Mathieson 2015: "In three out of six samples, we observe the haplotype carrying the derived allele of rs3827760 in the EDAR gene (Extended Data Fig. 5), which affects tooth morphology and hair thickness33,34, has been the subject of a selective sweep in East Asia35, and today is at high frequency in East Asians and Native Americans. The EDAR derived allele is largely absent in present-day Europe except in Scandinavia, plausibly due to Siberian movements into the region millennia after the date of the Motala samples. The SHG have no evidence of East Asian ancestry4,7, suggesting that the EDAR derived allele may not have originated not in East Asians as previously suggested" Mathieson, Iain (23 November 2015). "Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians". Nature. 528 (7583). Nature Research: 499–503. Bibcode:2015Natur.528..499M. doi:10.1038/nature16152. PMC4918750. PMID26595274.
Zhang, Xiaoming; Ji, Xueping; Li, Chunmei; Yang, Tingyu; Huang, Jiahui; Zhao, Yinhui; Wu, Yun; Ma, Shiwu; Pang, Yuhong; Huang, Yanyi; He, Yaoxi; Su, Bing (25 July 2022). "A Late Pleistocene human genome from Southwest China". Current Biology. 32 (14): 3095–3109.e5. Bibcode:2022CBio...32E3095Z. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.016. ISSN0960-9822. PMID35839766. S2CID250502011. See Figure 5, page 8. "EDAR-V370A emerged the earliest in Amur-19K, Amur-14.5K, and UKY (13.9 kya) in northern East Asia and in the LosRieles (12.0 kya) samples from coastal Chile of South America (E). It was quickly elevated to extremely high frequency in broad East Asia (89.41%) and America (93.33%) during the Early Holocene (F). EDAR-V370A slightly expanded to West Eurasia, and it also appeared at a relatively low frequency in some Central American populations, likely due to the known admixture with Africans and Europeans 500 years ago during the Late Holocene (G). Likewise, the appearance of EDAR-V370A in Oceanians reflects the historic Austronesian dispersal from East Asia to the Pacific Islands about 2,000 years ago (G)."
Günther et al. (2018): "Interestingly, all individuals exhibited high probabilities of being blue-eyed (0.71-0.92). The Motala2, Motala3, Motala4 and Motala12 individuals most likely had a dark hair color (0.70-0.99), while Motala1 and Motala6 had a light shaded hair (~0.91); they may have been blond (~0.60). Similar to SF9, SF11, SF12, SBj, Hum1, Hum2 and Steigen, the Motala hunter-gatherers presented a combination of light and dark skin pigmentation alleles. Only Motala2 presented exclusively light-skin variants at both rs16891982 and rs1426654." & "Interestingly, the eye and light skin pigmentation phenotypes observed in all SHGs could potentially be explained by admixture between WHG and EHG groups. The high relative-frequency of the blue-eye color allele in SHGs, resembles WHG, while the intermediate frequencies of the skin color determining SNPs in SHGs seem more likely to have come from EHG, since both light-pigmented alleles are virtually absent from WHG. However, for all three well-characterized skin and eye-color associated SNPs, the SHGs display a frequency that is greater for the light-skin variants and the blue-eye variant than can be expected from a mixture of WHGs and EHGs. This observation indicates that the frequencies may have increased due to continued adaptation to a low light conditions." Günther, Torsten; Malmström, Helena; Svensson, Emma M.; Omrak, Ayça; Sánchez-Quinto, Federico; Kılınç, Gülşah M.; Krzewińska, Maja; Eriksson, Gunilla; Fraser, Magdalena; Edlund, Hanna; Munters, Arielle R. (9 January 2018). "Population genomics of Mesolithic Scandinavia: Investigating early postglacial migration routes and high-latitude adaptation". PLOS Biology. 16 (1): e2003703. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2003703. ISSN1545-7885. PMC5760011. PMID29315301.
Mathieson 2015: "In three out of six samples, we observe the haplotype carrying the derived allele of rs3827760 in the EDAR gene (Extended Data Fig. 5), which affects tooth morphology and hair thickness33,34, has been the subject of a selective sweep in East Asia35, and today is at high frequency in East Asians and Native Americans. The EDAR derived allele is largely absent in present-day Europe except in Scandinavia, plausibly due to Siberian movements into the region millennia after the date of the Motala samples. The SHG have no evidence of East Asian ancestry4,7, suggesting that the EDAR derived allele may not have originated not in East Asians as previously suggested" Mathieson, Iain (23 November 2015). "Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians". Nature. 528 (7583). Nature Research: 499–503. Bibcode:2015Natur.528..499M. doi:10.1038/nature16152. PMC4918750. PMID26595274.
Zhang, Xiaoming; Ji, Xueping; Li, Chunmei; Yang, Tingyu; Huang, Jiahui; Zhao, Yinhui; Wu, Yun; Ma, Shiwu; Pang, Yuhong; Huang, Yanyi; He, Yaoxi; Su, Bing (25 July 2022). "A Late Pleistocene human genome from Southwest China". Current Biology. 32 (14): 3095–3109.e5. Bibcode:2022CBio...32E3095Z. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.016. ISSN0960-9822. PMID35839766. S2CID250502011. See Figure 5, page 8. "EDAR-V370A emerged the earliest in Amur-19K, Amur-14.5K, and UKY (13.9 kya) in northern East Asia and in the LosRieles (12.0 kya) samples from coastal Chile of South America (E). It was quickly elevated to extremely high frequency in broad East Asia (89.41%) and America (93.33%) during the Early Holocene (F). EDAR-V370A slightly expanded to West Eurasia, and it also appeared at a relatively low frequency in some Central American populations, likely due to the known admixture with Africans and Europeans 500 years ago during the Late Holocene (G). Likewise, the appearance of EDAR-V370A in Oceanians reflects the historic Austronesian dispersal from East Asia to the Pacific Islands about 2,000 years ago (G)."
Mathieson 2015: "In three out of six samples, we observe the haplotype carrying the derived allele of rs3827760 in the EDAR gene (Extended Data Fig. 5), which affects tooth morphology and hair thickness33,34, has been the subject of a selective sweep in East Asia35, and today is at high frequency in East Asians and Native Americans. The EDAR derived allele is largely absent in present-day Europe except in Scandinavia, plausibly due to Siberian movements into the region millennia after the date of the Motala samples. The SHG have no evidence of East Asian ancestry4,7, suggesting that the EDAR derived allele may not have originated not in East Asians as previously suggested" Mathieson, Iain (23 November 2015). "Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians". Nature. 528 (7583). Nature Research: 499–503. Bibcode:2015Natur.528..499M. doi:10.1038/nature16152. PMC4918750. PMID26595274.
Zhang, Xiaoming; Ji, Xueping; Li, Chunmei; Yang, Tingyu; Huang, Jiahui; Zhao, Yinhui; Wu, Yun; Ma, Shiwu; Pang, Yuhong; Huang, Yanyi; He, Yaoxi; Su, Bing (25 July 2022). "A Late Pleistocene human genome from Southwest China". Current Biology. 32 (14): 3095–3109.e5. Bibcode:2022CBio...32E3095Z. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.016. ISSN0960-9822. PMID35839766. S2CID250502011. See Figure 5, page 8. "EDAR-V370A emerged the earliest in Amur-19K, Amur-14.5K, and UKY (13.9 kya) in northern East Asia and in the LosRieles (12.0 kya) samples from coastal Chile of South America (E). It was quickly elevated to extremely high frequency in broad East Asia (89.41%) and America (93.33%) during the Early Holocene (F). EDAR-V370A slightly expanded to West Eurasia, and it also appeared at a relatively low frequency in some Central American populations, likely due to the known admixture with Africans and Europeans 500 years ago during the Late Holocene (G). Likewise, the appearance of EDAR-V370A in Oceanians reflects the historic Austronesian dispersal from East Asia to the Pacific Islands about 2,000 years ago (G)."
Günther et al. (2018): "Interestingly, all individuals exhibited high probabilities of being blue-eyed (0.71-0.92). The Motala2, Motala3, Motala4 and Motala12 individuals most likely had a dark hair color (0.70-0.99), while Motala1 and Motala6 had a light shaded hair (~0.91); they may have been blond (~0.60). Similar to SF9, SF11, SF12, SBj, Hum1, Hum2 and Steigen, the Motala hunter-gatherers presented a combination of light and dark skin pigmentation alleles. Only Motala2 presented exclusively light-skin variants at both rs16891982 and rs1426654." & "Interestingly, the eye and light skin pigmentation phenotypes observed in all SHGs could potentially be explained by admixture between WHG and EHG groups. The high relative-frequency of the blue-eye color allele in SHGs, resembles WHG, while the intermediate frequencies of the skin color determining SNPs in SHGs seem more likely to have come from EHG, since both light-pigmented alleles are virtually absent from WHG. However, for all three well-characterized skin and eye-color associated SNPs, the SHGs display a frequency that is greater for the light-skin variants and the blue-eye variant than can be expected from a mixture of WHGs and EHGs. This observation indicates that the frequencies may have increased due to continued adaptation to a low light conditions." Günther, Torsten; Malmström, Helena; Svensson, Emma M.; Omrak, Ayça; Sánchez-Quinto, Federico; Kılınç, Gülşah M.; Krzewińska, Maja; Eriksson, Gunilla; Fraser, Magdalena; Edlund, Hanna; Munters, Arielle R. (9 January 2018). "Population genomics of Mesolithic Scandinavia: Investigating early postglacial migration routes and high-latitude adaptation". PLOS Biology. 16 (1): e2003703. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2003703. ISSN1545-7885. PMC5760011. PMID29315301.
Mathieson 2015: "In three out of six samples, we observe the haplotype carrying the derived allele of rs3827760 in the EDAR gene (Extended Data Fig. 5), which affects tooth morphology and hair thickness33,34, has been the subject of a selective sweep in East Asia35, and today is at high frequency in East Asians and Native Americans. The EDAR derived allele is largely absent in present-day Europe except in Scandinavia, plausibly due to Siberian movements into the region millennia after the date of the Motala samples. The SHG have no evidence of East Asian ancestry4,7, suggesting that the EDAR derived allele may not have originated not in East Asians as previously suggested" Mathieson, Iain (23 November 2015). "Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians". Nature. 528 (7583). Nature Research: 499–503. Bibcode:2015Natur.528..499M. doi:10.1038/nature16152. PMC4918750. PMID26595274.
Günther et al. (2018): "Interestingly, all individuals exhibited high probabilities of being blue-eyed (0.71-0.92). The Motala2, Motala3, Motala4 and Motala12 individuals most likely had a dark hair color (0.70-0.99), while Motala1 and Motala6 had a light shaded hair (~0.91); they may have been blond (~0.60). Similar to SF9, SF11, SF12, SBj, Hum1, Hum2 and Steigen, the Motala hunter-gatherers presented a combination of light and dark skin pigmentation alleles. Only Motala2 presented exclusively light-skin variants at both rs16891982 and rs1426654." & "Interestingly, the eye and light skin pigmentation phenotypes observed in all SHGs could potentially be explained by admixture between WHG and EHG groups. The high relative-frequency of the blue-eye color allele in SHGs, resembles WHG, while the intermediate frequencies of the skin color determining SNPs in SHGs seem more likely to have come from EHG, since both light-pigmented alleles are virtually absent from WHG. However, for all three well-characterized skin and eye-color associated SNPs, the SHGs display a frequency that is greater for the light-skin variants and the blue-eye variant than can be expected from a mixture of WHGs and EHGs. This observation indicates that the frequencies may have increased due to continued adaptation to a low light conditions." Günther, Torsten; Malmström, Helena; Svensson, Emma M.; Omrak, Ayça; Sánchez-Quinto, Federico; Kılınç, Gülşah M.; Krzewińska, Maja; Eriksson, Gunilla; Fraser, Magdalena; Edlund, Hanna; Munters, Arielle R. (9 January 2018). "Population genomics of Mesolithic Scandinavia: Investigating early postglacial migration routes and high-latitude adaptation". PLOS Biology. 16 (1): e2003703. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2003703. ISSN1545-7885. PMC5760011. PMID29315301.
odnilsson.com
Nilsson 2020, The Tybrind girl. Nilsson, Oscar (2020). "Reconstructions". Art & Science by O.D.Nilsson. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
semanticscholar.org
api.semanticscholar.org
Zhang, Xiaoming; Ji, Xueping; Li, Chunmei; Yang, Tingyu; Huang, Jiahui; Zhao, Yinhui; Wu, Yun; Ma, Shiwu; Pang, Yuhong; Huang, Yanyi; He, Yaoxi; Su, Bing (25 July 2022). "A Late Pleistocene human genome from Southwest China". Current Biology. 32 (14): 3095–3109.e5. Bibcode:2022CBio...32E3095Z. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.016. ISSN0960-9822. PMID35839766. S2CID250502011. See Figure 5, page 8. "EDAR-V370A emerged the earliest in Amur-19K, Amur-14.5K, and UKY (13.9 kya) in northern East Asia and in the LosRieles (12.0 kya) samples from coastal Chile of South America (E). It was quickly elevated to extremely high frequency in broad East Asia (89.41%) and America (93.33%) during the Early Holocene (F). EDAR-V370A slightly expanded to West Eurasia, and it also appeared at a relatively low frequency in some Central American populations, likely due to the known admixture with Africans and Europeans 500 years ago during the Late Holocene (G). Likewise, the appearance of EDAR-V370A in Oceanians reflects the historic Austronesian dispersal from East Asia to the Pacific Islands about 2,000 years ago (G)."
Nilsson 2020, The Tybrind girl. Nilsson, Oscar (2020). "Reconstructions". Art & Science by O.D.Nilsson. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
Zhang, Xiaoming; Ji, Xueping; Li, Chunmei; Yang, Tingyu; Huang, Jiahui; Zhao, Yinhui; Wu, Yun; Ma, Shiwu; Pang, Yuhong; Huang, Yanyi; He, Yaoxi; Su, Bing (25 July 2022). "A Late Pleistocene human genome from Southwest China". Current Biology. 32 (14): 3095–3109.e5. Bibcode:2022CBio...32E3095Z. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.016. ISSN0960-9822. PMID35839766. S2CID250502011. See Figure 5, page 8. "EDAR-V370A emerged the earliest in Amur-19K, Amur-14.5K, and UKY (13.9 kya) in northern East Asia and in the LosRieles (12.0 kya) samples from coastal Chile of South America (E). It was quickly elevated to extremely high frequency in broad East Asia (89.41%) and America (93.33%) during the Early Holocene (F). EDAR-V370A slightly expanded to West Eurasia, and it also appeared at a relatively low frequency in some Central American populations, likely due to the known admixture with Africans and Europeans 500 years ago during the Late Holocene (G). Likewise, the appearance of EDAR-V370A in Oceanians reflects the historic Austronesian dispersal from East Asia to the Pacific Islands about 2,000 years ago (G)."
Günther et al. (2018): "Interestingly, all individuals exhibited high probabilities of being blue-eyed (0.71-0.92). The Motala2, Motala3, Motala4 and Motala12 individuals most likely had a dark hair color (0.70-0.99), while Motala1 and Motala6 had a light shaded hair (~0.91); they may have been blond (~0.60). Similar to SF9, SF11, SF12, SBj, Hum1, Hum2 and Steigen, the Motala hunter-gatherers presented a combination of light and dark skin pigmentation alleles. Only Motala2 presented exclusively light-skin variants at both rs16891982 and rs1426654." & "Interestingly, the eye and light skin pigmentation phenotypes observed in all SHGs could potentially be explained by admixture between WHG and EHG groups. The high relative-frequency of the blue-eye color allele in SHGs, resembles WHG, while the intermediate frequencies of the skin color determining SNPs in SHGs seem more likely to have come from EHG, since both light-pigmented alleles are virtually absent from WHG. However, for all three well-characterized skin and eye-color associated SNPs, the SHGs display a frequency that is greater for the light-skin variants and the blue-eye variant than can be expected from a mixture of WHGs and EHGs. This observation indicates that the frequencies may have increased due to continued adaptation to a low light conditions." Günther, Torsten; Malmström, Helena; Svensson, Emma M.; Omrak, Ayça; Sánchez-Quinto, Federico; Kılınç, Gülşah M.; Krzewińska, Maja; Eriksson, Gunilla; Fraser, Magdalena; Edlund, Hanna; Munters, Arielle R. (9 January 2018). "Population genomics of Mesolithic Scandinavia: Investigating early postglacial migration routes and high-latitude adaptation". PLOS Biology. 16 (1): e2003703. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2003703. ISSN1545-7885. PMC5760011. PMID29315301.
