Semen quality (English Wikipedia)

Gurevich, Rachel (6 October 2008). "Does Age Affect Male Fertility?". About.com:Fertility. About.com. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 14 February 2010.

archive.today

Lauritsen MB; Pedersen CB; Mortensen PB (2005). "Effects of familial risk factors and place of birth on the risk of autism: a nationwide register-based study". J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 46 (9): 963–71. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00391.x. PMID 16108999. Archived from the original on 2012-06-20.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Folate 'may keep sperm healthy' BBC News. Last Updated: Thursday, 20 March 2008, 04:39 GMT

doi.org

Levine, Hagai; Jørgensen, Niels; Martino-Andrade, Anderson; Mendiola, Jaime; Weksler-Derri, Dan; Mindlis, Irina; Pinotti, Rachel; Swan, Shanna H. (25 July 2017). "Temporal trends in sperm count: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis". Human Reproduction Update. 23 (6): 646–659. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmx022. PMC 6455044. PMID 28981654.
Lauritsen MB; Pedersen CB; Mortensen PB (2005). "Effects of familial risk factors and place of birth on the risk of autism: a nationwide register-based study". J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 46 (9): 963–71. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00391.x. PMID 16108999. Archived from the original on 2012-06-20.
Belloc S, Benkhalifa M, Cohen-Bacrie M, Dalleac A, Amar E, Zini A (2014). "Sperm deoxyribonucleic acid damage in normozoospermic men is related to age and sperm progressive motility". Fertil. Steril. 101 (6): 1588–93. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.02.006. PMID 24690240.
McIntosh, GC; Olshan, AF; Baird, PA (May 1995). "Paternal age and the risk of birth defects in offspring". Epidemiology. 6 (3): 282–8. doi:10.1097/00001648-199505000-00016. PMID 7619937. S2CID 21478909.
Wright C, Milne S, Leeson H (2014). "Sperm DNA damage caused by oxidative stress: modifiable clinical, lifestyle and nutritional factors in male infertility". Reprod. Biomed. Online. 28 (6): 684–703. doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.02.004. PMID 24745838.
Mortimer, D.; Barratt, C. L. R.; Bjorndahl, L.; De Jager, C.; Jequier, A. M.; Muller, C. H. (2013). "What should it take to describe a substance or product as 'sperm-safe'". Human Reproduction Update. 19: i1–45. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt008. hdl:2263/21332. PMID 23552271.
Whan LB; West MC; McClure N; Lewis SE (March 2006). "Effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the primary psychoactive cannabinoid in marijuana, on human sperm function in vitro". Fertility and Sterility. 85 (3): 653–60. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.08.027. PMID 16500334.
Safarinejad MR (November 2008). "Sperm DNA damage and semen quality impairment after treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors detected using semen analysis and sperm chromatin structure assay". The Journal of Urology. 180 (5): 2124–8. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2008.07.034. PMID 18804223. (This paper currently has an expression of concern, see doi:10.1097/JU.0000000000003115, PMID 36626339. If this is an intentional citation to a such a paper, please replace {{expression of concern|...}} with {{expression of concern|...|intentional=yes}}.)
Jensen TK; Swan SH; Skakkebaek NE; Rasmussen S; Jørgensen N. (April 2010). "Caffeine intake and semen quality in a population of 2,554 young Danish men". American Journal of Epidemiology. 171 (8): 883–91. doi:10.1093/aje/kwq007. PMID 20338976.
Mitchell JH; Cawood E; Kinniburgh D; Provan A; Collins AR; Irvine DS (June 2001). "Effect of a phytoestrogen food supplement on reproductive health in normal males". Clinical Science. 100 (6): 613–8. doi:10.1042/CS20000212. PMID 11352776.
MacDonald AA; Herbison GP; Showell M; Farquhar CM (2010). "The impact of body mass index on semen parameters and reproductive hormones in human males: a systematic review with meta-analysis". Hum. Reprod. Update. 16 (3): 293–311. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmp047. PMID 19889752.
Albert Salas-Huetos, Mònica Bulló, Jordi Salas-Salvadó; Dietary patterns, foods and nutrients in male fertility parameters and fecundability: a systematic review of observational studies, Human Reproduction Update, Volume 23, Issue 4, 1 July 2017, Pages 371–389, https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmx006
Marshburn PB, Alanis M, Matthews ML, et al. (September 2009). "A short period of ejaculatory abstinence before intrauterine insemination is associated with higher pregnancy rates". Fertil. Steril. 93 (1): 286–8. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.07.972. PMID 19732887.
Gerris citing Zavos, 1995: Gerris J (May 1999). "Methods of semen collection not based on masturbation or surgical sperm retrieval". Human Reproduction Update. 5 (3): 211–5. doi:10.1093/humupd/5.3.211. PMID 10438105.
Gerris citing Sofikitis and Miyagawa, 1993: Gerris J (May 1999). "Methods of semen collection not based on masturbation or surgical sperm retrieval". Human Reproduction Update. 5 (3): 211–5. doi:10.1093/humupd/5.3.211. PMID 10438105.
Gerris J (May 1999). "Methods of semen collection not based on masturbation or surgical sperm retrieval". Human Reproduction Update. 5 (3): 211–5. doi:10.1093/humupd/5.3.211. PMID 10438105.
Sofikitis NV; Miyagawa I (September–October 1993). "Endocrinological, biophysical, and biochemical parameters of semen collected via masturbation versus sexual intercourse". J. Androl. 14 (5): 366–73. doi:10.1002/j.1939-4640.1993.tb00402.x. PMID 8288490.
van Roijen JH, Slob AK, Gianotten WL, et al. (January 1996). "Sexual arousal and the quality of semen produced by masturbation". Human Reproduction. 11 (1): 147–51. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019008. PMID 8671177.
Yamamoto Y; Sofikitis N; Mio Y; Miyagawa I (May 2000). "Influence of sexual stimulation on sperm parameters in semen samples collected via masturbation from normozoospermic men or cryptozoospermic men participating in an assisted reproduction programme". Andrologia. 32 (3): 131–8. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0272.2000.00353.x. PMID 10863967. S2CID 23972414.
Elzanaty S; Malm J (June 2008). "Comparison of semen parameters in samples collected by masturbation at a clinic and at home". Fertility and Sterility. 89 (6): 1718–22. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.05.044. PMID 17658521.
Ball M (1976). "A prospective field trial of the "ovulation method" of avoiding conception". European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 6 (2): 63–6. doi:10.1016/0028-2243(76)90004-6. PMID 985763.
Wegner CC; Clifford AL; Jilbert PM; Henry MA; Gentry WL (September 2009). "Abnormally high body mass index and tobacco use are associated with poor sperm quality as revealed by reduced sperm binding to hyaluronan-coated slides". Fertil. Steril. 93 (1): 332–4. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.07.970. PMID 19733846.
Dickey, Lore m; Ducheny, Kelly M; Ehrbar, Randall D (2016). "Family creation options for transgender and gender nonconforming people". Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity. 3 (2): 173. doi:10.1037/sgd0000178.
Adams, Jessica A; Galloway, Tamara S; Mondal, Debapriya; Esteves, Sandro C; Mathews, Fiona (2014). "Effect of mobile telephones on sperm quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Environment International. 70: 106–12. Bibcode:2014EnInt..70..106A. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.015. hdl:10871/15088. PMID 24927498.
Cagnacci A; Maxia N; Volpe A (1999). "Diurnal variation of semen quality in human males". Hum. Reprod. 14 (1): 106–9. doi:10.1093/humrep/14.1.106. PMID 10374104.
Vaamonde D; Da Silva-Grigoletto ME; García-Manso JM; Vaamonde-Lemos R; Swanson RJ; Oehninger SC (November 2008). "Response of semen parameters to three training modalities". Fertil. Steril. 92 (6): 1941–6. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.09.010. hdl:10553/76413. PMID 19013565.
Pound N; Javed MH; Ruberto C; Shaikh MA; Del Valle AP (August 2002). "Duration of sexual arousal predicts semen parameters for masturbatory ejaculates". Physiology & Behavior. 76 (4–5): 685–9. doi:10.1016/S0031-9384(02)00803-X. PMID 12127009. S2CID 37524348.
Brugnon F, Janny L, Communal Y, et al. (May 2010). "Apoptosis and meiotic segregation in ejaculated sperm from Robertsonian translocation carrier patients". Hum Reprod. 25 (7): 1631–42. doi:10.1093/humrep/deq113. PMID 20472914.
Negri L, et al. (May 2008). "Cancer Risk in Male Factor-infertility". Placenta. 29: 178–183. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2008.07.014. PMID 18755508.
Meyer WR; Smith PM; Clark MR; Cusmano LL; Fritz MA (September 1996). "Therapeutic cup insemination with cryopreserved donor sperm: prognostic value of cervical mucus score at insemination and the number of motile sperm in mucus at 24 hours". Fertility and Sterility. 66 (3): 435–9. doi:10.1016/S0015-0282(16)58515-X. PMID 8751744.

eshre.eu

Study: Daily sex helps to reduce sperm DNA damage and improve fertility Archived 2011-09-18 at the Wayback Machine the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE). Press releases ESHRE 2009, Tuesday 30 June 2009

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Mortimer, D.; Barratt, C. L. R.; Bjorndahl, L.; De Jager, C.; Jequier, A. M.; Muller, C. H. (2013). "What should it take to describe a substance or product as 'sperm-safe'". Human Reproduction Update. 19: i1–45. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt008. hdl:2263/21332. PMID 23552271.
Adams, Jessica A; Galloway, Tamara S; Mondal, Debapriya; Esteves, Sandro C; Mathews, Fiona (2014). "Effect of mobile telephones on sperm quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Environment International. 70: 106–12. Bibcode:2014EnInt..70..106A. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.015. hdl:10871/15088. PMID 24927498.
Vaamonde D; Da Silva-Grigoletto ME; García-Manso JM; Vaamonde-Lemos R; Swanson RJ; Oehninger SC (November 2008). "Response of semen parameters to three training modalities". Fertil. Steril. 92 (6): 1941–6. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.09.010. hdl:10553/76413. PMID 19013565.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Adams, Jessica A; Galloway, Tamara S; Mondal, Debapriya; Esteves, Sandro C; Mathews, Fiona (2014). "Effect of mobile telephones on sperm quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Environment International. 70: 106–12. Bibcode:2014EnInt..70..106A. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.015. hdl:10871/15088. PMID 24927498.

healthjockey.com

"Beer, coffee, wine and nuts may lower male fertility - Health Jockey". www.healthjockey.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2018-05-16.

independent.co.uk

<Please add first missing authors to populate metadata.> (7 December 2008). "It's official: Men really are the weaker sex". The Independent. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008.

merckvetmanual.com

"Merck Veterinary Manual". Retrieved 2018-05-16.

motherearthnews.com

"The Male Fertility Crisis - Natural Health - MOTHER EARTH NEWS".

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Levine, Hagai; Jørgensen, Niels; Martino-Andrade, Anderson; Mendiola, Jaime; Weksler-Derri, Dan; Mindlis, Irina; Pinotti, Rachel; Swan, Shanna H. (25 July 2017). "Temporal trends in sperm count: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis". Human Reproduction Update. 23 (6): 646–659. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmx022. PMC 6455044. PMID 28981654.
Lauritsen MB; Pedersen CB; Mortensen PB (2005). "Effects of familial risk factors and place of birth on the risk of autism: a nationwide register-based study". J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 46 (9): 963–71. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00391.x. PMID 16108999. Archived from the original on 2012-06-20.
Belloc S, Benkhalifa M, Cohen-Bacrie M, Dalleac A, Amar E, Zini A (2014). "Sperm deoxyribonucleic acid damage in normozoospermic men is related to age and sperm progressive motility". Fertil. Steril. 101 (6): 1588–93. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.02.006. PMID 24690240.
McIntosh, GC; Olshan, AF; Baird, PA (May 1995). "Paternal age and the risk of birth defects in offspring". Epidemiology. 6 (3): 282–8. doi:10.1097/00001648-199505000-00016. PMID 7619937. S2CID 21478909.
Wright C, Milne S, Leeson H (2014). "Sperm DNA damage caused by oxidative stress: modifiable clinical, lifestyle and nutritional factors in male infertility". Reprod. Biomed. Online. 28 (6): 684–703. doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.02.004. PMID 24745838.
Mortimer, D.; Barratt, C. L. R.; Bjorndahl, L.; De Jager, C.; Jequier, A. M.; Muller, C. H. (2013). "What should it take to describe a substance or product as 'sperm-safe'". Human Reproduction Update. 19: i1–45. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt008. hdl:2263/21332. PMID 23552271.
Whan LB; West MC; McClure N; Lewis SE (March 2006). "Effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the primary psychoactive cannabinoid in marijuana, on human sperm function in vitro". Fertility and Sterility. 85 (3): 653–60. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.08.027. PMID 16500334.
Safarinejad MR (November 2008). "Sperm DNA damage and semen quality impairment after treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors detected using semen analysis and sperm chromatin structure assay". The Journal of Urology. 180 (5): 2124–8. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2008.07.034. PMID 18804223. (This paper currently has an expression of concern, see doi:10.1097/JU.0000000000003115, PMID 36626339. If this is an intentional citation to a such a paper, please replace {{expression of concern|...}} with {{expression of concern|...|intentional=yes}}.)
Jensen TK; Swan SH; Skakkebaek NE; Rasmussen S; Jørgensen N. (April 2010). "Caffeine intake and semen quality in a population of 2,554 young Danish men". American Journal of Epidemiology. 171 (8): 883–91. doi:10.1093/aje/kwq007. PMID 20338976.
Mitchell JH; Cawood E; Kinniburgh D; Provan A; Collins AR; Irvine DS (June 2001). "Effect of a phytoestrogen food supplement on reproductive health in normal males". Clinical Science. 100 (6): 613–8. doi:10.1042/CS20000212. PMID 11352776.
MacDonald AA; Herbison GP; Showell M; Farquhar CM (2010). "The impact of body mass index on semen parameters and reproductive hormones in human males: a systematic review with meta-analysis". Hum. Reprod. Update. 16 (3): 293–311. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmp047. PMID 19889752.
Nnatu SN; Giwa-Osagie OF; Essien EE (1991). "Effect of repeated semen ejaculation on sperm quality". Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology. 18 (1): 39–42. PMID 2054949.
Marshburn PB, Alanis M, Matthews ML, et al. (September 2009). "A short period of ejaculatory abstinence before intrauterine insemination is associated with higher pregnancy rates". Fertil. Steril. 93 (1): 286–8. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.07.972. PMID 19732887.
Gerris citing Zavos, 1995: Gerris J (May 1999). "Methods of semen collection not based on masturbation or surgical sperm retrieval". Human Reproduction Update. 5 (3): 211–5. doi:10.1093/humupd/5.3.211. PMID 10438105.
Gerris citing Sofikitis and Miyagawa, 1993: Gerris J (May 1999). "Methods of semen collection not based on masturbation or surgical sperm retrieval". Human Reproduction Update. 5 (3): 211–5. doi:10.1093/humupd/5.3.211. PMID 10438105.
Gerris J (May 1999). "Methods of semen collection not based on masturbation or surgical sperm retrieval". Human Reproduction Update. 5 (3): 211–5. doi:10.1093/humupd/5.3.211. PMID 10438105.
Sofikitis NV; Miyagawa I (September–October 1993). "Endocrinological, biophysical, and biochemical parameters of semen collected via masturbation versus sexual intercourse". J. Androl. 14 (5): 366–73. doi:10.1002/j.1939-4640.1993.tb00402.x. PMID 8288490.
van Roijen JH, Slob AK, Gianotten WL, et al. (January 1996). "Sexual arousal and the quality of semen produced by masturbation". Human Reproduction. 11 (1): 147–51. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019008. PMID 8671177.
Yamamoto Y; Sofikitis N; Mio Y; Miyagawa I (May 2000). "Influence of sexual stimulation on sperm parameters in semen samples collected via masturbation from normozoospermic men or cryptozoospermic men participating in an assisted reproduction programme". Andrologia. 32 (3): 131–8. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0272.2000.00353.x. PMID 10863967. S2CID 23972414.
Elzanaty S; Malm J (June 2008). "Comparison of semen parameters in samples collected by masturbation at a clinic and at home". Fertility and Sterility. 89 (6): 1718–22. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.05.044. PMID 17658521.
Ball M (1976). "A prospective field trial of the "ovulation method" of avoiding conception". European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 6 (2): 63–6. doi:10.1016/0028-2243(76)90004-6. PMID 985763.
Sinha G; Sinha A (October 1993). "A field trial of Billings' ovulation method for spacing and limitation of birth". Journal of the Indian Medical Association. 91 (10): 255–6. PMID 8308307.
Wegner CC; Clifford AL; Jilbert PM; Henry MA; Gentry WL (September 2009). "Abnormally high body mass index and tobacco use are associated with poor sperm quality as revealed by reduced sperm binding to hyaluronan-coated slides". Fertil. Steril. 93 (1): 332–4. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.07.970. PMID 19733846.
Adams, Jessica A; Galloway, Tamara S; Mondal, Debapriya; Esteves, Sandro C; Mathews, Fiona (2014). "Effect of mobile telephones on sperm quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Environment International. 70: 106–12. Bibcode:2014EnInt..70..106A. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.015. hdl:10871/15088. PMID 24927498.
Cagnacci A; Maxia N; Volpe A (1999). "Diurnal variation of semen quality in human males". Hum. Reprod. 14 (1): 106–9. doi:10.1093/humrep/14.1.106. PMID 10374104.
Vaamonde D; Da Silva-Grigoletto ME; García-Manso JM; Vaamonde-Lemos R; Swanson RJ; Oehninger SC (November 2008). "Response of semen parameters to three training modalities". Fertil. Steril. 92 (6): 1941–6. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.09.010. hdl:10553/76413. PMID 19013565.
Pound N; Javed MH; Ruberto C; Shaikh MA; Del Valle AP (August 2002). "Duration of sexual arousal predicts semen parameters for masturbatory ejaculates". Physiology & Behavior. 76 (4–5): 685–9. doi:10.1016/S0031-9384(02)00803-X. PMID 12127009. S2CID 37524348.
Brugnon F, Janny L, Communal Y, et al. (May 2010). "Apoptosis and meiotic segregation in ejaculated sperm from Robertsonian translocation carrier patients". Hum Reprod. 25 (7): 1631–42. doi:10.1093/humrep/deq113. PMID 20472914.
Negri L, et al. (May 2008). "Cancer Risk in Male Factor-infertility". Placenta. 29: 178–183. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2008.07.014. PMID 18755508.
Osser, S; Wramsby, H; Liedholm, P (May–Jun 1988). "A comparison between the hamster egg penetration test and the seminal parameters in men of infertile couples". International Journal of Fertility. 33 (3): 207–11. PMID 2899568.
Koulischer L; Debry JM (1989). "The hamster test. Practical consequences". Acta Urologica Belgica (in French). 57 (1): 77–81. PMID 2718849.
Meyer WR; Smith PM; Clark MR; Cusmano LL; Fritz MA (September 1996). "Therapeutic cup insemination with cryopreserved donor sperm: prognostic value of cervical mucus score at insemination and the number of motile sperm in mucus at 24 hours". Fertility and Sterility. 66 (3): 435–9. doi:10.1016/S0015-0282(16)58515-X. PMID 8751744.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Levine, Hagai; Jørgensen, Niels; Martino-Andrade, Anderson; Mendiola, Jaime; Weksler-Derri, Dan; Mindlis, Irina; Pinotti, Rachel; Swan, Shanna H. (25 July 2017). "Temporal trends in sperm count: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis". Human Reproduction Update. 23 (6): 646–659. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmx022. PMC 6455044. PMID 28981654.

sahlgrenska.se

"Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SU) - reproduction medicine". Archived from the original on 2006-02-23. Retrieved 2007-08-07.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

McIntosh, GC; Olshan, AF; Baird, PA (May 1995). "Paternal age and the risk of birth defects in offspring". Epidemiology. 6 (3): 282–8. doi:10.1097/00001648-199505000-00016. PMID 7619937. S2CID 21478909.
Yamamoto Y; Sofikitis N; Mio Y; Miyagawa I (May 2000). "Influence of sexual stimulation on sperm parameters in semen samples collected via masturbation from normozoospermic men or cryptozoospermic men participating in an assisted reproduction programme". Andrologia. 32 (3): 131–8. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0272.2000.00353.x. PMID 10863967. S2CID 23972414.
Pound N; Javed MH; Ruberto C; Shaikh MA; Del Valle AP (August 2002). "Duration of sexual arousal predicts semen parameters for masturbatory ejaculates". Physiology & Behavior. 76 (4–5): 685–9. doi:10.1016/S0031-9384(02)00803-X. PMID 12127009. S2CID 37524348.

soyonlineservice.co.nz

"Domain parked by OnlyDomains". Archived from the original on 2005-12-15.
"Rats, Mice, Birds & Cattle". Archived from the original on 2006-05-02.

stillhq.com

C. Matthew Peterson; Kirtly Parker Jones; Harry H. Hatasaka & Kenneth H. H. Wong (October 2002). "Hamster Egg Penetration Test" (PDF). Utah Center for Reproductive Medicine. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2007-08-08.

sunysb.edu

uhmc.sunysb.edu

"Understanding Semen Analysis". Stonybrook, State University of New York. 1999. Archived from the original on 2007-10-17. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
"Understanding Semen Analysis". University Hospital & Medical Center at Stony Brook Male Infertility Program. Archived from the original on 17 October 2007. Retrieved 4 May 2013.

todaysdietitian.com

"Improving Male Fertility — Research Suggests a Nutrient-Dense Diet May Play an Integral Role".

uclahealth.org

"MillsHealthySpermTips" (PDF). 5-Tips-To-Ensure-Healthy-Sperm.pdf - UCLA Health. David Geffen. Retrieved 9 January 2022.

web.archive.org

Gurevich, Rachel (6 October 2008). "Does Age Affect Male Fertility?". About.com:Fertility. About.com. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 14 February 2010.
<Please add first missing authors to populate metadata.> (7 December 2008). "It's official: Men really are the weaker sex". The Independent. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008.
"Domain parked by OnlyDomains". Archived from the original on 2005-12-15.
"Beer, coffee, wine and nuts may lower male fertility - Health Jockey". www.healthjockey.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2018-05-16.
"Rats, Mice, Birds & Cattle". Archived from the original on 2006-05-02.
Study: Daily sex helps to reduce sperm DNA damage and improve fertility Archived 2011-09-18 at the Wayback Machine the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE). Press releases ESHRE 2009, Tuesday 30 June 2009
"Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SU) - reproduction medicine". Archived from the original on 2006-02-23. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
Evelyn Billings & Ann Westmore (2005). "Trials of The Billings Ovulation Method". Archived from the original on 2005-11-05. Retrieved 2005-11-03.
"Understanding Semen Analysis". Stonybrook, State University of New York. 1999. Archived from the original on 2007-10-17. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
C. Matthew Peterson; Kirtly Parker Jones; Harry H. Hatasaka & Kenneth H. H. Wong (October 2002). "Hamster Egg Penetration Test" (PDF). Utah Center for Reproductive Medicine. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2007-08-08.
"Understanding Semen Analysis". University Hospital & Medical Center at Stony Brook Male Infertility Program. Archived from the original on 17 October 2007. Retrieved 4 May 2013.

webmd.com

men.webmd.com

"Smoking Marijuana Lowers Fertility". WebMD. Retrieved 2018-05-16.

webmd.com

Essig, Maria G. (2007-02-20). Susan Van Houten; Tracy Landauer (eds.). "Semen Analysis". Healthwise. WebMD. Retrieved 2007-08-05.

wiley.com

www3.interscience.wiley.com

Lauritsen MB; Pedersen CB; Mortensen PB (2005). "Effects of familial risk factors and place of birth on the risk of autism: a nationwide register-based study". J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 46 (9): 963–71. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00391.x. PMID 16108999. Archived from the original on 2012-06-20.

woomb.org

Evelyn Billings & Ann Westmore (2005). "Trials of The Billings Ovulation Method". Archived from the original on 2005-11-05. Retrieved 2005-11-03.