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Self-Strengthening Movement (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Self-Strengthening Movement" in English language version.

refsWebsite
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26books.google.com
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13archive.org
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4doi.org
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2uni-heidelberg.de
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archive.org

  • Feuerwerker (1958), p. 315. Feuerwerker, Albert (1958), China's Early Industrialization: Sheng Hsuan-Huai (1844–1916) and Mandarin Enterprise, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press online
  • Spence, Jonathan D. (1996). God's Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan. W.W. Norton & Company. p. 311. ISBN 0393285863. Taiping Heavenly Kingdom rifle.
  • Feuerwerker (1958), p. 9. Feuerwerker, Albert (1958), China's Early Industrialization: Sheng Hsuan-Huai (1844–1916) and Mandarin Enterprise, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press online
  • Feuerwerker (1958), p. 318. Feuerwerker, Albert (1958), China's Early Industrialization: Sheng Hsuan-Huai (1844–1916) and Mandarin Enterprise, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press online
  • Feuerwerker (1958), p. 262-263. Feuerwerker, Albert (1958), China's Early Industrialization: Sheng Hsuan-Huai (1844–1916) and Mandarin Enterprise, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press online
  • Feuerwerker (1958), p. 17. Feuerwerker, Albert (1958), China's Early Industrialization: Sheng Hsuan-Huai (1844–1916) and Mandarin Enterprise, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press online
  • Feuerwerker (1958), p. 256. Feuerwerker, Albert (1958), China's Early Industrialization: Sheng Hsuan-Huai (1844–1916) and Mandarin Enterprise, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press online
  • Feuerwerker (1958), p. 335-36. Feuerwerker, Albert (1958), China's Early Industrialization: Sheng Hsuan-Huai (1844–1916) and Mandarin Enterprise, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press online
  • Feuerwerker (1958), p. 327. Feuerwerker, Albert (1958), China's Early Industrialization: Sheng Hsuan-Huai (1844–1916) and Mandarin Enterprise, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press online
  • Feuerwerker (1958), p. 5-6, 328-31. Feuerwerker, Albert (1958), China's Early Industrialization: Sheng Hsuan-Huai (1844–1916) and Mandarin Enterprise, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press online
  • Feuerwerker (1958), p. 12-16. Feuerwerker, Albert (1958), China's Early Industrialization: Sheng Hsuan-Huai (1844–1916) and Mandarin Enterprise, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press online
  • Feuerwerker (1958), p. 40-44. Feuerwerker, Albert (1958), China's Early Industrialization: Sheng Hsuan-Huai (1844–1916) and Mandarin Enterprise, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press online
  • Feuerwerker (1958), p. 56, 249-50. Feuerwerker, Albert (1958), China's Early Industrialization: Sheng Hsuan-Huai (1844–1916) and Mandarin Enterprise, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press online

books.google.com

  • Asian Profile. Asian Research Service. 2003.
  • Carlos Yu-Kai Lin; Victor H. Mair (March 2, 2020). Remembering May Fourth: The Movement and its Centennial Legacy. BRILL. pp. 4–. ISBN 978-90-04-42488-3.
  • Teng, Ssu-yü; Fairbank, John King (1979). China's Response to the West: A Documentary survey 1839–1923. Harvard University Press. pp. 57–59. ISBN 0674120256.
  • Dillon, Michael; Schillinger, Nicolas (2016). Encyclopedia of Chinese History. Routledge. ISBN 978-1317817154.
  • John King Fairbank; Kwang-Ching Liu; Denis Crispin Twitchett, eds. (1980). Late Ch'ing, 1800–1911. Vol. 11, Part 2 of The Cambridge History of China Series (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 204–09. ISBN 0-521-22029-7. Retrieved January 18, 2012.
  • John King Fairbank; Kwang-Ching Liu; Denis Crispin Twitchett, eds. (1980). Late Ch'ing, 1800–1911. Vol. 11, Part 2 of The Cambridge History of China Series (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 244–45. ISBN 0-521-22029-7. Retrieved January 18, 2012. Soon after arriving in Chihli in 1870, Li began to integrate Chihli's Western-trained military forces into his own military organization, hopeful of putting these local resources to more effective use. He began with the 6,000 or so Green Standard lien-chün troops of the province, attempting to provide them with the same kind of drill and instruction as were available to his own men. He also secured the appointment of Anhwei Army commanders as high officers of the province's Green Standard system, in each case with Peking's approval. Ch'ung-hou's foreign arms and cannon corps, which Li inherited, was given retraining. Li refortified Taku and built a strategic walled city fronting the river ten miles form the estuary. He also expanded the Tientsin Arsenal, having been allocated funds for the purpose from the Tientsin maritime customs.107
  • Palm, Daniel C (April 17, 2014). "3 Learning the 'superior techniques of the barbarians': China's self-strengthening movement". In Chau, Donovan C; Kane, Thomas M (eds.). China and International Security: History, Strategy, and 21st-Century Policy. Vol. 1. Praeger Security International. pp. 46–47. ISBN 978-1440800016.
  • John King Fairbank; Kwang-Ching Liu; Denis Crispin Twitchett, eds. (1980). Late Ch'ing, 1800–1911. Vol. 11, Part 2 of The Cambridge History of China Series (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 209–11. ISBN 0-521-22029-7. Retrieved January 18, 2012.
  • John King Fairbank; Kwang-Ching Liu; Denis Crispin Twitchett, eds. (1980). Late Ch'ing, 1800–1911. Vol. 11, Part 2 of The Cambridge History of China Series (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 541–42. ISBN 0-521-22029-7. Retrieved January 18, 2012.
  • John King Fairbank; Kwang-Ching Liu; Denis Crispin Twitchett, eds. (1980). Late Ch'ing, 1800–1911. Vol. 11, Part 2 of The Cambridge History of China Series (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 249. ISBN 0-521-22029-7. Retrieved January 18, 2012.
  • John King Fairbank (1978). The Cambridge History of China: Late Chʻing, 1800–1911, pt. 2. Cambridge University Press. pp. 94–. ISBN 978-0-521-22029-3.
  • David Scott (2008). China and the International System, 1840–1949: Power, Presence, and Perceptions in a Century of Humiliation. SUNY Press. pp. 104–05. ISBN 978-0-7914-7742-7.
  • Alex Marshall (2006). The Russian General Staff and Asia, 1860–1917. Routledge. pp. 78–. ISBN 978-1-134-25379-1.
  • Alex Marshall (2006). The Russian General Staff and Asia, 1860–1917. Routledge. pp. 79–. ISBN 978-1-134-25379-1.
  • Alex Marshall (2006). The Russian General Staff and Asia, 1860-1917. Routledge. pp. 85–. ISBN 978-1-134-25379-1.
  • John King Fairbank (1978). The Cambridge History of China: Late Chʻing, 1800–1911, pt. 2. Cambridge University Press. pp. 95–. ISBN 978-0-521-22029-3.
  • John King Fairbank; Kwang-Ching Liu; Denis Crispin Twitchett, eds. (1980). Late Ch'ing, 1800–1911. Vol. 11, Part 2 of The Cambridge History of China Series (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 251–52. ISBN 0-521-22029-7. Retrieved January 18, 2012.
  • Schoppa, R. Keith (2017). "5". Revolution and Its Past: Identities and Change in Modern Chinese History. Routledge. ISBN 978-1351219884.
  • Alex Marshall (2006). The Russian General Staff and Asia, 1860–1917. Routledge. pp. 80–. ISBN 978-1-134-25379-1.
  • David Scott (2008). China and the International System, 1840–1949: Power, Presence, and Perceptions in a Century of Humiliation. SUNY Press. pp. 111–12. ISBN 978-0-7914-7742-7.
  • Jane E. Elliott (2002). Some did it for civilisation, some did it for their country: a revised view of the boxer war. Chinese University Press. p. 143. ISBN 962-996-066-4. Retrieved June 28, 2010.
  • Bruce A. Elleman (2001). Modern Chinese warfare, 1795–1989 (illustrated ed.). Psychology Press. p. 87. ISBN 0-415-21474-2. Retrieved January 18, 2012. Not surprisingly, considering Li Hongzhang's political power, many of the best and most modern ships found their way into Li's northern fleet, which never saw any action in the Sino-French conflict. In fact, fear that he might lose control over his fleet led Li to refuse to even consider sending his ships southward to aid the Fuzhou fleet against the French. Although Li later claimed that moving his fleet southward would have left northern China undefended, his decision has been criticized as a sign of China's factionalized government as well as its provincial north-south mindset.
  • Bruce A. Elleman (2001). Modern Chinese warfare, 1795–1989 (illustrated ed.). Psychology Press. p. 87. ISBN 0-415-21474-2. Retrieved January 18, 2012. there was little, if any, coordination between the fleets in north and south China. The lack of a centralized admiralty commanding the entire navy meant that at any one time France opposed only a fraction of China's total fleet. This virtually assured French naval dominance in the upcoming conflict.
  • Kwang-ching Liu, Richard J. Smith, "The Military Challenge: The North-west and the Coast," in John King Fairbank; Kwang-Ching Liu; Denis Crispin Twitchett, eds. (1980). Late Ch'ing, 1800–1911. Vol. 11, Part 2 of The Cambridge History of China Series (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 202–03. ISBN 0-521-22029-7. Retrieved January 18, 2012.
  • John King Fairbank; Kwang-Ching Liu; Denis Crispin Twitchett, eds. (1980). Late Ch'ing, 1800–1911. Vol. 11, Part 2 of The Cambridge History of China Series (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 540–42, 545. ISBN 0-521-22029-7. Retrieved January 18, 2012.
  • John King Fairbank; Kwang-Ching Liu; Denis Crispin Twitchett, eds. (1980). Late Ch'ing, 1800–1911. Vol. 11, Part 2 of The Cambridge History of China Series (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 547. ISBN 0-521-22029-7. Retrieved January 18, 2012.

cambridge.org

cuny.edu

aacs.ccny.cuny.edu

doi.org

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

  • Coco, Orazio (July 3, 2021). "China's Early Industrialization in the Age of the European Colonial Powers: A Controversial Beginning". The Chinese Historical Review. 28 (2): 113–137. doi:10.1080/1547402X.2021.1990528. S2CID 245133127.
  • Walker, Kenneth (1960). "Reviewed Work: China's Early Industrialization: Sheng Hsuan-huai (1844–1916) and Mandarin Enterprise by Albert Feuerwerker". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 23 (3): 609–10. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00150852. S2CID 162502825.

uni-heidelberg.de

archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de

web.archive.org

  • Jason Qu, "Self-Strengthening Movement of late Qing China: an intermediate reform doomed to failure." Asian Culture and History 8.2 (2016): 148–154. online