Scythian religion (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Scythian religion" in English language version.

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Safaee 2020, p. 69. Safaee, Yazdan (2020). "Scythian and Zoroastrian Earth Goddesses: A Comparative Study on Api and Ārmaiti". In Niknami, Kamal-Aldin; Hozhabri, Ali (eds.). Archaeology of Iran in the Historical Period. University of Tehran Science and Humanities Series. Cham, Germany: Springer International Publishing. pp. 65–75. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41776-5_6. ISBN 978-3-030-41776-5. S2CID 219515548.
Bukharin 2013, p. 66. Bukharin, Mikhail Dmitrievich [in Russian] (2013). "Колаксай и его братья (античная традиция о происхождении царской власти у скифов" [Kolaxais and his Brothers (Classical Tradition on the Origin of the Royal Power of the Scythians)]. Аристей: вестник классической филологии и античной истории [Aristaeus: Journal of Classical Philology and Ancient History] (in Russian). 3: 20–80.
Bukharin 2013, p. 23. Bukharin, Mikhail Dmitrievich [in Russian] (2013). "Колаксай и его братья (античная традиция о происхождении царской власти у скифов" [Kolaxais and his Brothers (Classical Tradition on the Origin of the Royal Power of the Scythians)]. Аристей: вестник классической филологии и античной истории [Aristaeus: Journal of Classical Philology and Ancient History] (in Russian). 3: 20–80.
Kullanda 2013, p. 39-41. Kullanda, S. V. [in Russian] (2013). "Скифские этимологии" [Scythian Etymologies]. In Kolganova, G. Y.; Kullanda, S. V. [in Russian]; Nemirovsky, A. A. [in Russian]; Petrova, A. A.; Safronov, A. V. (eds.). Иранский Мир II – I тыс. до н.э. Материалы международной научной конференции, посвященной памяти Эдвина Арвидовича Грантовского и Дмитрия Сергеевича Раевского. Выпуск VI [Iranian World 2nd - 1st millennium BC. Proceedings of the International Scientific conference Dedicated to the Memory of Edwin Arvidovich Grantovsky and Dmitry Sergeevich Raevsky. Issue VI] (in Russian). Moscow, Russia: Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. pp. 38–48. ISBN 978-5-892-82576-4.
Safaee 2020. Safaee, Yazdan (2020). "Scythian and Zoroastrian Earth Goddesses: A Comparative Study on Api and Ārmaiti". In Niknami, Kamal-Aldin; Hozhabri, Ali (eds.). Archaeology of Iran in the Historical Period. University of Tehran Science and Humanities Series. Cham, Germany: Springer International Publishing. pp. 65–75. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41776-5_6. ISBN 978-3-030-41776-5. S2CID 219515548.
Rusyayeva 2007, p. 96. Rusyayeva, A. S. [in Ukrainian] (2007). "Religious Interactions between Olbia and Scythia". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 93–102. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Tokhtasyev 2013, p. 195. Tokhtasyev, Sergey [in Russian] (2013). "Из ономастики Северного Причерноморья. XXI. Τράκανα" [On Onomastics of the Northern Black Sea region. XXI. Τράκανα]. Вестник древней истории [Journal of Ancient History] (in Russian). 281 (1): 193–196. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
Rusyayeva 2007, p. 98. Rusyayeva, A. S. [in Ukrainian] (2007). "Religious Interactions between Olbia and Scythia". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 93–102. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Atwood & Andreeva 2018. Atwood, Christopher P.; Andreeva, Petya (2018). "Camp and audience scenes in late iron age rock drawings from Khawtsgait, Mongolia". Archaeological Research in Asia. 15: 101–109. doi:10.1016/j.ara.2017.11.004. S2CID 194886583.
Ustinova 2005, p. 78-79. Ustinova, Yulia (2005). "Snake-Limbed and Tendril-Limbed Goddesses in the Art and Mythology of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea". Scythians and Greeks: Cultural Interaction in Scythia, Athens and the Early Roman Empire (sixth Century BC - First Century AD). Exeter, United Kingdom: University of Exeter Press. pp. 64–79. ISBN 978-0-859-89746-4.
Tokhtasyev 2013, p. 193-196. Tokhtasyev, Sergey [in Russian] (2013). "Из ономастики Северного Причерноморья. XXI. Τράκανα" [On Onomastics of the Northern Black Sea region. XXI. Τράκανα]. Вестник древней истории [Journal of Ancient History] (in Russian). 281 (1): 193–196. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
Zaikov 2004, p. 69. Zaikov, A. V. (2004). "Alcman and the Image of Scythian Steed". In Tuplin, Christopher (ed.). Pontus and the Outside World: Studies in Black Sea History, Historiography, and Archaeology. Colloquia Pontica. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. pp. 69–84. ISBN 978-9-004-12154-6.
Rusyayeva 2007, p. 95. Rusyayeva, A. S. [in Ukrainian] (2007). "Religious Interactions between Olbia and Scythia". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 93–102. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Rusyayeva 2007, p. 50-51. Rusyayeva, A. S. [in Ukrainian] (2007). "Religious Interactions between Olbia and Scythia". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 93–102. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Zaikov 2004, p. 78. Zaikov, A. V. (2004). "Alcman and the Image of Scythian Steed". In Tuplin, Christopher (ed.). Pontus and the Outside World: Studies in Black Sea History, Historiography, and Archaeology. Colloquia Pontica. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. pp. 69–84. ISBN 978-9-004-12154-6.
Ustinova 2005, p. 78. Ustinova, Yulia (2005). "Snake-Limbed and Tendril-Limbed Goddesses in the Art and Mythology of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea". Scythians and Greeks: Cultural Interaction in Scythia, Athens and the Early Roman Empire (sixth Century BC - First Century AD). Exeter, United Kingdom: University of Exeter Press. pp. 64–79. ISBN 978-0-859-89746-4.
Rusyayeva 2007, p. 100. Rusyayeva, A. S. [in Ukrainian] (2007). "Religious Interactions between Olbia and Scythia". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 93–102. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Rusyayeva 2007, p. 99-100. Rusyayeva, A. S. [in Ukrainian] (2007). "Religious Interactions between Olbia and Scythia". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 93–102. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Rusyayeva 2007, p. 98-99. Rusyayeva, A. S. [in Ukrainian] (2007). "Religious Interactions between Olbia and Scythia". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 93–102. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.

archive.org

Ustinova 1999, pp. 67–128. Ustinova, Yulia (1999). The Supreme Gods of the Bosporan Kingdom: Celestial Aphrodite and the Most High God. Leiden, Netherlands; Boston, United States: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-9-004-11231-5.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 16. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 17. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 16-17. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 19-20. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 20. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Ustinova 1999, p. 67-128. Ustinova, Yulia (1999). The Supreme Gods of the Bosporan Kingdom: Celestial Aphrodite and the Most High God. Leiden, Netherlands; Boston, United States: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-9-004-11231-5.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 40. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 19. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Ustinova 1999, p. 255-283. Ustinova, Yulia (1999). The Supreme Gods of the Bosporan Kingdom: Celestial Aphrodite and the Most High God. Leiden, Netherlands; Boston, United States: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-9-004-11231-5.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 21. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 20-21. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Herzfeld 1947, p. 516. Herzfeld, Ernst (1947). Zoroaster and His World. Vol. 2. Princeton, United States: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-374-93877-2.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 22. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 23. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Ustinova 1999, p. 91. Ustinova, Yulia (1999). The Supreme Gods of the Bosporan Kingdom: Celestial Aphrodite and the Most High God. Leiden, Netherlands; Boston, United States: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-9-004-11231-5.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 24. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 24-26. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 41-42. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.

au.dk

antikmuseet.au.dk

Rusyayeva 2003, p. 97. Rusyayeva, Anna S. [in Ukrainian] (2003). "The Main Development of the Western Temenos of Olbia in the Pontos" (PDF). In Bilde, Pia Guldager; Højte, Jakob Munk; Stolba, Vladimir F. (eds.). The cauldron of Ariantas: studies presented to A.N. Ščeglov on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Aarhus, Denmark: Aarhus University Press. pp. 93–116. ISBN 978-8-779-34923-0.^[1]
Rusyayeva 2003. Rusyayeva, Anna S. [in Ukrainian] (2003). "The Main Development of the Western Temenos of Olbia in the Pontos" (PDF). In Bilde, Pia Guldager; Højte, Jakob Munk; Stolba, Vladimir F. (eds.). The cauldron of Ariantas: studies presented to A.N. Ščeglov on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Aarhus, Denmark: Aarhus University Press. pp. 93–116. ISBN 978-8-779-34923-0.^[1]

bibliotheca-classica.org

Tokhtasyev 2002, p. 87-88. Tokhtasyev, Sergey [in Russian] (2002). "Остракон с поселения ольвийской хоры Козырка XII" [Ostracon from the Olbian khora of the settlement Kozyrka XII] (PDF). Hyperboreus (in Russian). 8 (1). Saint Petersburg, Russia: Bibliotheca Classica Petropolitana; C. H. Beck: 72–98. Retrieved 10 May 2023.

books.google.com

Campbell 1969, p. 204. Campbell, Leroy A. (1969). Mithraic Iconography and Ideology. Leiden: BRILL. ISBN 978-9-004-30830-5.
Campbell 1969, p. 73. Campbell, Leroy A. (1969). Mithraic Iconography and Ideology. Leiden: BRILL. ISBN 978-9-004-30830-5.
Jacobson 1995, p. 52-64. Jacobson, Esther (1995). The Art of the Scythians: The Interpenetration of Cultures at the Edge of the Hellenic World. Leiden; New York: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-9-004-09856-5.
Campbell 1969, p. 73. Campbell, Leroy A. (1969). Mithraic Iconography and Ideology. Leiden: BRILL. ISBN 978-9-004-30830-5.
Campbell 1969, p. 150. Campbell, Leroy A. (1969). Mithraic Iconography and Ideology. Leiden: BRILL. ISBN 978-9-004-30830-5.
Campbell 1969, p. 150-151. Campbell, Leroy A. (1969). Mithraic Iconography and Ideology. Leiden: BRILL. ISBN 978-9-004-30830-5.
Herodotus, 4.8–10; Gantz, p. 409; Ogden 2013b, pp. 16–17; Ogden 2013a, p. 81 with n. 71; Fontenrose, pp. 97–100. While the Scythian echidna is sometimes identified with the Hesiodic Echidna (e.g. Grimal, s.vv. Echidna, Scythes, Ogden 2013b describes the Scythian as "seemingly calqued upon" the Hesiodic (p. 13), and asserts that "there is no particular reason to infer" that the two are "fully identifiable" (p. 17). Compare with Diodorus Siculus, 2.43.3.

britishmuseum.org

blog.britishmuseum.org

British Museum 2007. "What do false beards, weed saunas and cheese have in common?". British Museum Blog. British Museum. 2017. Archived from the original on 2021-06-21. Retrieved 3 June 2023.

degruyter.com

Geary 1994, p. 63. Geary, Patrick J. (1994). "Germanic Tradition and Royal Ideology in the Ninth Century: The Visio Karoli Magni". Living with the Dead in the Middle Ages. Ithaca, United States: Cornell University Press. p. 63. doi:10.7591/9781501721632-005. ISBN 978-0-8014-8098-0. S2CID 243753185.
Braund 2021, p. 183. Braund, David (2021). "Heracles' Footprint by the River Tyras: Immortality and Acculturation on the Geto-Scythian Frontier". In Braund, David; Stolba, Vladimir F.; Peter, Ulrike (eds.). Environment and Habitation around the Ancient Black Sea. Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter. pp. 177–194. doi:10.1515/9783110715972-010. ISBN 978-3-110-71570-5. S2CID 236581183.
Egelhaaf-Gaiser 2020, p. 48. Egelhaaf-Gaiser, Ulrike [in German] (2020). "Der Fußabdruck des Herakles: Wegspuren, Landmarken und Lesezeichen in der Skythenerzählung des Herodot (4,82)" [The Footprint of Heracles: Trails, Landmarks, and Bookmarks in Herodotus' Scythian Narrative (4:82)]. Antiquity and Occident (in German). 65–66 (1): 21–55. doi:10.1515/anab-2019-0002. S2CID 222004709.
Egelhaaf-Gaiser 2020, p. 47. Egelhaaf-Gaiser, Ulrike [in German] (2020). "Der Fußabdruck des Herakles: Wegspuren, Landmarken und Lesezeichen in der Skythenerzählung des Herodot (4,82)" [The Footprint of Heracles: Trails, Landmarks, and Bookmarks in Herodotus' Scythian Narrative (4:82)]. Antiquity and Occident (in German). 65–66 (1): 21–55. doi:10.1515/anab-2019-0002. S2CID 222004709.
Braund 2021, p. 192. Braund, David (2021). "Heracles' Footprint by the River Tyras: Immortality and Acculturation on the Geto-Scythian Frontier". In Braund, David; Stolba, Vladimir F.; Peter, Ulrike (eds.). Environment and Habitation around the Ancient Black Sea. Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter. pp. 177–194. doi:10.1515/9783110715972-010. ISBN 978-3-110-71570-5. S2CID 236581183.
Braund 2021, p. 182. Braund, David (2021). "Heracles' Footprint by the River Tyras: Immortality and Acculturation on the Geto-Scythian Frontier". In Braund, David; Stolba, Vladimir F.; Peter, Ulrike (eds.). Environment and Habitation around the Ancient Black Sea. Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter. pp. 177–194. doi:10.1515/9783110715972-010. ISBN 978-3-110-71570-5. S2CID 236581183.
Braund 2021, p. 181. Braund, David (2021). "Heracles' Footprint by the River Tyras: Immortality and Acculturation on the Geto-Scythian Frontier". In Braund, David; Stolba, Vladimir F.; Peter, Ulrike (eds.). Environment and Habitation around the Ancient Black Sea. Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter. pp. 177–194. doi:10.1515/9783110715972-010. ISBN 978-3-110-71570-5. S2CID 236581183.

doi.org

Safaee 2020, p. 69. Safaee, Yazdan (2020). "Scythian and Zoroastrian Earth Goddesses: A Comparative Study on Api and Ārmaiti". In Niknami, Kamal-Aldin; Hozhabri, Ali (eds.). Archaeology of Iran in the Historical Period. University of Tehran Science and Humanities Series. Cham, Germany: Springer International Publishing. pp. 65–75. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41776-5_6. ISBN 978-3-030-41776-5. S2CID 219515548.
Ivantchik 1999, p. 158. Ivantchik, Askold I. (1999). "Une légende sur l'origine des Scythes (HDT. IV 5-7) et le problème des sources du Scythicos logos d'Hérodote" [A Legend on the Origin of the Scythians (Hdt. IV 5-7) and the problems of the sources of Herodotus's Scythicos logos]. Revue des Études Grecques [Review of Greek Studies] (in French). 112 (1): 141–192. doi:10.3406/reg.1999.4355. JSTOR 44260011.
Ivantchik 1999, p. 160. Ivantchik, Askold I. (1999). "Une légende sur l'origine des Scythes (HDT. IV 5-7) et le problème des sources du Scythicos logos d'Hérodote" [A Legend on the Origin of the Scythians (Hdt. IV 5-7) and the problems of the sources of Herodotus's Scythicos logos]. Revue des Études Grecques [Review of Greek Studies] (in French). 112 (1): 141–192. doi:10.3406/reg.1999.4355. JSTOR 44260011.
Lincoln 2014, p. 21. Lincoln, Bruce (2014). "Once again 'the Scythian' myth of origins (Herodotus 4.5–10)". Nordlit. 33 (33): 19–34. doi:10.7557/13.3188.
Safaee 2020. Safaee, Yazdan (2020). "Scythian and Zoroastrian Earth Goddesses: A Comparative Study on Api and Ārmaiti". In Niknami, Kamal-Aldin; Hozhabri, Ali (eds.). Archaeology of Iran in the Historical Period. University of Tehran Science and Humanities Series. Cham, Germany: Springer International Publishing. pp. 65–75. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41776-5_6. ISBN 978-3-030-41776-5. S2CID 219515548.
Lincoln 2014, p. 22. Lincoln, Bruce (2014). "Once again 'the Scythian' myth of origins (Herodotus 4.5–10)". Nordlit. 33 (33): 19–34. doi:10.7557/13.3188.
Geary 1994, p. 63. Geary, Patrick J. (1994). "Germanic Tradition and Royal Ideology in the Ninth Century: The Visio Karoli Magni". Living with the Dead in the Middle Ages. Ithaca, United States: Cornell University Press. p. 63. doi:10.7591/9781501721632-005. ISBN 978-0-8014-8098-0. S2CID 243753185.
Atwood & Andreeva 2018. Atwood, Christopher P.; Andreeva, Petya (2018). "Camp and audience scenes in late iron age rock drawings from Khawtsgait, Mongolia". Archaeological Research in Asia. 15: 101–109. doi:10.1016/j.ara.2017.11.004. S2CID 194886583.
Braund 2021, p. 183. Braund, David (2021). "Heracles' Footprint by the River Tyras: Immortality and Acculturation on the Geto-Scythian Frontier". In Braund, David; Stolba, Vladimir F.; Peter, Ulrike (eds.). Environment and Habitation around the Ancient Black Sea. Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter. pp. 177–194. doi:10.1515/9783110715972-010. ISBN 978-3-110-71570-5. S2CID 236581183.
Egelhaaf-Gaiser 2020, p. 48. Egelhaaf-Gaiser, Ulrike [in German] (2020). "Der Fußabdruck des Herakles: Wegspuren, Landmarken und Lesezeichen in der Skythenerzählung des Herodot (4,82)" [The Footprint of Heracles: Trails, Landmarks, and Bookmarks in Herodotus' Scythian Narrative (4:82)]. Antiquity and Occident (in German). 65–66 (1): 21–55. doi:10.1515/anab-2019-0002. S2CID 222004709.
Egelhaaf-Gaiser 2020, p. 47. Egelhaaf-Gaiser, Ulrike [in German] (2020). "Der Fußabdruck des Herakles: Wegspuren, Landmarken und Lesezeichen in der Skythenerzählung des Herodot (4,82)" [The Footprint of Heracles: Trails, Landmarks, and Bookmarks in Herodotus' Scythian Narrative (4:82)]. Antiquity and Occident (in German). 65–66 (1): 21–55. doi:10.1515/anab-2019-0002. S2CID 222004709.
Braund 2021, p. 192. Braund, David (2021). "Heracles' Footprint by the River Tyras: Immortality and Acculturation on the Geto-Scythian Frontier". In Braund, David; Stolba, Vladimir F.; Peter, Ulrike (eds.). Environment and Habitation around the Ancient Black Sea. Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter. pp. 177–194. doi:10.1515/9783110715972-010. ISBN 978-3-110-71570-5. S2CID 236581183.
Braund 2021, p. 182. Braund, David (2021). "Heracles' Footprint by the River Tyras: Immortality and Acculturation on the Geto-Scythian Frontier". In Braund, David; Stolba, Vladimir F.; Peter, Ulrike (eds.). Environment and Habitation around the Ancient Black Sea. Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter. pp. 177–194. doi:10.1515/9783110715972-010. ISBN 978-3-110-71570-5. S2CID 236581183.
Ivantchik 1999, p. 169-170. Ivantchik, Askold I. (1999). "Une légende sur l'origine des Scythes (HDT. IV 5-7) et le problème des sources du Scythicos logos d'Hérodote" [A Legend on the Origin of the Scythians (Hdt. IV 5-7) and the problems of the sources of Herodotus's Scythicos logos]. Revue des Études Grecques [Review of Greek Studies] (in French). 112 (1): 141–192. doi:10.3406/reg.1999.4355. JSTOR 44260011.
Russo, Ethan B. (2007). "History of Cannabis and Its Preparations in Saga, Science, and Sobriquet". Chemistry & Biodiversity. 4 (8): 1614–1648. doi:10.1002/cbdv.200790144. PMID 17712811. S2CID 42480090.
Phillips 1972. Phillips, E. D. (1972). "The Scythian Domination in Western Asia: Its Record in History, Scripture and Archaeology". World Archaeology. 4 (2): 129–138. doi:10.1080/00438243.1972.9979527. JSTOR 123971. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
Braund 2021, p. 181. Braund, David (2021). "Heracles' Footprint by the River Tyras: Immortality and Acculturation on the Geto-Scythian Frontier". In Braund, David; Stolba, Vladimir F.; Peter, Ulrike (eds.). Environment and Habitation around the Ancient Black Sea. Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter. pp. 177–194. doi:10.1515/9783110715972-010. ISBN 978-3-110-71570-5. S2CID 236581183.

gsu.by

elib.gsu.by

Tolstikov 1987, p. 111. Tolstikov, V. P. (1987). "Святилище на акрополе Пантикапея" [Sanctuary on the Acropolis of Panticapaeum] (PDF). Вестник древней истории [Journal of Ancient History] (in Russian). 180: 88–114. Retrieved 23 May 2023.

inslav.ru

Raevsky & Grantovsky 1984, p. 54. Raevsky, D. S. [in Russian]; Grantovsky, E. A. [in Russian] (1984). "Об ираноязычном и "индоарийском" населении Северного Причерноморья в античную эпоху" [On the Iranian-speaking and "Indo-Aryan" Population of the Northern Black Sea region in the Ancient Epoch]. In Bernstein, S. B.; Gindin, L. A. [in Russian]; Golutsova, Y. S. [in Russian]; Melyukova, A. I. [in Russian]; Kaluzhskaya, I. A. (eds.). Этногенез народов Балкан и Северного Причерноморья. Лингвистика, история, археология [Ethnogenesis of the Peoples of the Balkans and Northern Black Sea Region: Linguistics, History, Archaeology] (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow, USSR: Nauka. pp. 47–66.

iranicaonline.org

Schmitt 2018b: "*gaiϑā- “herd, possessions” and *sūra- “strong, mighty” (in the theonym Goitó-syros)" Schmitt, Rüdiger (2018b). "Scythian Language". Encyclopædia Iranica. New York City, United States: Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation; Brill Publishers. Retrieved 22 October 2021.
Ivantchik 2018. Ivantchik, Askold (2018). "Scythians". Encyclopædia Iranica. New York City, United States: Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation; Brill Publishers. Retrieved 23 October 2021.
Schmitt 2018a. Schmitt, Rüdiger (2018a). "Massagetae". Encyclopædia Iranica. New York City, United States: Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation; Brill Publishers.
Ivantchik 2018: "referred to by Herodotus as enareës (ἐνάρεες; 1.105.4; 4.67.2), and more accurately by Pseudo-Hippocrates (Aër. 22) as anarieis (ἀναριεῖς, from the Iranic *anarya-, “unmanly”)" Ivantchik, Askold (2018). "Scythians". Encyclopædia Iranica. New York City, United States: Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation; Brill Publishers. Retrieved 23 October 2021.

jstor.org

Ivantchik 1999, p. 158. Ivantchik, Askold I. (1999). "Une légende sur l'origine des Scythes (HDT. IV 5-7) et le problème des sources du Scythicos logos d'Hérodote" [A Legend on the Origin of the Scythians (Hdt. IV 5-7) and the problems of the sources of Herodotus's Scythicos logos]. Revue des Études Grecques [Review of Greek Studies] (in French). 112 (1): 141–192. doi:10.3406/reg.1999.4355. JSTOR 44260011.
Ivantchik 1999, p. 160. Ivantchik, Askold I. (1999). "Une légende sur l'origine des Scythes (HDT. IV 5-7) et le problème des sources du Scythicos logos d'Hérodote" [A Legend on the Origin of the Scythians (Hdt. IV 5-7) and the problems of the sources of Herodotus's Scythicos logos]. Revue des Études Grecques [Review of Greek Studies] (in French). 112 (1): 141–192. doi:10.3406/reg.1999.4355. JSTOR 44260011.
Ivantchik 1999, p. 169-170. Ivantchik, Askold I. (1999). "Une légende sur l'origine des Scythes (HDT. IV 5-7) et le problème des sources du Scythicos logos d'Hérodote" [A Legend on the Origin of the Scythians (Hdt. IV 5-7) and the problems of the sources of Herodotus's Scythicos logos]. Revue des Études Grecques [Review of Greek Studies] (in French). 112 (1): 141–192. doi:10.3406/reg.1999.4355. JSTOR 44260011.
Phillips 1972. Phillips, E. D. (1972). "The Scythian Domination in Western Asia: Its Record in History, Scripture and Archaeology". World Archaeology. 4 (2): 129–138. doi:10.1080/00438243.1972.9979527. JSTOR 123971. Retrieved 5 November 2021.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Russo, Ethan B. (2007). "History of Cannabis and Its Preparations in Saga, Science, and Sobriquet". Chemistry & Biodiversity. 4 (8): 1614–1648. doi:10.1002/cbdv.200790144. PMID 17712811. S2CID 42480090.

persee.fr

Ivantchik 2016, p. 311-314. Ivantchik, Askold I. (2016). "L'idéologie royale des Scythes et son expression dans la littérature et l'iconographie grecques: l'apport de la numismatique" [The Royal Ideology of the Scythians and its Expression in Greek Literature and Iconography: the Contribution of Numismatics]. Dialogues d'histoire ancienne [Dialogues of Ancient History] (in French). 42 (1): 305–329. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
Ivantchik 2016, p. 312. Ivantchik, Askold I. (2016). "L'idéologie royale des Scythes et son expression dans la littérature et l'iconographie grecques: l'apport de la numismatique" [The Royal Ideology of the Scythians and its Expression in Greek Literature and Iconography: the Contribution of Numismatics]. Dialogues d'histoire ancienne [Dialogues of Ancient History] (in French). 42 (1): 305–329. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
Ivantchik 2016, p. 310-313. Ivantchik, Askold I. (2016). "L'idéologie royale des Scythes et son expression dans la littérature et l'iconographie grecques: l'apport de la numismatique" [The Royal Ideology of the Scythians and its Expression in Greek Literature and Iconography: the Contribution of Numismatics]. Dialogues d'histoire ancienne [Dialogues of Ancient History] (in French). 42 (1): 305–329. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
Ivantchik 2016, p. 314. Ivantchik, Askold I. (2016). "L'idéologie royale des Scythes et son expression dans la littérature et l'iconographie grecques: l'apport de la numismatique" [The Royal Ideology of the Scythians and its Expression in Greek Literature and Iconography: the Contribution of Numismatics]. Dialogues d'histoire ancienne [Dialogues of Ancient History] (in French). 42 (1): 305–329. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
Braund 2005, p. 105. Braund, David (2005). "Reflections on Eumelus' Black Sea region". Collection de l'Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l'Antiquité [Collection of the Institute of Sciences and Techniques of Antiquity]. 979: 99–112. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
Ivantchik 2016, p. 316. Ivantchik, Askold I. (2016). "L'idéologie royale des Scythes et son expression dans la littérature et l'iconographie grecques: l'apport de la numismatique" [The Royal Ideology of the Scythians and its Expression in Greek Literature and Iconography: the Contribution of Numismatics]. Dialogues d'histoire ancienne [Dialogues of Ancient History] (in French). 42 (1): 305–329. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
Ivantchik 2016, p. 317-318. Ivantchik, Askold I. (2016). "L'idéologie royale des Scythes et son expression dans la littérature et l'iconographie grecques: l'apport de la numismatique" [The Royal Ideology of the Scythians and its Expression in Greek Literature and Iconography: the Contribution of Numismatics]. Dialogues d'histoire ancienne [Dialogues of Ancient History] (in French). 42 (1): 305–329. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
Ivantchik 2016, p. 317. Ivantchik, Askold I. (2016). "L'idéologie royale des Scythes et son expression dans la littérature et l'iconographie grecques: l'apport de la numismatique" [The Royal Ideology of the Scythians and its Expression in Greek Literature and Iconography: the Contribution of Numismatics]. Dialogues d'histoire ancienne [Dialogues of Ancient History] (in French). 42 (1): 305–329. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
Ivantchik 2016, p. 312-313. Ivantchik, Askold I. (2016). "L'idéologie royale des Scythes et son expression dans la littérature et l'iconographie grecques: l'apport de la numismatique" [The Royal Ideology of the Scythians and its Expression in Greek Literature and Iconography: the Contribution of Numismatics]. Dialogues d'histoire ancienne [Dialogues of Ancient History] (in French). 42 (1): 305–329. Retrieved 17 May 2023.

semanticscholar.org

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Safaee 2020, p. 69. Safaee, Yazdan (2020). "Scythian and Zoroastrian Earth Goddesses: A Comparative Study on Api and Ārmaiti". In Niknami, Kamal-Aldin; Hozhabri, Ali (eds.). Archaeology of Iran in the Historical Period. University of Tehran Science and Humanities Series. Cham, Germany: Springer International Publishing. pp. 65–75. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41776-5_6. ISBN 978-3-030-41776-5. S2CID 219515548.
Safaee 2020. Safaee, Yazdan (2020). "Scythian and Zoroastrian Earth Goddesses: A Comparative Study on Api and Ārmaiti". In Niknami, Kamal-Aldin; Hozhabri, Ali (eds.). Archaeology of Iran in the Historical Period. University of Tehran Science and Humanities Series. Cham, Germany: Springer International Publishing. pp. 65–75. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41776-5_6. ISBN 978-3-030-41776-5. S2CID 219515548.
Geary 1994, p. 63. Geary, Patrick J. (1994). "Germanic Tradition and Royal Ideology in the Ninth Century: The Visio Karoli Magni". Living with the Dead in the Middle Ages. Ithaca, United States: Cornell University Press. p. 63. doi:10.7591/9781501721632-005. ISBN 978-0-8014-8098-0. S2CID 243753185.
Atwood & Andreeva 2018. Atwood, Christopher P.; Andreeva, Petya (2018). "Camp and audience scenes in late iron age rock drawings from Khawtsgait, Mongolia". Archaeological Research in Asia. 15: 101–109. doi:10.1016/j.ara.2017.11.004. S2CID 194886583.
Braund 2021, p. 183. Braund, David (2021). "Heracles' Footprint by the River Tyras: Immortality and Acculturation on the Geto-Scythian Frontier". In Braund, David; Stolba, Vladimir F.; Peter, Ulrike (eds.). Environment and Habitation around the Ancient Black Sea. Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter. pp. 177–194. doi:10.1515/9783110715972-010. ISBN 978-3-110-71570-5. S2CID 236581183.
Egelhaaf-Gaiser 2020, p. 48. Egelhaaf-Gaiser, Ulrike [in German] (2020). "Der Fußabdruck des Herakles: Wegspuren, Landmarken und Lesezeichen in der Skythenerzählung des Herodot (4,82)" [The Footprint of Heracles: Trails, Landmarks, and Bookmarks in Herodotus' Scythian Narrative (4:82)]. Antiquity and Occident (in German). 65–66 (1): 21–55. doi:10.1515/anab-2019-0002. S2CID 222004709.
Egelhaaf-Gaiser 2020, p. 47. Egelhaaf-Gaiser, Ulrike [in German] (2020). "Der Fußabdruck des Herakles: Wegspuren, Landmarken und Lesezeichen in der Skythenerzählung des Herodot (4,82)" [The Footprint of Heracles: Trails, Landmarks, and Bookmarks in Herodotus' Scythian Narrative (4:82)]. Antiquity and Occident (in German). 65–66 (1): 21–55. doi:10.1515/anab-2019-0002. S2CID 222004709.
Braund 2021, p. 192. Braund, David (2021). "Heracles' Footprint by the River Tyras: Immortality and Acculturation on the Geto-Scythian Frontier". In Braund, David; Stolba, Vladimir F.; Peter, Ulrike (eds.). Environment and Habitation around the Ancient Black Sea. Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter. pp. 177–194. doi:10.1515/9783110715972-010. ISBN 978-3-110-71570-5. S2CID 236581183.
Braund 2021, p. 182. Braund, David (2021). "Heracles' Footprint by the River Tyras: Immortality and Acculturation on the Geto-Scythian Frontier". In Braund, David; Stolba, Vladimir F.; Peter, Ulrike (eds.). Environment and Habitation around the Ancient Black Sea. Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter. pp. 177–194. doi:10.1515/9783110715972-010. ISBN 978-3-110-71570-5. S2CID 236581183.
Russo, Ethan B. (2007). "History of Cannabis and Its Preparations in Saga, Science, and Sobriquet". Chemistry & Biodiversity. 4 (8): 1614–1648. doi:10.1002/cbdv.200790144. PMID 17712811. S2CID 42480090.
Braund 2021, p. 181. Braund, David (2021). "Heracles' Footprint by the River Tyras: Immortality and Acculturation on the Geto-Scythian Frontier". In Braund, David; Stolba, Vladimir F.; Peter, Ulrike (eds.). Environment and Habitation around the Ancient Black Sea. Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter. pp. 177–194. doi:10.1515/9783110715972-010. ISBN 978-3-110-71570-5. S2CID 236581183.

tufts.edu

perseus.tufts.edu

Herodotus, 4.8–10; Gantz, p. 409; Ogden 2013b, pp. 16–17; Ogden 2013a, p. 81 with n. 71; Fontenrose, pp. 97–100. While the Scythian echidna is sometimes identified with the Hesiodic Echidna (e.g. Grimal, s.vv. Echidna, Scythes, Ogden 2013b describes the Scythian as "seemingly calqued upon" the Hesiodic (p. 13), and asserts that "there is no particular reason to infer" that the two are "fully identifiable" (p. 17). Compare with Diodorus Siculus, 2.43.3.

uchicago.edu

penelope.uchicago.edu

Herodotus, 4.8–10; Gantz, p. 409; Ogden 2013b, pp. 16–17; Ogden 2013a, p. 81 with n. 71; Fontenrose, pp. 97–100. While the Scythian echidna is sometimes identified with the Hesiodic Echidna (e.g. Grimal, s.vv. Echidna, Scythes, Ogden 2013b describes the Scythian as "seemingly calqued upon" the Hesiodic (p. 13), and asserts that "there is no particular reason to infer" that the two are "fully identifiable" (p. 17). Compare with Diodorus Siculus, 2.43.3.

uit.no

septentrio.uit.no

Lincoln 2014, p. 21. Lincoln, Bruce (2014). "Once again 'the Scythian' myth of origins (Herodotus 4.5–10)". Nordlit. 33 (33): 19–34. doi:10.7557/13.3188.
Lincoln 2014, p. 22. Lincoln, Bruce (2014). "Once again 'the Scythian' myth of origins (Herodotus 4.5–10)". Nordlit. 33 (33): 19–34. doi:10.7557/13.3188.

unior.it

opar.unior.it

Schmitt 2003. Schmitt, Rüdiger (2003). "Die skythischen Personennamen bei Herodot" [Scythian Personal Names in Herodotus] (PDF). Annali dell'Università degli Studi di Napoli l'Orientale [Annals of the University of Naples "L'Orientale"] (in German). 63. Naples, Italy: Università degli Studi di Napoli "L'Orientale": 1–31.

web.archive.org

Curry, Andrew. "Gold Artifacts Tell Tale of Drug-Fueled Rituals and "Bastard Wars"". In: National Geographic. Date: May 22, 2015. Retrieved: September 08, 2022.
British Museum 2007. "What do false beards, weed saunas and cheese have in common?". British Museum Blog. British Museum. 2017. Archived from the original on 2021-06-21. Retrieved 3 June 2023.

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Raevskiy 1993, p. 16. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 17. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 16-17. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 19-20. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Bukharin 2013, p. 66. Bukharin, Mikhail Dmitrievich [in Russian] (2013). "Колаксай и его братья (античная традиция о происхождении царской власти у скифов" [Kolaxais and his Brothers (Classical Tradition on the Origin of the Royal Power of the Scythians)]. Аристей: вестник классической филологии и античной истории [Aristaeus: Journal of Classical Philology and Ancient History] (in Russian). 3: 20–80.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 20. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 40. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Bukharin 2013, p. 23. Bukharin, Mikhail Dmitrievich [in Russian] (2013). "Колаксай и его братья (античная традиция о происхождении царской власти у скифов" [Kolaxais and his Brothers (Classical Tradition on the Origin of the Royal Power of the Scythians)]. Аристей: вестник классической филологии и античной истории [Aristaeus: Journal of Classical Philology and Ancient History] (in Russian). 3: 20–80.
Braund 2007, p. 48. Braund, David (2007). "Greater Olbia: Ethnic, Religious, Economic, and Political Interactions in the Region of Olbia, c.600–100 BC". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 33–77. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 19. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Kullanda 2013, p. 39-41. Kullanda, S. V. [in Russian] (2013). "Скифские этимологии" [Scythian Etymologies]. In Kolganova, G. Y.; Kullanda, S. V. [in Russian]; Nemirovsky, A. A. [in Russian]; Petrova, A. A.; Safronov, A. V. (eds.). Иранский Мир II – I тыс. до н.э. Материалы международной научной конференции, посвященной памяти Эдвина Арвидовича Грантовского и Дмитрия Сергеевича Раевского. Выпуск VI [Iranian World 2nd - 1st millennium BC. Proceedings of the International Scientific conference Dedicated to the Memory of Edwin Arvidovich Grantovsky and Dmitry Sergeevich Raevsky. Issue VI] (in Russian). Moscow, Russia: Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. pp. 38–48. ISBN 978-5-892-82576-4.
Raevsky & Grantovsky 1984, p. 54. Raevsky, D. S. [in Russian]; Grantovsky, E. A. [in Russian] (1984). "Об ираноязычном и "индоарийском" населении Северного Причерноморья в античную эпоху" [On the Iranian-speaking and "Indo-Aryan" Population of the Northern Black Sea region in the Ancient Epoch]. In Bernstein, S. B.; Gindin, L. A. [in Russian]; Golutsova, Y. S. [in Russian]; Melyukova, A. I. [in Russian]; Kaluzhskaya, I. A. (eds.). Этногенез народов Балкан и Северного Причерноморья. Лингвистика, история, археология [Ethnogenesis of the Peoples of the Balkans and Northern Black Sea Region: Linguistics, History, Archaeology] (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow, USSR: Nauka. pp. 47–66.
Tokhtasyev 2002, p. 87-88. Tokhtasyev, Sergey [in Russian] (2002). "Остракон с поселения ольвийской хоры Козырка XII" [Ostracon from the Olbian khora of the settlement Kozyrka XII] (PDF). Hyperboreus (in Russian). 8 (1). Saint Petersburg, Russia: Bibliotheca Classica Petropolitana; C. H. Beck: 72–98. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
Rusyayeva 2007, p. 96. Rusyayeva, A. S. [in Ukrainian] (2007). "Religious Interactions between Olbia and Scythia". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 93–102. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Tokhtasyev 2013, p. 195. Tokhtasyev, Sergey [in Russian] (2013). "Из ономастики Северного Причерноморья. XXI. Τράκανα" [On Onomastics of the Northern Black Sea region. XXI. Τράκανα]. Вестник древней истории [Journal of Ancient History] (in Russian). 281 (1): 193–196. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
Rusyayeva 2007, p. 98. Rusyayeva, A. S. [in Ukrainian] (2007). "Religious Interactions between Olbia and Scythia". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 93–102. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 21. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 20-21. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 22. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 23. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Braund 2007, p. 48-50. Braund, David (2007). "Greater Olbia: Ethnic, Religious, Economic, and Political Interactions in the Region of Olbia, c.600–100 BC". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 33–77. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Tokhtasyev 2013, p. 193-196. Tokhtasyev, Sergey [in Russian] (2013). "Из ономастики Северного Причерноморья. XXI. Τράκανα" [On Onomastics of the Northern Black Sea region. XXI. Τράκανα]. Вестник древней истории [Journal of Ancient History] (in Russian). 281 (1): 193–196. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
Tolstikov 1987, p. 111. Tolstikov, V. P. (1987). "Святилище на акрополе Пантикапея" [Sanctuary on the Acropolis of Panticapaeum] (PDF). Вестник древней истории [Journal of Ancient History] (in Russian). 180: 88–114. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 24. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 24-26. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Rusyayeva 2007, p. 95. Rusyayeva, A. S. [in Ukrainian] (2007). "Religious Interactions between Olbia and Scythia". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 93–102. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Rusyayeva 2007, p. 50-51. Rusyayeva, A. S. [in Ukrainian] (2007). "Religious Interactions between Olbia and Scythia". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 93–102. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Braund 2007, p. 54. Braund, David (2007). "Greater Olbia: Ethnic, Religious, Economic, and Political Interactions in the Region of Olbia, c.600–100 BC". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 33–77. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Raevskiy 1993, p. 41-42. Raevskiy, Dmitriy [in Russian] (1993). Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Scythian Mythology. Sofia, Bulgaria: Secor Publishers. ISBN 978-9-548-25002-3.
Braund 2007, p. 46. Braund, David (2007). "Greater Olbia: Ethnic, Religious, Economic, and Political Interactions in the Region of Olbia, c.600–100 BC". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 33–77. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Braund 2007, p. 49. Braund, David (2007). "Greater Olbia: Ethnic, Religious, Economic, and Political Interactions in the Region of Olbia, c.600–100 BC". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 33–77. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Bäbler 2007, p. 155-156. Bäbler, Balbina (2007). "Dio Chrysostom's Construction of Olbia". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 145–160. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Braund 2007, p. 56. Braund, David (2007). "Greater Olbia: Ethnic, Religious, Economic, and Political Interactions in the Region of Olbia, c.600–100 BC". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 33–77. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Rusyayeva 2007, p. 100. Rusyayeva, A. S. [in Ukrainian] (2007). "Religious Interactions between Olbia and Scythia". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 93–102. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Braund 2007. Braund, David (2007). "Greater Olbia: Ethnic, Religious, Economic, and Political Interactions in the Region of Olbia, c.600–100 BC". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 33–77. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Rusyayeva 2007, p. 99-100. Rusyayeva, A. S. [in Ukrainian] (2007). "Religious Interactions between Olbia and Scythia". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 93–102. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Rusyayeva 2007, p. 98-99. Rusyayeva, A. S. [in Ukrainian] (2007). "Religious Interactions between Olbia and Scythia". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 93–102. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.

uk.wikipedia.org

Rusyayeva 2007, p. 96. Rusyayeva, A. S. [in Ukrainian] (2007). "Religious Interactions between Olbia and Scythia". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 93–102. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Rusyayeva 2007, p. 98. Rusyayeva, A. S. [in Ukrainian] (2007). "Religious Interactions between Olbia and Scythia". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 93–102. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Rusyayeva 2007, p. 95. Rusyayeva, A. S. [in Ukrainian] (2007). "Religious Interactions between Olbia and Scythia". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 93–102. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Rusyayeva 2007, p. 50-51. Rusyayeva, A. S. [in Ukrainian] (2007). "Religious Interactions between Olbia and Scythia". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 93–102. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Rusyayeva 2007, p. 100. Rusyayeva, A. S. [in Ukrainian] (2007). "Religious Interactions between Olbia and Scythia". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 93–102. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Rusyayeva 2007, p. 99-100. Rusyayeva, A. S. [in Ukrainian] (2007). "Religious Interactions between Olbia and Scythia". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 93–102. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Rusyayeva 2003, p. 97. Rusyayeva, Anna S. [in Ukrainian] (2003). "The Main Development of the Western Temenos of Olbia in the Pontos" (PDF). In Bilde, Pia Guldager; Højte, Jakob Munk; Stolba, Vladimir F. (eds.). The cauldron of Ariantas: studies presented to A.N. Ščeglov on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Aarhus, Denmark: Aarhus University Press. pp. 93–116. ISBN 978-8-779-34923-0.^[1]
Rusyayeva 2007, p. 98-99. Rusyayeva, A. S. [in Ukrainian] (2007). "Religious Interactions between Olbia and Scythia". In Braund, David; Kryzhintskiy, S. D. [in Russian] (eds.). Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 93–102. ISBN 978-0-197-26404-1.
Rusyayeva 2003. Rusyayeva, Anna S. [in Ukrainian] (2003). "The Main Development of the Western Temenos of Olbia in the Pontos" (PDF). In Bilde, Pia Guldager; Højte, Jakob Munk; Stolba, Vladimir F. (eds.). The cauldron of Ariantas: studies presented to A.N. Ščeglov on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Aarhus, Denmark: Aarhus University Press. pp. 93–116. ISBN 978-8-779-34923-0.^[1]

fr.wikipedia.org

Ivantchik 2016, p. 311-314. Ivantchik, Askold I. (2016). "L'idéologie royale des Scythes et son expression dans la littérature et l'iconographie grecques: l'apport de la numismatique" [The Royal Ideology of the Scythians and its Expression in Greek Literature and Iconography: the Contribution of Numismatics]. Dialogues d'histoire ancienne [Dialogues of Ancient History] (in French). 42 (1): 305–329. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
Ivantchik 2016, p. 312. Ivantchik, Askold I. (2016). "L'idéologie royale des Scythes et son expression dans la littérature et l'iconographie grecques: l'apport de la numismatique" [The Royal Ideology of the Scythians and its Expression in Greek Literature and Iconography: the Contribution of Numismatics]. Dialogues d'histoire ancienne [Dialogues of Ancient History] (in French). 42 (1): 305–329. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
Ivantchik 2016, p. 310-313. Ivantchik, Askold I. (2016). "L'idéologie royale des Scythes et son expression dans la littérature et l'iconographie grecques: l'apport de la numismatique" [The Royal Ideology of the Scythians and its Expression in Greek Literature and Iconography: the Contribution of Numismatics]. Dialogues d'histoire ancienne [Dialogues of Ancient History] (in French). 42 (1): 305–329. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
Ivantchik 2016, p. 314. Ivantchik, Askold I. (2016). "L'idéologie royale des Scythes et son expression dans la littérature et l'iconographie grecques: l'apport de la numismatique" [The Royal Ideology of the Scythians and its Expression in Greek Literature and Iconography: the Contribution of Numismatics]. Dialogues d'histoire ancienne [Dialogues of Ancient History] (in French). 42 (1): 305–329. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
Ivantchik 2016, p. 316. Ivantchik, Askold I. (2016). "L'idéologie royale des Scythes et son expression dans la littérature et l'iconographie grecques: l'apport de la numismatique" [The Royal Ideology of the Scythians and its Expression in Greek Literature and Iconography: the Contribution of Numismatics]. Dialogues d'histoire ancienne [Dialogues of Ancient History] (in French). 42 (1): 305–329. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
Ivantchik 2016, p. 317-318. Ivantchik, Askold I. (2016). "L'idéologie royale des Scythes et son expression dans la littérature et l'iconographie grecques: l'apport de la numismatique" [The Royal Ideology of the Scythians and its Expression in Greek Literature and Iconography: the Contribution of Numismatics]. Dialogues d'histoire ancienne [Dialogues of Ancient History] (in French). 42 (1): 305–329. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
Ivantchik 2016, p. 317. Ivantchik, Askold I. (2016). "L'idéologie royale des Scythes et son expression dans la littérature et l'iconographie grecques: l'apport de la numismatique" [The Royal Ideology of the Scythians and its Expression in Greek Literature and Iconography: the Contribution of Numismatics]. Dialogues d'histoire ancienne [Dialogues of Ancient History] (in French). 42 (1): 305–329. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
Ivantchik 2016, p. 312-313. Ivantchik, Askold I. (2016). "L'idéologie royale des Scythes et son expression dans la littérature et l'iconographie grecques: l'apport de la numismatique" [The Royal Ideology of the Scythians and its Expression in Greek Literature and Iconography: the Contribution of Numismatics]. Dialogues d'histoire ancienne [Dialogues of Ancient History] (in French). 42 (1): 305–329. Retrieved 17 May 2023.

de.wikipedia.org

Tokhtasyev 2002, p. 87-88. Tokhtasyev, Sergey [in Russian] (2002). "Остракон с поселения ольвийской хоры Козырка XII" [Ostracon from the Olbian khora of the settlement Kozyrka XII] (PDF). Hyperboreus (in Russian). 8 (1). Saint Petersburg, Russia: Bibliotheca Classica Petropolitana; C. H. Beck: 72–98. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
Egelhaaf-Gaiser 2020, p. 48. Egelhaaf-Gaiser, Ulrike [in German] (2020). "Der Fußabdruck des Herakles: Wegspuren, Landmarken und Lesezeichen in der Skythenerzählung des Herodot (4,82)" [The Footprint of Heracles: Trails, Landmarks, and Bookmarks in Herodotus' Scythian Narrative (4:82)]. Antiquity and Occident (in German). 65–66 (1): 21–55. doi:10.1515/anab-2019-0002. S2CID 222004709.
Egelhaaf-Gaiser 2020, p. 47. Egelhaaf-Gaiser, Ulrike [in German] (2020). "Der Fußabdruck des Herakles: Wegspuren, Landmarken und Lesezeichen in der Skythenerzählung des Herodot (4,82)" [The Footprint of Heracles: Trails, Landmarks, and Bookmarks in Herodotus' Scythian Narrative (4:82)]. Antiquity and Occident (in German). 65–66 (1): 21–55. doi:10.1515/anab-2019-0002. S2CID 222004709.
Rolle 1989, p. 65. Rolle, Renate [in German] (1989). The World of the Scythians. Berkeley, United States: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-06864-3.