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Song H, Park S, Jung H, Kim S, Kim J, Huh S, Kim T, Kim Y, Park S, Yoon H, Sung K, Min Y (1997). "Benign and malignant esophageal strictures: treatment with a polyurethane-covered retrievable expandable metallic stent". Radiology. 203 (3): 747–52. doi:10.1148/radiology.203.3.9169699. PMID9169699.
Saxon R, Morrison K, Lakin P, Petersen B, Barton R, Katon R, Keller F (1997). "Malignant esophageal obstruction and esophagorespiratory fistula: palliation with a polyethylene-covered Z-stent". Radiology. 202 (2): 349–54. doi:10.1148/radiology.202.2.9015055. PMID9015055.
Decker P, Lippler J, Decker D, Hirner A (2001). "Use of the Polyflex stent in the palliative therapy of esophageal carcinoma: results in 14 cases and review of the literature". Surg Endosc. 15 (12): 1444–7. doi:10.1007/s004640090099. PMID11965462.
Nelson D, Silvis S, Ansel H (1994). "Management of a tracheoesophageal fistula with a silicone-covered self-expanding metal stent". Gastrointest Endosc. 40 (4): 497–9. doi:10.1016/S0016-5107(94)70221-7. PMID7523233.
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Fiorini A, Fleischer D, Valero J, Israeli E, Wengrower D, Goldin E (2000). "Self-expandable metal coil stents in the treatment of benign esophageal strictures refractory to conventional therapy: a case series". Gastrointest Endosc. 52 (2): 259–62. doi:10.1067/mge.2000.107709. PMID10922106.
Gelbmann C, Ratiu N, Rath H, Rogler G, Lock G, Schölmerich J, Kullmann F (2004). "Use of self-expandable plastic stents for the treatment of esophageal perforations and symptomatic anastomotic leaks". Endoscopy. 36 (8): 695–9. doi:10.1055/s-2004-825656. PMID15280974.
Ramirez F, Dennert B, Zierer S, Sanowski R (1997). "Esophageal self-expandable metallic stents--indications, practice, techniques, and complications: results of a national survey". Gastrointest Endosc. 45 (5): 360–4. doi:10.1016/S0016-5107(97)70144-5. PMID9165315.
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Yoon W, Lee J, Lee K, Lee W, Ryu J, Kim Y, Yoon Y (2006). "A comparison of covered and uncovered Wallstents for the management of distal malignant biliary obstruction". Gastrointest Endosc. 63 (7): 996–1000. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2005.11.054. PMID16733115.
Garcia-Cano J; Gonzalez-Huix F; Juzgado D; Igea F; Perez-Miranda M; Lopez-Roses L; Rodriguez A; Gonzalez-Carro P; Yuguero L; Espinos J; Ducons J; Orive V; Rodriguez S. (2006). "Use of self-expanding metal stents to treat malignant colorectal obstruction in general endoscopic practice (with videos)". Gastrointest Endosc. 64 (6): 914–920. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2006.06.034. PMID17140898.
Conio M, Gostout C (1998). "Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of tumor ingrowth in expandable esophageal stents". Gastrointest Endosc. 48 (2): 225. doi:10.1016/S0016-5107(98)70175-0. PMID9717799.
Matsushita M, Takakuwa H, Nishio A, Kido M, Shimeno N (2003). "Open-biopsy-forceps technique for endoscopic removal of distally migrated and impacted biliary metallic stents". Gastrointest Endosc. 58 (6): 924–7. doi:10.1016/S0016-5107(03)02335-6. PMID14652567.
Mauro M, Koehler R, Baron T (2000). "Advances in gastrointestinal intervention: the treatment of gastroduodenal and colorectal obstructions with metallic stents". Radiology. 215 (3): 659–69. doi:10.1148/radiology.215.3.r00jn30659. PMID10831681.
Schmassmann A, Meyenberger C, Knuchel J, Binek J, Lammer F, Kleiner B, Hürlimann S, Inauen W, Hammer B, Scheurer U, Halter F (1997). "Self-expanding metal stents in malignant esophageal obstruction: a comparison between two stent types". Am J Gastroenterol. 92 (3): 400–6. PMID9068458.
Song H, Park S, Jung H, Kim S, Kim J, Huh S, Kim T, Kim Y, Park S, Yoon H, Sung K, Min Y (1997). "Benign and malignant esophageal strictures: treatment with a polyurethane-covered retrievable expandable metallic stent". Radiology. 203 (3): 747–52. doi:10.1148/radiology.203.3.9169699. PMID9169699.
Saxon R, Morrison K, Lakin P, Petersen B, Barton R, Katon R, Keller F (1997). "Malignant esophageal obstruction and esophagorespiratory fistula: palliation with a polyethylene-covered Z-stent". Radiology. 202 (2): 349–54. doi:10.1148/radiology.202.2.9015055. PMID9015055.
Ell C, Hochberger J, May A, Fleig W, Hahn E (1994). "Coated and uncoated self-expanding metal stents for malignant stenosis in the upper GI tract: preliminary clinical experiences with Wallstents". Am J Gastroenterol. 89 (9): 1496–500. PMID7521573.
Decker P, Lippler J, Decker D, Hirner A (2001). "Use of the Polyflex stent in the palliative therapy of esophageal carcinoma: results in 14 cases and review of the literature". Surg Endosc. 15 (12): 1444–7. doi:10.1007/s004640090099. PMID11965462.
Nelson D, Silvis S, Ansel H (1994). "Management of a tracheoesophageal fistula with a silicone-covered self-expanding metal stent". Gastrointest Endosc. 40 (4): 497–9. doi:10.1016/S0016-5107(94)70221-7. PMID7523233.
Holt A, Patel M, Ahmed M (2004). "Palliation of patients with malignant gastroduodenal obstruction with self-expanding metallic stents: the treatment of choice?". Gastrointest Endosc. 60 (6): 1010–7. doi:10.1016/S0016-5107(04)02276-X. PMID15605026.
Fiorini A, Fleischer D, Valero J, Israeli E, Wengrower D, Goldin E (2000). "Self-expandable metal coil stents in the treatment of benign esophageal strictures refractory to conventional therapy: a case series". Gastrointest Endosc. 52 (2): 259–62. doi:10.1067/mge.2000.107709. PMID10922106.
Gelbmann C, Ratiu N, Rath H, Rogler G, Lock G, Schölmerich J, Kullmann F (2004). "Use of self-expandable plastic stents for the treatment of esophageal perforations and symptomatic anastomotic leaks". Endoscopy. 36 (8): 695–9. doi:10.1055/s-2004-825656. PMID15280974.
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Ramirez F, Dennert B, Zierer S, Sanowski R (1997). "Esophageal self-expandable metallic stents--indications, practice, techniques, and complications: results of a national survey". Gastrointest Endosc. 45 (5): 360–4. doi:10.1016/S0016-5107(97)70144-5. PMID9165315.
Schiefke I, Zabel-Langhennig A, Wiedmann M, Huster D, Witzigmann H, Mössner J, Berr F, Caca K (2003). "Self-expandable metallic stents for malignant duodenal obstruction caused by biliary tract cancer". Gastrointest Endosc. 58 (2): 213–9. doi:10.1067/mge.2003.362. PMID12872088.
Yoon W, Lee J, Lee K, Lee W, Ryu J, Kim Y, Yoon Y (2006). "A comparison of covered and uncovered Wallstents for the management of distal malignant biliary obstruction". Gastrointest Endosc. 63 (7): 996–1000. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2005.11.054. PMID16733115.
Garcia-Cano J; Gonzalez-Huix F; Juzgado D; Igea F; Perez-Miranda M; Lopez-Roses L; Rodriguez A; Gonzalez-Carro P; Yuguero L; Espinos J; Ducons J; Orive V; Rodriguez S. (2006). "Use of self-expanding metal stents to treat malignant colorectal obstruction in general endoscopic practice (with videos)". Gastrointest Endosc. 64 (6): 914–920. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2006.06.034. PMID17140898.
Vakil N, Morris A, Marcon N, Segalin A, Peracchia A, Bethge N, Zuccaro G, Bosco J, Jones W (2001). "A prospective, randomized, controlled trial of covered expandable metal stents in the palliation of malignant esophageal obstruction at the gastroesophageal junction". Am J Gastroenterol. 96 (6): 1791–6. PMID11419831.
Conio M, Gostout C (1998). "Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of tumor ingrowth in expandable esophageal stents". Gastrointest Endosc. 48 (2): 225. doi:10.1016/S0016-5107(98)70175-0. PMID9717799.
Matsushita M, Takakuwa H, Nishio A, Kido M, Shimeno N (2003). "Open-biopsy-forceps technique for endoscopic removal of distally migrated and impacted biliary metallic stents". Gastrointest Endosc. 58 (6): 924–7. doi:10.1016/S0016-5107(03)02335-6. PMID14652567.