Search engine (English Wikipedia)

Dasgupta, Anirban; Ghosh, Arpita; Kumar, Ravi; Olston, Christopher; Pandey, Sandeep; and Tomkins, Andrew. The Discoverability of the Web. http://www.arpitaghosh.com/papers/discoverability.pdf

books.google.com

Oppitz, Marcus; Tomsu, Peter (2017). Inventing the Cloud Century: How Cloudiness Keeps Changing Our Life, Economy and Technology. Springer. p. 238. ISBN 9783319611617.
Jawadekar, Waman S (2011), "8. Knowledge Management: Tools and Technology", Knowledge Management: Text & Cases, New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Education Private Ltd, p. 278, ISBN 978-0-07-07-0086-4, retrieved 23 November 2012
Segev, El (2010). Google and the Digital Divide: The Biases of Online Knowledge, Oxford: Chandos Publishing.
Priti Srinivas Sajja; Rajendra Akerkar (2012). Intelligent technologies for web applications. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-1-4398-7162-1. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
Priti Srinivas Sajja; Rajendra Akerkar (2012). Intelligent technologies for web applications. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 86. ISBN 978-1-4398-7162-1. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
Priti Srinivas Sajja; Rajendra Akerkar (2012). Intelligent technologies for web applications. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-1-4398-7162-1. Retrieved 3 June 2014.

doi.org

Ken Harrenstien; Vic White (March 1982). NICNAME/WHOIS. doi:10.17487/RFC0812. RFC 812. Status Unknown. Obsoleted by RFC 954, 3912
Yanhong Li, "Toward a Qualitative Search Engine", IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 24–29, July/Aug. 1998, doi:10.1109/4236.707687
Gandal, Neil (2001). "The dynamics of competition in the internet search engine market". International Journal of Industrial Organization. 19 (7): 1103–1117. doi:10.1016/S0167-7187(01)00065-0. ISSN 0167-7187.
Vaughan, Liwen; Mike Thelwall (2004). "Search engine coverage bias: evidence and possible causes". Information Processing & Management. 40 (4): 693–707. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.65.5130. doi:10.1016/S0306-4573(03)00063-3. S2CID 18977861.
Introna, Lucas; Helen Nissenbaum (2000). "Shaping the Web: Why the Politics of Search Engines Matters". The Information Society. 16 (3): 169–185. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.24.8051. doi:10.1080/01972240050133634. S2CID 2111039.
Reilly, P. (1 January 2008). "'Googling' Terrorists: Are Northern Irish Terrorists Visible on Internet Search Engines?". In Spink, Prof Dr Amanda; Zimmer, Michael (eds.). Web Search. Information Science and Knowledge Management. Vol. 14. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 151–175. Bibcode:2008wsis.book..151R. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-75829-7_10. ISBN 978-3-540-75828-0. S2CID 84831583.
Ballatore, A (2015). "Google chemtrails: A methodology to analyze topic representation in search engines". First Monday. 20 (7). doi:10.5210/fm.v20i7.5597.
O'Hara, K. (1 July 2014). "In Worship of an Echo". IEEE Internet Computing. 18 (4): 79–83. doi:10.1109/MIC.2014.71. ISSN 1089-7801. S2CID 37860225.
Bruns, Axel (29 November 2019). "Filter bubble". Internet Policy Review. 8 (4). doi:10.14763/2019.4.1426. hdl:10419/214088. ISSN 2197-6775. S2CID 211483210.
Haim, Mario; Graefe, Andreas; Brosius, Hans-Bernd (2018). "Burst of the Filter Bubble?". Digital Journalism. 6 (3): 330–343. doi:10.1080/21670811.2017.1338145. ISSN 2167-0811. S2CID 168906316.
Nechushtai, Efrat; Lewis, Seth C. (2019). "What kind of news gatekeepers do we want machines to be? Filter bubbles, fragmentation, and the normative dimensions of algorithmic recommendations". Computers in Human Behavior. 90: 298–307. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.07.043. S2CID 53774351.
Li, Jingjing; Larsen, Kai; Abbasi, Ahmed (1 December 2020). "TheoryOn: A Design Framework and System for Unlocking Behavioral Knowledge Through Ontology Learning". MIS Quarterly. 44 (4): 1733–1772. doi:10.25300/MISQ/2020/15323. S2CID 219401379.

doz.com

Kissane, Dylan (5 August 2015). "Seznam Takes on Google in the Czech Republic". DOZ.

elsevier.com

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Nechushtai, Efrat; Lewis, Seth C. (2019). "What kind of news gatekeepers do we want machines to be? Filter bubbles, fragmentation, and the normative dimensions of algorithmic recommendations". Computers in Human Behavior. 90: 298–307. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.07.043. S2CID 53774351.

escholarship.org

Gandal, Neil (2001). "The dynamics of competition in the internet search engine market". International Journal of Industrial Organization. 19 (7): 1103–1117. doi:10.1016/S0167-7187(01)00065-0. ISSN 0167-7187.

forbes.com

Greenberg, Andy, "The Man Who's Beating Google", Forbes magazine, October 5, 2009
Altucher, James (18 March 2011). "10 Unusual Things About Google". Forbes. Retrieved 16 June 2019.

fourweekmba.com

"Baidu Vs Google: The Twins Of Search Compared". FourWeekMBA. 18 September 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2019.

globalforumonline.com

"how search engine works?". GFO. Retrieved 26 June 2018.

google.com

"Our history in depth". Archived from the original on 1 November 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012.

googlesystem.blogspot.com

Chitu, Alex (30 August 2007). "Easy Way to Find Recent Web Pages". Google Operating System. Retrieved 22 February 2015.

groups.google.com

Deutsch, Peter (11 September 1990). "[next] An Internet archive server server (was about Lisp)". groups.google.com. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
Oscar Nierstrasz (2 September 1993). "Searchable Catalog of WWW Resources (experimental)".

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Bruns, Axel (29 November 2019). "Filter bubble". Internet Policy Review. 8 (4). doi:10.14763/2019.4.1426. hdl:10419/214088. ISSN 2197-6775. S2CID 211483210.

harvard.edu

cyber.law.harvard.edu

Berkman Center for Internet & Society (2002), "Replacement of Google with Alternative Search Systems in China: Documentation and Screen Shots", Harvard Law School.

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Reilly, P. (1 January 2008). "'Googling' Terrorists: Are Northern Irish Terrorists Visible on Internet Search Engines?". In Spink, Prof Dr Amanda; Zimmer, Michael (eds.). Web Search. Information Science and Knowledge Management. Vol. 14. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 151–175. Bibcode:2008wsis.book..151R. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-75829-7_10. ISBN 978-3-540-75828-0. S2CID 84831583.

huffingtonpost.co.uk

Dino Grandoni, Alan Emtage (April 2013). "Alan Emtage: The Man Who Invented The World's First Search Engine (But Didn't Patent It)". huffingtonpost.co.uk. Retrieved 21 September 2020.

ietf.org

datatracker.ietf.org

Ken Harrenstien; Vic White (March 1982). NICNAME/WHOIS. doi:10.17487/RFC0812. RFC 812. Status Unknown. Obsoleted by RFC 954, 3912

jewogle.com

"Jewogle - FAQ". Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2019.

jstor.org

daily.jstor.org

Alexandra Samuel (21 February 2017). "Meet Alan Emtage, the Black Technologist Who Invented ARCHIE, the First Internet Search Engine". ITHAKA. Retrieved 20 September 2020.

latimes.com

"Browser Deals Push Netscape Stock Up 7.8%". Los Angeles Times. 1 April 1996.

leidenuniv.nl

internethistory.leidenuniv.nl

Search Engine Watch (September 2001). "Search Engines". Internet History. Netherlands: Universiteit Leiden. Archived from the original on 13 April 2009.

liveinternet.ru

"Live Internet - Site Statistics". Live Internet. Retrieved 4 June 2014.

loopnewsbarbados.com

loop news barbados. "Alan Emtage- a Barbadian you should know". loopnewsbarbados.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.

mcom.com

home.mcom.com

"What's New! February 1994". Mosaic Communications Corporation!. Retrieved 14 May 2012.

misq.org

Li, Jingjing; Larsen, Kai; Abbasi, Ahmed (1 December 2020). "TheoryOn: A Design Framework and System for Unlocking Behavioral Knowledge Through Ontology Learning". MIS Quarterly. 44 (4): 1733–1772. doi:10.25300/MISQ/2020/15323. S2CID 219401379.

msn.com

news.msn.com

"New Islam-approved search engine for Muslims". News.msn.com. Archived from the original on 12 July 2013. Retrieved 11 July 2013.

npr.org

Kerr, Dara (2 May 2024). "U.S. v. Google: As landmark 'monopoly power' trial closes, here's what to look for". NPR.

nytimes.com

Hiroko Tabuchi, "How Climate Change Deniers Rise to the Top in Google Searches", The New York Times, Dec. 29, 2017. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

ox.ac.uk

geography.oii.ox.ac.uk

"Age of Internet Empires". Oxford Internet Institute. Retrieved 15 August 2019.

patents.google.com

USPTO, "Hypertext Document Retrieval System and Method", US Patent number: 5920859, Inventor: Yanhong Li, Filing date: Feb 5, 1997, Issue date: Jul 6, 1999
"Method for node ranking in a linked database". Google Patents. Archived from the original on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 19 October 2015.

pccua.edu

"The Major Search Engines". 21 January 2014. Archived from the original on 5 June 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2014.

pcmag.com

"Archie". PCMag. Retrieved 20 September 2020.

policyreview.info

Bruns, Axel (29 November 2019). "Filter bubble". Internet Policy Review. 8 (4). doi:10.14763/2019.4.1426. hdl:10419/214088. ISSN 2197-6775. S2CID 211483210.

psu.edu

faculty.ist.psu.edu

Jansen, B. J., Spink, A., and Saracevic, T. 2000. Real life, real users, and real needs: A study and analysis of user queries on the web. Information Processing & Management. 36(2), 207–227.
Jansen, B. J. and Rieh, S. (2010) The Seventeen Theoretical Constructs of Information Searching and Information Retrieval. Journal of the American Society for Information Sciences and Technology. 61(8), 1517–1534.
Jansen, B. J., Spink, A., Bateman, J., and Saracevic, T. 1998. Real life information retrieval: A study of user queries on the web. SIGIR Forum, 32(1), 5 -17.

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Vaughan, Liwen; Mike Thelwall (2004). "Search engine coverage bias: evidence and possible causes". Information Processing & Management. 40 (4): 693–707. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.65.5130. doi:10.1016/S0306-4573(03)00063-3. S2CID 18977861.
Introna, Lucas; Helen Nissenbaum (2000). "Shaping the Web: Why the Politics of Search Engines Matters". The Information Society. 16 (3): 169–185. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.24.8051. doi:10.1080/01972240050133634. S2CID 2111039.

webaccess.psu.edu

"Penn State WebAccess Secure Login". webaccess.psu.edu. Archived from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2020.

rankdex.com

"About: RankDex", rankdex.com

reston.va.us

cnri.reston.va.us

"Knowbot programming: System support for mobile agents". cnri.reston.va.us.

rfc-editor.org

Ken Harrenstien; Vic White (March 1982). NICNAME/WHOIS. doi:10.17487/RFC0812. RFC 812. Status Unknown. Obsoleted by RFC 954, 3912

searchenginehistory.com

"Search Engine History.com". www.searchenginehistory.com. Retrieved 2 July 2020.

searchenginejournal.com

"What Is Local SEO & Why Local Search Is Important". Search Engine Journal. Retrieved 26 April 2020.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Vaughan, Liwen; Mike Thelwall (2004). "Search engine coverage bias: evidence and possible causes". Information Processing & Management. 40 (4): 693–707. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.65.5130. doi:10.1016/S0306-4573(03)00063-3. S2CID 18977861.
Introna, Lucas; Helen Nissenbaum (2000). "Shaping the Web: Why the Politics of Search Engines Matters". The Information Society. 16 (3): 169–185. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.24.8051. doi:10.1080/01972240050133634. S2CID 2111039.
Reilly, P. (1 January 2008). "'Googling' Terrorists: Are Northern Irish Terrorists Visible on Internet Search Engines?". In Spink, Prof Dr Amanda; Zimmer, Michael (eds.). Web Search. Information Science and Knowledge Management. Vol. 14. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 151–175. Bibcode:2008wsis.book..151R. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-75829-7_10. ISBN 978-3-540-75828-0. S2CID 84831583.
O'Hara, K. (1 July 2014). "In Worship of an Echo". IEEE Internet Computing. 18 (4): 79–83. doi:10.1109/MIC.2014.71. ISSN 1089-7801. S2CID 37860225.
Bruns, Axel (29 November 2019). "Filter bubble". Internet Policy Review. 8 (4). doi:10.14763/2019.4.1426. hdl:10419/214088. ISSN 2197-6775. S2CID 211483210.
Haim, Mario; Graefe, Andreas; Brosius, Hans-Bernd (2018). "Burst of the Filter Bubble?". Digital Journalism. 6 (3): 330–343. doi:10.1080/21670811.2017.1338145. ISSN 2167-0811. S2CID 168906316.
Nechushtai, Efrat; Lewis, Seth C. (2019). "What kind of news gatekeepers do we want machines to be? Filter bubbles, fragmentation, and the normative dimensions of algorithmic recommendations". Computers in Human Behavior. 90: 298–307. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.07.043. S2CID 53774351.
Li, Jingjing; Larsen, Kai; Abbasi, Ahmed (1 December 2020). "TheoryOn: A Design Framework and System for Unlocking Behavioral Knowledge Through Ontology Learning". MIS Quarterly. 44 (4): 1733–1772. doi:10.25300/MISQ/2020/15323. S2CID 219401379.

seroundtable.com

Schwartz, Barry (29 October 2012). "Google: Search Engine Submission Services Can Be Harmful". Search Engine Roundtable. Retrieved 4 April 2016.

shareholder.com

files.shareholder.com

"Yahoo! And Netscape Ink International Distribution Deal" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 November 2013. Retrieved 12 August 2009.

similarweb.com

"Search Engine Market Share Worldwide". Similarweb Top search engines. Retrieved 19 February 2024.

slate.com

Oremus, Will (14 October 2013). "Google's Big Break". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved 12 March 2025.

stanford.edu

ilpubs.stanford.edu

Brin, Sergey; Page, Larry (1998). "The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine" (PDF). Proceedings of the Seventh International World Wide Web Conference (WWW7). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2021.

dbpubs.stanford.edu

Heymann, Paul; Koutrika, Georgia; Garcia-Molina, Hector (12 February 2008). "Can Social Bookmarking Improve Web Search?". First ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining. Retrieved 12 March 2008.

statcounter.com

gs.statcounter.com

StatCounter Global Stats – Search Engine Market Share (May 2025)

techtarget.com

searchcio.techtarget.com

"What is first mover?". SearchCIO. TechTarget. September 2005. Retrieved 5 September 2019.

techtarget.com

"Definition – search engine". Techtarget. Retrieved 1 June 2023.

theatlantic.com

Bush, Vannevar (1 July 1945). "As We May Think". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 22 August 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
Waddell, Kaveh (19 January 2016). "Why Google Quit China—and Why It's Heading Back". The Atlantic. Retrieved 26 April 2020.

theguardian.com

Arthur, Charles (3 June 2014). "The Chinese technology companies poised to dominate the world". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 June 2014.

thehistoryoftheweb.com

Jay (19 February 1998). "GoTo: The Forgotten Search Engine". The History of the Web. Retrieved 12 March 2025.

uiuc.edu

archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu

"Archive of NCSA what's new in December 1993 page". 20 June 2001. Archived from the original on 20 June 2001. Retrieved 14 May 2012.

w3.org

Marchiori, Massimo (1997). "The Quest for Correct Information on the Web: Hyper Search Engines". Proceedings of the Sixth International World Wide Web Conference (WWW6). Retrieved 10 January 2021.
"World-Wide Web Servers". W3C. Retrieved 14 May 2012.

web.archive.org

Bush, Vannevar (1 July 1945). "As We May Think". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 22 August 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
"Penn State WebAccess Secure Login". webaccess.psu.edu. Archived from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
Brin, Sergey; Page, Larry (1998). "The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine" (PDF). Proceedings of the Seventh International World Wide Web Conference (WWW7). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
Search Engine Watch (September 2001). "Search Engines". Internet History. Netherlands: Universiteit Leiden. Archived from the original on 13 April 2009.
loop news barbados. "Alan Emtage- a Barbadian you should know". loopnewsbarbados.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
"Archive of NCSA what's new in December 1993 page". 20 June 2001. Archived from the original on 20 June 2001. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
"Yahoo! Search". Yahoo!. 28 November 1996. Archived from the original on 28 November 1996. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
"Method for node ranking in a linked database". Google Patents. Archived from the original on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
"Yahoo! And Netscape Ink International Distribution Deal" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 November 2013. Retrieved 12 August 2009.
"Our history in depth". Archived from the original on 1 November 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
"New Islam-approved search engine for Muslims". News.msn.com. Archived from the original on 12 July 2013. Retrieved 11 July 2013.
"Jewogle - FAQ". Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
"Halalgoogling: Muslims Get Their Own "sin free" Google; Should Christians Have Christian Google? - Christian Blog". Christian Blog. 25 July 2013. Archived from the original on 13 September 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
"The Major Search Engines". 21 January 2014. Archived from the original on 5 June 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2014.

wiley.com

"A History of Search Engines". Wiley. Retrieved 1 June 2014.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Oremus, Will (14 October 2013). "Google's Big Break". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved 12 March 2025.
Gandal, Neil (2001). "The dynamics of competition in the internet search engine market". International Journal of Industrial Organization. 19 (7): 1103–1117. doi:10.1016/S0167-7187(01)00065-0. ISSN 0167-7187.
Pariser, Eli (2011). The filter bubble : what the Internet is hiding from you. New York: Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1-59420-300-8. OCLC 682892628.
O'Hara, K. (1 July 2014). "In Worship of an Echo". IEEE Internet Computing. 18 (4): 79–83. doi:10.1109/MIC.2014.71. ISSN 1089-7801. S2CID 37860225.
Bruns, Axel (29 November 2019). "Filter bubble". Internet Policy Review. 8 (4). doi:10.14763/2019.4.1426. hdl:10419/214088. ISSN 2197-6775. S2CID 211483210.
Haim, Mario; Graefe, Andreas; Brosius, Hans-Bernd (2018). "Burst of the Filter Bubble?". Digital Journalism. 6 (3): 330–343. doi:10.1080/21670811.2017.1338145. ISSN 2167-0811. S2CID 168906316.

worldcat.org

Pariser, Eli (2011). The filter bubble : what the Internet is hiding from you. New York: Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1-59420-300-8. OCLC 682892628.

wsj.com

blogs.wsj.com

"How Naver Hurts Companies' Productivity". The Wall Street Journal. 21 May 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2014.

yahoo.com

"Yahoo! Search". Yahoo!. 28 November 1996. Archived from the original on 28 November 1996. Retrieved 5 September 2019.