Scipio Africanus (English Wikipedia)

Gruen 1995, p. 61 n. 3, citing Livy, 28.38.2–4; Val. Max., 2.8.5; Dio, 17.57.6. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Valerius Maximus (2004). Memorable deeds and sayings: one thousand tales from ancient Rome. Translated by Walker, Henry. Indianapolis: Hackett. ISBN 0-87220-675-0. OCLC 53231884.
Gruen 1995, p. 70, citing Livy, 30.45.3. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Gruen 1995, p. 65. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, p. 69. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, p. 71. "[N]ew heights of extravagance". Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, p. 73. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, p. 87. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, p. 74. "No reconstruction can reconcile all the conflicting testimony". Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, pp. 75–77, 86. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, p. 79, citing, among others, Polyb., 23.14.8–11; Livy, 38.55.10–13; Val. Max., 3.7.1d. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Valerius Maximus (2004). Memorable deeds and sayings: one thousand tales from ancient Rome. Translated by Walker, Henry. Indianapolis: Hackett. ISBN 0-87220-675-0. OCLC 53231884.
Gruen 1995, pp. 80–81. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, p. 88. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.

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Lefkowitz, Mary; Fant, Maureen (1992). "Women's Life in Greece and Rome (selections): 53. Womanly virtue". Diotíma.

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Briscoe 2012; Polyb., 10.3.5. Pliny the Elder, writing in the 1st century AD, mentions that Scipio refused the civic crown for the deed. Goldsworthy 2003, p. 53, citing Plin. NH, 16.14. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Goldsworthy, Adrian (2003). In the name of Rome: the men who won the Roman empire. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-22183-1.
Briscoe 2012. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.
Gruen 1995, p. 61 n. 3, citing Livy, 28.38.2–4; Val. Max., 2.8.5; Dio, 17.57.6. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Valerius Maximus (2004). Memorable deeds and sayings: one thousand tales from ancient Rome. Translated by Walker, Henry. Indianapolis: Hackett. ISBN 0-87220-675-0. OCLC 53231884.
Richardson, J S (1975). "The triumph, the praetors and the senate in the early second century BC". Journal of Roman Studies. 65: 50–63. doi:10.2307/370063. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 370063. S2CID 163561022.
Gruen 1995, p. 70, citing Livy, 30.45.3. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Briscoe 1989, pp. 74, 73; Briscoe 2012. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.
Broughton 1951, p. 327; Briscoe 2012. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.
Gruen, Erich S (1972). "Review of "Scipio Africanus: Soldier and Politician"". American Journal of Philology. 93 (2): 377–380. doi:10.2307/293271. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 293271. Gruen writes also "there is no hint of an eclipse" politically and calls Scullard's inference that there was one "unfounded".
Briscoe 2012; Broughton 1951, p. 348. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Briscoe 2012; Broughton 1951, pp. 348–349. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Griffith, G T; Sherwin-White, S M; van der Spek, R J (2012). "Antiochus (3) III". Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.505. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.
Gruen 1995, p. 65. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, p. 69. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Briscoe, John (7 March 2016). "Cornelius Scipio Asiagenes, Lucius". Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1868. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.
Gruen 1995, p. 71. "[N]ew heights of extravagance". Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, p. 73. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, p. 87. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, p. 74. "No reconstruction can reconcile all the conflicting testimony". Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, pp. 75–77, 86. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, p. 79, citing, among others, Polyb., 23.14.8–11; Livy, 38.55.10–13; Val. Max., 3.7.1d. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Valerius Maximus (2004). Memorable deeds and sayings: one thousand tales from ancient Rome. Translated by Walker, Henry. Indianapolis: Hackett. ISBN 0-87220-675-0. OCLC 53231884.
Gruen 1995, pp. 80–81. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Gruen 1995, p. 88. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3.
Lushkov, A Haimson (2014). "Narrative and notice in Livy's fourth decade: the case of Scipio Africanus". Classical Antiquity. 33 (1): 102–129. doi:10.1525/CA.2014.33.1.102. ISSN 0278-6656. S2CID 149035118. Lushkov notes also, p. 121 n. 53, that Livy, 38.56.4 merely claims it is said that statutes of Scipios Africanus and Asiagenes adorn the tomb. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.

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Livy, Roman History, XXVI, 50 (extract)

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Ridley, R T (1975). "Was Scipio Africanus at Cannae?". Latomus. 34 (1): 161–165. ISSN 0023-8856. JSTOR 41529611. Ridley cites Scullard 1929, p. 38. Scullard, H H (1929). Scipio Africanus in the Second Punic War (PhD thesis). Cambridge University.
Richardson, J S (1975). "The triumph, the praetors and the senate in the early second century BC". Journal of Roman Studies. 65: 50–63. doi:10.2307/370063. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 370063. S2CID 163561022.
Gruen, Erich S (1972). "Review of "Scipio Africanus: Soldier and Politician"". American Journal of Philology. 93 (2): 377–380. doi:10.2307/293271. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 293271. Gruen writes also "there is no hint of an eclipse" politically and calls Scullard's inference that there was one "unfounded".

nationalgallery.org.uk (Global: 4,824^th place; English: 4,770^th place)

"Giulio Licinio | The Continence of Scipio | NG643.2 | The National Gallery, London". Nationalgallery.org.uk. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
"Raphael | An Allegory ('Vision of a Knight') | NG213 | The National Gallery, London". Nationalgallery.org.uk. Retrieved 19 October 2012.

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Briscoe 2012; Polyb., 10.3.5. Pliny the Elder, writing in the 1st century AD, mentions that Scipio refused the civic crown for the deed. Goldsworthy 2003, p. 53, citing Plin. NH, 16.14. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Goldsworthy, Adrian (2003). In the name of Rome: the men who won the Roman empire. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-22183-1.
Briscoe 2012. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.
Briscoe 1989, pp. 74, 73; Briscoe 2012. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.
Broughton 1951, p. 327; Briscoe 2012. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.
Briscoe 2012; Broughton 1951, p. 348. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Briscoe 2012; Broughton 1951, pp. 348–349. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Griffith, G T; Sherwin-White, S M; van der Spek, R J (2012). "Antiochus (3) III". Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.505. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.
Briscoe, John (7 March 2016). "Cornelius Scipio Asiagenes, Lucius". Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1868. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.

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Richardson, J S (1975). "The triumph, the praetors and the senate in the early second century BC". Journal of Roman Studies. 65: 50–63. doi:10.2307/370063. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 370063. S2CID 163561022.
Lushkov, A Haimson (2014). "Narrative and notice in Livy's fourth decade: the case of Scipio Africanus". Classical Antiquity. 33 (1): 102–129. doi:10.1525/CA.2014.33.1.102. ISSN 0278-6656. S2CID 149035118. Lushkov notes also, p. 121 n. 53, that Livy, 38.56.4 merely claims it is said that statutes of Scipios Africanus and Asiagenes adorn the tomb. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.

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gaming.stackexchange.com

"How to get good generals in Centurion: Defender of Rome?". Retrieved 8 September 2019.

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penelope.uchicago.edu

Briscoe 2012; Polyb., 10.3.5. Pliny the Elder, writing in the 1st century AD, mentions that Scipio refused the civic crown for the deed. Goldsworthy 2003, p. 53, citing Plin. NH, 16.14. Briscoe, John (2012). "Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius, 'the elder'". Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1867. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Goldsworthy, Adrian (2003). In the name of Rome: the men who won the Roman empire. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-22183-1.
Broughton 1951, p. 263. Livy, 25.2.6, wrongly dates this to 212 BC; patricians held the curule aedileship in odd years, implying 213. Broughton also dismisses the "story that Scipio won election both for himself and his brother" – originating in Polyb., 10.4–5 – as "intrinsically improbable" and notes its general scholarly rejection. Broughton 1951, p. 267 n. 4. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Polyb., 10.15.4–5. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Briscoe 1989, p. 60, citing Polyb., 11.20–24; Livy, 28.1–28.4.4, 12.10–16, 19–21. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Broughton 1951, pp. 299–300, noting Lentulus was another privatus cum imperio; both Lentulus and Acidinus were prorogued pro consule. Lentulus and Acidinus are those reported at Livy, 28.38.1; Polyb., 11.33.8 instead has Scipio leave Silanus and Lucius Marcius Septimius – one of Scipio's legates – in command. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Broughton 1951, p. 299, citing Livy, 28.38.4, 31.20.3; Polyb., 11.33.7; App. Hisp., 38. Broughton also suggests the possibility of an ovatio. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Broughton 1951, p. 321, citing Polyb., 16.23.5. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Gruen 1995, p. 79, citing, among others, Polyb., 23.14.8–11; Livy, 38.55.10–13; Val. Max., 3.7.1d. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Valerius Maximus (2004). Memorable deeds and sayings: one thousand tales from ancient Rome. Translated by Walker, Henry. Indianapolis: Hackett. ISBN 0-87220-675-0. OCLC 53231884.

wikisource.org (Global: 27^th place; English: 51^st place)

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Livy, 22.53. See also, on Metellus, Broughton 1951, p. 260. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Broughton 1951, p. 263. Livy, 25.2.6, wrongly dates this to 212 BC; patricians held the curule aedileship in odd years, implying 213. Broughton also dismisses the "story that Scipio won election both for himself and his brother" – originating in Polyb., 10.4–5 – as "intrinsically improbable" and notes its general scholarly rejection. Broughton 1951, p. 267 n. 4. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Livy, 25.2. Livy also records Scipio's response: "If the Quirites are unanimous in their desire to appoint me aedile, I am quite old enough". Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Briscoe 1989, p. 59, citing Livy, 35.32–39. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Briscoe 1989, p. 59, citing Livy, 26.17–20. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Briscoe 1989, p. 55, citing Livy, 26.38–39, 27.1–2, 27.12–16. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Briscoe 1989, p. 60, citing Polyb., 11.20–24; Livy, 28.1–28.4.4, 12.10–16, 19–21. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Briscoe 1989, pp. 60–61, citing Livy, 28.38.1 for the turnover in command. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Broughton 1951, pp. 299–300, noting Lentulus was another privatus cum imperio; both Lentulus and Acidinus were prorogued pro consule. Lentulus and Acidinus are those reported at Livy, 28.38.1; Polyb., 11.33.8 instead has Scipio leave Silanus and Lucius Marcius Septimius – one of Scipio's legates – in command. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Broughton 1951, p. 299, citing Livy, 28.38.4, 31.20.3; Polyb., 11.33.7; App. Hisp., 38. Broughton also suggests the possibility of an ovatio. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Gruen 1995, p. 61 n. 3, citing Livy, 28.38.2–4; Val. Max., 2.8.5; Dio, 17.57.6. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Valerius Maximus (2004). Memorable deeds and sayings: one thousand tales from ancient Rome. Translated by Walker, Henry. Indianapolis: Hackett. ISBN 0-87220-675-0. OCLC 53231884.
Livy, 28.38. "[A]ll the centuries voted amidst much enthusiasm for Scipio... It is recorded that a larger number of voters took part in that election than at any other time during the war. They had come from all parts, not only to give their votes, but also to get sight of Scipio". Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Drogula 2015, pp. 285, 298–299 n. 4, citing Livy, 28.40.1–2 and Plut. Fab., 25.2. Drogula, Fred (2015). Commanders & command in the Roman republic and early empire. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-2314-6. OCLC 905949529. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Livy, 28.45–46. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Broughton 1951, p. 308, citing Livy, 29.24–36, 30.3.3–30.4.12. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Drogula 2015, p. 313, citing Livy, 30.24.1–4; Broughton 1951, p. 311 Drogula, Fred (2015). Commanders & command in the Roman republic and early empire. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-2314-6. OCLC 905949529. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Drogula 2015, p. 134 n. 11, citing Livy, 30.27.1–4. Scipio's position was regardless confirmed by plebiscite in Rome. Broughton 1951, pp. 317, 320. Drogula, Fred (2015). Commanders & command in the Roman republic and early empire. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-2314-6. OCLC 905949529. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Gruen 1995, p. 70, citing Livy, 30.45.3. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Goldsworthy 2003, p. 77, citing Livy, 35.14. Goldsworthy, Adrian (2003). In the name of Rome: the men who won the Roman empire. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-22183-1. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Gruen 1995, p. 79, citing, among others, Polyb., 23.14.8–11; Livy, 38.55.10–13; Val. Max., 3.7.1d. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Valerius Maximus (2004). Memorable deeds and sayings: one thousand tales from ancient Rome. Translated by Walker, Henry. Indianapolis: Hackett. ISBN 0-87220-675-0. OCLC 53231884.
Lushkov, A Haimson (2014). "Narrative and notice in Livy's fourth decade: the case of Scipio Africanus". Classical Antiquity. 33 (1): 102–129. doi:10.1525/CA.2014.33.1.102. ISSN 0278-6656. S2CID 149035118. Lushkov notes also, p. 121 n. 53, that Livy, 38.56.4 merely claims it is said that statutes of Scipios Africanus and Asiagenes adorn the tomb. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Broughton 1951, p. 377, citing Livy, 38.56.8–9. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.

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Ridley, R T (1975). "Was Scipio Africanus at Cannae?". Latomus. 34 (1): 161–165. ISSN 0023-8856. JSTOR 41529611. Ridley cites Scullard 1929, p. 38. Scullard, H H (1929). Scipio Africanus in the Second Punic War (PhD thesis). Cambridge University.
Baker, Gabriel David (2021). Spare no one: mass violence in Roman warfare. War and Society. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 118–120. ISBN 978-1-5381-1221-2. OCLC 1182021748.
Gruen 1995, p. 61 n. 3, citing Livy, 28.38.2–4; Val. Max., 2.8.5; Dio, 17.57.6. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Valerius Maximus (2004). Memorable deeds and sayings: one thousand tales from ancient Rome. Translated by Walker, Henry. Indianapolis: Hackett. ISBN 0-87220-675-0. OCLC 53231884.
Richardson, J S (1975). "The triumph, the praetors and the senate in the early second century BC". Journal of Roman Studies. 65: 50–63. doi:10.2307/370063. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 370063. S2CID 163561022.
Drogula 2015, pp. 285, 298–299 n. 4, citing Livy, 28.40.1–2 and Plut. Fab., 25.2. Drogula, Fred (2015). Commanders & command in the Roman republic and early empire. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-2314-6. OCLC 905949529. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Drogula 2015, p. 136. Drogula, Fred (2015). Commanders & command in the Roman republic and early empire. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-2314-6. OCLC 905949529.
Drogula 2015, p. 313, citing Livy, 30.24.1–4; Broughton 1951, p. 311 Drogula, Fred (2015). Commanders & command in the Roman republic and early empire. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-2314-6. OCLC 905949529. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Drogula 2015, p. 134 n. 11, citing Livy, 30.27.1–4. Scipio's position was regardless confirmed by plebiscite in Rome. Broughton 1951, pp. 317, 320. Drogula, Fred (2015). Commanders & command in the Roman republic and early empire. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-2314-6. OCLC 905949529. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Scullard 1970, p. 191. Scullard, H H (1970). Scipio Africanus: soldier and politician. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-40012-1. OCLC 80462.
Gruen, Erich S (1972). "Review of "Scipio Africanus: Soldier and Politician"". American Journal of Philology. 93 (2): 377–380. doi:10.2307/293271. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 293271. Gruen writes also "there is no hint of an eclipse" politically and calls Scullard's inference that there was one "unfounded".
Harris, W V. "Roman expansion in the west". In CAH² 8 (1989), p. 110. "The reimposition of Roman power in northern Italy had a high priority, and each year from 201 to 190 the senate assigned one or both consuls to that region". Astin, A E; et al., eds. (1989). Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 BC. Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. 8 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23448-4. OCLC 916019669.
- Gruen 1995, p. 79, citing, among others, Polyb., 23.14.8–11; Livy, 38.55.10–13; Val. Max., 3.7.1d. Gruen, Erich (1995). "The "fall" of the Scipios". In Malkin, I; Rubinsohn, Z W (eds.). Leaders and masses in the Roman world. Mnemosyne Supplements. Vol. 139. Brill. pp. 59–90. doi:10.1163/9789004329447_006. ISBN 978-9-0040-9917-3. Polybius (1922–1927) [2nd century BC]. Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W R. Cambridge: Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Valerius Maximus (2004). Memorable deeds and sayings: one thousand tales from ancient Rome. Translated by Walker, Henry. Indianapolis: Hackett. ISBN 0-87220-675-0. OCLC 53231884.
- Lushkov, A Haimson (2014). "Narrative and notice in Livy's fourth decade: the case of Scipio Africanus". Classical Antiquity. 33 (1): 102–129. doi:10.1525/CA.2014.33.1.102. ISSN 0278-6656. S2CID 149035118. Lushkov notes also, p. 121 n. 53, that Livy, 38.56.4 merely claims it is said that statutes of Scipios Africanus and Asiagenes adorn the tomb. Livy (1905) [1st century AD]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.

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