Scorpion (English Wikipedia)

Benton, T. G. (1991). "The Life History of Euscorpius flavicaudis (Scorpiones, Chactidae)" (PDF). The Journal of Arachnology. 19 (2): 105–110. JSTOR 3705658. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 February 2008. Retrieved 16 January 2008.

archive.org

Koch, Carl Ludwig (1837). Übersicht des Arachnidensystems (in German). C. H. Zeh. pp. 86–92.
Rubio, Manny (2000). "Commonly Available Scorpions". Scorpions: Everything About Purchase, Care, Feeding, and Housing. Barron's. pp. 26–27. ISBN 978-0-7641-1224-9. The Guinness Book of Records claims [...] Heterometrus swammerdami, to be the largest scorpion in the world [9 inches (23 cm)]
Weiss, Allen S. (1996). "Between the sign of the scorpion and the sign of the cross: L'Age d'or". In Kuenzli, Rudolf E. (ed.). Dada and Surrealist Film. MIT Press. pp. 159. ISBN 978-0-262-61121-3.

archives-ouvertes.fr

hal.archives-ouvertes.fr

Magnani, Fabio; Stockar, Rudolf; Lourenço, Wilson R. (2022). "Une nouvelle famille, genre et espèce de scorpion fossile du Calcaire de Meride (Trias Moyen) du Mont San Giorgio (Suisse)A new family, genus and species of fossil scorpion from the Meride Limestone (Middle Triassic) of Monte San Giorgio (Switzerland)". Faunitaxys. 10 (24). Lionel Delaunay: 1–7. doi:10.57800/FAUNITAXYS-10(24).

australian.museum

Murray, Melissa (3 December 2020). "Scorpions". Australian Museum. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2020.

bangkokpost.com

Fernquest, Jon (30 March 2016). "Fried Scorpion Anyone?". Bangkok Post. Archived from the original on 31 May 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2020.

berkeley.edu

ucmp.berkeley.edu

Waggoner, B. M. (12 October 1999). "Eurypterida: Morphology". University of California Museum of Paleontology Berkeley. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 20 October 2020.

biologists.com

journals.biologists.com

Hadley, Neil F. (1970). "Water Relations of the Desert Scorpion, Hadrurus arizonensis". Journal of Experimental Biology. 53 (3): 547–558. doi:10.1242/jeb.53.3.547. PMID 5487163. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 April 2008. Retrieved 30 December 2006.

biorxiv.org

Ontano, Andrew Z.; Gainett, Guilherme; Aharon, Shlomi; Ballesteros, Jesús A.; Benavides, Ligia R.; Corbett, Kevin F.; Gavish-Regev, Efrat; Harvey, Mark S.; Monsma, Scott; Santibáñez-López, Carlos E.; Setton, Emily V. W.; Zehms, Jakob T.; Zeh, Jeanne A.; Zeh, David W.; Sharma, Prashant P. (June 2021). "Taxonomic sampling and rare genomic changes overcome long-branch attraction in the phylogenetic placement of pseudoscorpions". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 38 (6): 2446–2467. doi:10.1093/molbev/msab038. PMC 8136511. PMID 33565584.

books.google.com

Burmeister, Carl Hermann C.; Shuckard, W. E. (trans) (1836). A Manual of Entomology. pp. 613ff. Archived from the original on 31 May 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
Chakravarthy, Akshay Kumar; Sridhara, Shakunthala (2016). Arthropod Diversity and Conservation in the Tropics and Sub-tropics. Springer. p. 60. ISBN 978-981-10-1518-2. Archived from the original on 31 May 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Wanninger, Andreas (2015). Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 3: Ecdysozoa I: Non-Tetraconata. Springer. p. 105. ISBN 978-3-7091-1865-8. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Buma, Adriaan Hopperus; Burris, David G.; Hawley, Alan; Ryan, James M.; Mahoney, Peter F. (2009). "Scorpion sting". Conflict and Catastrophe Medicine: A Practical Guide (2nd ed.). Springer. p. 518. ISBN 978-1-84800-351-4. Archived from the original on 25 November 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
Weiss, Allen S. (1996). "Between the sign of the scorpion and the sign of the cross: L'Age d'or". In Kuenzli, Rudolf E. (ed.). Dada and Surrealist Film. MIT Press. pp. 159. ISBN 978-0-262-61121-3.
Fletcher, David (2017). British Battle Tanks: British-made Tanks of World War II. Bloomsbury. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-4728-2003-7. Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2020.

boxofficemojo.com

"The Scorpion King". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on 16 December 2009. Retrieved 4 January 2010.

britishmuseum.org

"Serqet". British Museum. Archived from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
attrib. to "The Achilles Painter". "Pelike". British Museum. Archived from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2020. in his left [hand] he carries a long spear and a shield with device in black silhouette of a scorpion to left. ... Made in: Attica, Greece ... Findspot: Nola, Italy

britishspiders.org.uk

Fet, V.; Braunwalder, M. E.; Cameron, H. D. (2002). "Scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) Described by Linnaeus" (PDF). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society. 12 (4): 176–182. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 20 October 2020.

cdc.gov

"Insects and Scorpions". NIOSH. 1 July 2016. Archived from the original on 29 July 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.

doi.org

Howard, Richard J.; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Legg, David A.; Pisani, Davide; Lozano-Fernandez, Jesus (2019). "Exploring the Evolution and Terrestrialization of Scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) with Rocks and Clocks". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 19 (1): 71–86. doi:10.1007/s13127-019-00390-7. hdl:10261/217081. ISSN 1439-6092.
Scholtz, Gerhard; Kamenz, Carsten (2006). "The Book Lungs of Scorpiones and Tetrapulmonata (Chelicerata, Arachnida): Evidence for Homology and a Single Terrestrialisation Event of a Common Arachnid Ancestor". Zoology. 109 (1): 2–13. Bibcode:2006Zool..109....2S. doi:10.1016/j.zool.2005.06.003. PMID 16386884.
Dunlop, Jason A.; Tetlie, O. Erik; Prendini, Lorenzo (2008). "Reinterpretation of the Silurian Scorpion Proscorpius osborni (Whitfield): Integrating Data from Palaeozoic and Recent Scorpions". Palaeontology. 51 (2): 303–320. Bibcode:2008Palgy..51..303D. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00749.x.
Kühl, G.; Bergmann, A.; Dunlop, J.; Garwood, R. J.; Rust, J. (2012). "Redescription and Palaeobiology of Palaeoscorpius devonicus Lehmann, 1944 from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate of Germany". Palaeontology. 55 (4): 775–787. Bibcode:2012Palgy..55..775K. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01152.x.
Anderson, Evan P.; Schiffbauer, James D.; Jacquet, Sarah M.; Lamsdell, James C.; Kluessendorf, Joanne; Mikulic, Donald G. (2021). "Stranger than a scorpion: a reassessment of Parioscorpio venator, a problematic arthropod from the Llandoverian Waukesha Lagerstätte". Palaeontology. 64 (3): 429–474. Bibcode:2021Palgy..64..429A. doi:10.1111/pala.12534. ISSN 1475-4983. S2CID 234812878. Archived from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
Gess, R. W. (2013). "The Earliest Record of Terrestrial Animals in Gondwana: a Scorpion from the Famennian (Late Devonian) Witpoort Formation of South Africa". African Invertebrates. 54 (2): 373–379. Bibcode:2013AfrIn..54..373G. doi:10.5733/afin.054.0206. Archived from the original on 6 September 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
Schoenemann, B.; Poschmann, M.; Clarkson ENK (2019). "Insights into the 400 million-year-old eyes of giant sea scorpions (Eurypterida) suggest the structure of Palaeozoic compound eyes". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 17797. Bibcode:2019NatSR...917797S. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53590-8. PMC 6882788. PMID 31780700.
Magnani, Fabio; Stockar, Rudolf; Lourenço, Wilson R. (2022). "Une nouvelle famille, genre et espèce de scorpion fossile du Calcaire de Meride (Trias Moyen) du Mont San Giorgio (Suisse)A new family, genus and species of fossil scorpion from the Meride Limestone (Middle Triassic) of Monte San Giorgio (Switzerland)". Faunitaxys. 10 (24). Lionel Delaunay: 1–7. doi:10.57800/FAUNITAXYS-10(24).
Ontano, Andrew Z.; Gainett, Guilherme; Aharon, Shlomi; Ballesteros, Jesús A.; Benavides, Ligia R.; Corbett, Kevin F.; Gavish-Regev, Efrat; Harvey, Mark S.; Monsma, Scott; Santibáñez-López, Carlos E.; Setton, Emily V. W.; Zehms, Jakob T.; Zeh, Jeanne A.; Zeh, David W.; Sharma, Prashant P. (June 2021). "Taxonomic sampling and rare genomic changes overcome long-branch attraction in the phylogenetic placement of pseudoscorpions". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 38 (6): 2446–2467. doi:10.1093/molbev/msab038. PMC 8136511. PMID 33565584.
Sharma, Prashant P.; Baker, Caitlin M.; Cosgrove, Julia G.; Johnson, Joanne E.; Oberski, Jill T.; Raven, Robert J.; Harvey, Mark S.; Boyer, Sarah L.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2018). "A Revised Dated Phylogeny of Scorpions: Phylogenomic Support for Ancient Divergence of the Temperate Gondwanan Family Bothriuridae". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 122: 37–45. Bibcode:2018MolPE.122...37S. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.01.003. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 29366829.
Benton, T. G. (1992). "The Ecology of the Scorpion Euscorpius flavicaudis in England". Journal of Zoology. 226 (3): 351–368. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1992.tb07484.x.
Gherghel, I.; Sotek, A.; Papes, M.; Strugariu, A.; Fusu, L. (2016). "Ecology and Biogeography of the Endemic Scorpion Euscorpius carpathicus (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae): a Multiscale Analysis". Journal of Arachnology. 44 (1): 88–91. doi:10.1636/P14-22.1. S2CID 87325752.
Farley, R. D. (2011). "The ultrastructure of book lung development in the bark scorpion Centruroides gracilis (Scorpiones: Buthidae) - PMC". Frontiers in Zoology. 8: 18. doi:10.1186/1742-9994-8-18. PMC 3199777. PMID 21791110.
Knowlton, Elizabeth D.; Gaffin, Douglas D. (2011). "Functionally Redundant Peg Sensilla on the Scorpion Pecten". Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 197 (9). Springer: 895–902. doi:10.1007/s00359-011-0650-9. ISSN 0340-7594. PMID 21647695. S2CID 22123929.
Lautié, N.; Soranzo, L.; Lajarille, M.-E.; Stockmann, R. (2007). "Paraxial Organ of a Scorpion: Structural and Ultrastructural Studies of Euscorpius tergestinus Paraxial Organ (Scorpiones, Euscorpiidae)". Invertebrate Reproduction & Development. 51 (2): 77–90. doi:10.1080/07924259.2008.9652258. S2CID 84763256.
Yigit, N.; Benli, M. (2010). "Fine Structural Analysis of the Stinger in Venom Apparatus of the Scorpion Euscorpius mingrelicus (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)". Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases. 16 (1): 76–86. doi:10.1590/s1678-91992010005000003.
van der Meijden, Arie; Kleinteich, Thomas (April 2017). "A biomechanical view on stinger diversity in scorpions". Journal of Anatomy. 230 (4): 497–509. doi:10.1111/joa.12582. PMC 5345679. PMID 28028798.
Hadley, Neil F. (1970). "Water Relations of the Desert Scorpion, Hadrurus arizonensis". Journal of Experimental Biology. 53 (3): 547–558. doi:10.1242/jeb.53.3.547. PMID 5487163. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 April 2008. Retrieved 30 December 2006.
Hoshino, K.; Moura, A. T. V.; De Paula, H. M. G. (2006). "Selection of Environmental Temperature by the Yellow Scorpion Tityus serrulatus Lutz & Mello, 1922 (Scorpiones, Buthidae)". Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases. 12 (1): 59–66. doi:10.1590/S1678-91992006000100005. hdl:11449/68851.
Coelho, P.; Kaliontzopoulou, A.; Rasko, M.; van der Meijden, A. (2017). "A 'Striking' Relationship: Scorpion Defensive Behaviour and its Relation to Morphology and Performance". Functional Ecology. 31 (7): 1390–1404. Bibcode:2017FuEco..31.1390C. doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12855.
Van Staaden, M. J. (1994). "Suricata suricatta" (PDF). Mammalian Species (483): 1–8. doi:10.2307/3504085. JSTOR 3504085. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 March 2016.
Thornton, A.; McAuliffe, K. (2006). "Teaching in wild meerkats" (PDF). Science. 313 (5784): 227–229. Bibcode:2006Sci...313..227T. doi:10.1126/science.1128727. PMID 16840701. S2CID 11490465. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 February 2020.
Holderied, M.; Korine, C.; Moritz, T. (2010). "Hemprich's Long-eared Bat (Otonycteris hemprichii) as a Predator of Scorpions: Whispering Echolocation, Passive Gleaning and Prey Selection". Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 197 (5): 425–433. doi:10.1007/s00359-010-0608-3. PMID 21086132. S2CID 25692517.
van der Meijden, A.; Coelho, P. L.; Sousa, P.; Herrel, A. (2013). "Choose your Weapon: Defensive Behavior is Associated with Morphology and Performance in Scorpions". PLOS ONE. 8 (11): e78955. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...878955V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078955. PMC 3827323. PMID 24236075.
Mattoni, C. I.; García-Hernández, S.; Botero-Trujillo, R.; Ochoa, J. A.; Ojanguren-Affilastro, A. A.; Pinto-da-Rocha, R.; Prendini, L. (2015). "Scorpion Sheds 'Tail' to Escape: Consequences and Implications of Autotomy in Scorpions (Buthidae: Ananteris)". PLOS ONE. 10 (1): e0116639. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1016639M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116639. PMC 4309614. PMID 25629529. S2CID 17870490.
Lourenço, Wilson R. (2008). "Parthenogenesis in Scorpions: Some History – New Data". Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases. 14 (1). doi:10.1590/S1678-91992008000100003. ISSN 1678-9199.
Peretti, A. (1999). "Sexual Cannibalism in Scorpions: Fact or Fiction?". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 68 (4): 485–496. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1999.tb01184.x. ISSN 0024-4066.
Warburg, M. R. (2010). "Reproductive System of Female Scorpion: A Partial Review". The Anatomical Record. 293 (10): 1738–1754. doi:10.1002/ar.21219. PMID 20687160. S2CID 25391120.
Warburg, Michael R. (5 April 2012). "Pre- and Post-parturial Aspects of Scorpion Reproduction: a Review". European Journal of Entomology. 109 (2): 139–146. doi:10.14411/eje.2012.018.
Stachel, Shawn J.; Stockwell, Scott A.; Van Vranken, David L. (August 1999). "The Fluorescence of Scorpions and Cataractogenesis". Chemistry & Biology. 6 (8): 531–539. doi:10.1016/S1074-5521(99)80085-4. PMID 10421760.
Gaffinr, Douglas D.; Bumm, Lloyd A.; Taylor, Matthew S.; Popokina, Nataliya V.; Mann, Shivani (2012). "Scorpion Fluorescence and Reaction to Light". Animal Behaviour. 83 (2): 429–436. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.11.014. S2CID 17041988. Archived from the original on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
Bhoite, R. R.; Bhoite, G. R.; Bagdure, D. N.; Bawaskar, H. S. (2015). "Anaphylaxis to Scorpion Antivenin and its Management Following Envenomation by Indian Red Scorpion, Mesobuthus tamulus". Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine. 19 (9): 547–549. doi:10.4103/0972-5229.164807. PMC 4578200. PMID 26430342.
Feola, A.; Perrone, M. A.; Piscopo, A.; Casella, F.; Della Pietra, B.; Di Mizio, G. (2020). "Autopsy Findings in Case of Fatal Scorpion Sting: A Systematic Review of the Literature". Healthcare. 8 (3): 325. doi:10.3390/healthcare8030325. PMC 7551928. PMID 32899951.
Santos, Maria S.V.; Silva, Cláudio G.L.; Neto, Basílio Silva; Grangeiro Júnior, Cícero R.P.; Lopes, Victor H.G.; Teixeira Júnior, Antônio G.; Bezerra, Deryk A.; Luna, João V.C.P.; Cordeiro, Josué B.; Júnior, Jucier Gonçalves; Lima, Marcos A.P. (2016). "Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects of Scorpionism in the World: A Systematic Review". Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 27 (4): 504–518. doi:10.1016/j.wem.2016.08.003. ISSN 1080-6032. PMID 27912864. Archived from the original on 31 May 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
Dehesa-Dávila, Manuel; Possani, Lourival D. (1994). "Scorpionism and Serotherapy in Mexico". Toxicon. 32 (9): 1015–1018. Bibcode:1994Txcn...32.1015D. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(94)90383-2. ISSN 0041-0101. PMID 7801335.
Santibáñez-López, Carlos; Francke, Oscar; Ureta, Carolina; Possani, Lourival (2015). "Scorpions from Mexico: From Species Diversity to Venom Complexity". Toxins. 8 (1): 2. doi:10.3390/toxins8010002. ISSN 2072-6651. PMC 4728524. PMID 26712787.
Ahmadi, Shirin; Knerr, Julius M.; Argemi, Lídia; Bordon, Karla C. F.; Pucca, Manuela B.; Cerni, Felipe A.; Arantes, Eliane C.; Çalışkan, Figen; Laustsen, Andreas H. (12 May 2020). "Scorpion Venom: Detriments and Benefits". Biomedicines. 8 (5). MDPI AG: 118. doi:10.3390/biomedicines8050118. ISSN 2227-9059. PMC 7277529. PMID 32408604.
Rodríguez de la Vega, Ricardo C.; Vidal, Nicolas; Possani, Lourival D. (2013). "Scorpion Peptides". In Kastin, Abba J. (ed.). Handbook of Biologically Active Peptides (2nd ed.). Academic Press. pp. 423–429. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-385095-9.00059-2. ISBN 978-0-12-385095-9.
Lachenmeier, Dirk W.; Anh, Pham Thi Hoang; Popova, Svetlana; Rehm, Jürgen (11 August 2009). "The Quality of Alcohol Products in Vietnam and Its Implications for Public Health". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 6 (8): 2090–2101. doi:10.3390/ijerph6082090. PMC 2738875. PMID 19742208.
Takeda, A. (2011). "Blumenreiche Handelswege: Ost-westliche Streifzüge auf den Spuren der Fabel Der Skorpion und der Frosch" [Flowery Trade Routes: East-Western forays into the footsteps of the fable The Scorpion and the Frog] (PDF). Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte (in German). 85 (1): 124–152. doi:10.1007/BF03374756. S2CID 170169337. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 November 2020. Retrieved 9 December 2020. (German) Die Moral der Fabel besagt: Manche Menschen handeln von Natur aus mörderisch und selbst-mörderisch zugleich. (English) The moral of the fable says: Some people act naturally murderous and self-murderous at the same time.

dvdtalk.com

Wallis, J. Doyle (2004). "Operation Scorpio". DVD Talk. Archived from the original on 20 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.

earthlife.net

Ramel, Gordon. "The Earthlife Web: The Scorpions". The Earthlife Web. Archived from the original on 9 October 2019. Retrieved 8 April 2010.

european-arachnology.org

Lourenço, Wilson R. (2000). "Reproduction in Scorpions, with Special Reference to Parthenogenesis" (PDF). In Toft, S.; Scharff, N. (eds.). European Arachnology. Aarhus University Press. pp. 74–76. ISBN 978-877934-0015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 May 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2020.

gamespot.com

Provo, Frank (2002). "The Scorpion King: Sword of Osiris Review". GameSpot. Archived from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 24 June 2020.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Howard, Richard J.; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Legg, David A.; Pisani, Davide; Lozano-Fernandez, Jesus (2019). "Exploring the Evolution and Terrestrialization of Scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) with Rocks and Clocks". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 19 (1): 71–86. doi:10.1007/s13127-019-00390-7. hdl:10261/217081. ISSN 1439-6092.
Hoshino, K.; Moura, A. T. V.; De Paula, H. M. G. (2006). "Selection of Environmental Temperature by the Yellow Scorpion Tityus serrulatus Lutz & Mello, 1922 (Scorpiones, Buthidae)". Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases. 12 (1): 59–66. doi:10.1590/S1678-91992006000100005. hdl:11449/68851.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Scholtz, Gerhard; Kamenz, Carsten (2006). "The Book Lungs of Scorpiones and Tetrapulmonata (Chelicerata, Arachnida): Evidence for Homology and a Single Terrestrialisation Event of a Common Arachnid Ancestor". Zoology. 109 (1): 2–13. Bibcode:2006Zool..109....2S. doi:10.1016/j.zool.2005.06.003. PMID 16386884.
Dunlop, Jason A.; Tetlie, O. Erik; Prendini, Lorenzo (2008). "Reinterpretation of the Silurian Scorpion Proscorpius osborni (Whitfield): Integrating Data from Palaeozoic and Recent Scorpions". Palaeontology. 51 (2): 303–320. Bibcode:2008Palgy..51..303D. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00749.x.
Kühl, G.; Bergmann, A.; Dunlop, J.; Garwood, R. J.; Rust, J. (2012). "Redescription and Palaeobiology of Palaeoscorpius devonicus Lehmann, 1944 from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate of Germany". Palaeontology. 55 (4): 775–787. Bibcode:2012Palgy..55..775K. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01152.x.
Anderson, Evan P.; Schiffbauer, James D.; Jacquet, Sarah M.; Lamsdell, James C.; Kluessendorf, Joanne; Mikulic, Donald G. (2021). "Stranger than a scorpion: a reassessment of Parioscorpio venator, a problematic arthropod from the Llandoverian Waukesha Lagerstätte". Palaeontology. 64 (3): 429–474. Bibcode:2021Palgy..64..429A. doi:10.1111/pala.12534. ISSN 1475-4983. S2CID 234812878. Archived from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
Gess, R. W. (2013). "The Earliest Record of Terrestrial Animals in Gondwana: a Scorpion from the Famennian (Late Devonian) Witpoort Formation of South Africa". African Invertebrates. 54 (2): 373–379. Bibcode:2013AfrIn..54..373G. doi:10.5733/afin.054.0206. Archived from the original on 6 September 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
Schoenemann, B.; Poschmann, M.; Clarkson ENK (2019). "Insights into the 400 million-year-old eyes of giant sea scorpions (Eurypterida) suggest the structure of Palaeozoic compound eyes". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 17797. Bibcode:2019NatSR...917797S. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53590-8. PMC 6882788. PMID 31780700.
Sharma, Prashant P.; Baker, Caitlin M.; Cosgrove, Julia G.; Johnson, Joanne E.; Oberski, Jill T.; Raven, Robert J.; Harvey, Mark S.; Boyer, Sarah L.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2018). "A Revised Dated Phylogeny of Scorpions: Phylogenomic Support for Ancient Divergence of the Temperate Gondwanan Family Bothriuridae". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 122: 37–45. Bibcode:2018MolPE.122...37S. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.01.003. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 29366829.
Coelho, P.; Kaliontzopoulou, A.; Rasko, M.; van der Meijden, A. (2017). "A 'Striking' Relationship: Scorpion Defensive Behaviour and its Relation to Morphology and Performance". Functional Ecology. 31 (7): 1390–1404. Bibcode:2017FuEco..31.1390C. doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12855.
Thornton, A.; McAuliffe, K. (2006). "Teaching in wild meerkats" (PDF). Science. 313 (5784): 227–229. Bibcode:2006Sci...313..227T. doi:10.1126/science.1128727. PMID 16840701. S2CID 11490465. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 February 2020.
van der Meijden, A.; Coelho, P. L.; Sousa, P.; Herrel, A. (2013). "Choose your Weapon: Defensive Behavior is Associated with Morphology and Performance in Scorpions". PLOS ONE. 8 (11): e78955. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...878955V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078955. PMC 3827323. PMID 24236075.
Mattoni, C. I.; García-Hernández, S.; Botero-Trujillo, R.; Ochoa, J. A.; Ojanguren-Affilastro, A. A.; Pinto-da-Rocha, R.; Prendini, L. (2015). "Scorpion Sheds 'Tail' to Escape: Consequences and Implications of Autotomy in Scorpions (Buthidae: Ananteris)". PLOS ONE. 10 (1): e0116639. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1016639M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116639. PMC 4309614. PMID 25629529. S2CID 17870490.
Dehesa-Dávila, Manuel; Possani, Lourival D. (1994). "Scorpionism and Serotherapy in Mexico". Toxicon. 32 (9): 1015–1018. Bibcode:1994Txcn...32.1015D. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(94)90383-2. ISSN 0041-0101. PMID 7801335.

huffpost.com

Albers, Susan (15 May 2014). "How to Mindfully Eat a Scorpion". HuffPost. Archived from the original on 13 August 2020. Retrieved 29 July 2020.

iucnredlist.org

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wemjournal.org

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