Scientific racism (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Scientific racism" in English language version.

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35doi.org

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allthingsliberty.com

"Thomas Jefferson, Scientist". Journal of the American Revolution. August 20, 2015. Retrieved September 2, 2020.

amazon.com

"Outstanding Synthesis of Current Work on IQ". www.amazon.com. Retrieved April 29, 2020.

archive.org

Gould 1981, pp. 28–29. "Few tragedies can be more extensive than the stunting of life, few injustices deeper than the denial of an opportunity to strive or even to hope, by a limit imposed from without, but falsely identified as lying within". Gould, Stephen Jay (1981). The Mismeasure of Man. New York: W W Norton and Co. ISBN 978-0-393-01489-1.
Walsh (2011), p. 171 Walsh, Judith E. (2011), A Brief History of India, Facts On File, ISBN 978-0816081431
Efron 1994 Efron, John M. (1994). Defenders of the race: Jewish doctors and race science in fin-de-siècle Europe. New Haven CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300054408.
Dubow, Saul (1995). Scientific Racism in Modern South Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521479073.
Slater, David; Taylor, Peter J. (1999). The American Century: Consensus and Coercion in the Projection of American Power. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 290. ISBN 978-0631212225.
Gould, S.J. (1996). The Mismeasure of Man. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393314250.
Günther, Hans F. K. (1930). Rassenkunde des deutschen Volkes [Racial Science of the German People] (in German). München: J. F. Lehmann.
Koonz, Claudia (2003). "Ethnic Revival and Racist Anxiety". The Nazi Conscience. Harvard University Press. pp. 103–130. ISBN 9780674011724.
Ferguson, G.O. (April 1916). "The Psychology of the Negro". Archives of Psychology. 36: 125.
Haley, Alex (April 1966). "Interview: George Lincoln Rockwell". Playboy.

books.google.com

Linnaeus used the Latin term: diurnus, varians cultura, loco: Systema Naturae, 13th edition, p. 29
Harris, Marvin (2001) [1968]. The Rise of Anthropological Theory: A History of Theories of Culture (Updated ed.). Walnut Creek, California: AltaMira Press. pp. 84–87, 110–111. ISBN 978-0-7591-1699-3.
Washington, Harriet A. (2008). Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 42. ISBN 978-0767929394.
Gray, Richard T. (2004). "Learning to See (Race): Ludwig Ferdinand Clauss's Racial Psychology as Applied Phenomenology". About Face: German Physiognomic Thought from Lavater to Auschwitz. Wayne State University Press. pp. 273–332, 393–396. ISBN 9780814331798. Rasse und Seele has a curious publication history. The first edition appeared under this title in 1926 with the subtitle "Eine Einführung in die Gegenwart" (An Introduction to the contemporary world). A second, heavily revised edition appeared in 1929 under an entirely different title, Von Seele und Antlitz der Rassen und Völker (On the soul and face of races and nations). A third revised edition, which returned to the original title Rasse und Seele, was published in 1934, this time with the subtitle of "Eine Einführung in den Sinn der leiblichen Gestalt" (An introduction to the meaning of somatic form), and this latter edition remained the basis for all subsequent printings ... [t]he content of the three books is similar, though the various editions tend to organize this material in very different ways.
Smith, Justin E. H. (2015). "The Nature of Science and the Nature of Philosophy". Nature, Human Nature, and Human Difference. Princeton University Press. pp. 10–15. ISBN 978-1400866311.
Mineau, André (2004). "Conclusion: Anthropology and the Peculiarities of the East". Operation Barbarossa: Ideology and Ethics against Human Dignity. Rodopi. pp. 180–182. ISBN 9789042016330.
Eysenck, Hans Jürgen; Fulker, David W. (1979). "Intelligence: The Development of a Concept". The Structure & Measurement of Intelligence. Die Naturwissenschaften. Vol. 68. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. pp. 8–31. doi:10.1007/bf00365371. ISBN 9781412839235. PMID 7300910. S2CID 7319985.
Juliet Hooker, Theorizing Race in the Americas: Douglass, Sarmiento, Du Bois, and Vasconcelos (Oxford University Press, 2017), pp. 9–10.

brynmawr.edu

serendip.brynmawr.edu

Gloria Ramon (2002), "Race: Social Concept, Biological Idea"

calvin.edu

research.calvin.edu

Rodenfels, H. (2007) [Published in German in May 1939]. "Frauen, die nicht Mutter werden dürfen" [Women Who May Not Be Allowed to become Mothers]. Neues Volk. Vol. 7. Translated by Bytwerk, Randall. pp. 16–21 – via German Propaganda Archive.

cell.com

"ASHG Denounces Attempts to Link Genetics and Racial Supremacy" (PDF). The American Journal of Human Genetics. 103 (5): 636. November 1, 2018. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.10.011. PMC 6218810. PMID 30348456.

csicop.org

Kurtz, Paul (September 2004). "Can the Sciences Help Us to Make Wise Ethical Judgments?". Skeptical Inquirer. Archived from the original on November 23, 2007. Retrieved December 1, 2007. There have been abundant illustrations of pseudoscientific theories-monocausal theories of human behavior that were hailed as "scientific"-that have been applied with disastrous results. Examples: ... Many racists today point to IQ to justify a menial role for blacks in society and their opposition to affirmative action.

darwin-online.org.uk

"It may be doubted whether any character can be named which is distinctive of a race and is constant... they graduate into each other, and.. it is hardly possible to discover clear distinctive characters between them... As it is improbable that the numerous and unimportant points of resemblance between the several races of man in bodily structure and mental faculties (I do not here refer to similar customs) should all have been independently acquired, they must have been inherited from progenitors who had these same characters.", Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man p. 225 onwards.

discovermagazine.com

"The Geometer of Race". Discover Magazine. Retrieved May 5, 2023.
Gould, Stephen Jay (November 1994). "The Geometer of Race". Discover. pp. 65–69. ISSN 0274-7529.

doi.org

Norton, Heather L.; Quillen, Ellen E.; Bigham, Abigail W.; Pearson, Laurel N.; Dunsworth, Holly (July 9, 2019). "Human races are not like dog breeds: refuting a racist analogy". Evolution: Education and Outreach. 12 (1): 17. doi:10.1186/s12052-019-0109-y. ISSN 1936-6434. S2CID 255479613.
Templeton, A. (2016). EVOLUTION AND NOTIONS OF HUMAN RACE. In Losos J. & Lenski R. (Eds.), How Evolution Shapes Our Lives: Essays on Biology and Society (pp. 346–361). Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv7h0s6j.26. That this view reflects the consensus among American anthropologists is stated in: Wagner, Jennifer K.; Yu, Joon-Ho; Ifekwunigwe, Jayne O.; Harrell, Tanya M.; Bamshad, Michael J.; Royal, Charmaine D. (February 2017). "Anthropologists' views on race, ancestry, and genetics". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 162 (2): 318–327. doi:10.1002/ajpa.23120. PMC 5299519. PMID 27874171. See also: American Association of Physical Anthropologists (March 27, 2019). "AAPA Statement on Race and Racism". American Association of Physical Anthropologists. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
Diana Smay, George Armelagos (2000). "Galileo wept: A critical assessment of the use of race in forensic anthropolopy" (PDF). Transforming Anthropology. 9 (2): 22–24. doi:10.1525/tran.2000.9.2.19. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 18, 2018. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
Rotimi, Charles N. (2004). "Are medical and nonmedical uses of large-scale genomic markers conflating genetics and 'race'?". Nature Genetics. 36 (11 Suppl): 43–47. doi:10.1038/ng1439. PMID 15508002. Two facts are relevant: (i) as a result of different evolutionary forces, including natural selection, there are geographical patterns of genetic variations that correspond, for the most part, to continental origin; and (ii) observed patterns of geographical differences in genetic information do not correspond to our notion of social identities, including 'race' and 'ethnicity
Staffan Müller-Wille (2014). "Linnaeus and the Four Corners of the World". The Cultural Politics of Blood, 1500–1900. pp. 191–209. doi:10.1057/9781137338211_10. hdl:10871/16833. ISBN 978-1-349-46395-4.
Reid, Gordon McGregor (2009). "Carolus Linnaeus (1707–1778): His Life, Philosophy and Science and Its Relationship to Modern Biology and Medicine". Taxon. 58 (1): 18–31. doi:10.1002/tax.581005. JSTOR 27756820.
Tiedemann, Friedrich (1836). "On the Brain of the Negro, Compared with that of the European and the Orang-outang" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 126: 497–527. Bibcode:1836RSPT..126..497T. doi:10.1098/rstl.1836.0025. S2CID 115347088.
Sheldon, Myrna Perez (2021). "Sexual selection as race making". BJHS Themes. 6: 9–23. doi:10.1017/bjt.2021.2.
Michael, J.S. (1988). "A New Look at Morton's Craniological Research". Current Anthropology. 29 (2): 349–54. doi:10.1086/203646. S2CID 144528631.
Lewis, Jason E.; Degusta, David; Meyer, Marc R.; Monge, Janet M.; Mann, Alan E.; Holloway, Ralph L. (2011). "The Mismeasure of Science: Stephen Jay Gould versus Samuel George Morton on Skulls and Bias". PLOS Biology. 9 (6): e1001071+. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001071. PMC 3110184. PMID 21666803.
Hoffman, Matthew (January 2005). "From Pintele Yid to Racenjude: Chaim Zhitlovsky and Racial Conceptions of Jewishness". Jewish History. 19 (1): 65–78. doi:10.1007/s10835-005-4358-7. S2CID 143976833.
Verbeek, Jennifer (1986). "Racially Segregated School Libraries in KwaZulu/Natal, South Africa". Journal of Librarianship and Information Science. 18 (1): 23–46. doi:10.1177/096100068601800102. S2CID 62204622.
American Psychologist 1996 Neisser, U.; Boodoo, G.; Bouchard, T.J. Jr.; Boykin, A.W.; Brody, N.; Ceci, S.J.; et al. (1996). "Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns" (PDF). American Psychologist. 51 (2): 77–101. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.51.2.77. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 16, 2010. Retrieved February 24, 2011.
Snyderman, M.; Herrnstein, R.J. (1983). "Intelligence Tests and the Immigration Act of 1924". American Psychologist. 38 (9): 986–95. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.38.9.986.
Franco, J.N. (1985). "Intelligence tests and social policy". Journal of Counseling and Development. 64 (4): 278–9. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1985.tb01101.x.
Björkman, Maria; Widmalm, Sven (December 20, 2010). "Selling eugenics: the case of Sweden". Notes and Records of the Royal Society. 64 (4): 379–400. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2010.0009. ISSN 0035-9149. PMID 21553636. S2CID 16786101.
Ericsson, Martin (June 30, 2020). "What happened to 'race' in race biology? The Swedish State Institute for Race Biology, 1936–1960". Scandinavian Journal of History: 1–24. doi:10.1080/03468755.2020.1778520. ISSN 0346-8755.
Eysenck, Hans Jürgen; Fulker, David W. (1979). "Intelligence: The Development of a Concept". The Structure & Measurement of Intelligence. Die Naturwissenschaften. Vol. 68. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. pp. 8–31. doi:10.1007/bf00365371. ISBN 9781412839235. PMID 7300910. S2CID 7319985.
Winston, Andrew S. (May 29, 2020). "Scientific Racism and North American Psychology". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.516. ISBN 978-0-19-023655-7.
Schaffer 2007, pp. 253–78 Schaffer, Gavin (2007). ""'Scientific' Racism Again?": Reginald Gates, the Mankind Quarterly and the Question of "Race" in Science after the Second World War". Journal of American Studies. 41 (2): 253–78. doi:10.1017/S0021875807003477. S2CID 145322934.
"9. Challenges to the Race Concept", Race Unmasked, Columbia University Press, January 31, 2014, doi:10.7312/yude16874-011, ISBN 978-0-231-53799-5
Sussman, Robert Wald (January 31, 2014). The Myth of Race. Cambridge, MA and London, England: Harvard University Press. doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674736160. ISBN 978-0-674-73616-0.
Rushton, J. Philippe; Jensen, Arthur R. (2005). "Wanted: More race realism, less moralistic fallacy". Psychology, Public Policy, and Law. 11 (2): 328–36. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.521.5570. doi:10.1037/1076-8971.11.2.328.
Jensen, Arthur R. (1968). "Social Class, Race, and Genetics: Implications for Education". American Educational Research Journal. 5 (1): 1–42. doi:10.3102/00028312005001001. ISSN 0002-8312. S2CID 38402369.
Scarr, Sandra (1981). "Implicit Messages: A Review of "Bias in Mental Testing"Bias in Mental Testing. Arthur R. Jensen". American Journal of Education. 89 (3): 330–338. doi:10.1086/443584. ISSN 0195-6744. S2CID 147214993.
Rushton, J. Philippe; Whitney, Glayde (2002). "Cross-National Variation in Violent Crime Rates: Race, r-K Theory, and Income". Population and Environment. 23 (6): 501–511. doi:10.1023/a:1016335501805. S2CID 16276258 – via JSTOR.
Powledge, Tabitha M. (1996). "Genetics and the Control of Crime". BioScience. 46 (1): 7–10. doi:10.2307/1312648. ISSN 0006-3568. JSTOR 1312648.
Brand, Chris (2003). "IQ guru talks to Skeptic magazine? Given the chance to explain how he chose to endure denunciation for 'fascism', psychologist Arthur Jensen holds his peace". Heredity. 90 (5): 346–347. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800226. ISSN 1365-2540.
Kerr, Anne; Cunningham-Burley, Sarah; Amos, Amanda (1998). "Eugenics and the New Genetics in Britain: Examining Contemporary Professionals' Accounts". Science, Technology, & Human Values. 23 (2): 175–198. doi:10.1177/016224399802300202. ISSN 0162-2439. PMID 11656684. S2CID 20393035.
Volken, T. (September 1, 2003). "IQ and the Wealth of Nations. A Critique of Richard Lynn and Tatu Vanhanen's Recent Book". European Sociological Review. 19 (4): 411–412. doi:10.1093/esr/19.4.411. ISSN 0266-7215.
Morse, Stephen (2008). "The geography of tyranny and despair: development indicators and the hypothesis of genetic inevitability of national inequality" (PDF). Geographical Journal. 174 (3): 195–206. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4959.2008.00296.x. ISSN 0016-7398. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024 – via University of Surrey Open Research.
Lynn, Richard (2002). "Skin Color and Intelligence in African Americans" (PDF). Population and Environment. 23 (4): 365–375. doi:10.1023/a:1014572602343. ISSN 0199-0039. S2CID 145386366. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 17, 2021.
Hill, Mark E. (2002). "Skin Color and Intelligence in African Americans: A Reanalysis of Lynn's Data" (PDF). Population and Environment. 24 (2): 209–214. doi:10.1023/a:1020704322510. ISSN 0199-0039. S2CID 141143755. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 4, 2021.
Gravlee, Clarence C. (2009). "How race becomes biology: Embodiment of social inequality". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 139 (1): 47–57. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20983. PMID 19226645.
"ASHG Denounces Attempts to Link Genetics and Racial Supremacy" (PDF). The American Journal of Human Genetics. 103 (5): 636. November 1, 2018. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.10.011. PMC 6218810. PMID 30348456.

elsevier.com

journals.elsevier.com

"Personality and Individual Differences Retracts Rushton and Templer Article". Elsevier. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2020.

emory.edu

anthropology.emory.edu

Diana Smay, George Armelagos (2000). "Galileo wept: A critical assessment of the use of race in forensic anthropolopy" (PDF). Transforming Anthropology. 9 (2): 22–24. doi:10.1525/tran.2000.9.2.19. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 18, 2018. Retrieved July 13, 2016.

files.wordpress.com

lesacreduprintemps19.files.wordpress.com

Lynn, Richard (2002). "Skin Color and Intelligence in African Americans" (PDF). Population and Environment. 23 (4): 365–375. doi:10.1023/a:1014572602343. ISSN 0199-0039. S2CID 145386366. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 17, 2021.
Hill, Mark E. (2002). "Skin Color and Intelligence in African Americans: A Reanalysis of Lynn's Data" (PDF). Population and Environment. 24 (2): 209–214. doi:10.1023/a:1020704322510. ISSN 0199-0039. S2CID 141143755. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 4, 2021.

fof.se

"En meningslös sortering av människor". Forskning & Framsteg. Retrieved November 7, 2016.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Staffan Müller-Wille (2014). "Linnaeus and the Four Corners of the World". The Cultural Politics of Blood, 1500–1900. pp. 191–209. doi:10.1057/9781137338211_10. hdl:10871/16833. ISBN 978-1-349-46395-4.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Tiedemann, Friedrich (1836). "On the Brain of the Negro, Compared with that of the European and the Orang-outang" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 126: 497–527. Bibcode:1836RSPT..126..497T. doi:10.1098/rstl.1836.0025. S2CID 115347088.

idw-online.de

nachrichten.idw-online.de

"'Human races' do not exist". Nachrichten Informationsdienst Wissenschaft (in German). September 10, 2019. Retrieved November 17, 2023.

illinois.edu

psych.illinois.edu

American Psychologist 1996 Neisser, U.; Boodoo, G.; Bouchard, T.J. Jr.; Boykin, A.W.; Brody, N.; Ceci, S.J.; et al. (1996). "Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns" (PDF). American Psychologist. 51 (2): 77–101. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.51.2.77. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 16, 2010. Retrieved February 24, 2011.

jaacap.com

Alexander Thomas and Samuell Sillen (1972). Racism and Psychiatry. New York: Carol Publishing Group.

jstor.org

Reid, Gordon McGregor (2009). "Carolus Linnaeus (1707–1778): His Life, Philosophy and Science and Its Relationship to Modern Biology and Medicine". Taxon. 58 (1): 18–31. doi:10.1002/tax.581005. JSTOR 27756820.
Powledge, Tabitha M. (1996). "Genetics and the Control of Crime". BioScience. 46 (1): 7–10. doi:10.2307/1312648. ISSN 0006-3568. JSTOR 1312648.
Mills, Malcolm. The Journal of African American History, vol. 94, no. 1, [The University of Chicago Press, Association for the Study of African American Life and History], 2009, pp. 101–03, JSTOR 25610054.

laboratoriogene.info

Tiedemann, Friedrich (1836). "On the Brain of the Negro, Compared with that of the European and the Orang-outang" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 126: 497–527. Bibcode:1836RSPT..126..497T. doi:10.1098/rstl.1836.0025. S2CID 115347088.

levandehistoria.se

"Kapitel 3: Rasbiologin i Sverige". Forum för levande historia. Retrieved November 7, 2016.

linnean.org

"Linnaeus and Race". The Linnean Society. Retrieved May 5, 2023.
Mary J. Morris & Leonie Berwick (2008), The Linnaean Legacy: Three Centuries after his birth Archived 2013-05-13 at the Wayback Machine, A forum for natural history. The Linnean Special Issue No. 8. Linnean Society of London, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London. Was Linnaeus a racist?, p. 25

mpg.de

shh.mpg.de

"Jenaer Erklärung". Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology. September 10, 2019. Retrieved November 17, 2023.

msu.edu

h-net.msu.edu

Richard Bodek. "Review of John M. Efron, Defenders of the Race: Jewish Doctors & Race Science in Fin-de-Siècle Europe", H-SAE, H-Net Reviews, May 1996 (in English)

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Garros, Joel Z. (January 9, 2006). "A brave old world: an analysis of scientific racism and BiDil". McGill Journal of Medicine. 9 (1): 54–60. PMC 2687899. PMID 19529811.
Templeton, A. (2016). EVOLUTION AND NOTIONS OF HUMAN RACE. In Losos J. & Lenski R. (Eds.), How Evolution Shapes Our Lives: Essays on Biology and Society (pp. 346–361). Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv7h0s6j.26. That this view reflects the consensus among American anthropologists is stated in: Wagner, Jennifer K.; Yu, Joon-Ho; Ifekwunigwe, Jayne O.; Harrell, Tanya M.; Bamshad, Michael J.; Royal, Charmaine D. (February 2017). "Anthropologists' views on race, ancestry, and genetics". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 162 (2): 318–327. doi:10.1002/ajpa.23120. PMC 5299519. PMID 27874171. See also: American Association of Physical Anthropologists (March 27, 2019). "AAPA Statement on Race and Racism". American Association of Physical Anthropologists. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
Rotimi, Charles N. (2004). "Are medical and nonmedical uses of large-scale genomic markers conflating genetics and 'race'?". Nature Genetics. 36 (11 Suppl): 43–47. doi:10.1038/ng1439. PMID 15508002. Two facts are relevant: (i) as a result of different evolutionary forces, including natural selection, there are geographical patterns of genetic variations that correspond, for the most part, to continental origin; and (ii) observed patterns of geographical differences in genetic information do not correspond to our notion of social identities, including 'race' and 'ethnicity
Garrod, Joel Z. (2006). "A Brave Old World: An Analysis of Scientific Racism and BiDil". McGill Journal of Medicine. 9 (1): 54–60. PMC 2687899. PMID 19529811.
Lewis, Jason E.; Degusta, David; Meyer, Marc R.; Monge, Janet M.; Mann, Alan E.; Holloway, Ralph L. (2011). "The Mismeasure of Science: Stephen Jay Gould versus Samuel George Morton on Skulls and Bias". PLOS Biology. 9 (6): e1001071+. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001071. PMC 3110184. PMID 21666803.
Davis, Bernard (1983). "Neo-Lysenkoism, IQ and the Press". The Public Interest. 74 (2): 45. PMID 11632811.
Björkman, Maria; Widmalm, Sven (December 20, 2010). "Selling eugenics: the case of Sweden". Notes and Records of the Royal Society. 64 (4): 379–400. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2010.0009. ISSN 0035-9149. PMID 21553636. S2CID 16786101.
Eysenck, Hans Jürgen; Fulker, David W. (1979). "Intelligence: The Development of a Concept". The Structure & Measurement of Intelligence. Die Naturwissenschaften. Vol. 68. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. pp. 8–31. doi:10.1007/bf00365371. ISBN 9781412839235. PMID 7300910. S2CID 7319985.
Kerr, Anne; Cunningham-Burley, Sarah; Amos, Amanda (1998). "Eugenics and the New Genetics in Britain: Examining Contemporary Professionals' Accounts". Science, Technology, & Human Values. 23 (2): 175–198. doi:10.1177/016224399802300202. ISSN 0162-2439. PMID 11656684. S2CID 20393035.
Gravlee, Clarence C. (2009). "How race becomes biology: Embodiment of social inequality". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 139 (1): 47–57. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20983. PMID 19226645.
"ASHG Denounces Attempts to Link Genetics and Racial Supremacy" (PDF). The American Journal of Human Genetics. 103 (5): 636. November 1, 2018. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.10.011. PMC 6218810. PMID 30348456.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Garros, Joel Z. (January 9, 2006). "A brave old world: an analysis of scientific racism and BiDil". McGill Journal of Medicine. 9 (1): 54–60. PMC 2687899. PMID 19529811.
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