Scipio Africanus (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Scipio Africanus" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

23doi.org

2^nd place

22wikisource.org

27^th place

51^st place

16books.google.com

3^rd place

13worldcat.org

5^th place

12brill.com

1,840^th place

1,115^th place

8oxfordre.com

4,783^rd place

3,049^th place

8uchicago.edu

230^th place

214^th place

3jstor.org

26^th place

20^th place

2academia.edu

121^st place

142^nd place

2semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

2nationalgallery.org.uk

4,824^th place

4,770^th place

1archives-ouvertes.fr

1,031^st place

879^th place

1forumancientcoins.com

low place

1ifrance.com

low place

1diotima-doctafemina.org

low place

1tufts.edu

155^th place

138^th place

1stackexchange.com

1,983^rd place

1,330^th place

academia.edu

Canto, Alicia M (2004). "Itálica, sedes natalis de Adriano. 31 textos históricos y argumentos para una secular polémica (2004)". Athenaeum (in Spanish). 92: 367–408.
Canto, Alicia M (2006). "Sobre el origen bético de Teodosio I el Grande, y su improbable nacimiento en Cauca de Gallaecia (2006)". Latomus (in Spanish). 65 (2): 388–421.

archives-ouvertes.fr

hal.archives-ouvertes.fr

Etcheto 2012, pp. 274–278. Etcheto, Henri (2012). Les Scipions: famille et pouvoir à Rome à l'époque républicaine (in French). Bordeaux: Ausonius Éditions. ISBN 978-2-35613-073-0.

books.google.com

Briscoe 2012; Polyb., 10.3.5. Pliny the Elder, writing in the 1st century AD, mentions that Scipio refused the civic crown for the deed. Goldsworthy 2003, p. 53, citing Plin. NH, 16.14. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Goldsworthy, Adrian (2003). In the name of Rome: the men who won the Roman empire. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-22183-1.
Goldsworthy 2003, p. 53. Goldsworthy, Adrian (2003). In the name of Rome: the men who won the Roman empire. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-22183-1.
Ridley, R T (1975). "Was Scipio Africanus at Cannae?". Latomus. 34 (1): 161–165. ISSN 0023-8856. JSTOR 41529611. Ridley cites Scullard 1929, p. 38. Scullard, H H (1929). Scipio Africanus in the Second Punic War (PhD thesis). Cambridge University.
Goldsworthy 2003, p. 56. Goldsworthy, Adrian (2003). In the name of Rome: the men who won the Roman empire. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-22183-1.
Goldsworthy 2003, p. 51. Goldsworthy, Adrian (2003). In the name of Rome: the men who won the Roman empire. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-22183-1.
Drogula 2015, pp. 285, 298–299 n. 4, citing Livy, 28.40.1–2 and Plut. Fab., 25.2. Drogula, Fred (2015). Commanders & command in the Roman republic and early empire. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-2314-6. OCLC 905949529. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Goldsworthy 2003, p. 75. Goldsworthy, Adrian (2003). In the name of Rome: the men who won the Roman empire. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-22183-1.
Drogula 2015, p. 136. Drogula, Fred (2015). Commanders & command in the Roman republic and early empire. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-2314-6. OCLC 905949529.
Goldsworthy 2003, p. 76; Broughton 1951, p. 308. Goldsworthy, Adrian (2003). In the name of Rome: the men who won the Roman empire. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-22183-1. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Drogula 2015, p. 313, citing Livy, 30.24.1–4; Broughton 1951, p. 311 Drogula, Fred (2015). Commanders & command in the Roman republic and early empire. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-2314-6. OCLC 905949529. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Drogula 2015, p. 134 n. 11, citing Livy, 30.27.1–4. Scipio's position was regardless confirmed by plebiscite in Rome. Broughton 1951, pp. 317, 320. Drogula, Fred (2015). Commanders & command in the Roman republic and early empire. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-2314-6. OCLC 905949529. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Goldsworthy 2003, p. 76. Goldsworthy, Adrian (2003). In the name of Rome: the men who won the Roman empire. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-22183-1.
Harris, W V. "Roman expansion in the west". In CAH² 8 (1989), p. 110. "The reimposition of Roman power in northern Italy had a high priority, and each year from 201 to 190 the senate assigned one or both consuls to that region". Astin, A E; et al., eds. (1989). Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 BC. Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. 8 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23448-4. OCLC 916019669.
- Goldsworthy 2003, p. 77, citing Livy, 35.14. Goldsworthy, Adrian (2003). In the name of Rome: the men who won the Roman empire. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-22183-1. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
- Miles 1995, pp. 59–60, referencing Livy, 39.52. Miles, Gary B (1995). Livy: reconstructing early Rome. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-1-5017-2461-9.
- Richardson, L (1992). A new topographical dictionary of ancient Rome. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 359. ISBN 978-0-8018-4300-6.

brill.com

Gruen 1995, p. 61 n. 3, citing Livy, 28.38.2–4; Val. Max., 2.8.5; Dio, 17.57.6. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Valerius Maximus (2004). Memorable deeds and sayings: one thousand tales from ancient Rome. Translated by Walker, Henry. Indianapolis: Hackett. ISBN 0-87220-675-0. OCLC 53231884.
Gruen 1995, p. 70, citing Livy, 30.45.3. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Gruen 1995, p. 65. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, p. 69. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, p. 71. "[N]ew heights of extravagance". Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, p. 73. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, p. 87. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, p. 74. "No reconstruction can reconcile all the conflicting testimony". Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, pp. 75–77, 86. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, p. 79, citing, among others, Polyb., 23.14.8–11; Livy, 38.55.10–13; Val. Max., 3.7.1d. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Valerius Maximus (2004). Memorable deeds and sayings: one thousand tales from ancient Rome. Translated by Walker, Henry. Indianapolis: Hackett. ISBN 0-87220-675-0. OCLC 53231884.
Gruen 1995, pp. 80–81. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, p. 88. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.

diotima-doctafemina.org

Lefkowitz, Mary; Fant, Maureen (1992). "Women's Life in Greece and Rome (selections): 53. Womanly virtue". Diotíma.

doi.org

Briscoe 2012; Polyb., 10.3.5. Pliny the Elder, writing in the 1st century AD, mentions that Scipio refused the civic crown for the deed. Goldsworthy 2003, p. 53, citing Plin. NH, 16.14. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Goldsworthy, Adrian (2003). In the name of Rome: the men who won the Roman empire. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-22183-1.
Briscoe 2012. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.
Gruen 1995, p. 61 n. 3, citing Livy, 28.38.2–4; Val. Max., 2.8.5; Dio, 17.57.6. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Valerius Maximus (2004). Memorable deeds and sayings: one thousand tales from ancient Rome. Translated by Walker, Henry. Indianapolis: Hackett. ISBN 0-87220-675-0. OCLC 53231884.
Richardson, J S (1975). "The triumph, the praetors and the senate in the early second century BC". Journal of Roman Studies. 65: 50–63. doi:10.2307/370063. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 370063. S2CID 163561022.
Gruen 1995, p. 70, citing Livy, 30.45.3. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Briscoe 1989, pp. 74, 73; Briscoe 2012. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.
Broughton 1951, p. 327; Briscoe 2012. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.
Gruen, Erich S (1972). "Review of "Scipio Africanus: Soldier and Politician"". American Journal of Philology. 93 (2): 377–380. doi:10.2307/293271. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 293271. Gruen writes also "there is no hint of an eclipse" politically and calls Scullard's inference that there was one "unfounded".
Briscoe 2012; Broughton 1951, p. 348. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Briscoe 2012; Broughton 1951, pp. 348–349. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Griffith, G T; Sherwin-White, S M; van der Spek, R J (2012). "Antiochus (3) III". Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.505. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.
Gruen 1995, p. 65. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, p. 69. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Briscoe, John (7 March 2016). "Cornelius Scipio Asiagenes, Lucius". Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1868. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.
Gruen 1995, p. 71. "[N]ew heights of extravagance". Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, p. 73. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, p. 87. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, p. 74. "No reconstruction can reconcile all the conflicting testimony". Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, pp. 75–77, 86. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, p. 79, citing, among others, Polyb., 23.14.8–11; Livy, 38.55.10–13; Val. Max., 3.7.1d. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Valerius Maximus (2004). Memorable deeds and sayings: one thousand tales from ancient Rome. Translated by Walker, Henry. Indianapolis: Hackett. ISBN 0-87220-675-0. OCLC 53231884.
Gruen 1995, pp. 80–81. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, p. 88. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Lushkov, A Haimson (2014). "Narrative and notice in Livy's fourth decade: the case of Scipio Africanus". Classical Antiquity. 33 (1): 102–129. doi:10.1525/CA.2014.33.1.102. ISSN 0278-6656. S2CID 149035118. Lushkov notes also, p. 121 n. 53, that Livy, 38.56.4 merely claims it is said that statutes of Scipios Africanus and Asiagenes adorn the tomb. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.

forumancientcoins.com

"Barba – NumisWiki, The Collaborative Numismatics Project". Forumancientcoins.com. Retrieved 19 October 2012.

ifrance.com

ojourdui.ifrance.com

Livy, Roman History, XXVI, 50 (extract)

jstor.org

Ridley, R T (1975). "Was Scipio Africanus at Cannae?". Latomus. 34 (1): 161–165. ISSN 0023-8856. JSTOR 41529611. Ridley cites Scullard 1929, p. 38. Scullard, H H (1929). Scipio Africanus in the Second Punic War (PhD thesis). Cambridge University.
Richardson, J S (1975). "The triumph, the praetors and the senate in the early second century BC". Journal of Roman Studies. 65: 50–63. doi:10.2307/370063. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 370063. S2CID 163561022.
Gruen, Erich S (1972). "Review of "Scipio Africanus: Soldier and Politician"". American Journal of Philology. 93 (2): 377–380. doi:10.2307/293271. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 293271. Gruen writes also "there is no hint of an eclipse" politically and calls Scullard's inference that there was one "unfounded".

nationalgallery.org.uk

"Giulio Licinio | The Continence of Scipio | NG643.2 | The National Gallery, London". Nationalgallery.org.uk. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
"Raphael | An Allegory ('Vision of a Knight') | NG213 | The National Gallery, London". Nationalgallery.org.uk. Retrieved 19 October 2012.

oxfordre.com

Briscoe 2012; Polyb., 10.3.5. Pliny the Elder, writing in the 1st century AD, mentions that Scipio refused the civic crown for the deed. Goldsworthy 2003, p. 53, citing Plin. NH, 16.14. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Goldsworthy, Adrian (2003). In the name of Rome: the men who won the Roman empire. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-22183-1.
Briscoe 2012. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.
Briscoe 1989, pp. 74, 73; Briscoe 2012. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.
Broughton 1951, p. 327; Briscoe 2012. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.
Briscoe 2012; Broughton 1951, p. 348. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Briscoe 2012; Broughton 1951, pp. 348–349. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Griffith, G T; Sherwin-White, S M; van der Spek, R J (2012). "Antiochus (3) III". Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.505. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.
Briscoe, John (7 March 2016). "Cornelius Scipio Asiagenes, Lucius". Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1868. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Richardson, J S (1975). "The triumph, the praetors and the senate in the early second century BC". Journal of Roman Studies. 65: 50–63. doi:10.2307/370063. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 370063. S2CID 163561022.
Lushkov, A Haimson (2014). "Narrative and notice in Livy's fourth decade: the case of Scipio Africanus". Classical Antiquity. 33 (1): 102–129. doi:10.1525/CA.2014.33.1.102. ISSN 0278-6656. S2CID 149035118. Lushkov notes also, p. 121 n. 53, that Livy, 38.56.4 merely claims it is said that statutes of Scipios Africanus and Asiagenes adorn the tomb. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.

stackexchange.com

gaming.stackexchange.com

"How to get good generals in Centurion: Defender of Rome?". Retrieved 8 September 2019.

tufts.edu

perseus.tufts.edu

"Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 35, chapter 14". www.perseus.tufts.edu.

uchicago.edu

penelope.uchicago.edu

Briscoe 2012; Polyb., 10.3.5. Pliny the Elder, writing in the 1st century AD, mentions that Scipio refused the civic crown for the deed. Goldsworthy 2003, p. 53, citing Plin. NH, 16.14. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Goldsworthy, Adrian (2003). In the name of Rome: the men who won the Roman empire. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-22183-1.
Broughton 1951, p. 263. Livy, 25.2.6, wrongly dates this to 212 BC; patricians held the curule aedileship in odd years, implying 213. Broughton also dismisses the "story that Scipio won election both for himself and his brother" – originating in Polyb., 10.4–5 – as "intrinsically improbable" and notes its general scholarly rejection. Broughton 1951, p. 267 n. 4. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Polyb., 10.15.4–5. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Briscoe 1989, p. 60, citing Polyb., 11.20–24; Livy, 28.1–28.4.4, 12.10–16, 19–21. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Broughton 1951, pp. 299–300, noting Lentulus was another privatus cum imperio; both Lentulus and Acidinus were prorogued pro consule. Lentulus and Acidinus are those reported at Livy, 28.38.1; Polyb., 11.33.8 instead has Scipio leave Silanus and Lucius Marcius Septimius – one of Scipio's legates – in command. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Broughton 1951, p. 299, citing Livy, 28.38.4, 31.20.3; Polyb., 11.33.7; App. Hisp., 38. Broughton also suggests the possibility of an ovatio. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Broughton 1951, p. 321, citing Polyb., 16.23.5. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Gruen 1995, p. 79, citing, among others, Polyb., 23.14.8–11; Livy, 38.55.10–13; Val. Max., 3.7.1d. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Valerius Maximus (2004). Memorable deeds and sayings: one thousand tales from ancient Rome. Translated by Walker, Henry. Indianapolis: Hackett. ISBN 0-87220-675-0. OCLC 53231884.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

Livy, 22.53. See also, on Metellus, Broughton 1951, p. 260. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Broughton 1951, p. 263. Livy, 25.2.6, wrongly dates this to 212 BC; patricians held the curule aedileship in odd years, implying 213. Broughton also dismisses the "story that Scipio won election both for himself and his brother" – originating in Polyb., 10.4–5 – as "intrinsically improbable" and notes its general scholarly rejection. Broughton 1951, p. 267 n. 4. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Livy, 25.2. Livy also records Scipio's response: "If the Quirites are unanimous in their desire to appoint me aedile, I am quite old enough". Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Briscoe 1989, p. 59, citing Livy, 35.32–39. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Briscoe 1989, p. 59, citing Livy, 26.17–20. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Briscoe 1989, p. 55, citing Livy, 26.38–39, 27.1–2, 27.12–16. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Briscoe 1989, p. 60, citing Polyb., 11.20–24; Livy, 28.1–28.4.4, 12.10–16, 19–21. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Briscoe 1989, pp. 60–61, citing Livy, 28.38.1 for the turnover in command. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Broughton 1951, pp. 299–300, noting Lentulus was another privatus cum imperio; both Lentulus and Acidinus were prorogued pro consule. Lentulus and Acidinus are those reported at Livy, 28.38.1; Polyb., 11.33.8 instead has Scipio leave Silanus and Lucius Marcius Septimius – one of Scipio's legates – in command. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Broughton 1951, p. 299, citing Livy, 28.38.4, 31.20.3; Polyb., 11.33.7; App. Hisp., 38. Broughton also suggests the possibility of an ovatio. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Gruen 1995, p. 61 n. 3, citing Livy, 28.38.2–4; Val. Max., 2.8.5; Dio, 17.57.6. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Valerius Maximus (2004). Memorable deeds and sayings: one thousand tales from ancient Rome. Translated by Walker, Henry. Indianapolis: Hackett. ISBN 0-87220-675-0. OCLC 53231884.
Livy, 28.38. "[A]ll the centuries voted amidst much enthusiasm for Scipio... It is recorded that a larger number of voters took part in that election than at any other time during the war. They had come from all parts, not only to give their votes, but also to get sight of Scipio". Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Drogula 2015, pp. 285, 298–299 n. 4, citing Livy, 28.40.1–2 and Plut. Fab., 25.2. Drogula, Fred (2015). Commanders & command in the Roman republic and early empire. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-2314-6. OCLC 905949529. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Livy, 28.45–46. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Broughton 1951, p. 308, citing Livy, 29.24–36, 30.3.3–30.4.12. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Drogula 2015, p. 313, citing Livy, 30.24.1–4; Broughton 1951, p. 311 Drogula, Fred (2015). Commanders & command in the Roman republic and early empire. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-2314-6. OCLC 905949529. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Drogula 2015, p. 134 n. 11, citing Livy, 30.27.1–4. Scipio's position was regardless confirmed by plebiscite in Rome. Broughton 1951, pp. 317, 320. Drogula, Fred (2015). Commanders & command in the Roman republic and early empire. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-2314-6. OCLC 905949529. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Gruen 1995, p. 70, citing Livy, 30.45.3. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Goldsworthy 2003, p. 77, citing Livy, 35.14. Goldsworthy, Adrian (2003). In the name of Rome: the men who won the Roman empire. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-22183-1. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Gruen 1995, p. 79, citing, among others, Polyb., 23.14.8–11; Livy, 38.55.10–13; Val. Max., 3.7.1d. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Valerius Maximus (2004). Memorable deeds and sayings: one thousand tales from ancient Rome. Translated by Walker, Henry. Indianapolis: Hackett. ISBN 0-87220-675-0. OCLC 53231884.
Lushkov, A Haimson (2014). "Narrative and notice in Livy's fourth decade: the case of Scipio Africanus". Classical Antiquity. 33 (1): 102–129. doi:10.1525/CA.2014.33.1.102. ISSN 0278-6656. S2CID 149035118. Lushkov notes also, p. 121 n. 53, that Livy, 38.56.4 merely claims it is said that statutes of Scipios Africanus and Asiagenes adorn the tomb. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Broughton 1951, p. 377, citing Livy, 38.56.8–9. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Ridley, R T (1975). "Was Scipio Africanus at Cannae?". Latomus. 34 (1): 161–165. ISSN 0023-8856. JSTOR 41529611. Ridley cites Scullard 1929, p. 38. Scullard, H H (1929). Scipio Africanus in the Second Punic War (PhD thesis). Cambridge University.
Baker, Gabriel David (2021). Spare no one: mass violence in Roman warfare. War and Society. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 118–120. ISBN 978-1-5381-1221-2. OCLC 1182021748.
Gruen 1995, p. 61 n. 3, citing Livy, 28.38.2–4; Val. Max., 2.8.5; Dio, 17.57.6. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Valerius Maximus (2004). Memorable deeds and sayings: one thousand tales from ancient Rome. Translated by Walker, Henry. Indianapolis: Hackett. ISBN 0-87220-675-0. OCLC 53231884.
Richardson, J S (1975). "The triumph, the praetors and the senate in the early second century BC". Journal of Roman Studies. 65: 50–63. doi:10.2307/370063. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 370063. S2CID 163561022.
Drogula 2015, pp. 285, 298–299 n. 4, citing Livy, 28.40.1–2 and Plut. Fab., 25.2. Drogula, Fred (2015). Commanders & command in the Roman republic and early empire. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-2314-6. OCLC 905949529. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Drogula 2015, p. 136. Drogula, Fred (2015). Commanders & command in the Roman republic and early empire. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-2314-6. OCLC 905949529.
Drogula 2015, p. 313, citing Livy, 30.24.1–4; Broughton 1951, p. 311 Drogula, Fred (2015). Commanders & command in the Roman republic and early empire. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-2314-6. OCLC 905949529. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Drogula 2015, p. 134 n. 11, citing Livy, 30.27.1–4. Scipio's position was regardless confirmed by plebiscite in Rome. Broughton 1951, pp. 317, 320. Drogula, Fred (2015). Commanders & command in the Roman republic and early empire. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-2314-6. OCLC 905949529. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Scullard 1970, p. 191. Scullard, H H (1970). Scipio Africanus: soldier and politician. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-40012-1. OCLC 80462.
Gruen, Erich S (1972). "Review of "Scipio Africanus: Soldier and Politician"". American Journal of Philology. 93 (2): 377–380. doi:10.2307/293271. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 293271. Gruen writes also "there is no hint of an eclipse" politically and calls Scullard's inference that there was one "unfounded".
Harris, W V. "Roman expansion in the west". In CAH² 8 (1989), p. 110. "The reimposition of Roman power in northern Italy had a high priority, and each year from 201 to 190 the senate assigned one or both consuls to that region". Astin, A E; et al., eds. (1989). Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 BC. Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. 8 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23448-4. OCLC 916019669.
- Gruen 1995, p. 79, citing, among others, Polyb., 23.14.8–11; Livy, 38.55.10–13; Val. Max., 3.7.1d. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Valerius Maximus (2004). Memorable deeds and sayings: one thousand tales from ancient Rome. Translated by Walker, Henry. Indianapolis: Hackett. ISBN 0-87220-675-0. OCLC 53231884.
- Lushkov, A Haimson (2014). "Narrative and notice in Livy's fourth decade: the case of Scipio Africanus". Classical Antiquity. 33 (1): 102–129. doi:10.1525/CA.2014.33.1.102. ISSN 0278-6656. S2CID 149035118. Lushkov notes also, p. 121 n. 53, that Livy, 38.56.4 merely claims it is said that statutes of Scipios Africanus and Asiagenes adorn the tomb. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.