Second Temple Judaism (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Second Temple Judaism" in English language version.

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see also: Jonathan Bourgel, "The Destruction of the Samaritan Temple by John Hyrcanus: A Reconsideration", JBL 135/3 (2016), pp. 505–523

andrews.edu

digitalcommons.andrews.edu

McGuire, J. Amanda (2011). "Sacred Times: The Book of Jubilees at Qumran". Papers. 2 – via Digital Commons @ Andrews University.

archive.org

Malamat & Ben-Sasson 1976, pp. 245–246. Malamat, Abraham; Ben-Sasson, Haim Hillel (1976). A History of the Jewish People. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674397309.
Malamat & Ben-Sasson 1976, pp. 299–303. Malamat, Abraham; Ben-Sasson, Haim Hillel (1976). A History of the Jewish People. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674397309.
Israel Knohl (2000). The Messiah Before Jesus: The Suffering Servant of the Dead Sea Scrolls. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520215924. Retrieved 20 January 2014.

books.google.com

Eddy & Boyd (2007), p. 136: "Burton Mack argues that Paul's view of Jesus as a divine figure who gives his life for the salvation of others had to originate in a Hellenistic rather than a Jewish environment. Mack writes, "Such a notion [of vicarious human suffering] cannot be traced to old Jewish and/ or Israelite traditions, for the very notion of a vicarious human sacrifice was anathema in these cultures. But it can be traced to a Strong Greek tradition of extolling a noble death." More specifically, Mack argues that a Greek "myth of martyrdom" and the "noble death" tradition are ultimately responsible for influencing the hellenized Jews of the Christ cults to develop a divinized Jesus."
Eddy & Boyd (2007), p. 93further note that "The most sophisticated and influential version of the hellenization thesis was forged within the German Religionsgeschichtliche Schule of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries—now often referred to as the "old history of religions school." Here, the crowning literary achievement in several ways is Wilhelm Bousset's 1913 work Kyrios Christos. Bousset envisions two forms of pre-Pauline Christianity: 1. In the early Palestinian community, and 2. In the Hellenistic communities." Eddy, Paul Rhodes; Boyd, Gregory A. (2007). The Jesus Legend: A Case for the Historical Reliability of the Synoptic Jesus Tradition. Baker Academic. ISBN 978-0-8010-3114-4. Eddy, Paul Rhodes; Boyd, Gregory A. (2007). The Jesus Legend: A Case for the Historical Reliability of the Synoptic Jesus Tradition. Baker Academic. ISBN 978-0-8010-3114-4.
Catherine Cory (13 August 2015). Christian Theological Tradition. Routledge. p. 20 and forwards. ISBN 978-1-317-34958-7.
Stephen Benko (1984). Pagan Rome and the Early Christians. Indiana University Press. p. 22 and forwards. ISBN 978-0-253-34286-7.
Cohen 2014, pp. 161–162. Cohen, Shayne (2014). From the Maccabees to the Mishnah (3rd ed.). Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664239046.
Cohen 2014, p. 160. Cohen, Shayne (2014). From the Maccabees to the Mishnah (3rd ed.). Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664239046.
Cohen 2014, p. 171. Cohen, Shayne (2014). From the Maccabees to the Mishnah (3rd ed.). Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664239046.
Cohen 2014, pp. 224–225. Cohen, Shayne (2014). From the Maccabees to the Mishnah (3rd ed.). Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664239046.
Grabbe 2010, p. 2. Grabbe, Lester L. (2010). An Introduction to Second Temple Judaism: History and Religion of the Jews in the Time of Nehemiah, the Maccabees, Hillel, and Jesus. London; New York: T&T Clark International. ISBN 978-0-567-05161-5.
Coogan, Brettler & Newsom 2007, p. xxii. Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann (2007). "Editors' Introduction". In Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann (eds.). The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195288803.
Grabbe 2010, pp. 2–3. Grabbe, Lester L. (2010). An Introduction to Second Temple Judaism: History and Religion of the Jews in the Time of Nehemiah, the Maccabees, Hillel, and Jesus. London; New York: T&T Clark International. ISBN 978-0-567-05161-5.
Davies & Rogerson 2005, p. 89. Davies, Philip R.; Rogerson, John (2005). The Old Testament World. Westminster John Knox. ISBN 9780567084880.
Grabbe 2010, pp. 5–17. Grabbe, Lester L. (2010). An Introduction to Second Temple Judaism: History and Religion of the Jews in the Time of Nehemiah, the Maccabees, Hillel, and Jesus. London; New York: T&T Clark International. ISBN 978-0-567-05161-5.
Nelson 2014, pp. 256–257. Nelson, Richard D. (2014). Historical Roots of the Old Testament (1200–63 BCE). SBL Press. ISBN 9781628370065.
Albertz 2003, p. 101. Albertz, Rainer (2003). Israel in Exile. SBL Press. ISBN 9781589830554.
Berquist 2007, pp. 3–4. Berquist, Jon L. (2007). Approaching Yehud: New Approaches to the Study of the Persian Period. SBL Press. ISBN 9781589831452.
Coogan, Brettler & Newsom 2007, p. xxv. Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann (2007). "Editors' Introduction". In Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann (eds.). The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195288803.
Hegermann 1990, p. 146. Hegermann, Harald (1990). "The Diaspora in the Hellenistic Age". In Finkelstein, Louis (ed.). The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 2, The Hellenistic Age. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521219297.
Collins 2000, p. 5. Collins, John J. (2000). Between Athens and Jerusalem: Jewish Identity in the Hellenistic Diaspora. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802843722.
Hegermann 1990, p. 131. Hegermann, Harald (1990). "The Diaspora in the Hellenistic Age". In Finkelstein, Louis (ed.). The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 2, The Hellenistic Age. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521219297.
Cohen 2014, p. 169. Cohen, Shayne (2014). From the Maccabees to the Mishnah (3rd ed.). Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664239046.
Pummer 2016, p. 25. Pummer, Reinhard (2016). The Samaritans: A Profile. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-6768-1.
Knoppers 2013, p. 2. Knoppers, Gary N. (2013). Jews and Samaritans: The Origins and History of Their Early Relations. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9781575060835. (ISBN is for Google Books version. Paper version ISBN 9780195329544)
Cohen 2014, p. 168. Cohen, Shayne (2014). From the Maccabees to the Mishnah (3rd ed.). Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664239046.
Knoppers 2013, p. 3. Knoppers, Gary N. (2013). Jews and Samaritans: The Origins and History of Their Early Relations. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9781575060835. (ISBN is for Google Books version. Paper version ISBN 9780195329544)
Cohen 2014, pp. 168–169. Cohen, Shayne (2014). From the Maccabees to the Mishnah (3rd ed.). Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664239046.
Coogan, Brettler & Newsom 2007, p. xxiii. Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann (2007). "Editors' Introduction". In Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann (eds.). The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195288803.
Morrow, Jeffrey L.; Bergsma, John (2023). Murmuring Against Moses: The Contentious History and Contested Future of Pentateuchal Studies. Emmaus Academic. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-64585-151-6.
Coogan, Brettler & Newsom 2007, p. xxvi. Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann (2007). "Editors' Introduction". In Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann (eds.). The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195288803.
Coogan, Brettler & Newsom 2007, p. xxvxxvi. Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann (2007). "Editors' Introduction". In Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann (eds.). The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195288803.
Wright 1999, p. 52. Wright, J. Edward (1999). The Early History of Heaven. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198029816.
Nelson 2014, p. 185. Nelson, Richard D. (2014). Historical Roots of the Old Testament (1200–63 BCE). SBL Press. ISBN 9781628370065.
Moore & Kelle 2011, pp. 443–447. Moore, Megan Bishop; Kelle, Brad E. (2011). Biblical History and Israel's Past: The Changing Study of the Bible and History. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802862600.
Flusser 2009, p. 8. Flusser, David (2009). Judaism of the Second Temple Period. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802824585.
Grabbe 2010, pp. 40–42. Grabbe, Lester L. (2010). An Introduction to Second Temple Judaism: History and Religion of the Jews in the Time of Nehemiah, the Maccabees, Hillel, and Jesus. London; New York: T&T Clark International. ISBN 978-0-567-05161-5.
Moore & Kelle 2011, p. 448. Moore, Megan Bishop; Kelle, Brad E. (2011). Biblical History and Israel's Past: The Changing Study of the Bible and History. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802862600.
Albertz 2003, p. 130. Albertz, Rainer (2003). Israel in Exile. SBL Press. ISBN 9781589830554.
Grabbe 2010, p. 47. Grabbe, Lester L. (2010). An Introduction to Second Temple Judaism: History and Religion of the Jews in the Time of Nehemiah, the Maccabees, Hillel, and Jesus. London; New York: T&T Clark International. ISBN 978-0-567-05161-5.
Grabbe 2010, pp. 47–48. Grabbe, Lester L. (2010). An Introduction to Second Temple Judaism: History and Religion of the Jews in the Time of Nehemiah, the Maccabees, Hillel, and Jesus. London; New York: T&T Clark International. ISBN 978-0-567-05161-5.
Moore & Kelle 2011, p. 449. Moore, Megan Bishop; Kelle, Brad E. (2011). Biblical History and Israel's Past: The Changing Study of the Bible and History. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802862600.
Albertz 1994a, p. 61. Albertz, Rainer (1994a) [1992]. A History of Israelite Religion. Vol. I: From the Beginnings to the End of the Monarchy. Translated by John Bowden (Reprint ed.). Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox. ISBN 0-664-21846-6.
Ackerman 2003, p. 395. Ackerman, Susan (2003). "Goddesses". In Richard, Suzanne (ed.). Near Eastern Archaeology:A Reader. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 9781575060835.
Smith 2002, p. 47. Smith, Mark S. (2002). The Early History of God: Yahweh and the Other Deities in Ancient Israel. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802839725.
Betz 2000, p. 917. Betz, Arnold Gottfried (2000). "Monotheism". In Freedman, David Noel; Myer, Allen C. (eds.). Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 9053565035.
Wanke 1984, pp. 182–183. Wanke, Gunther (1984). "Prophecy and Psalms in the Persian Period". In Finkelstein, Louis (ed.). The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 1, Introduction, The Persian Period. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521218801.
Grabbe 2010, p. 48. Grabbe, Lester L. (2010). An Introduction to Second Temple Judaism: History and Religion of the Jews in the Time of Nehemiah, the Maccabees, Hillel, and Jesus. London; New York: T&T Clark International. ISBN 978-0-567-05161-5.
Wellhausen 1885, pp. 405–410. Wellhausen, Julius (1885). Prolegomena to the History of Israel. Black. ISBN 9781606202050.
Wellhausen 1885, p. 408 n. 1. Wellhausen, Julius (1885). Prolegomena to the History of Israel. Black. ISBN 9781606202050.
Adler 2022. Adler, Yonatan (2022). The Origins of Judaism: An Archaeological-Historical Reappraisal. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-25490-7.
Adler 2022, pp. 223–234. Adler, Yonatan (2022). The Origins of Judaism: An Archaeological-Historical Reappraisal. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-25490-7.
Cohen 2014, pp. 165–166. Cohen, Shayne (2014). From the Maccabees to the Mishnah (3rd ed.). Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664239046.
Daniel Boyarin (2012). The Jewish Gospels: The Story of the Jewish Christ. New Press. ISBN 9781595584687. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
Alan J. Avery-Peck, ed. (2005). The Review of Rabbinic Judaism: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 91–112. ISBN 9004144846. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
Peter Schäfer (2012). The Jewish Jesus: How Judaism and Christianity Shaped Each Other. Princeton University Press. pp. 235–238. ISBN 9781400842285. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
Fredriksen 2000, pp. 133–134. Fredriksen, Paula (2000). From Jesus to Christ: The Origins of the New Testament Images of Christ (2nd ed.). Yale University Press. ISBN 0300084579.
Fredriksen 2000, pp. 136–142. Fredriksen, Paula (2000). From Jesus to Christ: The Origins of the New Testament Images of Christ (2nd ed.). Yale University Press. ISBN 0300084579.
Edward Kessler (18 February 2010). An Introduction to Jewish-Christian Relations. Cambridge University Press. pp. 45–. ISBN 978-1-139-48730-6.

brill.com

Goodman, Martin (2006). Judaism in the Roman World. Brill. ISBN 978-90-47-41061-4.

cambridge.org

Schaper 1999, pp. 426–427. Schaper, Joachim (1999). "The Pharisees". In Horbury, William; Davies, W. D.; Sturdy, John (eds.). The Early Roman Period. The Cambridge History of Judaism. Vol. 3. Cambridge University Press. pp. 402–427. ISBN 9781139053662.

cojs.org

Louis H. Feldman, "The Omnipresence of the God-Fearers" Archived 2020-10-24 at the Wayback Machine, Biblical Archaeology Review 12, 5 (1986), Center for Online Judaic Studies.

doi.org

Weitzman, Steven (1999). "Forced Circumcision and the Shifting Role of Gentiles in Hasmonean Ideology". The Harvard Theological Review. 92 (1): 37–59. doi:10.1017/S0017816000017843. ISSN 0017-8160. JSTOR 1510155. S2CID 162887617.
Levin, Yigal (2020-09-24). "The Religion of Idumea and Its Relationship to Early Judaism". Religions. 11 (10): 487. doi:10.3390/rel11100487. ISSN 2077-1444.
Levin, Yigal (2020). "The Religion of Idumea and Its Relationship to Early Judaism". Religions. 11 (10): 487. doi:10.3390/rel11100487.

earlyjewishwritings.com

"Josephus, Antiquities Book XVIII". earlyjewishwritings.com.

haaretz.com

Sand, Shlomo; Ilany, Ofri (21 March 2008). "Shattering a 'National Mythology'". Haaretz. Tel Aviv. Archived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 30 August 2020. The people did not spread, but the Jewish religion spread. Judaism was a converting religion. Contrary to popular opinion, in early Judaism there was a great thirst to convert others. The Hasmoneans were the first to begin to produce large numbers of Jews through mass conversion, under the influence of Hellenism. The conversions between the Hasmonean Revolt and Bar Kochba's rebellion are what prepared the ground for the subsequent, wide-spread dissemination of Christianity. After the victory of Christianity in the 4th century, the momentum of conversion was stopped in the Christian world, and there was a steep drop in the number of Jews. Presumably many of the Jews who appeared around the Mediterranean became Christians. But then Judaism started to permeate other regions – pagan regions, for example, such as Yemen and North Africa. Had Judaism not continued to advance at that stage and had it not continued to convert people in the pagan world, we would have remained a completely marginal religion, if we survived at all.

jewishencyclopedia.com

Jewish Encyclopedia: Baptism: "According to rabbinical teachings, which dominated even during the existence of the Temple (Pes. viii. 8), Baptism, next to circumcision and sacrifice, was an absolutely necessary condition to be fulfilled by a proselyte to Judaism (Yeb. 46b, 47b; Ker. 9a; 'Ab. Zarah 57a; Shab. 135a; Yer. Kid. iii. 14, 64d). Circumcision, however, was much more important, and, like baptism, was called a "seal" (Schlatter, "Die Kirche Jerusalems," 1898, p. 70). But as circumcision was discarded by Christianity, and the sacrifices had ceased, Baptism remained the sole condition for initiation into religious life. The next ceremony, adopted shortly after the others, was the imposition of hands, which, it is known, was the usage of the Jews at the ordination of a rabbi. Anointing with oil, which at first also accompanied the act of Baptism, and was analogous to the anointment of priests among the Jews, was not a necessary condition."

jstor.org

Cohen 1984, pp. 31, 35–36. Cohen, Shaye J. D. (1984). "The Significance of Yavneh: Pharisees, Rabbis, and the End of Jewish Sectarianism". Hebrew Union College Annual. 55: 27–53. JSTOR 23507609.
Lau, Peter H.W. (2009). "Gentile Incorporation into Israel in Ezra - Nehemiah?". Peeters Publishers. 90 (3): 356–373. JSTOR 42614919.
Marciak, Michael (2017). "Idumea and the Idumeans in Josephus' Story of Hellenistic-Early Roman Palestine (Ant. XII-XX)". Aevum. 91 (1). Vita e Pensiero: 171–193. JSTOR 26477573.
Weitzman, Steven (1999). "Forced Circumcision and the Shifting Role of Gentiles in Hasmonean Ideology". The Harvard Theological Review. 92 (1): 37–59. doi:10.1017/S0017816000017843. ISSN 0017-8160. JSTOR 1510155. S2CID 162887617.

oremus.org

bible.oremus.org

Matthew 23:15
"John 20:24–29". bible.oremus.org. Retrieved 2023-05-20.

oup.com

academic.oup.com

Thiessen, Matthew (2011). Contesting Conversion: Genealogy, Circumcision, and Identity in Ancient Judaism and Christianity. Oxford University Press. pp. 87–110. ISBN 9780199914456.
Thiessen, Matthew (2011). Contesting Conversion: Genealogy, Circumcision, and Identity in Ancient Judaism and Christianity. Oxford University Press. pp. 87–110. ISBN 978-0-19-991445-6.
Hayes, Christine E. (2002). Gentile Impurities and Jewish Identities: Intermarriage and Conversion from the Bible to the Talmud. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199834273.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Weitzman, Steven (1999). "Forced Circumcision and the Shifting Role of Gentiles in Hasmonean Ideology". The Harvard Theological Review. 92 (1): 37–59. doi:10.1017/S0017816000017843. ISSN 0017-8160. JSTOR 1510155. S2CID 162887617.

thetorah.com

Katz, Hayah (2014). "Biblical Purification: Was It Immersion?". TheTorah.com. Archived from the original on March 23, 2024.
Schwartz, Daniel R. (2021). "Judea versus Judaism: Between 1 and 2 Maccabees". TheTorah.com. Archived from the original on March 16, 2024.

web.archive.org

The Jewish Backgrounds of the New Testament: Second Commonwealth Judaism in Recent Study, Wheaton College, Previously published in Archaeology of the Biblical World, 1/2 (1991), pp. 40–49. ^{[dead link‍]}
Sand, Shlomo; Ilany, Ofri (21 March 2008). "Shattering a 'National Mythology'". Haaretz. Tel Aviv. Archived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 30 August 2020. The people did not spread, but the Jewish religion spread. Judaism was a converting religion. Contrary to popular opinion, in early Judaism there was a great thirst to convert others. The Hasmoneans were the first to begin to produce large numbers of Jews through mass conversion, under the influence of Hellenism. The conversions between the Hasmonean Revolt and Bar Kochba's rebellion are what prepared the ground for the subsequent, wide-spread dissemination of Christianity. After the victory of Christianity in the 4th century, the momentum of conversion was stopped in the Christian world, and there was a steep drop in the number of Jews. Presumably many of the Jews who appeared around the Mediterranean became Christians. But then Judaism started to permeate other regions – pagan regions, for example, such as Yemen and North Africa. Had Judaism not continued to advance at that stage and had it not continued to convert people in the pagan world, we would have remained a completely marginal religion, if we survived at all.
Louis H. Feldman, "The Omnipresence of the God-Fearers" Archived 2020-10-24 at the Wayback Machine, Biblical Archaeology Review 12, 5 (1986), Center for Online Judaic Studies.
Katz, Hayah (2014). "Biblical Purification: Was It Immersion?". TheTorah.com. Archived from the original on March 23, 2024.
Schwartz, Daniel R. (2021). "Judea versus Judaism: Between 1 and 2 Maccabees". TheTorah.com. Archived from the original on March 16, 2024.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Weitzman, Steven (1999). "Forced Circumcision and the Shifting Role of Gentiles in Hasmonean Ideology". The Harvard Theological Review. 92 (1): 37–59. doi:10.1017/S0017816000017843. ISSN 0017-8160. JSTOR 1510155. S2CID 162887617.
Levin, Yigal (2020-09-24). "The Religion of Idumea and Its Relationship to Early Judaism". Religions. 11 (10): 487. doi:10.3390/rel11100487. ISSN 2077-1444.