. Gwyn (March 1971). "'Arepo' in the Magic 'Sator' Square". The Classical Review. New Series. 21 (1): 6–8. doi:10.1017/S0009840X00262999. S2CID 161291159.
Griffith, J. Gwyn (1971). "'Arepo' in the Magic 'Sator' Square". The Classical Review. 21 (1). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 6–8. doi:10.1017/s0009840x00262999. ISSN 0009-840X. S2CID 161291159.
Vinel, Nicolas (April 2006). "The Hidden Judaism of the Sator Square in Pompeii". Revue de l'histoire des religions. 223 (2): 3. doi:10.4000/rhr.5136. S2CID 170115926. Retrieved 16 September 2022.

sputnikmusic.com

"Heilung's palindrome, Tenet". Sputnik Music.

telegraph.co.uk

Leith, Sam (30 August 2020). "How Tenet was inspired by palindromes, the memes of the ancient world". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 20 September 2022.

umanitoba.ca

Fishwick, Duncan (1959). "An Early Christian Cryptogram?". CCHA. 26. University of Manitoba: 29–41. Archived from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2021.

uu.se

runforum.nordiska.uu.se

"amnordisk runtextdatabas". Runforum Uppsala. 20 December 2010. Archived from the original on 25 May 2012. Retrieved 13 February 2014.

vox.com

Wilkinson, Alissa (4 September 2020). "The ancient palindrome that explains Christopher Nolan's Tenet". Vox. Retrieved 13 October 2021.

web.archive.org

Fishwick, Duncan (1959). "An Early Christian Cryptogram?". CCHA. 26. University of Manitoba: 29–41. Archived from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2021.

wikipedia.org

de.wikipedia.org

Work by Italian archaeologist Amedeo Maiuri in 1938 showed that graffito on the Pompeii palestra square column associated with the Rotas-square, were linked to graffito that would have pre-dated the earthquake of A.D 62; this was later confirmed by German classical philologist Friedrich Focke [de] in 1948 based on an analysis of the stucco plastering of the specific palestra square columns.^[14]^[15]
Most notable and impactful of the three was German priest, Felix Grosser who published in 1926;^[2] German historian Christian Frank [de] published in 1924, and Swedish historian Sigurd Agrell published in 1927.^[1]

worldcat.org

Griffith, J. Gwyn (1971). "'Arepo' in the Magic 'Sator' Square". The Classical Review. 21 (1). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 6–8. doi:10.1017/s0009840x00262999. ISSN 0009-840X. S2CID 161291159.